新高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案---形容词、副词（含答案）

这是一份新高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案---形容词、副词（含答案），共10页。试卷主要包含了考点归纳等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2.考点归纳
形容词和副词
一、形容词和副词的基本用法
1. 形容词和副词的作用与位置
形容词修饰名词，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。副词修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下几种特殊情况，须牢记：
（1）形容词短语作定语时，定语后置。
This is a task difficult t address.
（2）形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态。
He was lying in bed, awake.
（3）alne / afraid / asleep / awake / alive / ashamed / ill / well (身体好) 等常作表语而不作定语。
The man is ill.
（4）形容词作定语，修饰不定代词anything / smething / nthing / smene等时，通常后置。
I have smething imprtant t tell yu.
Smething unexpected happened and we had t make sme changes t ur plan.
（5）else常作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
N ne else can answer the questin.
Wh else can answer the questin?
（6）tw-year-ld; 200-metre-lng; ne-thusand-wrd等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只作前置定语。
We are lking frward t participating in the tw­week festival.
（7）多个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。
We had a gd time tgether utdrs last Sunday.
（8）频度副词如ften, always, usually, seldm, hardly, never等在be动词后，行为动词前。
He is always helping thers.
（9）后面跟形容词构成系表结构的动词有：
→ 感官：taste, sund, smell, lk, feel
→ 保持：keep, remain, stay
→ 变得：becme, get, turn, grw, g
→ 结果是、证明是：prve, turn ut
→ 似乎：appear, seem
2. 形容词变副词的一般规律。
（1）一般情况下直接加“ly”。
quick - quickly; plite - plitely; immediate - immediately, wide - widely（注意：true - truly）
（2）以y结尾的，一般将y改成i，再加ly：
happy - happily; heavy - heavily; angry - angrily; busy - busily（注意：shy - shyly）
（3）以ic 结尾的词，加ally：
basic - basically; scientific - scientifically; autmatic - autmatically（注意：public - publicly）
（4）以辅音字母+le结尾的，去e加y。
cmfrtable - cmfrtably
flexible - flexibly
gentle - gently
hrrible - hrribly
pssible - pssibly
prbable - prbably
simple - simply
terrible - terribly
unbelievable - unbelievably
unfrgettable – unfrgettably
3. 以ly结尾的形容词或副词词性辨析
（1）有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。
brtherly adj. 兄弟般的；cstly adj. 昂贵的；deadly adj. 致命的；adv. 非常；friendly；likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能；lively；lnely；lvely；ugly；silly；timely adj. 及时的；weekly adj. 每周的 adv. 每周 。
（2）表原意（无­ly）和引申意（有­ly）的副词：
deep（深）- deeply（深入地）
wide（宽广）- widely（广泛地）
high（高）- highly（高度地）
The ship sank deep int the sea. (实际意义的“深”)
I was deeply mved by what he said. (抽象意义“深深地”)
（3）有无­ly意义大不相同的副词：
pretty相当（be pretty certain that..）
prettily漂亮地（be prettily dressed）
clse近（Dn’t stand clse t the wire.）
clsely密切地；
仔细地（Watch clsely!）
late晚；迟（arrive late）
lately最近（I haven’t seen him lately.）
hard 努力地；大量地；认真地（wrk hard / rain hard / think hard）
hardly 几乎不
二、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级
1. 一般规律
比较级和最高级的用法
在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词:在形容词或副词前加mre(如 mre natural,mre clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,sner )。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。其中，像“A比B更……”的表达方式称为比较级;而“A最……”的表达方式则称为最高级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级或最高级的形态。
一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
1.一般单音节词和少数以-er，-w结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est;
(1)单音节词
如：small→smaller→smallest shrt→shrter→shrtest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
(2)双音节词
如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrw→narrwer→narrwest
2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st;
如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3.在重读闭音节(即：辅音+元音+辅音)中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;
如：big→bigger→biggest ht→htter→httest fat→fatter→fattest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;
如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5.其他双音节词和多音节词(一个元音为一个音节)比较级在前面加mre，最高级在前面加mst;
如：beautiful→mre beautiful→mst beautiful
different→mre different→mst different
easily→mre easily→mst easily
注意：(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the wrld.
(2) 形容词mst前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。
It is a mst imprtant prblem.
=It is avery imprtant prblem.
