2024—2025中考英语二轮专题14 阅读理解（说明文，议论文）-中考英语真题题源解密（全国通用）（解析版）

这是一份2024—2025中考英语二轮专题14 阅读理解（说明文，议论文）-中考英语真题题源解密（全国通用）（解析版），共45页。试卷主要包含了 推断题， 猜测词义题， 细节理解题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读理解是每年中考试题的“重中之重”。此题型的分值为30-40分，约占整套试题总分的45%左右。阅读理解主要考查考生通过阅读短文获取一定信息的能力。近几年的中考试题考查的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文等，考查内容比较广泛。
不仅如此，阅读理解的文章在体裁方面也越来越多样化，广告、图表等应用文是近年来中考试题的新体裁；在内容方面，也更加体现了时代性和可读性，题材包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等方面。
（一）体裁简析
一、英语阅读文体类型简析 中考英语阅读常见的文体类型有：记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。
01、记叙文。 英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。
02、说明文。
英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法：
就中考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。中考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。
03、议论文。
英语议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。
04、应用文。
英语应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。
（二）解题技巧
掌握中考英语阅读理解题的应试技巧，正确地理解和分析问题，考生应从以下几个方面入手：
一、主旨题
文章段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句，了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思通常是总结性的；
（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式；
（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。
二、 推断题
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。
（1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
（2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。
（3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。
（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。
三、 猜测词义题
阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。
通过对全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。前缀in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜测此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。总之，猜词题可以用到以下技巧（1）. 根据文中的解释（2）. 使用逗号、破折号和括号等（3）. 根据同位语或根据同等关系（4）. 根据语义的转折关系（5）. 根据因果关系（6）. 根据构词法知识 （7）. 根据常识，上下文逻辑
四、 细节理解题。
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。

考向三、说明文
说明文是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
（2023·广州）
Peple believe that every wrd has its crrect meaning(s). When we are nt sure, we usually check nline, r turn t ur teachers r dictinaries. But d yu knw hw dictinaries were made in the past?
Dictinary writers first read the imprtant bks f the perid r the subject that the dictinary was abut. As they read, they cpied necessary infrmatin n cards: interesting wrds, cmmn wrds—bth in their daily uses and unusual uses, and als the sentences where they were used. That is t say, the wrds, alng with the uses f each wrd, were cllected. Fr a really big dictinary, millins f such cards were cllected. This task culd last fr years. As the cards were cllected, they were put in alphabetical rder (A—Z). When this was dne, there wuld be several hundred cards fr each single wrd.
Then, t define (定义) a wrd, the dictinary writer placed its hundreds f cards befre him. He read the cards clsely, threw away sme, read the rest again, and divided up the cards accrding t what he thught were the cmmn uses f the wrd. Finally, he wrte the definitins, fllwing the hard-and-fast rule: each definitin must cme frm an example n a certain card in frnt f him.
S, the writing f a dictinary was nt a task f inventing meanings f wrds, but a task f recrding their meanings. The writer f a dictinary was a histrian, nt a law maker.
As time develps, the way f prducing dictinaries has greatly changed. Nwadays, we can use nline dictinaries t. When chsing ur wrds in speaking r writing, we can be guided by the dictinary. Hwever, we cannt be cntrlled by it, because new situatins, new experiences, new inventins, and new feelings, are always pushing us t give new uses t ld wrds.
37. Why did dictinary writers read imprtant bks?
A. T knw mre abut the perid.B. T cllect wrds and their uses.
C. T understand different subjects.D. T learn t use interesting wrds.
38. Which shws the crrect steps f hw dictinaries were made in the past?

