新高考英语一轮复习练习考向43 概要写作之语篇类型特征分析（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习练习考向43 概要写作之语篇类型特征分析（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习练习考向43概要写作之语篇类型特征分析原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习练习考向43概要写作之语篇类型特征分析解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共24页， 欢迎下载使用。
要求考生进行概要写作的阅读材料原文词数一般为300词左右。文章体裁可以是记叙文、说明文或者议论文。写作要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇约60词的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确，结构合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
二、注意事项
1．词数要限制在60词左右，上下限不得超过10个单词。
2．要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3．人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4．写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。
三、写作步骤
第一步：仔细审题
速读文章，确定文章的体裁和题材、人称和时态以及写作要求等。
第二步：细读全文
阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：
第三步：初写成文
初写概要时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：
第四步：润色升级
初写成文后，要对概要进行润色升级，使用高级词汇和高级句式代替平庸词汇和一般句式，使之锦上添花。
第五步：复查定稿
写好概要后，要从语法和语义角度进行通读。对语法错误和语义不连贯处进行修改润色。最后规范誊写在答题卷的指定位置。
说明文的概要写作
一、说明文的写作顺序
一是以空间为序对事物进行描写；二是以时间为序对事物进行描写；三是按逻辑顺序对事物进行描写。其中，按“逻辑顺序”描写的说明文又分下面几种：
一是描写某事物的性质功用；二是针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施；三是介绍某现象及其原因或本质。
在“读写任务”中，纯粹的说明文作为原文的形式出现比较少，不少文章的文体都是介于“说明”和“议论”之间的，单纯的说明文作为“读写任务”的原文主要是以“逻辑顺序”出现，因为这样才能更好地为主体部分的议论或叙述服务。
二、说明文的构成
说明文通常由三部分构成，第一部分为文章的第一段，呈献文章所要介绍/说明的对象或阐述的内容；第二部分为文章的主体，或介绍事物的方位，或描述事物的性质、功用，或提出解决方法，或说明某种现象等；第三部分为结尾段，呼应首段，归结主题。为此，说明文的写作，当以简洁明了的语言描述事物、现象或过程。通常，说明文中常会（在每段）有tpic sentence出现，这为考生写作summary提供了帮助，但考生须对其作变通以免落下照抄原句之嫌。
三、概要写作模板
1. 描写事物性质功用
In the passage the writer intrduces ...(对象)t us, especially its ... (性质或功用), frm which we knw... (对象带来的利好).
2. 问题+解决方法
The passage represents...(问题) and brings frth several measures/methds t slve the prblem, which include... (方法1),...(方法2) and ...(方法3).
3. 现象+原因/本质
(The authr/writer represents/intrduces) ...(现象) f ... , because /but...(原因/本质1), and ... (原因/本质2).
四、概要写作句式
（一）提出问题: (现象，变化，影响，作用, 例举)
1. Mre and mre (an increasing number f) experts argue (believe) that clrs influence (affect) ur md, career and health.
2. What attracts custmers? Obviusly the lg cntributes a great deal. (The lg plays an imprtant rle in / has a psitive effect n attracting custmers.)
3. The first metal detectrs were meant t help miners. They cst a lt f mney. And wrst f all, they didn’t functin prperly. ( Metal detectrs were first used t help miners, but they cst much, and didn’t wrk well. )
4. They are in airprts. They are in curthuses. Sme schls use them. (Many detectrs are being used in many places such as schls, curthuses, and airprts. )
5. The distance at which peple stand when they speak tends t be smaller in China, while in Nrdic cultures peple usually stand further apart. ( Fr example, nt all peple stand at the same distance when speaking t thers. )
（二）分析问题 （原因，结果）
1. Their calls have becme ten times luder, as the seas have becme nisier than befre. (Whales learn t shut as a result f increased nises in the cean. )
2. As rbts start ding mre and mre wrk we used t d, and ding it much mre efficiently, what if the need fr jbs disappears altgether? What if the rbts end up... ( Peple wrry abut the prblems caused by rbts’ high efficiency and s n. )
3. Psychlgists suggest there are several reasns fr a shpping addictin. Fr sme peple, ... Fr thers,... (There are different reasns why peple becme shpahlics, such as reducing stress, fighting lneliness and s n.)
