新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题一2-阅读之主旨大意题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题一2-阅读之主旨大意题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题12-阅读之主旨大意题原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题12-阅读之主旨大意题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共89页， 欢迎下载使用。
【命题趋势】
阅读理解在高考中的比重非常大。所谓“得阅读者得天下”，拿下了阅读就等于拿下了高考的半壁江山。所以提分的重点就在于阅读。而阅读理解中主旨大意题是常考题型，也是容易出错的题型之一。掌握解题步骤，确保主旨大意题的正确率是非常重要的。
【重要考向】
一、识别主旨大意题；
二、主旨大意题解题方法；
考向一
识别主旨大意题
【典例】
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇】
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users.B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins.D. Their cmplex design.
【主旨大意的识别提分秘籍】
题干主要设置：
1. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
2. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
3. What des Nielsen's career stry tell us?
4. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry?
5. What is the main idea f the text?
归纳：
文章中如何寻找关键词
1.举例中的关键词一定不是文章关键词
2.Timex是细节词，细节词不能有
3.首段出现疑问句时，对该疑问对回答就是主题句
考向二
主旨大意题解题方法
【典例】
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934 better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【主旨大意提分秘籍】
Main idea 题型的解题步骤
关键词一定要有
细节词不能有
3.主题句一般在段首断尾，首段尾段
1.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
33.What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut？
A. The classificatin f the ppular.
B. The characteristics f adlescents.
C. The imprtance f interpersnal skills.
D. The causes f dishnrable behavir.
2.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
“That’s what’s s amazing abut chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect.”
Althugh previus research has shwn that apes and mnkeys can understand cmplex infrmatin frm anther animal’s call, the animals d nt appear t use their vices intentinally t cmmunicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hbaiter said.
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signalling: “Climb n me.” The yungster immediately jumps n t its mther’s back and they travel ff tgether. “The big message frm this study is that there is anther species (物种) ut there that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that’s nt unique t humans,” said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappinting”.
“The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins,” she said. “Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains.”
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Chimpanzee behaviur study achieved a breakthrugh
B. Chimpanzees develped specific cmmunicatin skills
C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdm
D. Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated
3.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street — s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence — may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
35. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He’s a news reprter.
B. He’s an ffice manager.
C. He’s a prfessinal designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
4.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
5.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解 C篇】
If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can "tell" whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething. Dgs may indeed be able t distinguish between happy and angry human faces, accrding t a new study
Researchers trained a grup f 11 dgs t distinguish between images（图像）f the same persn making either a happy r an angry face. During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the persn's face. The researchers then tested the dgs' ability t distinguish between human facial expressins by shwing them the ther half f the persn's face n images ttally different frm the nes used in training. The researchers fund that the dgs were able t pick the angry r happy face by tuching a picture f it with their nses mre ften than ne wuld expect by randm chance.
28. The new study fcused n whether dgs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense f human faces
C. feel happy r angry D. cmmunicate with each ther
6.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解 C篇】
At this pint, it is nt clear why dgs seem t be equipped with the ability t recgnize different facial expressins in humans. "T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins," and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them, Muller said.
30. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. A suggestin fr future studies. B. A pssible reasn fr the study findings.
C. A majr limitatin f the study D. An explanatin f the research methd.
7.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解B篇】
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parks less than 10 minutes' walk frm hme where neighburhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen-any screen -and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
"Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference," David Bnd says. "There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be a habit fr life." His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: "We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while."
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Yung Children Need Mre Free Tire
C. Market Nature t Children D. David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
8.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
Leslie Nielsen's childhd was a difficult ne, but he had ne particular shining star in his life-his uncle, wh was a well-knwn actr. The admiratin and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen t make a career（职业）in acting. Even thugh he ften felt he wuld be discvered t be a n-talent, he mved frward, gaining a schlarship t the Neighbrhd Playhuse and making his first televisin appearance a few years later in 1948. Hwever, becming a full-time, successful actr wuld still be an uphill battle fr anther eight years until he landed a number f film rles that finally gt him nticed.
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he shuld be ding cmedy but his gd lks and distinguished vice kept him busy in dramatic rles. It wasn't until1980-32 years int his career-that he landed the rle it wuld seem he was made fr in Airplane! That mvie led him int the secnd half f his career where his cmedic presence alne culd make a mvie a financial success even when mvie reviewers wuld nt rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel cntent in his career? Yes and n. He was thrilled t be ding the cmedy that he always felt he shuld d, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense f curisity, wndering what new rle r challenge might he just arund the cmer. He never stpped wrking, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen's devtin t acting is wnderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little mre than plain ld hard wrk and determinatin. He shwed us that even a single desire, never given up n, can make fr a remarkable life.
23. What des Nielsen's career stry tell us?
A. Art is lng, life is shrt. B. He wh laughs last laughs lngest.
C. It's never t late t learn. D. Where there's a will there's a way.
9.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.D. Benefits frm green plants.
10. 【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy（MIT）have taken it a step further — changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins….
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw（发光）in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. …
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. …
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce（电源）— such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway — a lt f energy is lst during transmissin（传输）. Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
11. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills….
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. …
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd. B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist D. A teaching prgram.
12. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at …
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. …
I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !...
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
35. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Reading: A Surce f Knwledge
B. My Idea abut writing
C. Library: A Haven fr the Yung
D. My Lve f the Library
13. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
The creative team behind "Apes" used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
25. What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A. The cst f making "Apes."B. The creatin f digitalized apes.
C. The publicity abut “Apes."D. The perfrmance f real apes.
14. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解C篇】
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law: she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2001 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
15.【2020全国卷III阅读理解D篇】
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes(基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin — nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts(支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land," said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. "We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders," Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea."
In201, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “It seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin," said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic ResearchD. The Wrld’s Best Divers
16.【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解B篇】
Jenifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin（学费）, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jenifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t car her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. “Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,” she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that's pretty pwerful.
7. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry? （ ）
A. Time is mney. B. Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C. Hard wrk pays ff. D. Educatin is the key t success.
17.【2020北京卷阅读理解C篇】
Fr the past five years, Paula Smith, a histrian f science, has devted herself t re-creating lng-frgtten techniques. While ding research fr her new bk, she came acrss a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) cnsisting f nearly 1,000 sets f instructins, cvering subjects frm tl making t finding the best sand.
The authr’s intentin remains as mysterius (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking ntes fr his wn recrds. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any f the skills the authr described. “Yu simply can’t get an understanding f that handwrk by reading abut it,” she says.
Thugh Smith did get her hands n the best sand, ding things the ld-fashined way isn’t just abut playing arund with French mud. …
The wrk has als brught insights fr museums, Smith says. …
Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas int practice. …
Back when science—then called “the new philsphy”—tk shape, academics lked t craftsmen fr help in understanding the natural wrld. Micrscpes and telescpes were invented by way f artistic tinkering (修补), as craftsmen experimented with glass t better bend light.