A. ①-③-④-②B. ①-②-④-③C. ③-④-②-①D. ③-①-④-②
39. What can we learn frm the passage abut dictinary writing in the past?
A. It shuld be dne by histrians.B. It was a task f inventing and recrding.
C. It was lng-time hard wrk.D. It had t use the law-making rules.
40. What des the writer advise us t d when we chse wrds in cmmunicatin?
A. Be pen t the new uses f wrds.B. Fllw the dictinary strictly.
C. Use nline dictinaries instead.D. Try t create new wrds.
【答案】37. B 38. D 39. C 40. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了过去词典是如何制作的。
37.推理判断题。根据“As they read, they cpied necessary infrmatin n cards: interesting wrds, cmmn wrds—bth in their daily uses and unusual uses, and als the sentences where they were used. That is t say, the wrds, alng with the uses f each wrd, were cllected.”（当他们阅读时，他们把必要的信息抄写在卡片上：有趣的单词，常见的单词——包括日常使用和不常用的单词，以及使用这些单词的句子。也就是说，这些单词以及每个单词的用法都被收集了起来。）可推知词典编纂者要读重要的书籍是为了收集单词及其用法，故选B。
38.细节理解题。根据“As they read, they cpied necessary infrmatin n cards: interesting wrds, cmmn wrds-bth in their daily uses and unusual uses, and als the sentences where they were used.”、“As the cards were cllected, they were put in alphabetical rder (A—Z). ”、“Then, t define (定义) a wrd, the dictinary writer placed its hundreds f cards befre him. He read the cards clsely, threw away sme, read the rest again, and divided up the cards accrding t what he thught were the cmmn uses f the wrd.”、“Finally, he wrte the definitins, fllwing the hard-and-fast rule: each definitin must cme frm an example n a certain card in frnt f him.”可知，过去制作字典首先把有趣单词，日常使用和不寻常使用的常见单词，以及使用它们的句子记在卡片上；然后收集卡片时，按字母顺序（A-Z）排列；其次筛选卡片，根据词典编纂者认为的单词的常用用法将卡片分开；最后是按照硬性规定写下了定义，每个定义都必须来自他面前某张卡片上的一个例子。所以正确的步骤是③-①-④-②。故选D。
39.推理判断题。根据“Fr a really big dictinary, millins f such cards were cllected.”（对于一本真正的大字典来说，收集了数百万张这样的卡片。）可知过去编纂词典是一项长期艰苦的工作。故选C。
40.细节理解题。根据“Hwever, we cannt be cntrlled by it, because new situatins, new experiences, new inventins, and new feelings, are always pushing us t give new uses t ld wrds.”可知作者建议大家在使用词典时不能被它所控制，因为新的情况、新的经历、新的发明和新的感受总是在推动我们对旧词赋予新的用途，也就是接受词汇的新用法。故选A。
Passage 1
（2023·武汉）
When the famus scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years ld, he imagined himself riding alngside a beam (束) f light. He used this picture in mind t help him when wrking ut the “thery f relativity(相对论)”. “Imaginatin is mre imprtant than knwledge,” said Einstein.
Daydreaming, called “thught experiments” by Einstein, can make yu have wild imaginings, like flying arund in space. It lets yur mind walk slwly arund ideas, memries and experiences that aren’t happening right nw. It means thinking ahead t a hliday r remembering hw much yu enjyed a birthday party. Accrding t China’s health authrities(权威机构), daydreaming fr a while each day can imprve yur health and creativity.
Disappearing int a daydream lets yur mind escape when things are difficult. It helps yu deal with wrries and fears. Fr example, imagining hw yu’re ging t speak up in class is like practicing the scene in yur head, which can make yu feel calmer. Daydreaming als inspires creativity and lets yu find new wrlds where there are n limits (限制) t what yu can d r wh yu are. Gu Qiang, an expert in thughts and feelings, thinks we shuld all make time t daydream. “Thinking fr pleasure can be a pwerful tl t shape ur feelings,” he said.
Hwever, try nt t let yur mind be absent when yu need t fcus (聚焦) in class r crss the rad. Instead, find a time when yu dn’t have t fcus n anything, like ging fr a walk r brushing yur teeth. Gu suggests yu can start by fcusing n a happy memry r imagining a future success, like scring a gal in the Wrld Cup.
T encurage creativity, think abut interesting ideas and see where yur mind takes yu. Research shws that peple ften cme up with mre slutins t prblems after they’ve taken a break. S next time yu’re stuck with hmewrk, stp fr a mment and see where yur daydreams take yu.
