新高考英语一轮复习练习考向13 状语从句（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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when/while/as引导的时间状语从句
一、when引导的时间状语从句
1. when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
When yu apply fr a jb, yu must present yur credentials. 当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。（同时）
When the students heard the teacher’s ftsteps, they all atpped talking. 当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。（从句动作发生在前）
2. when还可表示just then（正在那时，突然）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。
be abut t d ... when ... 正要去做某事，突然……
be ding ... when ... 正在做某事，突然……
be n the pint f ding ... when ... 正在做某事，突然……
We were abut t start when it began t rain. 我们正要动身，突然天下起雨来。
The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。
二、while引导的时间状语从句
while表示＂在某一段时间里＂或＂在……期间＂，其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。
When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and tk ntes. 当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。
I can learn while I wrk. 我可以边工作边学习。
三、as引导的时间状语从句
as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的，而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作交替或同时发生，译为＂一边……，一边……＂或＂随着……＂。
We were having breakfast as she was cmbing her hair. 她梳头时我们在吃早饭。
It will warm up a little bit n Sunday as the cld frnt passes. 寒流一过，星期日就会有点暖意了。
【典例分析】
1.（2016· 全国新课标卷III·语法填空）Over time, 45 the ppulatin grew, peple began cutting fd int small pieces s it wuld ck mre quickly.
【参考答案】as/when
【答案解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为＂当……的时候＂，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。
2. It’s much easier t make friends ________ yu have similar interests.
A. unless B. when C. even thugh D. s that
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查状语从句。由句意＂当你们兴趣相投时，交朋友就容易多了＂可知，这里应该用when引导时间状语从句。
befre引导的时间状语从句
一、befre的常见意思
1. befre＂在……之前＂。
I have finished my dissertatin befre my supervisr went abrad. 在我的导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。
I’ll be back befre yu have left. 你离开之前我就会回来。
2. befre＂……之后才＂。
It may be many years befre we meet again. 可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。
It was three days befre he came back. 他三天后才回来。
3. befre ＂尚未来得及 ＂
Befre she culd mve, she heard a lud nise, which grew t a terrible rar. 她还没有来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。
Befre they reached the huse, a new great wave came, sweeping dwn trees, and sweeping them dwn t. 他们还没到屋子，又一个巨浪打来，冲倒了树，也冲倒了他们。
4. befre ＂要……先……＂
Yu shuld be a pupil befre yu becme a teacher. 要当老师，先作学生。
5. befre＂趁……＂
Yu shuld d it befre it is t late. 趁现在还不算太晚，你应该赶快做它。
二、掌握热点句型用法
1. it was（nt）/had dne＋一段时间＋befre（vt-ed）…＂还要过多久才……（不多久就……了）＂
It was nt lng befre he returned t Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。
It was lng befre he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。
2.it will（nt）be＋一段时间＋befre（一般式）… ＂还要过多久才……（不多久就……了）＂
It will be lng befre he ges abrad. 要过很久他才出国。
3.there is +一段时间+t g（=left）＋befre（一般式）... ＂在……之前＂
4.lng befre ＂不久前＂, 用于一般过去时和完成时中；befre lng = sn/nt lng after ＂不久后＂，用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。
【典例分析】
1. We need t get t the rt f the prblem ______________ we can slve it.
A. whileB. after
C. befreD. as
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查时间状语从句的连接词。句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A. while当……的时候，而；B. after在……之后；C. befre 在……之前；D. as正如。根据句意可知选C。
2. It ________ lng befre we ________ the result f the experiment.
A. will nt be；will knw B. is；will knw
C. will nt be；knw D. is；knw
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：不会过很长一段时间我们就会知道实验结果。应使用It was nt lng befre的创新句型It will nt be lng befre，befre引导时间状语从句时，从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
as sn as/nce/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句
as sn as 是最常见的表示＂一……就……＂的从属连词，其他连词还有nce（一旦），directly（老式英国英语），immediately（主要用于英国英语），instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the mment(that)等，它们通常都可与as sn as换用。
As sn as we gt hme, the telephne rang. 我们一到家，电话就响了。
I recgnized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就认出她来了。
Directly the teacher came in everyne was quiet. 老师一进来，大家就静了下来。
引导的时间状语从句
和n 的意思是＂刚……就＂，它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。
He had n sner (n sner had he) arrived hme than he was asked t start n anther jurney. 他刚一到家，就又要他出另一次差。
★ hardly/barely/scarcely和n sner置于句首时，从句要倒装。
N sner had the wrds been spken than he realized that he shuld have remained silent. 这些话刚一出口，他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。
since引导的时间状语从句
在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时。
We’ve never met since we graduated frm the cllege. 大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。
Great changes have taken place since yu left. 你走了以后，这里发生了巨大的变化。
【典例分析】
1.（2017·天津卷·完形填空）She had been talking t her mther abut the lives f hmeless peple 42 they first saw the hmeless man.