If we can rediscver the values f hands-n experience and craftwrk, Smith says, we can marry the best f ur mdern insights with the handiness f ur ancestrs.
41. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Craftsmen Set the Trends fr Artists
B．Craftsmanship Leads t New Theries
C．Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D．Craftsmen Reshape the Future f Science
18.【2020浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age, a study published Wednesday in the jurnal Neurlgy suggests.
Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1, 000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests. Then, fr eight years, the scientists asked the same grup t cme back t the lab every 18 mnths t take the same srts f tests.
Thse wh had held mentally stimulating（刺激）, demanding jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests. And they tended t lse cgnitive（认知）functin at a much slwer rate than thse with the least mentally challenging jbs. The results held true even after the scientists accunted fr the participants’verall health status.
“This wrks just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, wh led the study. “After a lng run, yu may feel like yu’re in pain, yu may feel tired. But it makes yu fit. After a lng day at wrk — sure, yu will feel tired, but it can help yur brain stay healthy. ”
It’s nt just crprate jbs, r even paid wrk that can help keep yur brain fit, Then pints ut. A waiter’ s jb, fr example, that requires multitasking, teamwrk and decisin-making culd be just as stimulating as any high-level ffice wrk. And “running a family husehld requires high-level planning and crdinating（协调）,” she says. “Yu have t rganize the activities f the children and take care f the bills and grceries.”
Of curse, ur brains can decline as we grw lder fr lts f reasns — including ther envirnmental influences r genetic factrs. Still, cntinuing t challenge yurself mentally and keeping yur mind busy can nly help.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Retired Wrkers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old Peple Shuld Take Challenging Jbs
C. Yur Tugh Jb Might Help Keep Yu Sharp
D. Cgnitive Functin May Decline As Yu Age
19.【2020浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
Tday’s wrld is nt an easy adjustment fr yung adults. A key skill set fr success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence.
BYU prfessrs Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after fllwing 325 American families ver several years. And ver time, the persistence gained thrugh fathers led t higher achievement in schl.
“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique rle f fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research als helps t prve that characteristics such as persistence — which can be taught — are key t a child’s life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need t practice an “authritative” parenting style. Authritative parenting is nt authritarian: rigid, demanding r cntrlling. Rather, an authritative parenting style includes sme f the fllwing characteristics: children feel warmth and lve frm their father; respnsibility and the reasns behind rules are stressed; children are given an apprpriate level f autnmy (自主权).
In the study, abut 52 percent f the dads exhibited abve-average levels f authritative parenting. A key finding is that ver time, children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence, which leads t better utcmes in schl.
This particular study examined 11 t 14-year-lds living in tw-parent hmes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence, which is an avenue f future research.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Three Characteristics f Authritative Fathers
B. Key Skills fr Yung Adults t Succeed in Future
C. Children Tend t Learn Determinatin frm Father
D. Family Relatinship Influences Schl Perfrmance
20.【2019北京卷阅读理解C篇】
The prblem f rbcalls has gtten s bad that many peple nw refuse t pick up calls frm numbers they dn’t knw. By next year, half f the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）. We are finally waking up t the severity f the prblem by supprting and develping a grup f tls, apps and appraches intended t prevent scammers frm getting thrugh. Unfrtunately, it’s t little, t late. By the time these ＂slutins"（解决方案）becme widely available, scammers will have mved nt cleverer means. In the near future, it’s nt just ging t be the number yu see n yur screen that will be in dubt. Sn yu will als questin whether the vice yu’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number f pwerful vice manipulatin ( 处理 ) and autmatin technlgies that are abut t becme widely available fr anyne t use. At this year’s I/O Cnference, a cmpany shwed a new vice technlgy able t prduce such a cnvincing human-sunding vice that it was able t speak t a receptinist and bk a reservatin withut detectin.
These develpments are likely t make ur current prblems with rbcalls much wrse. The reasn that rbcalls are a headache has less t d with amunt than precisin. A decade f data breaches（数据侵入）f persnal infrmatin has led t a situatin where scammers can easily learn yur mther’s name, and far mre. Armed with this knwledge, they’re able t carry ut individually targeted campaigns t cheat peple. This means, fr example, that a scammer culd call yu frm what lks t be a familiar number and talk t yu using a vice that sunds exactly like yur bank teller’s, tricking yu int "cnfirming" yur address, mther’s name, and card number. Scammers fllw mney, s cmpanies will be the wrst hit. A lt f business is still dne ver the phne, and much f it is based n trust and existing relatinships. Vice manipulatin technlgies may weaken that gradually.
We need t deal with the insecure nature f ur telecm netwrks. Phne carriers and cnsumers need t wrk tgether t find ways f determining and cmmunicating what is real. That might mean either develping a unifrm way t mark vides and images, shwing when and wh they were made by, r abandning phne calls altgether and mving twards data-based cmmunicatins — using apps like FaceTime r WhatsApp, which can be tied t yur identity.
Credibility is hard t earn but easy t lse, and the prblem is nly ging t get harder frm here n ut.
41. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Where the Prblem f Rbcalls Is Rted
B. Wh Is t Blame fr the Prblem f Rbcalls
C. Why Rbcalls Are Abut t Get Mre Dangerus
D. Hw Rbcalls Are Affecting the Wrld f Technlgy
21.【2019全国卷I阅读理解D篇】
During the rsy years f elementary schl（小学）, I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status. I was the queen f the playgrund. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cl kids. They rse in the ranks nt by being friendly but by smking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jkes n thers, amng whm I sn fund myself.
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
Enviable as the cl kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies shw unpleasant cnsequences. Thse wh were highest in status in high schl, as well as thse least liked in elementary schl, are ＂mst likely t engage（从事）in dangerus and risky behavir.＂
In ne study, Dr. Prinstein examined the tw types f ppularity in 235 adlescents, scring the least liked, the mst liked and the highest in status based n student surveys（调查研究）. ＂We fund that the least well-liked teens had becme mre aggressive ver time tward their classmates. But s had thse wh were high in status. It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment, high status has just the ppsite effect n us."
Dr. Prinstein has als fund that the qualities that made the neighbrs want yu n a play date-sharing, kindness, penness — carry ver t later years and make yu better able t relate and cnnect with thers.
In analyzing his and ther research，Dr. Prinstein came t anther cnclusin: Nt nly is likability related t psitive life utcmes, but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes, t. "Being liked creates pprtunities fr learning and fr new kinds f life experiences that help smebdy gain an advantage, ＂ he said.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Be Nice—Yu Wn’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best—Yu Can Make It
D. Mre Self-Cntrl, Less Aggressiveness
22.【2019全国卷II阅读理解C篇】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Luie cunter by herself, quietly reading her e-bk as she waits fr her salad. What is she reading? Nne f yur business! Lunch is Bechtel’s "me" time. And like mre Americans, she’s nt alne.