4. Sme studies shw that patients suffering frm depressin were helped by simply taking a shwer. ( Taking cld shwers lead t less stress.)
5. Smking is said t lead t mre heart disease-related deaths. (Besides, smking is mre likely t cause heart disease- related deaths. )
（三）解决问题 (目的，提倡，避免，想法）
1. What yu shuld be lking fr is flat grund. + If it’s pssible, yu are suppsed t pitch camp in a shady place. (It is imprtant/necessary t find flat grund with shade. )
2. D nt pitch yur tent t clse t dead trees, because f the danger f fallen branches. (Hwever, it is nt a gd idea (nt advisable) t place yur tent next t dead trees, as yu may be in danger f fallen branches.)
3. It is vital t have a strng image, which is immediately recgnisable. We shuld renew lgs cnstantly. (T be better recgnized, lgs shuld be renewed timely. 不定式和被动结构！)
4. By getting rid f the need fr peple t wrk, rbts wuld free us up t think mre abut what really makes us human. (Furthermre, as rbts save us a lt f labr, we humans shuld fcus n thinking abut the value f humans. 增加因果关系)
5. In fact, it’s a relatinship withut any respnsibility. Wesch believes that it’s vital fr peple t use digital media in psitive new ways. (Althugh Wesch pints ut that this relatinship invlves n real respnsibility, he still insists that it is imprtant fr peple t apply the digital media psitively. 增加转折关系)
（五）研究报告
(1)表示文章的内容以及研究目的
①This paper is aimed at/cvers/mainly deals with...
②The article fcuses n the tpic f...
(2)表示研究的结论
①The result shwed that...
②The authr fund that...
③It was cncluded that...
(3)表示推荐、观点或建议
The authr suggests/cnsiders that...
Suggestins are made fr...
【检测训练】
1. 阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It is n ne’s jb t believe in yu, and n ne will, unless yu believe in yurself. Belief that yu can achieve whatever yu set yur mind t will keep yu wrking when thers give up, and it will give yu the tls yu need t craft yur wn success frm any situatin. Any natural talent yu have is nt enugh. Talent is nly the beginning. Success is nly achieved thrugh hurs and hurs f hard wrk, f being kncked dwn but refusing t quit, and if yu are unwilling t put in the effrt, yu will be vertaken by thse wh simply want it mre.
Part f success is being able t cpe with failure. What if yu give yur best, and yu still fail? My answer t that, is this: I wuld sner lk myself in the eye and knw I did my best, than knw I failed because I was held back by fear. There is n hnur in being able t say that yu culd have dne better if yu had tried harder. The rwing race that I am mst prud f was actually ne that I lst, as it is the ne I knw I gave my all t. N ne can ask fr mre than yur best, and if yu give yur best then yu have nt failed.
S hw d yu stp the task at hand frm feeling t verwhelming? Hw d yu pace yurself fr a gal yu knw will take tw years t achieve? Hw d yu cpe with the pressure? There is a skill t nt thinking t far ahead. Yu must discipline yurself t fcus n what yu need t d n a day-by-day basis. Big dreams are made f little gals. Cmplete ne task at a time, brilliantly, and then the next, and the next. D this fr lng enugh, and yu will get there. When yu d, yu can finally step back and appreciate that yu have achieved smething incredible.
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2. 阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As is knwn, if we are united n ne can defeat us. But if we cnstantly have cnflicts r misunderstandings, we may attract utsiders t take advantage f urselves, which may ultimately result in ur failure. Unity is the surce f strength and peple wh are united have the capability t tackle any kind f situatin as they share each ther’s burdens and hardships.