A. sinceB. unlessC. althugh D. as
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查连词。A. since自从；B. unless除非；C. althugh尽管；D. as因为。句意：自从他们第一次看到无家可归的人，Hannah就一直在跟她的妈妈说流浪者的生活，根据句意可知选A。
2. I have heard a lt f gd things abut yu I came back frm abrad.
A. since B. until C. befre D. when
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查状语从句。题干中主句谓语动词用现在完成时，从句中谓语动词用一般过去时，由题干意思可知所填词意思是：自从，因此用since引导时间状语从句。句意：自从我从国外回来后，我已经听说了很多关于你的好事。
till/until引导的时间状语从句
till和until同义，作＂直到……时(为止)＂解，till多用于非正式文体，until多用于句首。
Dnald will remain in cllege until (till) he finishes his Ph.D curse. 唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。
I wn’t g with yu until (till) I finished my hmewrk. 等我做完作业我才和你一起去。
注意：
nt until 置于句首，主句要倒装。
Nt until 4:00 in the mrning can he fall asleep.
直到凌晨4点他才睡着。(He can’t fall asleep until 4:00 in the mrning.)
Nt until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。 (We didn’t have supper until he returned.)
【典例分析】
（2017·北京卷·单项填空）If yu dn’t understand smething, yu may research, study, and talk t ther peple _______ yu figure it ut.
A. because B. thugh C. until D. since
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】A. because 因为 B. thugh尽管 C. until 直到 D. since自从。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习并和他人探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意可知选用until＂直到＂，选C。
each time/every time等引导的时间状语从句
这类连词主要有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次), by the time(当……的时候)。如：
Yu can call me any time yu want t. 你随时都可以给我打电话。
Each time I went there, I saw him wrking. 我每次去那儿都看见他在工作。
Every time I see her I’ll think f it. 每次我看到她，我就想起这事。
Next time yu cme in, please clse the dr. 下次你进来，请关门。
He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次见到他时他没告诉我。
The first time I heard abut the firm clsing dwn was when Gerge tld me.
我最初听到公司倒闭的消息是乔治告诉我的。
By the time, he was taken t the hspital he was nearly dead.
他被送到医院时已经几乎不行了。
注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。
考向二 让步状语从句
让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为＂尽管……即使……＂就是我们日常生活中用的＂退一步说……＂的感觉。
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：thugh, althugh, as; even if, even thugh; ; n matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。
1. althugh/thugh引导的让步状语从句
althugh和thugh，都作＂虽然；尽管＂解，通常可以换用，althugh的语气较重。如果要强调＂但是＂语气，可使用yet，still或nevertheless来表示＂但是＂、＂依然＂或＂然而＂之意。
Althugh they have been talking fr a lng time, he cannt make her believe him.
虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。
【典例分析】
We had t wait half an hur ________we had already bked a table.
A. sinceB. althughC. until D. befre
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】句意：尽管我们已经预定了桌子，但还是等了半小时。分析句子结构可知，此处是让步状语从句，所给四个选项中只有althugh可以引导让步状语从句。故选B。
2. even if/even thugh引导的让步状语从句
（1）even if引导的让步状语从句
even if ＂即使，纵然＂，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。
Even if it rains tmrrw, we wn’t change ur plan. 即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。
Even if I failed again, I will nt give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。
（2）even thugh引导的让步状语从句
even thugh＂虽然，尽管＂，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可以和althugh/thugh换用。
Even thugh I didn’t understand a wrd, I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。
Even thugh yu say s, I d nt believe it. 即使你这样说，我也不信。
【典例分析】
（2016·北京卷· 单项填空）My grandfather still plays tennis nw and then, _______________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as lng as B. as if C. even thugh D. in case
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查状语从句。句意：即使九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A. as lng as只要，引导条件状语从句；B. as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even thugh即使，引导让步状语从句；D. in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。
3. as引导的让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时，意为＂尽管，虽然＂，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此用法与thugh的倒装完全一致。(althugh无此用法)
Much as I admire his curage, I dn’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
Strng as yu maybe, yu cannt lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。
Child as he is, he is very brave. 尽管他还是个孩子，但是他很勇敢。
【典例分析】
1._________, his idea was accepted by all the peple at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sundB. As it might sund strange
C. As strange it might sundD. Strange as it might sund
2._________, Carlina culdn’t get the dr pen.