A new reprt fund 46 percent f meals are eaten alne in America. Mre than half（53 percent）have breakfast alne and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating tgether anymre, 74 percent, accrding t statistics frm the reprt.
"I prefer t g ut and be ut. Alne, but tgether, yu knw?" Bechtel said, lking up frm her bk. Bechtel, wh wrks in dwntwn West Palm Beach, has lunch with cwrkers smetimes, but like many f us, t ften wrks thrugh lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allws her t keep a bss frm tapping her n the shulder. She returns t wrk feeling energized. "Tday, I just wanted sme time t myself," she said.
Just tw seats ver, Andrew Mazleny, a lcal videgrapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phne in peace r chat up the barkeeper with whm he's n a first-name basis if he wants t have a little interactin（交流）. "I reflect n hw my day's gne and think abut the rest f the week," he said. "It's a chance fr self-reflectin, Yu return t wrk recharged and with a plan."
That freedm t chse is ne reasn mre peple like t eat alne. There was a time when peple may have felt awkward abut asking fr a table fr ne, but thse days are ver. Nw, we have ur smartphnes t keep us cmpany at the table. "It desn't feel as alne as it may have befre all the advances in technlgy," said Laurie Demeritt, whse cmpany prvided the statistics fr the reprt.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The trend f having meals alne.B. The imprtance f self-reflectin.
C. The stress frm wrking vertime.D. The advantage f wireless technlgy.
23.【2019全国卷II阅读理解D篇】
Bacteria are an annying prblem fr astrnauts. The micrrganisms（微生物） frm ur bdies grw uncntrllably n surfaces f the Internatinal Space Statin, s astrnauts spend hurs cleaning them up each week. Hw is NASA vercming this very tiny big prblem? It’s turning t a bunch f high schl kids. But nt just any kids. It depending n NASA HUNCH high schl classrms, like the ne science teachers Gene Grdn and Dnna Himmelberg lead at Fairprt High Schl in Fairprt, New Yrk.
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers. Fr the past tw years, Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity, and they think they’re clse t a slutin（解决方案）. “We dn’t give the students any breaks. They have t d it just like NASA engineers,” says Flrence Gld, a prject manager.
"There are n tests," Grdn says. "There is n graded hmewrk. There almst are n grades, ther than 'Are yu wrking twards yur gal?' Basically, it’s 'I’ve gt t prduce this prduct and then, at the end f year, present it t NASA.' Engineers cme and really d an in-persn review, and... it’s nt a very nice thing at times.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. NASA: The Hme f AstrnautsB. Space: The Final Hmewrk Frntier
C. Nature: An Outdr ClassrmD. HUNCH: A Cllege Admissin Refrm
24.【2019全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
Fr Western designers, China and its rich culture have lng been an inspiratin fr Western creative.
"It's n secret that China has always been a surce(来源)f inspiratin fr designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative fficer at A+E Netwrks, a glbal media cmpany and hme t sme f the biggest fashin(时尚)shws.
Earlier this year, the China Thrugh A Lking Glass exhibitin in New Yrk exhibited 140 pieces f China-inspired fashinable clthing alngside Chinese wrks f art, with the aim f explring the influence f Chinese aesthetics(美学)n Western fashin and hw China has fueled the fashinable imaginatin fr centuries. The exhibitin had recrd attendance, shwing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impssible t verlk," says Hill. "Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement. "Of curse, nly are tday's tp Western designers being influenced by China — sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Galian, Albaz, Marc Jacbs-and beating them hands dwn in design and sales," adds Hill.
Fr Hill, it is impssible nt t talk abut China as the leading player when discussing fashin. "The mst famus designers are Chinese, s are the mdels, and s are the cnsumers," she says. "China is n lnger just anther market; in many senses it has becme the market. If yu talk abut fashin tday, yu are talking abut China —its influences, its directin, its breathtaking clthes, and hw yung designers and mdels are finally acknwledging that in many ways."
27.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Yung Mdels Selling Dreams t the Wrld
B.A Chinese Art Exhibitin Held in New Yrk
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling Internatinal Fashin Trends
25.【2019浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
The number f trees larger than tw feet acrss has declined by 50 percent n mre than 46, 000 square miles f Califrnia frests, the new study finds. N area was spared r unaffected, frm the fggy nrthern cast t the Sierra Nevada Muntains t the San Gabriels abve Ls Angeles. In the Sierra high cuntry, the number f big trees has fallen by mre than 55 percent; in parts f suthern Califrnia the decline was nearly 75 percent.
27. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The seriusness f big-tree lss in Califrnia.
B. The increasing variety f Califrnia big trees.
C. The distributin f big trees in Califrnia frests.
D. The influence f farming n big trees in Califrnia.
26.【2018全国卷I阅读理解B篇】
Gd Mrning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle — shwing families hw t prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.
In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day. And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s learnt int practice in her wn hme, preparing meals fr sns, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We lve Mexican churrs, s I buy them n my phne frm my lcal Mexican takeaway restaurant,” she explains. “I pay £5 fr a prtin (一份), but Matt makes them fr 26p a prtin, because they are flur, water, sugar and il. Everybdy can buy takeaway fd, but smetimes we’re nt aware hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves.”
The eight-part series (系列节目), Save Mney: Gd Fd, fllws in the ftsteps f ITV’s Save Mney: Gd Health, which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.
With fd ur biggest weekly husehld expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tnight’s Easter special they cme t the aid f a family in need f sme delicius inspiratin n a budget. The team transfrms the family’s lng weekend f celebratin with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making Yurself a Perfect Chef
D. Cking Well fr Less
27.【2018全国卷I阅读理解C篇】
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld’s languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin (消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers), Chiapanec in Mexic (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (tw r three) r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
31. What is the main idea f the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peple’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human develpment results in fewer languages.
D. Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
28.【2018全国卷II阅读理解D篇】
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
What’s the prblem? It’s pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It’s mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because it’s awkward and challenging, r we think it’s annying and unnecessary. But the next time yu find yurself amng strangers, cnsider that small talk is wrth the truble. Experts say it’s an invaluable scial practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimprtant is easy, but we can’t frget that deep relatinships wuldn’t even exist if it weren’t fr casual cnversatin. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) fr scial cmmunicatin, says Bernard Carducci, directr f the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Sutheast. “Almst every great lve stry and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, assciate prfessr f psychlgy at UBC, invited peple n their way int a cffee shp. One grup was asked t seek ut an interactin (互动) with its waiter; the ther, t speak nly when necessary. The results shwed that thse wh chatted with their server reprted significantly higher psitive feelings and a better cffee shp experience. “It’s nt that talking t the waiter is better than talking t yur husband,” say Dunn. “But interactins with peripheral (边缘的) members f ur scial netwrk matter fr ur well-being als.”