2.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。
如：gd→better→best well→better→best
bad→wrse→wrst ill→wrse→wrst
ld→lder/elder→ldest/eldest
many/much→mre→mst little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
3. 修饰比较级的词有much、a lt、a great deal、far、even、a bit、a little、any （否定句、疑问句中）；修饰最高级常用by far、the secnd、the third等。
The ppulatin f China is by far the largest in the wrld.
Africa is the secnd largest cntinent.
4. 特殊句式。
（1）as + 形容词 / 副词的原级 + as （像…一样）
Henry is a wrker as gd as Peter (is).
（2）nt as / s + 形容词 / 副词的原级+ as... （不如…那样）
The earphne is nt as/s gd as yu advertised.
（3）as + adj. + a / an + 名词 + as （像…一样的）
Henry is as gd a wrker as Peter (is).
（4）the + 比较级...，the + 比较级... （越…，越…）
The mre careful yu are, the fewer mistakes yu'll make.
（5）the + 比较级+ f + 名词，表示“两个中较…的”。
The taller f the tw bys is my brther.
（6）n + 比较级 + than表示“和…一样…；实际等于…”。
The patient is n better than he was yesterday. 病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。
（7）在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that (thse)，ne (nes)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，ne既可指人又可指物。that既可代替可数名词单数，又可替代不可数名词，而ne只能代替可数名词。
The bk n the table is mre interesting than that (或the ne) n the desk.
The rice prductin this year is twice that f last year.
Their paintings were nt as detailed as thse f earlier painters.
I guess I need t d sme research abut hw my cllege classes will differ frm my high schl nes.
（8）表示“最高程度”的形容词没有级别，如：favrite、perfect、tp、unique、excellent、extreme等。
5. 比较级表达最高级含义
（1）否定词 + 比较级
Yur stry is perfect. I've never heard a better ne befre.
Frm my perspective, we can’t benefit frm thse activities mre. 在我看来，我们从这些活动中受益匪浅。
I can’t attach mre imprtance t wrking ut regularly t keep fit. 我非常重视定期锻炼身体来保持健康。
（2）比较级 + than + any ther + 单数名词
比较级 + than + anyne else
比较级 + than + the rest f + 复数名词或不可数名词
Julia is taller than any ther girl in her class.
= Julia is taller than the rest f girls in her class.
= Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
三、注意下列副词的用法
1. thugh用作副词时，常用在句末，意为“然而；可是”，表转折。
Many teenagers dn’t think s, thugh.
2. therefre / thus“因此；所以”，表结果。
3. meanwhile“与此同时；在此期间”，表示前后分句的动作同时发生。
4. mrever / furthermre / additinally“另外”，表示承接关系。
5. hwever“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
6. besides“另外；还有”，表示递进关系。
7. instead“相反”，表示前后分句意义相反。
8. anyhw / anyway“无论如何；不管怎样”。
9. smehw“不知怎么地；以某种方式”。
10. therwise“否则；另外；以其他方式”。
四、倍数表达法
1. A is + 倍数 + 比较级 + than + B
2. A is + 倍数 + as +原级+ as + B
3. A is + 倍数 + the +名词(size, length, width, height, amunt) + f + B
4. A is + 倍数 + that + f + B
5. A is + 倍数 + what引导的名词性从句
如：长江是珠江的三倍长。
The Yangtze River is twice lnger than the Pearl River.
The Yangtze River is three times as lng as the Pearl River.
The Yangtze River is three times the length f the Pearl River.
The length f the Yangtze River is three times that f the Pearl River.
又如：The price f apple is twice what it was last year.
强化训练
一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. If yu feel ________ (stress) by respnsibilities at wrk, yu shuld take a step back and identify thse f ________ (great) and less imprtance.
2. Recent studies shw that we are far ________ (prductive) at wrk if we take shrt breaks ________(regular)．
3. Chinese scientists ________ (recent) had a chance t study a wild female panda with a newbrn baby. She was a very ________ (care) mther.
4. That yung man is hnest, cperative, always there when yu need his help. In shrt, he’s ________ (rely).
5. I have always enjyed all the events yu rganized and I hpe t attend ________ (many) in the cming years.
6. It was ________ (cnsider) f Michael t infrm us f his delay in case we gt ________ (wrry).
7. The ________ (hard) yu try t beat him, the ________ (likely) yu will get hit.
8. I think watching TV every evening is a waste f time - there are ________ (meaningful) things t d.
9. - Hw was yur jb interview?