A. Try as she mightB. As she might try
C. She might as try D. Might she as try
【参考答案】1. D 2. A
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，以上两题都是有as引导的让步状语从句，因此要要倒装语序。
4. while引导的让步状语从句
while＂虽然，尽管＂，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于althugh。
While I understand yur pint f view, I d nt share it. 我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。
While I sympathize, I really can’t d very much t help. 虽然我很同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。
【典例分析】
（2016· 浙江卷· 单项填空）_____________ nline shpping has changed ur life, nt all f its effects have been psitive.
A. SinceB. AfterC. WhileD. Unless
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但不是所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为＂尽管，虽然＂；since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非。故选C。
5. 疑问词-ever与n matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句
（1）whatever/n matter what引导的让步状语从句
whatever和n matter what用法相同，都作＂无论什么＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whatever/N matter what he says, dn’t g. 不管他说什么，你都不要走。
We are determined t fulfill the task, whatever/n matter what happens. 不管发生什么，我们决心完成这项任务。
（2） whichever/n matter which引导的让步状语从句
whichever和n matter which用法相同，都作＂无论哪个＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whichever/N matter which yu buy, there is a six-mnth guarantee. 不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
Whichever/N matter which f the tw men had stlen her purse, Barbara was determined t find them. 不管是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉都决心找到他们。
（3）whever/n matter wh引导的让步状语从句
whever和n matter wh用法相同，都作＂无论谁＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Yu can’t cme in, whever yu are. 不管你是谁，都不能进来。
Whever/N matter wh wants t speak t me n the phne, tell him I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。
（4） wherever/n matter where引导的让步状语从句
wherever和n matter where用法相同，都作＂无论在（或到）哪里＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Wherever/N matter where yu g, I’m right here waiting fr yu. 无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。
（5）hwever/n matter hw引导的让步状语从句
hwever和n matter hw用法相同，都作＂无论如何……＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Hwever much yu regret ding that, there is nthing yu can d abut it nw. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事，现在也无济于事了。
Hwever high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。
（6） whenever/n matter when引导的让步状语从句
whenever和n matter when用法相同，都作＂无论何时＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴，他都给我鼓劲儿。
【典例分析】
1._________, I have t put it away and fcus my attentin n study this week.
A. Hwever the stry is amusingB. N matter amusing the stry is
C. Hwever amusing the stry isD. N matter hw the stry is amusing
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：无论故事多么有趣，这个星期我都得把它放起来而专注学习。分析句子结构及选项可知，此处应是hwever引导的让步状语从句。选项中n matter hw所引导的状语从句语序不正确。故选C。
2. Yu shuld try t get a gd night’s sleep ________ much wrk yu have t d.
A. hweverB. n matterC. althughD. whatever
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】句意：无论有多么多的工作要做，你都应该晚上睡好。分析句子结构可知，＂________ much wrk yu have t d＂是让步状语从句，此处表示＂多么＂，且修饰形容词much应用hwever。故选A。
6. (n matter) 引导的让步状语从句
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如：
Yu’ll have t attend the ceremny whether yu’re free r busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。
Whether yu believe it r nt, it’s true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。
【典例分析】
— Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
— Gd, and ___________ yu play r watch TV, yu mustn’t disturb me.
A. whenever B. whetherC. whateverD. n matter
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】句意：——爸爸，我的作业完成了。——好，无论你玩耍还是看电视，都不能打扰我。根据语境可知，此处是whether…r…引导的让步状语从句。故选B。
考向三 原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , nw that（既然）等，fr 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。
1. because引导的原因状语从句
because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，其所引导的从句，为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面。
I didn’t g abrad with her because I culdn’t affrd it.
我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。
Dn’t scamp yur wrk because yu are pressed fr time.
不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。
【典例分析】
I wnder whether his hearing is kay ___________ he has turned the televisin up very lud.