Dunn believes that peple wh reach ut t strangers feel a significantly greater sense f belnging, a bnd with thers. Carducci believes develping such a sense f belnging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis f gd manners,” he says.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cnversatin CuntsB. Ways f Making Small Talk
C. Benefits f Small TalkD. Uncmfrtable Silence
29.【2018全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
30.【2018全国卷III阅读理解D篇】
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre is mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
I fund the pre-hlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate less-used things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金）(ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr)
Fr weeks, I’ve been thinking f bigger, deeper questins: Hw d we make it a habit fr them? And hw d we train urselves t help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my sn, Shepherd, determined t test my wn thery n this. I decided t play with him with nly ne ty fr as lng as it wuld keep his interest. I expected that ne ty wuld keep his attentin fr abut five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chse a red rubber ball — simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried t put it in his muth, he tried buncing it, rlling it, sitting n it, thrwing it. It was ttally, cmpletely enugh fr him. Befre I knew it an hur had passed and it was time t mve n t lunch.
We bth became absrbed in the simplicity f playing tgether. He had my full attentin and I had his. My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.
35.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Take It r Leave ItB. A Lessn frm Kids
C. Live Mre with LessD. The Pleasure f Giving
31.【2018浙江卷阅读理解B篇】
Steven Stein likes t fllw garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when yu cnsider that he’s an envirnmental scientist wh studies hw t reduce litter, including things that fall ff garbage trucks as they drive dwn the rad. What is even mre interesting is that ne f Stein’s jbs is defending an industry behind the plastic shpping bag.
Americans use mre than 100 billin thin film plastic bags every year. S many end up in tree branches r alng highways that a grwing number f cities d nt allw them at checkuts (收银台). The bags are prhibited in sme 90 cities in Califrnia, including Ls Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein t make the case that their prducts are nt as bad fr the planet as mst peple assume.
Amng the bag makers’ arguments: many cities with bans still allw shppers t purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require mre energy t prduce and transprt. And while plastic bags may be ugly t lk at, they represent a small percentage f all garbage n the grund tday.
The industry has als taken aim at the prduct that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shpping bags. The strnger a reusable bag is, the lnger its life and the mre plastic-bag use it cancels ut. Hwever, lnger-lasting reusable bags ften require mre energy t make. One study fund that a cttn bag must be used at least 131 times t be better fr the planet than plastic.
Envirnmentalists dn’t dispute (质疑) these pints. They hpe paper bags will be banned smeday t and want shppers t use the same reusable bags fr years.
27. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Plastic, Paper r Neither
B. Industry, Pllutin and Envirnment
C. Recycle r Thrw Away
D. Garbage Cllectin and Waste Cntrl
32.【2018浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
I start every summer with the best f intentins: t attack ne big bk frm the past, a classic that I was suppsed t have read when yung and ambitius. Often the pairings f bks and settings have been purely accidental: “Mby Dick” n a three-day crss-cuntry train trip; “The Magic Muntain” in a New England beachside cttage with n lcks n the drs, n telephnes r televisins in the rms, and little t d beynd rw n the salt pnd. Attempting “The Man Withut Qualities” n a return t Hawaii, my native state, hwever, was less fruitful: I made it thrugh ne and a quarter vlumes (册), then decided that I’d gt the pint and went swimming instead.
But this summer I find myself at a lss. I’m nt quite interested in Balzac, say, r “Tristram Shandy.” There’s always “War and Peace,” which I’ve cvered sme distance several times, nly t get bgged dwn in the “War” part, set it aside fr a while, and realize that I have t start ver frm the beginning again, having frgtten everyne’s name and scial rank. Hw appealing t simply fall back n a favrite — nce mre int “The Waves” r “Justine,” which feels almst like cheating, t exciting and t much fun t prperly belng in serius literature.
And then there’s Stendhal’s “The Red and the Black,” which happens t be the name f my favrite ccktail (鸡尾酒) f the summer, created by Michael Ceccni at Savy and Back Frty. It is easy t drink, and kncking back three r fur seems like such a delightful idea. Ceccni’s thery: “I take whatever’s fresh at the greenmarket and turn it int liquid.” The result is a pure sht f afternn in the park, making ne feel cheerful and peaceful all at nce, lying n uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating thrugh the lids...
30. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Bks f Summer B. My Summer Hlidays
C. T Read r Nt t Read D. It’s Never T Late t Read
1.【安徽省“江淮十校”2019-2020年高三上学期第一次联考】
Until the 1990s cffee was rarely served in China except at luxury htels aimed at freigners. When Starbucks pened its first utlet there in 1999, it was far frm clear that the cuntry’s avid tea-drinkers wuld take t such a different-and usually mre cstly- surce f caffeine. Starbucks tried t attract custmers unused t cffee’s bitter taste by prmting milk and sugar-heavy cncctins(调和) such as Frappuccins.
But cffee has becme fashinable amng the middle class in China. Starbucks nw has abut 3, 800 utlets in China- mre than in any ther cuntry utside America. Statista, a business-intelligence prtal(门户网站), says the rast cffee market in China is grwing by mre than10 %year. Starbucks and its rivals see big pprtunities fr expanding there.
S t, hwever, d hme-grwn cmpetitrs. A majr new presence is Luckin Cffee, Beijing- based chain. Since its funding less than tw years ag, it has pened mre than 2,300 utlets. On May 17th Luckin’s initial public ffering n the Nasdaq stckmarket raised mre than $570m, giving it a value f abut $4bn.
Luckin’s remarkable grwth is sign f change. N lnger d Chinese cnsumers see cffee as such a luxury. Mst f Luckin’s utlets are merely kisks where busy white-cllar wrkers pick up their drinks, having rdered them nline. Super-fast delivery can als be arranged thrugh the cmpany’s app. Independent cffee shps are springing up. The grwth is striking given the cuntry’s reputatin fr its tea-drinking culture where many residents like t relax in teahuses sipping tea served gracefully.
But the tw markets are different. The teahuses tend t cater t lder peple wh like t spend lng hurs playing mahjng and gssiping. At the cffee shps it is rare t see anyne ver 40. Yung peple use them fr scialising, but much f their interactin is nline -sharing phts f their drinks and f the cffee-making equipment. An ptin n the Chinese rating app Dianping allws users t search fr wanghng ("internet viral") cffee huses: nes with particularly phtgenic decr(照片装饰) Where better t sip and We Chat?
31. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cffee is taking ff in China. B. Tea-drinking is nt ppular.
C. Cffee r tea, which d yu prefer? D. Cffee has becme peple’s favrite in China.
2.【安徽省“江淮十校”2019-2020年高三上学期第一次联考】
Older wmen wh walk a little ver three kilmeters each day might live lnger than less active wmen f the same age, a new study suggests.
Many Americans hping t stay healthy set a daily gal f 10, 000 steps, r abut eight kilmeters. They ften have this gal because they are wearing electrnic devices which set that target, nte researchers in the United States. Their findings appeared recently in the publicatin JAMA Internal Medicine.