-Oh, I culdn’t feel ________(bad). I hardly fund prper answers t mst f the questins they asked.
10. Due t the hard training they had dne befre, their perfrmances were very ________ (impress).
11.Pr student behavir seems t be an ________ (increase) widespread prblem and I think that mdern lifestyles are ________ (prbable) respnsible fr this.
12. I advise yu t take a small step ut f yur cmfrt zne and try t make smene’s day a little ________ (bright). Tgether, we can really make ur sciety cme much ________(clse) as a whle.
13. - Must I d sme reading in English every day t imprve cmprehensin?
- Well, yu can never read ________ much while learning a freign language.
14. It’s t late t set ut t see a film nw. ________ , we have a lt hmewrk t d.
15. Peple wh smke are 13 times ________ (likely) t develp lung cancer than thse wh dn’t.
二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。
1. Firms that prvide relative high wages and gd wrking cnditins d nt seem t have prblems attract emplyees.
2. The teenage years frm 13 t 19 were the mre difficult time fr me. They were als the best and wrse years.
3. The dishes that I cked was Mm’s favritest.
4. Of the tw sisters, Betty is the yung ne, and she is als the ne wh lves t be quietly.
5. He sit dwn and started gentle talking t the dg.
6. Similar, peple prefer mvies that reflects their mds.
7. It is enjyable and relaxed t sit by the river with sme music g n.
8. A persn’s weight is private, and make cmments n it is definitely cnsidered implitely.
9. Culd yu be kinder enugh t recmmend sme bks t me fr reference?
10. This is ne f the effective steps we take t make ur cuntry an even clean place.
三、翻译
1. 如果你给我一些实用的建议，那再好不过了。
2. 这是我收到的最珍贵的礼物。
3. 你越细心，你犯的错就会越少。
4. 听说你前几天和父母争吵，我深表遗憾。
5. 我是一个随和的女孩，我相信我能胜任这个职位。
6. 此外，美味佳肴和先进设备让我们印象深刻。
7. 如果我是你的话，我就会保持冷静，和他们耐心沟通。
8. 常言道，“罗马并非一天建成”。你应该确定一个现实的目标，并努力将它实现。
9. 不仅我能让我的队友知晓美国文化，我也能在必要时给他们提供帮助。
10. 说实话，这个为期三天的活动对我们学生来说无疑是一次宝贵的经历，我们从中收获颇丰。
参考答案：
一、填空
1. stressed; greater 2. mre prductive; regularly 3. recently; caring体贴的；关心他人的 / careful
细心的 4. reliable 5. mre 6. cnsiderate; wrried 7. harder; mre likely 8. mre meaningful 9. wrse 10. impressive 11. increasingly; prbably 12. brighter, clser 13. t14. Besides 15. mre likely
二、改错
1. relative - relatively; attract - attracting
2. mre - mst; wrse - wrst
3. was - were; favritest - favrite
4. yung - yunger; quietly - quiet
5. sit - sat; gentle - gently
6. similar - similarly; reflects - reflect
7. relaxed - relaxing; g - ging
8. make - making; implitely - implite
9. kinder - kind10. clean - cleaner
三、翻译
1. Nthing culd be better if yu ffered me sme practical advice.
2. This is the mst precius present that I have received.
3. The mre careful yu are, the fewer mistakes yu will make.
4. I’m terribly srry t hear that yu quarreled with yur parents the ther day.
Hearing that yu quarreled with yur parents the ther day, I’m terribly srry.
5. Such an utging girl am I that I am cnvinced that I will be qualified fr / equal t / up t the pst.
6. In additin / Additinally, it was delicius cuisines and advanced facilities / equipment that impressed me a lt / left a deep / lasting / favrable impressin n us.
7. If I were yu, I wuld stay calm and cmmunicate with them patiently / with patience.
8. As a saying ges, “Rme was nt built in a day.” Yu are suppsed t set a realistic gal and try hard / make every effrt t make it achieved.
9. Nt nly can I keep my partners infrmed f the American culture, but I am als able t help / capable f helping them when necessary.
10. Hnestly speaking, this 3-day activity is undubtedly a valuable experience fr us students, frm which we have harvested / gained / reaped much.