In lden days, man lived alne. He travelled and hunted all by himself, which smetimes gave pprtunities t fierce animal t attack and kill him. Then he realized that if he jined hands with ther hunters, he wuld be able t face several cmmn dangers and challenges. This is hw, villages gt frmed, which later gt develped int the twns and cities.
In the sprts grund, be it cricket, ftball, baseball, basketball r any kind f sprt, a united team and an apprpriate strategy may cntribute t the success f the team, but if there is a cnflict r unhealthy cmpetitin r unnecessary misunderstanding amng the team members, they may invite the ppnents t take advantage f their shrtcmings and win the game. Likewise, if the members f a family stay tgether and supprt each ther in every phase f life, n utsiders can harm the family.
There was nce an ld man wh lived in a village with his three sns. The sns always fught with each ther and wuld nt pay any attentin t their father. The man fell sick and assumed that he wuld die sn; he was very wrried abut the fact that nce he died, peple wuld take advantage f his sns’ cnflicts. He called all his sns and asked them t break a bundle f sticks, ne by ne. Nne f them culd d it. He then untied the bundle and gave each stick t each ne f them asking them t break, which they culd very cnveniently accmplish. He then tld his sns that they shuld stay like the bundle f sticks s that n ne can break them; but if they keep n fighting, they will be brken by the utsiders easily.
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3. 阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
If yu’re anything like us, it seems that yur stmach starts t grumble(隆隆响)as sn as McDnald’s glden arches cme int view. The reasn behind that isn’t the muthwatering taste f their delicius fries—this is hw they get them t taste s gd by the way—it’s actually psychlgical, and it has t d with the clrs f their lg.
The clrs red and yellw were chsen fr a specific reasn, and it wasn’t because they lked nice with Rnald McDnald’s clwn-like face. It actually has t d with science. The clr red is stimulating and is assciated with being active. It als increases heart rate, which helps t jumpstart yur appetite. The clr yellw is assciated with happiness and is the mst visible clr in daylight, s that’s why a McDnald’s sign is s easy t spt n a crwded rad.
The brain prcesses clr befre it prcesses wrds r shapes, s that’s why the fast-fd chain chse these tw clrs fr their lg and brand. Red and yellw makes yu hungry, encuraging yu t want t buy the prduct they sell, while als making yu feel happy.
McDnald’s has started t use this clr philsphy t influence and change the way peple currently think abut their brand as well. Many franchises(授权经销商)in Eurpe have started t incrprate mre f the clr green int their strefrnts and interir design because it’s assciated with nature and being envirnmentally friendly, smething McDnald’s has been criticized fr nt being in the past. The cmpany has been wrking t becme greener by using envirnmentally friendly refrigeratin and cnverting used il int bidiesel(生物柴油)fuel.
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4. 阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
An allergy, als knwn as an allergic disease, is an immune system reactin t nrmally harmless things, such as dust，plants, animals r certain fds. Symptms vary depending n the allergy. Cmmn cld symptms such as lw fever, sneezing, and a sre thrat may all indicate allergies.
What causes an allergic reactin is a questin still puzzling scientists. Types f allergies have greatly increase since the mid-20th century， leading sme experts t suggest the increased envirnmental pllutin is held respnsible. Sme experts suggest that allergies are related with genes with twins being particularly likely t share the same prblems. Often，an allergic reactin will develp in childhds but since many reactins are likely t wrsen with repeated expsure, symptms can start t appear at any age. Hwever，sme peple may vercme childhd allergies with age grwing.
Testing fr an allergy can be a tricky prcess，particularly if an allergic reactin culd threaten the victim's life. Dctrs ften use a skin test methd fr a variety f pssible allergic reactins. In skin testing, a tiny amunt f an allergen (过敏原) is sht int a marked place f skin t see if the skin reacts negatively. If serius reactins are a cncern , dctrs can als use a bld test， althugh this takes mre time and may be less accurate than skin testing.