But it is nt clear hw much intensity(强度)r speed matter when cunting the health benefits f every step, the researchers write. They add that 10,000 steps per day might nt be the right gal fr everyne.
Fr the study, researchers bserved 17,000 wmen, all in their early 70s. They asked the wmen t wear accelermeters fr at least fur days. Accelermeters are small devices that measure the number f steps and the intensity f mvement. The researchers fllwed up with the wmen much later, arund 4. 3 years later, n average. Since the beginning f the study, 504 wmen had died. Cmpared t wmen wh tk n mre than 2, 718 steps daily, the wmen wh tk at least 4,363 steps per day were 41 percent less likely t die.
“Even a mdest amunt f steps is assciated with lwer death rates, "said I-Min Lee, the lead writer f a reprt n the study. "The rate f stepping did nt matter in these lder wmen: it was the number f steps that mattered.
The study had a few limitatins. Fr example, the researchers nly measured wmen’s mvements nce, at the start f the study perid. It is pssible that the wmen’s behavirs changed ver time. Still, the results are "gd news fr lder adults wh may have difficulty walking at faster paces, "said Keith Diaz, a researcher at Clumbia University. He was nt invlved in the study.
“Any walking is better than nthing, " Diaz said by email. "With even small amunts f walking, yur risk f death will be sharply reduced "Fr thse wh have difficulty walking, ther research shws that any frm f aerbic activity prvides health benefits," he added. "Swimming, bicycling r any frm f activity that is cntinuus in nature will prvide health benefits.
32. What cnclusin can we cme t frm the text?
A. Peple wh walk abut 10,000 steps can live lnger.
B. 10,000 steps per day might be the right gal fr peple.
C. The mre steps ne walks per day, the lnger life he may live.
D. The number f steps is imprtant fr a lng life amng lder wmen.
3.【2020届8月贵州省贵阳市普通高中高三摸底】
As the ld saying ges, “Dn’t judge a bk by its cver.” And neither shuld we judge mvie stars by their ages. At just 21, Elle Fanning made histry by becming the yungest jury (评审团) member at the Cannes Film Festival. This year it lasted frm May 14th t May 25th. “I was in cmplete shck when I gt that phne call and that questin if I wanted t be a member f the Cannes Jury,” Fanning said during a press cnference.
As it turned ut, it nt nly shcked the US actress, but als brught criticism frm thse wh believed Fanning was t yung cmpared t ther veterans in the industry. But Fanning’s acting experience was in fact a gd argument fr her jury membership. In fact, Fanning has been a Hllywd fixture fr lnger than yu realize.
The 21-year-ld has been in many big prductins. She began acting in I Am Sam at age 2. With lead rles in mvies like Super 8, We Bught a Z and Maleficent under her belt (取得成功) , she’s appeared in 60 prjects and is ne f Hllywd’s httest yung stars. Fanning’s devtin t wrk numbers her amng the few frmer child stars wh cntinue t act as adults.
In her latest mvie Teen Spirit, which hit US cinemas last mnth, Fanning plays a pp singer. Since she had n singing experience, Fanning had t wrk with Grammy-winning music prducer Marius de Vries fr three mnths befre the filming started. “I wuld g t his apartment and sing thrugh all the sngs every day,” she said. “He videed me and recrded me singing everything and made me watch it back again and again t imprve my skills.”
With such rich acting experience and devtin t her art, “Fanning certainly was able t represent a new class in film” at the Cannes Film Festival.
4. 【河北省张家口市2021届高三期末】
When "irregardless" was included in Merriam-Webster dictinary, it caused wide disagreements. “Irregardless” has been in widespread and near-cnstant use since 1795, when a newspaper called The Charlestn City Gazelle f Charlestn Ga., first used it. We d nt make the English language, we merely recrd it,“ the dictinary's staff wrte in “Wrds f the Week”.
The wrd's definitin, when we read it, wuld seem t be withut regard. Hwever, Merriam-Webster defines "irregardless" as “nnstandard” but meaning the same as “regardless”. Accrding t Merriam-Webster, "Many peple find 'irregardless' t be a ridiculus wrd, as the ir-prefix usually indicates negative meaning; hwever, in this case it appears t make the meaning f ' regardless’ strnger. "
“It's nt a real wrd. I dn't care what the dictinary says,” respnds authr Michelle Ray, wh teaches English in Silver Spring, Md. And she says she's still planning t mark “irregardless" as incrrect n her students' wrk.
An American newspaper the Baltimre Sun published the wrd in editr Jhn McIntyre's cmmentary n Saturday: Irregardless' is t a wrd; yu just dn't understand dictinaries. Peple get upset abut the dictinary because they think it is sme srt f fficial dcument. But actually, it's nt. It's just lexicgraphers identifying wrds that peple use and trying t find ut hw they are spelled, hw they are prnunced, what meanings they have and where they came frm. "
“The dictinary's recgnitin desn't enrll a wrd as crrect in the English language,“ McIntyre says. "It just says this is a wrd that a lt f peple use in English. And here's what we knw abut it. " S it's a wrd, but its use is still discuraged in frmal writing.
11．What is the best title fr the text?
A．"Irregardless" Is Frequently Used in Frmal Writing
B．Experts Can't Agree n the Meaning f “Irregardless"
C．" Irregardlee" Shuldn't be Included in the Dictinary
D．Regardless f What Yu Think, “Irregardless" Is a Wrd
5. 【河北省实验中学2021届高三月考】
Victr Frankl，the authr f Mans Search far Meaning，nce wrte，"'Everything can be taken frm a persn but ne thing： the last f human freedms-t chse ne's attitude in any given set f circumstances．" Frankl was right．Attitude is a chice．Yu culd be faced with a thusand prblems，many r mst ver which yu have abslutely n cntrl．Hwever，there is always ne thing yu are in cmplete and abslute cntrl f and that is yur wn attitude．
T be hnest，it wasn't until I was in my late 20s that I finally understd its full impact．All thrugh my teens and int my early adult life，I can't tell yu the number f times that I heard，"Bb，if yu'd just change yur attitude， yu wuld d a lt better" At that time，I didn't knw what attitude was，let alne knw hw t change it!