41. Which writing skill is used in paragraph 1?
A. Giving an example.B. Raising a questin.C. Listing numbers.D. Cmparing facts.
42. Daydreaming can make peple _________.
A. fly arundB. walk slwlyC. think freelyD. be absent-minded
43. Gu Qiang first suggests _________.
A. escaping frm the hard timeB. lking fr new wrlds
C. finding time t imagineD. fcusing n success
44. What is mentined in paragraph 4?
A. The steps t daydream. B. The things t daydream f.
C. The reasns fr daydreaming. D. The meanings f daydreaming.
45. Daydreaming is talked abut _________.
A. t remind peple t have a mind break B. t suggest living at the mment
C. t find slutins t hmewrk prblems D. t shw a science research result
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了白日梦的好处，并提醒人们要让大脑休息一下。
41.推理判断题。根据“When the famus scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years ld...”可知开头通过爱因斯坦的例子引出了本文的话题。故选A。
42.细节理解题。根据“can make yu have wild imaginings, like flying arund in space”可知白日梦可以让你产生天马行空的想象，自由地思考。故选C。
43.细节理解题。根据“thinks we shuld all make time t daydream”可知他建议要找点时间去做白日梦。故选C。
44.细节理解题。根据“Gu suggests yu can start by fcusing n a happy memry r imagining a future success, like scring a gal in the Wrld Cup”可知此处提到了可以白日做梦的事情。故选B。
45.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了白日梦的好处，并提醒人们要让大脑休息一下。故选A。
Passage 2
（2023·湖北襄樊）
When September cmes, the new term begins. Parents are all excited because their kids are ging back t schl. There’s nthing better than this. Lking back at the nline-class perid, what wke up the parents every mrning was nt their alarms, but their kids’ cming nline classes. Cking meals, signing-in(登陆) learning apps and handing in hmewrk pictures were daily activities fr parents t get everything ready fr kids. At the same time, the parents had t pay full attentin t their kids because there’s n difference between giving a kid an electrnic prduct and ▲ .
What a cincidence! In ancient times, the new term started arund White Dew(白露) in September, t. Peple used t have “fur big ceremnies in life” which included the ceremny f “starting schl, becming an adult , getting married and burial”. The ceremny f starting schl was a big thing. It shwed everyne’s best wishes fr a kid.
Nt every kid culd g t schl. Mst f them had t wrk. But if yu were a by, yur father culd send yu t schl. Luckily, beginning in the Han Dynasty, the schl fees(费用) were paid by the emperr. Bys studied very hard. They went t schl every day, with n weekends, frm abut 6: 00 a. m. t abut 4:00 p. m. The schl prepared them fr the gvernment tests, and whever scred high in the tests culd get a gd jb. There weren’t any math r science lessns. The students learned hw t read, write, and paint pictures.
Educatin has played an imprtant rle in the develpment f China’s sciety. Nwadays, China has prvided nine year free educatin fr each child, and all the kids have a fair chance t enter schl.
27. Accrding t Paragraph 1, parents prbably felt ________ during the nline-class perid.
A. happyB. tiredC. relaxedD. excited
28. Which f the fllwing stries can be the best chice fr “ ▲ ”?
A. helping Yu Gng mve the muntains
B. giving Sima Guang a stne t break the vat(缸)
C. asking Kng Rng t give away the bigger pears
D. sending the Mnkey King t guard the Peach Garden(蟠桃园)
29. What des the underlined wrd “cincidence” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. 精彩B. 特殊C. 差异D. 巧合
30. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. All the kids went t schl in ancient China.
B. Kids needed t learn all the subjects in ancient times.
C. Educatin is taken seriusly frm ancient China till nw.
D. Ancient peple had a ceremny f starting schl fr girls.
【答案】27. B 28. D 29. D 30. C
【解析】本文主要介绍了中国现代和古代开学都在九月，而且教育历来备受重视。
27.推理判断题。根据“Parents are all excited because their kids are ging back t schl. There’s nthing better than this. Lking back at the nline-class perid, what wke up the parents every mrning was nt their alarms, but their kids’ cming nline classes”（父母们都很兴奋，因为他们的孩子要回学校了。没有比这更好的了。回顾网课时期，每天早上叫醒父母的不是他们的闹钟，而是他们孩子即将到来的网课）可推知家长们在孩子网课期间很累，故选B。
28.推理判断题。根据“At the same time, the parents had t pay full attentin t their kids because there’s n difference between giving a kid an electrnic prduct and ”可知在网课期间父母必须充分关注他们的孩子，因为孩子手握电子产品，一不注意就会玩电子产品。所以D选项“派美猴王去看守蟠桃园”符合，因为美猴王看守蟠桃园一定会偷吃桃子。故选D。
29.词义猜测题。根据第一段“When September cmes, the new term begins.”可知现代学生开学时间是在九月，而古代学生的开学也是从九月的白露开始，所以这很巧，可推测cincidence意为“巧合”。故选D。
30.细节理解题。根据“Educatin has played an imprtant rle in the develpment f China’s sciety. Nwadays, China has prvided nine year free educatin fr each child, and all the kids have a fair chance t enter schl.”和“The ceremny f starting schl was a big thing. It shwed everyne’s best wishes fr a kid.”可知从古代中国到现在，教育一直受到重视。故选C。
Passage 3
（2023·湖北荆门）
When Xing Chuanfa, 34, blws a lifelike tiger ut f sugar in just minutes, thinking he is a magician.