A. unlessB. althughC. untilD. because
【答案】 D
【解析】句意：我想知道他的听力是否还好，因为他把电视的声音开得很大。A. unless除非；B. althugh虽然；C. until直到；D. because因为。结合句意可知选D。
2. as引导的原因状语从句
as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人开来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调，从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用，as语气稍弱。
As I didn’t knw the way, I asked a pliceman. 我不认识路，因而问警察。
As it is snwing, we shall nt climb the muntain. 由于在下雪，我们不去爬山了。
1.___________ yu weren’t there, I left a message.
A.AsB.WhenC.ThughD.Fr
【答案】A
【解析】句意：因为你不在那儿，所以我给你留言了。此处应用as引导原因状语从句，故选A。when引导时间状语从句；thugh引导让步状语从句；fr用作并列连词表原因时不能位于句首。
2. When my father ges smewhere, he always ges alng with my mther, _____________ he desn’t like ging alne.
A.thughB.asC.whileD.even if
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我爸爸去一些地方时总是和我妈妈一起，因为他不喜欢一个人去。此处用as引导原因状语从句。thugh＂尽管＂；while＂当……时＂；even if＂尽管＂。
3. since引导的原因状语从句
since表示人们已知的事实，不许强调的原因，故常译为＂既然……＂，通常位于主句前。since从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容，相当于nw that。
Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided t take a plane.
既然乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。
Since yu wn’t help me, I’ll ask smene else.你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮忙。
【典例分析】
Mark needs t learn Chinese ________ his cmpany is pening a branch in Beijing.
A. unless B. until C. althugh D. since
【答案】D
【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。his cmpany is pening a branch in Beijing是学习汉语的原因。unless除非；until直到……为止；althugh尽管；since由于，自从。在句中since是＂由于＂的意思。句意：马克需要学习汉语，因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。
4. nw(that)引导的原因状语从句
nw(that)＂因为；既然＂，通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去，用来表示一种新的情况，再加以推论。
Nw(that) yu’ve passed yur test yu can drive n yur wn. 你既已考试合格，就可以独自开车了。
I d remember, nw (that) yu mentin it. 你这一提，我倒的确想起来了。
【典例分析】
________ the term has cme t an end, I am ging t take a trip fr relaxatin.
A. Nw that B. Even ifC. As thugh D. S that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：既然这个学期已经结束了，我打算去旅行放松一下。nw that既然，引导原因状语从句，符合句意。
5. seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句
seeing (that)＂鉴于；由于＂，通常用于非正式文体。
Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at hme.天气不好，我们还是呆在家里吧。
6. in that引导的原因状语从句
in that＂因为；基于……的理由＂，可以和because换用，多用于正式文体，它所引导的原因状语从句总是位于主句之后。
Advertisement is distinguished frm ther frms f cmmunicatin in that the advertiser pays fr the message t be delivered. 广告不同于其他交际形式，因为登广告的人要为其所提供的信息付费。
I’m in a slightly awkward psitin, in that he’s nt arriving until 10th.
我的处境有点难堪，因为他要十号才来。
【典例分析】
The Chinese language ________ Western languages ________, instead f an alphabet, it uses characters which stand fr ideas, bjects r ideas.
A. differs frm; in which B. is different frm; in that
C. differs frm; in what D. is different frm; in where
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查动词短语和连词。表示＂与……不同＂可以用differ frm…或be different frm…；in that是固定连词，引导原因状语从句，表示＂由于，因为＂，故选B项。
考向四 地点状语从句
一、where引导的地点状语从句
1.从属连词where表示＂在（或到）……的地方＂。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
Put it where yu fund it. 把它放在原来的地方。
2. where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。
He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。
It’s yur fault that she is where she is. 她今天落到这个地步都怪你。
3. 有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。
Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the frm where necessary. 用所给的短语填空，必要的地方可以改变其形式。
Avid structure f this kind where pssible. 只要可能，就要避免这种结构。
【典例分析】
1. （天津市南开中学2019届高三年级模拟考试）Hw cme? I can’t find my key. I just left it ________ it had been.
A. whereB. which
C. whenD. hw
【答案】A
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：怎么可能?我找不到钥匙了。我刚把它放在原来的地方。结合句意可知此处是where引导的地点状语从句，故选A。
2. ________ he nce felt like giving up, he nw has the determinatin t push further and keep n ging.