Attitude and results are inseparable，They fllw ne anther as night fllws day．One is the cause，while the ther，the result．There is a term we use t distinguish this "cause and effect " relatinship，which is called The Law f Cause and Effect．Simply stated，if yu think in negative terms，yu will get negative results；if yu think in psitive terms，yu will achieve psitive results．Sme peple always see wrng things in the wrld．These individuals are quick t blame circumstances r ther peple fr their prblems，rather than accepting respnsibility fr their life and their attitude．Thus，it wuld appear as if they were brn with bad luck and it has fllwed them arund their whle life．Hwever，there are thers wh are frever winning and living the gd life．They are the real mvers and shakers wh make things happen．They seem t g frm ne majr accmplishment t anther．They're in cntrl f their life．Their wins are a matter f chice．
Yu can experience that kind f life as well，yu nly need t decide．Drthea Brand nce said，"Act as if it were impssible t fail，" and I challenge yu t d s．By simply becming aware that yu can chse yur thughts each and every day， yu will change yur entire utlk． Yu have the pwer t chse an abundant life n matter what yur circumstances are．Dn't wait t experience all the wnderful things the universe has in stre fr yu．Start tday by wrking n yur attitude and welcme the abundant life that yu are meant t lead．
11．What is the writer's message cnveyed in this passage？ ______
A．Winning is a matter f cntrl．
B．Success begins with psitive attitude．
C．Bad attitude results in bad results．
D．Attitude and results are inseparable．
6.【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】
Andrew Grey desn’t fit mst peple’s idea f an astrnmer. He wrks in a car repair shp, nt in a lab r university, yet the Australian repairman discvered a star system hiding in data frm NASA’s Kepler space telescpe.
Mr. Grey is ne f millins f citizen scientists helping researchers t expand cllective understanding. Fr centuries, nly a few rdinary peple had been cntributing t science, but advances in technlgy have brught a higher level f demcratizatin (民主化) t science.
“This is a cllabrative (合作的) effrt that anyne culd get invlved in,” says Chris Lincln, an Oxfrd University astrphysicist (天体物理学家) and cfunder f Zniverse, a platfrm that hsts dzens f citizen science prjects. Citizen scientists can cntribute t breakthrughs in almst any field, frm eclgy t astrphysics.
“As lng as pattern recgnitin is invlved, there are n limits t what can becme a citizen science prject,” Dr. Lintn says. “Anyne can identify patterns in images, graphs, r even seemingly bring data after a shrt tutrial. Machine learning allws cmputers t d sme pattern recgnitin. But humans, particularly amateur scientists, dn’t stay fcused n what they’re suppsed t. And that’s gd, because peple wh d that ntice the unusual things in s data set.
“And citizen science desn’t have t be directed by a scientist,” says Sheila Jasanff, directr f the Prgram n Science, Technlgy and Sciety at Harvard University. “Citizens prducing knwledge in places where fficial rgans have failed then can als be citizen scientists,” she says. That’s what happened in Flint, Michigan, when a lcal mther started drinking water tests that caused a brader investigatin f lead levels.
Citizen-pwered research is as ld as scientific inquiry. Fr centuries befre science became prfessinalized, regular peple lked fr patterns in the wrld arund them. Despite a lt f advanced equipment and cmputer mdels, scientists still welcme help frm everyday peple.
As a prfessinal scientist himself, Linttt says, “Peple think that were intelligent, but science is easy and we need yur help.”
11．What wuld be the best title f the text?
A．Citizen scientists can be intelligent.B．Science is imprtant t everyne.
C．Anyne can be a scientist.D．Science is everywhere.
7.【河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】
Fr many white-cllar wrkers arund the wrld, the recent pandemic has meant having t wrk frm hme. Their usual ffice lcatin has been ut f bunds . This means different wrking practices, which have advantages and disadvantages fr emplyees. But the big questin is, “Will they ever see their ffices again?”
Hme wrking has made peple realize what tasks they can perfrm at hme, rather than enduring a cmmute t the ffice t d the same thing. It has given them mre time with the family; they’ve been sleeping better and have saved mney by nt travelling r buying lunches n the g . And recent research suggests the majrity f peple wrking frm hme are just as prductive.
Fr sme peple, this culd be a permanent arrangement. In the UK, fifty f the biggest emplyers questined by BBC, have said they have n plans t return all staff t the ffice full-time in the near future. Of curse, ne main reasn is that firms culdn’t see a way f accmmdating large numbers f staff while scial distancing regulatins were still in place. But BBC als heard frm sme smaller businesses wh are deciding t abandn their ffices altgether. Other bigger cmpanies are als lking at shutting ffices t save mney as many jbs can be perfrmed remtely. Peter Cheese, head f the Chartered Institute f Persnnel and Develpment, tld BBC: “We’re at a mment f real change in the wrld f wrk, driven by big existential crises. ”
But this isn’t great news fr everyne. Sme emplyees can feel islated at hme, and there’s less pprtunity t netwrk r learn frm ther peple, especially if they’re a new recruit . Als, city centers may suffer mst frm a change in wrking habits. Shps and cafes rely n the ftfall f ffice wrkers, and withut them, they face clsure. The future is still uncertain, which is why tt may be t early t say where ur desks will be permanently lcated. But the ffice f the future may be yur hme.
31．What culd be the best title fr this text?
A．Des Wrking Frm Hme Benefit a Lt?
B．Will Offices Disappear in the Future?
C．The Usual Office Lcatin Has Been ut f Bunds
D．Different Wrking Practices Have Advantages and Disadvantages
8.【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】
A lecture hall shuld be like a church-a little t dark, much t cld, and uncmfrtably silent. Yu shuld feel guilty pening yur water bttle, because all 200 peple in the rm can hear it.
S when I’m trying t pay attentin, the last thing yu shuld be ding is carrying n a cnversatin abut yur last weekend party r anything else.
During the past schl term, I’ve had enugh. One f my biggest cmplaints f large class sizes is the tendency fr three t five friends t sit tgether and ludly whisper each thers’ ears ff fr an hur and 15 minutes straight. My stupid mnkey brain can’t help but fcus n yur cnversatin abut the difference between ash blnde and light blnde clred hair that lk exactly the same.
T me, it just feels like a waste. Yu’re actively wasting mney, and missing vital infrmatin. We(and the gvernment)pay quite a lt fr ur educatin, but yu are here t ignre smene significantly mre experienced than us, in classes we picked, fr hurs every week.
I knw majr requirements can be bring, but this is still an educatin. It requires tw-way effrt. Mst f students here have at least ne gal in cmmn: success. Nt every checkpint n that path is ging t be filled with jy. Sit dwn, shut up, and frce yurself t listen t yur prfessr. Sciety tells us it will eventually pay ff.
Or maybe it wn’t because yu dn’t want t.
I actually dn’t care if yu decide t pay little r n attentin t the lecture itself, s lng as yu’re nt being disturbing.
Fr thse willing t try, in 20 years when yu finally pay ff yur debt with yur fairly secure white-cllar jb, yu’ll lk back and be happy that yu went thrugh the lectures.
15．What may be the best title fr the text?
A．Hard Wrk Pays Off!
B．Fcus n the Lectures!
C．Wasting Yur Time Is a Shame!
D．Mind Yur In-Class Behavir!
9.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】
Real financial security and freedm is nt in ur jb but in ur passin. It’s easy t define and evaluate a man by his pursue Jseph Campbell nce said, “Fllw yur dream and the universe will pen drs where there are nly walls.”