Xing has been blwing sugar figurines（吹糖人） fr twenty years. Blwing sugar figurines is a Chinese traditinal flk art with a histry f ver 600 years and has been listed as a state-level intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产）.
Every mrning, Xing prepares the sugar and drives t different markets in Nanchang t star this magic shw.
He heats the sugar, pulls ff a little t make a ball and blws it int different shapes—a rabbit, a mnkey, and even Bing Dwen Dwen, the masct f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
Hwever busy he is, he ften spares time t drp by clleges t make yung peple knw mre abut the flk art. Many cllege students have been drawn（吸引） t the art. Simn, a freign student, he fund it difficult t make it. Thanks t Xing’s help, Simn finally saw a hrse slwly taking shape.
Simn was deeply mved after learning abut the art. “I just can’t believe the traditinal flk art can be kept s well here. I lve it. Chinese culture shuld be spread arund the wrld,” he said.
This art has been passed dwn fr fur generatins （代） in Xing’s family. His 6-year-ld sn ften blws sugar ballns, just like what he used t d as a child.
“We will pass n the intangible heritage,” said Xing.
8. Frm the passage we can learn that Xing Chuanfa began blwing sugar figurines at the age f ________.
A. 6B. 14C. 20D. 34
9. Which f the fllwing can be the pssible reasn fr Xing Chuanfa t visit clleges?
A. T help yung peple learn drawing skills.
B. T sell his sugar figurines.
C. T draw yung peple clser t the flk art.
D. T shw his magic skills.
10. Accrding t the passage, we can infer （推断） that Simn will mst prbably ________.
A. learn mre abut Chinese culture
B. ffer Xing a helping hand in class
C. stay in China t blw sugar figurines
D. blw perfect sugar figurines next time
11. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage？
A. Xing and His Flk Art f Sweet Blw
B. The Histry f Blwing Sugar Figurines
C. Xing’s Family and Sugar Figurine Skills
D. A Guide and the Intangible Heritages
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A
【解析】本文介绍了吹糖人这种传统艺术，讲述了熊传发吹糖人的过程。
8.推理判断题。根据“When Xing Chuanfa, 34”和“Xing has been blwing sugar figurines（吹糖人） fr twenty years. ”可知熊传发今年34岁，他吹糖人已经20年了，所以他14岁开始吹糖人，故选B。
9.细节理解题。根据“Hwever busy he is, he ften spares time t drp by clleges t make yung peple knw mre abut the flk art. Many cllege students have been drawn（吸引） t the art.”可知熊传发抽出时间来参观大学，是为了让年轻人更多地了解民间艺术。故选C。
10.推理判断题。根据“I lve it. Chinese culture shuld be spread arund the wrld”可知他认为传统文化应该广为传播，所以他最可能要更多了解中国文化，故选A。
11.最佳标题题。本文介绍了吹糖人这种传统艺术，讲述了熊传发吹糖人的过程，所以A选项符合，故选A。
Passage 4
（2023·湖北宜昌）
Zhi Nng was brn in a small twn in Yunnan Prvince. When he was yung, he mved t Kunming with his mther. Feeling like a caged (笼中的) bird in big city, he was bred with the busy and nisy city life and lked frward t nature.
His chance sn came. In 1983, he helped sht a dcumentary abut birds. That experience led him t learn phtgraphy and take phts f flying birds.
In the 1980s, the Internet was nt that ppular in China and cameras were expensive. He managed t brrw a camera and threw himself int studying hw t use it. During that time, the library became his favrite place where he first read sme magazines abut nature. It pened a dr fr him t cnnect with nature.
In 1992, a research prgram was rganized t prtect a type f unusual mnkeys which nly live in China. Usually the hme f these mnkeys has half-a-year-lng winters. It created great challenges fr Zhi Nng’s wrk, but he never drew back. “I didn’t see the mnkeys in the wild until I went int the muntains the third time,” said Zhi Nng. He went int the snw muntains six times just t get valuable phtgraphs f the mnkeys.