A. WhereB. AsC. In caseD. Nw that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。A那里；B尽管，当，因为，随着；C以防；D既然。where表示地点，引导让步状语从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即tried as he has；in case表目的；nw that表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方，故选A。
二、wherever引导的地点状语从句
从属连词wherever意为＂在（或到）……的各个地方＂。
Yu can g wherever(anywhere) yu like these days. 这些天你可以去你想去的地方。
Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcmed. 专家们每到一处，都受到热烈的欢迎。
【典例分析】
In the glbal ecnmy, a new drug fr cancer, ________ it is discvered, will create many ecnmic pssibilities arund the wrld.
A. whatever B. whever C. wherever D. whichever
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：在全球经济中，一种治疗癌症的新药，不管在哪里被发现，都会在世界范围内创造很多的经济可能性。分析句子结构可知，空格后的主要成分完整，缺少的是状语，所以wherever意为＂无论哪里＂，符合题意。whatever意为＂无论什么＂；whever意为＂无论谁＂；whichever意为＂无论哪个＂。
【巧学妙记】
考向五 目的状语从句
1. in rder that引导的目的状语从句
in rder that＂为了；以便＂。多用于正式文体，通常可以与s that换用。☆
They stpped at Hangzhu in rder that they culd g arund West Lake. 他们在杭州停了下来，以便游览西湖。
The expert spke slwly in rder that everyne shuld understand. 专家讲得很慢，以便人人都能听得懂。
2. s (that)引导的目的状语从句
s that＂为了；以便＂。s that通常可以与in rder that换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。
Speak clearly s that they may understand yu. 你要讲得清楚，他们才可能听得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven s she culd be ut by eight. 她想让茶点在七点钟以前就备好，这样她八点就可以出门了。
3. in case/fr fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句
in case，fr fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是＂以免＂，＂以防＂。in case多用于英国英语，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；fr fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may，might，shuld等情态动词；lest用于正式文体，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。
Take yur umbrella with yu, lest it shuld rain.
=Take yur umbrella in case it rains.
带上你的伞，以防下雨。
He tk an umbrella with him fr fear that it might rain. 他带了一把伞，以防下雨。
【典例分析】
1. （2018·天津卷·单项填空）Let’s nt pick these peaches until this weekend ___________ they get sweet enugh t be eaten.
A. ever since B. as ifC. even thugh D. s that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even thugh尽管；D. s that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用s that引导。故选D。
2.Cathy had quit her jb when her sn was brn ___________ she culd stay hme and raise her family.
A. nw thatB. as ifC. nly ifD. s that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词。A. nw that既然；B. as if好像；C. nly if只要；D. s that以便。这里是s that引导的目的状语从句。句意：当Cathy的儿子出生的时候，她就放弃了自己的工作，以便待在家里照顾家人。根据句意故选D。
【名师点睛】本题考查连词s that 的用法，此类辨析题需掌握引导状语从句的连词的不同含义并结合语境，本题中的s that引导目的状语从句。意思是：以致，为了，以便于。这个词组还可以和in rder that，in rder t，s as t 进行替换。所以做好此类题要先分析前后两个句子的关系，了解具体语境中的连词的意思，从而判断出正确的选项，学生要记得积累每一题中所出现的连词的意思，不能只看其表面。注意有的连词的意思并不是表面上的那样，如果出现不熟悉的词语，应该采用排除法，而不是直接看表面意思来选答案。
3. I tk my driving license with me n hliday, ___________ I wanted t hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if nly
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查状语从句的连接词。带驾照的目的是便于租车，所以选A。in case以防、以免或以便于。even if即使，用于让步状语从句；ever since自从，一般引导时间状语从句；if nly倘若，用于条件句，使用虚拟语气。
考向六 结果状语从句
1. s that引导的结果状语从句
（1）s that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后，中间可以有逗号。
Suddenly it began t rain heavily, s that it was almst impssible t carry n driving. 突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。
Linda phned me in n arrival s that I knw she was safe and sund. 琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。
（2）＂s that＂既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句，除了根据句意来判断外，还可根据结构形式来加以判断。若从句前有逗号，一般为结果状语从句，如果从句中有情态动词，通常则为目的状语从句。
They started ut early, s that they didn’t miss the train. 他们早早就出发了，所以没误火车。（结果状语从句）
They started ut early s that they wuld nt miss the train. 他们早早出发是为了不误火车。（目的状语从句）
2. 引导的结果状语从句
＂如此……以致＂，that在非正式文体中可以省略，s后面接形容词或副词。
She spke s fast that nbdy culd catch what she was saying. 她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
There is s little time left that I have t tell yu abut it later. 现在剩下的时间不多了，我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
3. 引导的结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的的具体内容是：such + a/an + 形容词+名词+that从句。其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数，也可以是不可数名词。such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + that从句可换成s + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句。
The Japanese student made such rapid prgress that he sn began t write articles in Chinese. 那个日本留学生进步很快，不久就开始用中文写文章了。
The prfessr tld us such a funny stry that all the students laughed.