In life, we’ll always be fund ding any f these tw things: either making a living r making a difference. Pensins (养老金)and salaries stp many frm pursuing excellence while passin unlcks hidden ptentials that equip us fr challenges and pprtunities. A jb helps us make a living while passin enables us t make a difference.
I want t sincerely help t adjust and clarify the misguided belief amng wrkers that a jb is a means f livelihd. Rather, it shuld be a means t fuel ur passin. The earlier yu realize this basic truth f life, the mre clearly yu'll be able t psitin yurself in living a life f impact and value.
The success f Kentucky Fried Chicken（KFC）shws hw meaningful it is t pursue yur passin instead f yur pensin. Its funder, Clnel Harland Sanders, didn’t realize this until he was given his first scial security check f 105 dllars. But he decided that there surely was smething t d fr himself and ther peple instead f living n that small pensin. He was determined t engage himself in what brught him impact and value. Drawing inspiratin frm his mther's special recipe fr fried chicken, he invented “finger-licking” seasning with eleven spices and herbs. Despite much rejectin, he managed t rund up sme investrs and prmte cmpany's rapid expansin t mre than 6,000 lcatins. Sanders’ life pinted twards tw facts abut making a difference: ne, there is n age that is t ld t make a difference; tw, there is nthing t small r insignificant t make a difference with, as lng as it is yur passin.
11．What is the best title fr this text?
A．Passin r Pensin?
B．Fllwing Yur Dreams
C．Wrking fr Pensin
D．T Wrk r nt t Wrk?
10.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】
What d yu d when nbdy is arund t take yur picture? Yu take a selfie (拍照) .But what abut selfies in space? On Twitter last year, NASA astrnaut Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, wh famusly became the secnd man t walk n the mn in July 1969, laid claim t a spaceflight first taking the first selfie in space during the Gemini XII missin in 1966.
“Fr me, it needs t be digital t be selfie,” argues Jennifer Levasseur, wh is in charge f the Smithsnian Natinal Air and Space Museum. Accrding t Levasseur, the cncept f a selfie is directly linked t Internet culture and human desire t interact n scial platfrms. “The thing that makes a selfie is sharing it,” she says.
Still, astrnauts have been carrying cameras abrad space vehicles since the 1960s ,and they've taken plenty f pictures f themselves alng the way. Astrnauts had t pull the film magazines ut and leave their cameras behind when they returned t Earth because early space missins were restricted by a cnservative weight limit n the return trip.
A big change in space camera technlgy came after sad lss f the space shuttle Clumbia wh brke apart n its return t Earth in 2003. “Fearing that they wuld never be able t bring the film back frm space and lse all that hard wrk celebrated the push fr digital.” Levasseur says.
Tday astrnauts can have access t the Internet and scial platfrms in space and pst true based selfies taken by digital cameras. Taking selfies and sharing them n scial media is a way that astrnauts in space can participate in the same activities peple n Earth d every day. The first astrnaut selfie that went viral(网红的) n the internet was ne by Japanese astrnaut Akihik Hshide in 2012.
15．What is the best title fr the text?
A．The Explratin f Space.B．The Histry f Selfies in Space.
C．The Change in Space Camera Technlgy.D．The Develpment in Space Technlgy.
11.【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】
Maurice Drun f the French Academy nce prpsed that French shuld be made the principal legal language f the Eurpean Unin (EU). He argued that its lgic and precisin made it the excellent judicial language. Others laughed. Hw very French f him!
The French are hardly alne in believing that their language is especially petic, emtinal. lgical, precise, accessible r rich. But it turns ut that the things peple prize in their wn languages can ften be the same things freign learners hate. Take the frmal-infrmal distinctin in wrds fr "yu". German and French have du and tu fr friends and family, and sie and vus fr unknwn adults and frmal speech. Natives f thse languages miss that distinctin when speaking English. Thse whse languages (like English) dn't make it in the first place ften resent having this chice frced n them in French r German.
Linguists(语言学家）believe that languages differ nt in what they can express, but in what they must. Given the time and willingness t explain r invent basic terms, any language culd be used t talk abut anything. But they vary wildly in what they insist speakers say, with the tu-yus distinctin being just the tip f the iceberg Wash, a native language f Nevada, has fur past and three future tenses, depending n hw distant an event is in time. Tariana, frm Brazil, has “evidentiality”：speakers chse ne f five verb-endings t shw hw they knw what they state t be true. Jarawara, als frm Brazil, distinguishes “we (including yu)"and “we (withut yu)".
Languages, R M.W. Dixn f James Ck University in Australia says, are like a Western-style huse. There are a few rms yu must have (kitchen, bedrm, living rm, bathrm), and sme ptinal (ffice, guest rm). On a fixed budget, we can't have all the extras. As t which language is a “best” ne, he thinks we shuld make ur wn list f desirable features, and then clsely examine a few languages t decide whether ne has mre f them than anther. But the list f advantages is itself a matter f judgment.
11．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Which language is the best? Yu decide
B．Are Eurpean languages superir? Yu bet
C．Are mre cmplicated languages mre precise?
D．Which language shuld be the judicial language f the EU?
12.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
Mst peple think that wmen are naturally kind, cry t much and think with their hearts, instead f using their heads like men. Meanwhile, men are thught t be brn t be ratinal creatures wh naturally knw hw t lead and d math. Hwever, statistics n persnality types reprt that 75. 5% f wmen are Feelers and 56. 5% f men are Thinkers. S, right nw we see that a huge number f men abut 43%- -have Feeling preferences.
Accrding t these numbers, nly 25% f wmen are Thinkers. A majrity f wmen tested are Feelers, but are a majrity f wmen brn as Feelers? In many regards, wmen are still expected t uphld the feminine(女性的) gals f half a century ag- stay pretty, have babies, keep a tidy hme, and ck a gd nutritius meal every night. Nw, in additin t thse ld standards, mst wmen plan n wrking and having careers. But even in the wrkplace, shwing a Thinking preference can be prblematic. Wmen wh take charge r ffer criticism may be seen 88 bssy,
Of curser the questin ges t the Thinking men. Bys learn at a yung age that being emtinal r sensitive can be seen t be less strng. They have been taught nt t cry t shw that they are brave enugh t bear any sufferings. In that case, they are mre likely t be less f Feelers.
Maybe Feeler wmen and Thinker men are nt naturally 80.
There is nthing wrng with being a Feeler wman r a Thinker man. Being a Feeler des nt mean that yu're a rllercaster f emtins wh might knck ver a table at any mment, nr des being a Thinker mean that yu are an infallible rbt designed t make heartless decisins. Regardless f gender. yur persnality and preferences are cmpletely valid; neither Thinking nr Feeling is right r wrng, gd r bad. And f curse, peple, wh prefer a Thinking style still have feelings, and Feelers can be extremely intelligent.
11．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Des Persnality Change Over the Time?
B．Is Persnality Only Determined by Gender?
C．Are Feeler Wmen and Thinker Men Brn t Be S?