Three years later, his wrks wn internatinal prizes. Peple arund the wrld began t pay attentin t the prtectin f wild animals in China. And he is the first Chinese winner f the wrld Wildlife Phtgrapher f the Year.
In rder t call up tns f peple t prtect wildlife with cameras, he started “China Wildlife Phtgraphy Training Camp”. He hpes that mre yung peple will jin in fr the nature prtectin.
31. What can we learn abut Zhi Nng frm Paragraph 1?
A. He felt like a free birdB. He was satisfied with the city life.
C. He was brn in Kunming.D. He wuld like t live in the nature.
32. Which is the right rder f Zhi Nng’s experience?
a. He wn sme prizes in the wrld.
b. He jined in shting a dcumentary.
c. He tk sme pictures f mnkeys.
d. He set up a camp t train phtgraphers.
A a-b-c-dB. b-c-a-dC. c-a-d-bD. d-a-b-c
33. What d the underlined wrds “drew back” mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Gave up.B. Grew up.C. Set ut.D. Put n.
34. Where is the passage prbably taken frm?
A. A diary.B. A survey.C. A magazine.D. a guidebk.
35. What is the best title f the passage?
A. A Phtgrapher’s Way f Prtecting Nature
B. A Dr between Magazines and Nature
C. Difficulties f Taking Wildlife Phts
D. Wrld Attentin t Animal Prtectin
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. A
【解析】本文介绍志农野生动物拍照经历，呼吁人们保护自然。
31.推理判断题。根据“Feeling like a caged (笼中的) bird in big city, he was bred with the busy and nisy city life and lked frward t nature.”可知志农对繁忙吵闹的城市生活厌倦了，期待自然。故选D。
32.细节理解题。根据“His chance sn came. In 1983, he helped sht a dcumentary abut birds. ”可知1983年他拍摄鸟类纪录片，根据“In 1992, a research prgram was rganized t prtect a type f unusual mnkeys which nly live in China.”可知1992年拍摄的猴子，根据“Three years later, his wrks wn internatinal prizes.”可知三年后，也就是1995年，获得国际大奖，根据“In rder t call up tns f peple t prtect wildlife with cameras, he started ‘China Wildlife Phtgraphy Training Camp’.”可知得奖之后建立的中国野生动物摄影训练营，因此正确顺序是b-c-a-d。故选B。
33.词义推断题。根据“I didn’t see the mnkeys in the wild until I went int the muntains the third time,”可知面对困难没有退缩，与give up同义。故选A。
34.推理判断题。本文是人物故事，最有可能出现在杂志上。故选C。
35.最佳标题。根据“ He hpes that mre yung peple will jin in fr the nature prtectin.”和全文可知本文介绍了摄影人保护自然的故事。故选A。
Passage 5
（2023·江苏连云港）
Many f us have seen rainbws in the sky nce the sun starts shining again after it rains. Fr us t see a rainbw, the cnditins need t be just right. We need sme water drps in the air, like rain r even fg, and we need the sun t be behind us and quite lw t the grund. This is because a rainbw is created by light passing thrugh water drps.
The light that cmes frm the sun seems white t us. But the white light we see is made up f a mix f different clrs. When the light ges thrugh a raindrp, these clrs can separate ut. Each f the clrs in the rainbw has a different “wavelength” (波长). Raindrps lk like little balls. When light hits ne f these little balls f water, the light can change directin. We call this “refractin” (折射). Each f the different wavelengths is refracted differently. If the light hits the raindrp at the right place, the refractin separates the wavelengths ut int their different clrs.
We are taught there are seven clrs: red, range, yellw, green, blue, indig and vilet. But this isn’t exactly true. Blue and green are next t each ther in the rainbw, which is why we can see turquise (a mix f blue and green). Brwn is a mix f red and green. But they aren’t next t each ther in the rainbw, s we dn’t see them mix t make brwn.
We wuld never see black and white in a rainbw. Black is what we see when there’s n light at all. On the ther hand, white is a mix f all the clrs tgether. When light is refracted by raindrps, it separates the white light ut, meaning it is n lnger white.