＝The prfessr tld us s funny a stry that all the students laughed.
教授讲了个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
4. such that引导的结果状语从句
such that引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体，主句为＂主—系—表＂句型。
The frce f the explsin was such that it blew ut all the windws. 爆炸的力量很大，所有的窗户都被炸掉了。
His anger was such that he lst cntrl f himself. 他气得不能克制自己的感情。
【典例分析】
1. The film Pi 2 is _____________ interesting ____________ I wuld like t see it again.
A. such；thatB. t；tC. as；asD. s；that
【答案】D
【解析】such修饰名词，而interesting是形容词，故予以排除；在结构中，t是不定式符号，后面接动词原形；结构表示同级比较，在此不符合句意；意为＂如此……以至于＂，引导结果状语从句。根据句意可知选D。
2. Wang Yaping is such an excellent astrnaut ____________ she has been assigned t perfrm ur cuntry’s secnd manual space dcking.
A. asB. thatC. whichD. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：王亚平是如此优秀的宇航员以至于她被指派执行我们国家的第二次手控交会对接。＂如此……以至于＂，引导结果状语从句。
考向七 条件状语从句
1. if引导的条件状语从句
if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见＂虚拟语气＂)和真实条件状语从句。
If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth.
如果他说了那样的话，他不可能是说实话。
2. unless引导的条件状语从句
unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于，而且语气较强，一般不用于虚拟语气。
Yu’ll be late unless yu hurry.
你会迟到的，如果不赶快的话。
【典例分析】
1. （2018·北京卷·单项填空） _________ we dn’t stp climate change, many animals and plants in the wrld will be gne.
A. Althugh B. While C. If D. Until
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物将会消失。分析句意及句子结构可知，动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。althugh尽管；while当……时候，尽管；if如果；until直到。根据句意可知选C。
2. ________ we have enugh evidence, we can’t win the case.
Once B. As lng as C. Unless D. Since
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词。句意：如果我们没有足够的证据，我们就赢不了官司。后句说官司打不赢，用unless来表示相反的条件。
【名师点睛】条件状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生条件的状语从句。引导条件状语从句最经常用的连词是if，它的意思是＂如果＂； 也可以用unless引导：unless的意思是＂如果不＂＂除非＂，相当于if nt。
3. nly if引导的条件状语从句
nly if在引导条件状语从句时意为＂只有……(才)；只有在……的时候，唯一的条件是……＂。
I’ll let yu use the car nly if yu keep it in gd cnditin.
只要你把车保养好，我就让你用。
4. as/s lng as引导的条件状语从句
as/s lng as意为＂只要；如果＂。
As lng as it desn’t rain, we can play.
只要不下雨我们就能玩。
【典例分析】
Yu wn’t find paper cutting difficult ________ yu keep practicing it.
A. even if B. as lng as C. as if D. ever since
【答案】B
【解析】句意：只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。A. even thugh即使，虽然;B. as lng as只要；C. as if犹如，好像；D. ever since自从。结合句意，此处用as lng as引导条件状语从句。故选B。
5. prvided (that)/prviding (that)引导的条件状语从句
prvided (that)/prviding (that)意为＂假如；如果＂。
I will agree t g prvided / prviding (that) my expense is paid.
假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。
Prviding yu prmise nt t tell anyne else I’ll explain the secret.
假如你承诺不告诉别人，我就告诉你这个秘密。
6. n cnditin that（条件是）和suppse / suppsing (that)（假设；如果）也可引导条件状语从句
I can tell yu the truth n cnditin that yu prmise t keep it a secret.
我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。
Suppse/ Suppsing (that) they refuse us, wh else can we turn t fr help?