Treatment may depend n the type and severe degree f the patient allergic respnse. In sme mild cases， such as sneezing caused by animal expsure， patients are tld t avid expsure when pssible. Aviding the fd is als key with many fd allergies, particularly thse that can cause severe respnses. When aviding is impssible,sme dctrs may recmmend shts. This intends t build up tlerance in the immune system by expsing the patient t increasing small amunts f the allergen ver time.
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5. 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Cllege students need textbks t help them learn and earn an academic degree. Hwever, n tp f tuitin, rm and bard and meals, why are textbks s expensive? Textbks cver many areas f knwledge. They are prepared specifically with a lt f infrmatin that include many riginal pictures, special charts, and specific data. Textbks are extremely useful t students fr learning and prfitable fr the cmpanies that publish them. While textbks can be a financial burden n the student, they can be prfitable fr a bk scuter (侦察员).
A bk scuter is an pprtunist wh buys cheap used bks at thrift stres (二手店) r bk sales, and sells them fr mre mney. Brand new textbks are the mst desired f bks fr scuters since they typically cst ver $100. Of curse, used textbks dn’t cst as much. But when the scuter ges t a thrift stre and bk sales at libraries, textbks can cst as little as several dllars. S, buying used textbks that are new is ne f the mst prfitable bks that sellers can buy.
Unfrtunately, many cllege textbk editins change every year, which eliminates (消除) the student’s chance t use last year’s editin. S, they will have t pay mre mney fr brand new textbks. The sad reality is that very few changes are generally made between editins.
Bk scuters search fr textbks as well as ther categries f bks available at lcal thrift stres r bk sales. Textbks that are new r relatively new are marked dwn t just a few dllars. Then they can be sld n Amazn fr ptentially high prfits. Amazn buys new textbks fr a lt mre mney than mst ther types f bks. If yu want t try scuting textbks t make a prfit, buy their newest editins r the nes ahead f them. Buy it in the best cnditin pssible. If yu live in a twn r city where there is a university, yu have a better chance f finding gd textbks.
Althugh textbks can be expensive fr the average student, he r she culd ptentially sell them n Amazn fr the same price that they were purchased. Just remember, knwledge is pwer and can be prfitable t.
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6. 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bees are very strange creatures. They have their wn way f telling each ther that they have fund a new flwer. They bring sme f its nectar (花蜜) back hme and then d a little dance that shws where the flwer is and hw far away it is.
In autumn the wrker bees g ut and cllect as much nectar and pllen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return t make hney and stre it fr the lng cld winter.
Bees build their wn huses but they d nt always have rund tps like peple draw them in strybks. They are usually five streys high. The queen bee always has the bttm strey. In between the bttm strey and all the rest there are bars nly just wide enugh fr the wrkers t pass thrugh. The queen bee can never g up t the ther flrs because she is bigger than all the ther bees. The streys the queen can’t enter are where the stre rms are. There are rms fr pllen, nectar and ryal jellies (蜂王浆). If there is a fire the wrkers have t cver the walls and entrance f the rms. They have t mve the hney and the nectar and pllen away frm the ht walls f the rm.
The queen is the nly that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drne. Once the queen has laid the eggs she thrws the drne ut because a drne just sits arund eating hney and nectar. He cannt g ut and cllect pllen because drnes d nt have pllen-carrying things n their legs like the wrkers have.
Yung bees are called nurses because they have t nurse the newbrn bees whether they like it r nt. What a bee ends up being when it grws up depends n what it eats. If it is t be a queen it must feed n ryal jellies and it must never, ever set eyes n anther queen. If it des they must fight till nly ne f them is still alive.
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记叙文
圈出记叙文的六要素(wh, when, where, what, hw, why)，如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意
说明文
找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议
议论文
提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论)
记叙文
先用一两句话串联人、时、地、事等要素，再用三到五个句子简要描述事情的经过和结果
说明文
找出要说明对象的现象、原因等或解决问题的措施、建议等
议论文
把议论文的三个要素(论点、论据、结论)进行合理地排序、整合和概括，使之语义上具有逻辑性和连贯性