37. We can see a rainbw under the right cnditins because ________.
A. the raindrps are like little ballsB. the light ges thrugh raindrps
C. the sunshine seems t be clrfulD. the weather is fggy after it rains
38. Accrding t the passage, what can we knw abut the clrs in the rainbw?
A. They can becme brwn r black.B. There are nly seven clrs in all.
C. They mix t make the white light.D. Their wn places can be changed.
39. Which part f a magazine may this passage be taken frm?
A. Science.B. Health.C. Culture.D. Fashin.
40. What’s the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw are the clrs received in the rainbw?
B. When can the clrs turn blue in the rainbw?
C. Which clrs aren’t cvered with light in the rainbw?
D. Why can’t we find white, black and brwn in the rainbw?
【答案】37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D
【解析】本文主要介绍了彩虹的形成以及对彩虹颜色知识的科普。
37.细节理解题。根据“This is because a rainbw is created by light passing thrugh water drps.”可知因为光线穿过了雨滴，在合适的条件下，我们可以看到彩虹。故选B。
38.细节理解题。根据“When light is refracted by raindrps, it separates the white light ut, meaning it is n lnger white.”（当光线被雨滴折射时，它将白光分离出来，这意味着它不再是白色的。）可知彩虹的颜色混合在一起发出白光，故选C。
39.推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了彩虹的形成以及对彩虹颜色知识的科普，所以文章应该来自杂志的科学部分，故选A。
40.最佳标题题。根据“We are taught there are seven clrs: red, range, yellw, green, blue, indig and vilet. But this isn’t exactly they aren’t next t each ther in the rainbw, s we dn’t see them mix t make brwn.”和“We wuld never see black and white in a rainbw. ”可知，我们被教导有七种颜色：红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛和紫，但是我们在彩虹中看不见白色，黑色和棕色，所以D选项符合，故选D。
Passage 6
（2023·江苏宿迁）
Family is very imprtant fr everyne, n matter where yu are frm. S in bth East and West, peple have festivals t celebrate family reunins(团聚). These festivals include the Mid-Autumn Festival in China and Thanksgiving Day in the US. Hw are they celebrated and what are the differences? Let’s take a lk.
Sharing the mnlight
The Mid-Autumn Festival is the secnd mst imprtant traditinal festival in China after the Spring Festival. It’s n the 15th day f the eighth mnth f Chinese lunar calendar. In ancient China, the day was cnsidered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain(谷物) had been cllected frm the fields. All the family gt tgether and had a big dinner. They ate a special festival fd-mn cakes and enjyed the full mn.
On that day, the mn is full. The full mn is a symbl fr family reunins which mean tuanyuan in Chinese. Nw peple als celebrate the festival by getting tgether and having a big dinner.
When it gets dark, peple lk up at the full mn, eating mn cakes and missing friends and relatives wh are far frm hme. “We wish each ther a lng life s as t share the beauty f this graceful mnlight, even thugh miles apart!” wrte Su Shi, a famus Sng Dynasty pet.
Shwing thanks
Thanksgiving Day is ne f the biggest hlidays in the US. It’s n the furth Thursday f Nvember. Peple visit their friends and relatives t remind themselves that they are lucky t have happiness, health and family and als t have a rf ver their heads.
In 1621, abut 100 English peple tk a ship, the Mayflwer, and arrived in the nrtheastern US. The winter there was very cld and life was hard. As the American Indians helped them a lt, the English peple asked them t have a big meal with then in rder t express their thanks. The celebratin lasted fr three days.
Tday, peple usually have a family meal n Thanksgiving Day. They enjy delicius fd such as pumpkin scrn and a big, glden turkey.
There are ther traditins n the day. Fr example, the turkey has a V-shaped bne in the breast. It’s called a wishbne. After rasting(烤), tw persns each take ne end f the bne. They make a wish and then pull it. If ne gets the larger part f the bne, he r she will get gd luck.
The mst imprtant part f Thanksgiving Day is t say “thanks”— this is the spirit f the hliday. Peple als like t watch the Thanksgiving Day Parade n TV.
38. Why did peple celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival in ancient China?
A. Because peple culd eat mn cakes.
B. Because peple enjyed the full mn.
C. Because peple culd get tgether with relatives.
D. Because peple had a gd harvest frm the fields.
39 What des the underlined part “t have a rf ver their heads” in the passage prbably mean?
A. T have smewhere t live.B. T have fd t eat.
C. T have friends t talk t.D. T have clthes t wear.
40. What is the spirit f Thanksgiving Day?
A. T pull the bne.B. T play American ftball.
C. T say “thanks”.D. T watch the Parade.
41. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A The backgrund t the tw festivals.B. The intrductin t the tw festivals.