注意：
在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。
If yu will sit dwn fr a few mments, I’ll tell the manager yu’re here. 请稍坐片刻，我这就通知经理说您来了。
考向八 方式状语从句
表示行为方式的状语从句常由as（依照……，像……一样），as if（正如……，似乎……），as thugh（似乎……，好像……），（just）as... s...（正如……）引导，多置于主句之后。
1. as，(just) as... s...引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) 结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是＂正如……＂，＂就像＂，多用于正式文体。
Always d t the thers as yu wuld be dne by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待别人。
As water is t fish, s air is t man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep ur rms, s we shuld sweep backward ideas frm ur minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2. as if，as thugh两者的意义和用法相同，引导的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作＂仿佛……似的＂，＂好像……似的＂。
They cmpletely ignre these facts as if (as thugh) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
He lks as if (as thugh) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
It lks as if the weather may pick up very sn.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
【名师点睛】
【典例分析】
1. He lked at me curiusly _______________ he had sme dubt which he was unwilling t express.
A. as ifB. in caseC. unlessD. s that
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：他好奇地看着我，好像有一些疑问又不肯说出口。as if＂好像，仿佛＂，引导方式状语从句。
2. Mre peple will eat ut in restaurants _______________ they d tday.
A. thanB. whenC. whileD. as
【答案】D
【解析】句意：正如人们现在所做的一样，更多的人将会在饭店吃饭。as在此引导方式状语从句，表示＂如同，照……的方式＂。
【检测训练】
1. Hardly had I finished the wrk n time ________ the bell rang.
A. whileB. whenC. asD. during
2. Child________ she is, she knws a lt abut the universe.
A. asB. duringC. sD. thugh
3. Wherever he ges, he always takes an umbrella with him ________ it rains.
A. in caseB. even thughC. even ifD. nw that
4. —Cach, can I cntinue with the training?
—Srry, yu can’t ________yu haven’t recvered frm the knee injury.
A. untilB. befreC. asD. unless
5. ________ the Internet is f great help, I dn’t think it’s a gd idea t spend t much time n it.
A. WhileB. UntilC. IfD. Befre
6. ________ yu want t wrk in a freign cuntry, yu’d better imprve yur ral English.
A. Nw thatB. S thatC. Such thatD. In rder that
7. Thugh________ t see us, the prfessr gave us a warm welcme.
A. surprisingB. t surpriseC. being surprisedD. surprised
8. It is clear that, ________ self-awareness is a healthy quality, verding it is harmful.
A. whileB. becauseC. whetherD. when
9. Lily was abut t clse the windw _______ her attentin was caught by a kite.
A. whenB. ifC. andD. thugh
10. The rain came s suddenly that ________ I culd find a ________ t hide, it had begun puring.
A. after, reserveB. befre, reserve
C. after, shelterD. befre, shelter
11. He had a flash f inspiratin _______ he saw the lvely little girl.
A. the instantB. the instant whenC. in an instantD. fr an instant
12. _____ yu may meet, yu shuld face the challenge bravely.
A. N matter a serius prblemB. What a serius prblem
C. Hwever serius a prblemD. Whatever serius a prblem
13. If yu dn’t grasp this chance, it may be years ______ yu get anther ne.
A. befreB. sinceC. untilD. unless
14. I’ll be ut fr sme time. _________ anything imprtant happens, call me up immediately.
A. As ifB. Regardless fC. In caseD. Nw that
15. They agreed t rent the huse ______ the rf shuld be repaired.
A. n cnditin thatB. as sn asC. whenD. fr fear that
16. Rpe skipping can be dne almst anywhere at any time, there is space enugh fr the rpe t make a cmplete revlutin.
A. if nlyB. nly ifC. unlessD. until
17. Sme schl teachers cmplain that many kids haven't gt any hbbies— we call playing cmputer games a hbby.
A. unlessB. nceC. sinceD. if
18. The thery that the scientist annunced was _______ cnvincing _______ cmmn peple began t accept it withut dubt.
A. B. C. D.
19. the utbreak f COVID-19 is a terrible blw t the cuntry, the gvernment is trying hard t bring the situatin under cntrl.
A. AlthughB. IfC. UnlessD. Because
20. I’ll give yu all the facts s ________ yu can judge yurself.
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. if
21. --- Hw lng will it be ________ yur brther attends university?
--- Half a mnth.