D．Can Feelers and Thinkers Get On Well With Each Other?
13.【海南省海南中学2021届高三模拟】
While many f us may have been away smewhere nice last summer, few wuld say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a nun, mre precisely, a verbed nun.
Way back in ur childhd, we all learned the difference between a nun and a verb. With such a tidy definitin, it was easy t spt the difference. Nt s in adulthd, where we are expected t “ft” bills, “chair” cmmittees, and “dialgue” with plitical ppnents. Chances are yu didn’t feel uncmfrtable abut the sight f thse verbed nuns.
“The verbing f nuns is as ld as the English language,” says Patricia O’Cnner, a frmer editr at The New Yrk Times Bk Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent f all English verbs were riginally nuns. And the phenmenn seems t be snwballing. Since 1900, abut 40 percent f all new verbs have cme frm nuns.
Even thugh cnversin (转化) is quite universal, plenty f grammarians bject t the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B．White, in The Elements f Style — the Bible fr the use f American English — have this t say: “Many nuns lately have been pressed int service as verbs. Nt all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicag Manual f Style takes a similar standpint, advising writers t use verbs with great care.
“Smetimes peple bject t a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar t them,” says O’Cnner. That’s why we’re cmfrtable “hsting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thught f “medaling” in sprts. S are there any rules fr verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, cpy chief at Randm Huse, desn’t ffer a rule, but suggests that peple think twice abut “verbifying” a nun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing ppular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but nt silly-sunding, he says.
In the end, hwever, style is subjective. Easy cnversin f nuns t verbs has been part f English grammar fr centuries; it is ne f the prcesses that make English “English.” Nt every cinage (新创的词语) passes int general use, but as fr trying t end verbing altgether, frget it.
15．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Are 40 Percent f all new verbs frm nuns？
B．Are Summering and Medaling Annying?
C．Are Yu Cmfrtable abut a New Verb?
D．Are There Any Rules fr Verbing
14.【福建省龙岩一中2021届高三模拟】
By nw yu’ve prbably heard abut the “yu’re nt special” speech, when English teacher David McCullugh tld graduating senirs at Wellesley High Schl: “D nt get the idea yu’re anything special, because yu’re nt.” Mthers and fathers present at the ceremny — and a whle lt f ther parents acrss the Internet — tk issue with McCullugh’s eg-puncturing wrds. But lst in the uprar was smething we really shuld be taking t heart: ur yung peple actually have n idea whether they’re particularly talented r accmplished r nt. In ur eagerness t elevate their self-esteem, we frgt t teach them hw t realistically assess their wn abilities, a crucial requirement fr getting better at anything frm math t music t sprts. In fact, it’s nt just privileged high-schl students: we all tend t view urselves as abve average.
Such inflated self-judgments have been fund in study after study, and it’s ften exactly when we’re least cmpetent at a given task that we rate ur perfrmance mst generusly. In a 2006 study published in the jurnal Medical Educatin, fr example, medical students wh scred the lwest n an essay test were the mst charitable in their self-evaluatins, while high-scring students judged themselves much mre strictly. Pr students, the authrs nte, “lack insight” int their wn inadequacy. Why shuld this be? Anther study, led by Crnell University psychlgist David Dunning, ffers an enlightening explanatin. Peple wh are incmpetent, he writes with cauthr Justin Kruger, suffer frm a “dual burden”: they’re nt gd at what they d, and their very incapability prevents them frm recgnizing hw bad they are.
In Dunning and Kruger’s study, subjects scring at the bttm f the heap n tests f lgic, grammar and humr “extremely verestimated” their talents. What these individuals lacked (in additin t clear lgic, prper grammar and a sense f humr) was “metacgnitive skill”: the capacity t mnitr hw well they’re perfrming. In the absence f that capacity, the subjects arrived at an verly hpeful view f their wn abilities. There’s a paradx here, the authrs nte: “The skills that lead t cmpetence in a particular dmain are ften the very same skills necessary t evaluate cmpetence in that dmain.” In ther wrds, t get better at judging hw well we’re ding at an activity, we have t get better at the activity itself.
There are a cuple f ways ut f this duble bind. First, we can learn t make hnest cmparisns with thers. Train yurself t recgnize excellence, even when yu yurself dn’t pssess it, and cmpare what yu can d against what truly excellent individuals are able t accmplish. Secnd, seek ut feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic wh will tell yu nt nly hw prly yu’re ding, but just what it is that yu’re ding wrng. As Dunning and Kruger nte, success indicates t us that everything went right, but failure is mre ambiguus: any number f things culd have gne wrng. Use this external feedback t figure ut exactly where and when yu screwed up.
If we adpt these strategies — and mst imprtantly, teach them t ur children — they wn’t need parents, r a cmmencement (毕业典礼) speaker, t tell them that they’re special. They’ll already knw that they are, r have a plan t get that way.
12．Which can be the best title f this passage?
A．Special r Nt? Teach Kids T Figure It Out
B．Let’s Admit That We Are Nt That Special
C．Tips On Making Ourselves Mre Special
D．Tell The Truth: Kids Overestimate their Talents
15.【辽宁省鞍山市鞍钢高级中学2021届高三一模】
The annual marathn in my twn ccurred as scheduled. My jb was t fllw behind the runners in an ambulance in case any f them needed medical attentin. As the athletes began t pace themselves, the frnt runners started t disappear. It was then that my eyes were drawn t the wman in blue running shrts and a baggy white T-shirt.
I knew we were already watching ur “last runner”. Her feet were turned in, yet her left knee was turned ut. Her legs were s crippled ( 跛足的 ) and bent that it seemed impssible fr her t walk, let alne run a marathn.
The driver and I watched in silence as she slwly mved frward. We wuld mve frward a little bit, then stp and wait fr her t gain sme distance. Then we’d slwly mve frward a little bit mre. As I watched her struggle t put ne ft in frnt f the ther, I fund myself breathing fr her and urging her frward. I wanted her t stp, and at the same time, I prayed that she wuldn’t.
Finally, she was the nly runner left in sight. I sat n the edge f my seat and watched with respect and amazement as she pushed frward with sheer determinatin thrugh the last miles. When the finish line came int sight, the cheering crwds had lng gne hme. Yet, standing straight and prud waited a man. He was hlding ne end f a ribbn tied t a pst. She slwly crssed thrugh, leaving bth ends f the ribbn fluttering (飘动) behind her.
I dn’t knw this wman’s name, but that day she became a part f my life — a part I ften depend n.
Fr her, it wasn’t abut beating the ther runners r winning a prize. It was abut finishing what she had set ut t d. When I think things are t difficult r I get thse “I-just-can’t-d-it,” I think f the last runner. Then I realize hw easy the task befre me really is.
3．What culd be the best title fr the text?
A．A Crippled Wman.B．An Unfrgettable Jb.
C．The Last Runner.D．The Annual Marathn.