C. The activities f the tw festivals.D. The custms f the tw festivals.
【答案】38. D 39. A 40. C 41. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国和美国庆祝家庭团聚的两个节日——中秋节和感恩节。
38.细节理解题。根据“In ancient China, the day was cnsidered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain(谷物) had been cllected frm the fields.”可知，在中国古代，这一天被认为是丰收的节日，因为水果、蔬菜和谷物已经从田地里收集起来了。故选D。
39.词句猜测题。分析“Peple visit their friends and relatives t remind themselves that they are lucky t have happiness, health and family and als t have a rf ver their heads.”可知，人们拜访他们的朋友和亲戚来提醒自己，他们是幸运的，拥有幸福，健康和家庭，也有一个屋顶在他们的头上。“have a rf ver their heads”的意思是“有地方住”，故选A。
40.细节理解题。根据“The mst imprtant part f Thanksgiving Day is t say ‘thanks’— this is the spirit f the hliday.”可知，感恩节最重要的部分是说“谢谢”——这是这个节日的精神。故选C。
41.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍中国和美国庆祝家庭团聚的两个节日——中秋节和感恩节，故选B。
Passage 7
（2023·江苏扬州）
What wuld happen if yu tried t blw a sap (肥皂) bubble in belw-freezing weather? Wuld it freeze and fall t the grund? Wuld yu have t hit it with a stne t break it? These questins came int my mind ne cld winter day. It was t cld t play in the snw, but it was a perfect time t experiment with blwing frzen bubbles.
T blw frzen bubbles, I had t wait until the air utside was very cld. Fr this activity, that meant 10 degrees belw 0 Fahrenheit r clder. I didn’t have the bubble things that cme in a bttle, s I used dish-washing sap. Adding a drp f glycerin made the sap wrk even better. I chse a place ut f the wind, and blew bubbles the same way I always d. I watched t see what wuld happen. Here’s what I learned.
If the temperature is lw enugh, the skin f the bubble frsts (结霜) ver, becming cludy instead f clear. And what abut thse rainbw swirls (漩涡状物体) that yu see in sap bubbles? The rainbw clrs stay even (均匀的) when the bubbles frst, but they dn’t spin anymre. The bubbles still flat in the air. They dn’t fall t the grund any faster than they wuld n a warm summer day.
When these frzen bubbles break, they dn’t turn int tiny drps f sap as summer bubbles d. They turn int shiny rainbw pieces and fly slwly t the grund. Smetimes a frzen bubble will rll acrss the snw withut breaking. If it breaks, it may leave a strng bubble skin n the grund. Leave the bubble alne and it may stay there fr a lng time.
Smetimes I culd catch a bubble and hld it until the heat f my hand made it pp.
I learned ne ther thing abut blwing frzen bubbles. It’s s much fun. I want t try it again next year!
34. Hw des the writer begin the passage?
A. By cmparing tw types f bubbles.
B. By describing the freezing cld weather.
C. By asking sme questins abut the subject.
D. By presenting the tls needed t d the experiment.
35. What is this passage mainly abut?
A. Making sap that can wrk even better.
B. Making bubbles that will stay lnger.
C. Inventing a new kind f sap that makes clearer bubbles.
D. Finding ut what happens t bubbles in freezing temperatures.
36. Accrding t the passage, what will happen if yu blw frzen sap bubbles?
A. Cld enugh, the skin f the bubbles will stay clear.
B. When the bubbles frst, the rainbw clrs will spin faster.
C. A frzen bubble may rll acrss the snw withut breaking.
D. When these frzen bubbles break, they turn int tiny drps f sap.
37. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. A science clubB. Brken bubbles
C. A happy childD. Frzen bubbles
【答案】34. C 35. D 36. C 37. D
【解析】本文主要介绍作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么而做了一个实验。
34.细节理解题。根据“What wuld happen if yu tried t blw a sap (肥皂) bubble in belw-freezing weather...”可知作者通过几个问题引出文章的话题。故选C。
35.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么，作者做了一个实验。故选D。
36.细节理解题。根据“Smetimes a frzen bubble will rll acrss the snw withut breaking”可知冰冻的气泡会在雪地上滚动而不破裂。故选C。
37.最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么，作者做了一个实验，故文章以“冻结的气泡”为标题最合适。故选D。
Passage 8
（2023·江苏扬州）
The scientific methd is used fr simple experiments that students may d in the classrm r very difficult experiments that scientists are ding all ver the wrld. It is a way f thinking that helps yu t avid drawing incrrect cnclusins.