A. sinceB. befreC. untilD. when
22. We were all cnfused why he left the jb____he was s well paid in that big cmpany.
A. ifB. untilC. nceD. when
23. ____________, several recipients reprted running a fever after taking a sht.
A. Effective as the vaccine is claimed t be
B. As the vaccine is claimed t be effective
C. Because the vaccine is claimed t be effective
D. Where the vaccine is claimed t effective
24. I was much impressed by great changes and fast pace f life in Shanghai ________ I came t visit this fantastic city.
A. at the first timeB. fr the first timeC. by the first timeD. the first time
25. Tim was happy t take n all the husewrk ________ his wife went ut t wrk.
A. whileB. untilC. befreD. since
26. ____________ small a ppulatin an ethnic grup has, it has a rich histry.
A. ThughB. WhileC. HweverD. Whatever
27. If yu are travelling ____________ custms are really freign t yu, please d as the Rmans d.
A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which
28. __________ I like the clr f that hat, I dn’t like its shape.
A. ThatB. WhileC. AsD. S
29. —May I g and play with Tm this afternn, Mum?
—N. Yu can’t g ut _________yur hmewrk is being dne.
A. befreB. asC. untilD. after
30. Tw years ag, a new schl was set up_________there had nce teen a factry.
A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where
31. N sner ____________ these wrds than the warden hit him n the head with the sup spn.
A. had the by spkenB. has the by spken
C. did the by speakD. was the by speaking
32. Yu'd better nt send r receive text messages yu are crssing a street r highway.
A. befreB. afterC. whileD. until
33. N sner had the bell_________ that the class was ver rung _________ the students rushed ut f the classrm fr the dining hall.
A. indicated… whenB. indicating…than
C. indicating…whenD. t indicate…than
34. Li Na is still recgnized as ne f the best tennis players arund the wrld she has retired.
A. as ifB. sinceC. even thughD. nw that
35. Tired __________ he was, he still went n with his wrk.
A. althughB. ifC. asD. while
36. ______ I’m thusands f miles away frm my mtherland, hme is always ______ my heart is.
A. While; whereB. Despite; the place where
C. Thugh; at whichD. Althugh; the place which
37. N matter hw frequently ______, he didn’t ______ and determined t lse weight.
A. frustrated; lse heartB. frustrated; lse his heart
C. being frustrated; lse hpeD. having been frustrated; lse his hpe
38. It’s s cld that yu can’t g utside____ fully cvered in thick clthes.
A. becauseB. unlessC. nceD. when
39. They didn't g camping __________it rained heavily.
A. becauseB. andC. sD. r
40. I think that, _____the cst, we have t address this prblem. We have t bring justice and cmpassin t the victims.
A. whicheverB. whateverC. hweverD. wherever
41. I’d like t arrive 20 minutes early ________I can have time fr a cup f tea.
A. as sn asB. as a result fC. in caseD. s that
42. — Did yu explain it t yur bss?
— N. He strmed ut f the ffice______I culd get in a wrd.
A. sinceB. whenC. befreD. after
43. Yu’d better write the bk in simple English_____ the children aged 10-12 can read and understand it easily.
A. nw thatB. s thatC. as ifD. even if
44. If yu ______ yur plan, yu will mst likely fail t finish the task.
A. lk frward tB. lse track fC. are aware fD. are used t
45. — Mm, what did yur dctr say?
— He advised me t live ________ the air is fresher.
A. whenB. whereC. whseD. that
46. Native English speakers can understand each ther ______ they dn’t speak the same kind f English.
A. even thughB. in case
C. as ifD. ever since
47. a lt f hard wrk and a tuch f luck play a part, perseverance is the key t success.
A. WhenB. WhileC. BecauseD. If
48. But ________ he had wn everything it was pssible t win in his sprt, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he ________.
A. even thugh; was failedB. after; failed
C. even thugh; had failedD. after; has failed
49. He has _____ that he is ften lnely.
A. such few friendsB. such little friendsC. s few friendsD. s a few friends
50. the dragn desn't exist, we still take it a symbl f ur natin.
A. B. While. C. Despite. D. While.
状语从句口诀 
时地原因条状补， 
目比结果方让步， 
连词引导各不同； 
主句通常前面走， 
连词引导紧随后， 
从句若在主前头，
主从之间有个逗。
as if / as thugh也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。
He stared at me as if seeing me fr first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his thrat as if t say smething. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed n the rcks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。