There are usually fur steps in the scientific methd, including bservatin (观察), hypthesis (假设), experiment, and cnclusin. The steps may nt always be cmpleted in the same rder, but the first step is usually bservatin and asking a questin abut yur bservatin. Fr example, yu had a sick stmach, and ate a candy bar. An hur later, yu bserved that yu felt much better. Here, yu can ask a questin, such as, “What makes a sick stmach feel better?”
The secnd step is t state a pssible answer t the questin, r a hypthesis, such as “” A gd hypthesis includes three things: The explanatin fr the bservatins, it is able t be tested, and it will usually predict new utcmes r cnclusins.
The third step is the experiment, t test the hypthesis. An experiment is a test which will either challenge r supprt the hypthesis. The hypthesis will then be true r false.
The final step is t think abut what happened when yu tested the hypthesis and draw a cnclusin. The cnclusin will either clearly supprt the hypthesis r it will nt. If the results supprt the hypthesis, a cnclusin can be written and yu can share it with the rest f the wrld. If it des nt supprt the hypthesis, yu may chse t change the hypthesis r write a new ne based n what was learned during the experiment.
42. Which sentence best expresses the main idea f the passage?
A. Hw d the fur basic steps in the scientific methd wrk?
B. What makes a gd hypthesis based n the bservatin?
C. The cnclusin will always clearly supprt the hypthesis.
D. Learning the scientific methd may help students succeed in science.
43. Which sentence shuld g in the empty bx in Paragraph 3?
A. A candy bar makes a sick stmach feel better.
B. It was the medicine yu tk an hur earlier that made yu feel better.
C. Eat a candy bar again, and see what happens t yur sick stmach.
D. Ask peple if eating a candy bar has made a sick stmach feel better.
44. What des the underlined wrd “it” in the last paragraph refer t (指的是)?
A. The hypthesis.B. The cnclusin.
C. The questin.D. The bservatin.
45. Which f the fllwing sentences abut the experiment is TRUE?
A. An experiment is a test t always supprt the hypthesis.
B. An experiment des nt have t be part f the scientific methd.
C. An experiment is a test t either challenge r supprt a hypthesis.
D. An experiment is nly used when scientists are trying t prve a hypthesis.
【答案】42. A 43. A 44. B 45. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。
42.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。选项A“科学方法的四个基本步骤是如何工作的？”最能表达出文章主旨。故选A。
43.推理判断题。根据“A gd hypthesis includes three things: The explanatin fr the bservatins, it is able t be tested, and it will usually predict new utcmes r cnclusins.（一个好的假设包括三件事：对观察结果的解释，它能够被检验，它通常会预测新的结果或结论。）”可知A选项“一块糖能让恶心的胃感觉好一点。”是一个好的假设，是一个解释，且能够被检验。故选A。
44.词句猜测题。根据“The cnclusin will either clearly supprt the hypthesis r it will nt.”可知此处“it”指代前面的“The cnclusin”，表示“结论要么明确地支持假设，要么结论不支持假设”。故选B。
45.细节理解题。根据“An experiment is a test which will either challenge r supprt the hypthesis.”可知实验是一种挑战或支持假设的测试。故选C。
Passage 9
（2023·广州）
Cyclcrss is crss-cuntry bicycle racing. Racers spend nly part f a race n their bikes because nly part f the tw-mile race is smth. Other parts f the race have the challenge f bstacles (障碍). When racers reach them, they can ride ver them, r pick up their bikes and run.
T be a tp racer, yu must dismunt withut slwing dwn at all. T d this, swing yur right leg ver the bike seat. At the same time, mve the bike away frm yur bdy. This makes rm fr yur right ft t hit the grund next t yur left ft. As yur right ft nears the grund, take yur left ft away frm the bike. Put bth feet n the grund and start running!
As sn as yu are running, yu have t decide what t d with yur bike. Yu may shulder it r lift it. It’s imprtant t practice bth skills. Smetimes yu need t run fast and jump ver sme bstacles. As yur feet hit the grund, yu reach dwn and catch the bttm f yur bike. Lift up carefully and keep the bike n yur right shulder while yu run. Smetimes yu may lift yur bike. Yu catch the tp f yur bike. Then yu lift the bike high enugh t get ver the bstacles and carefully put the bike n the grund.
After yu have carried yur bike acrss an bstacle, yu will need t remunt. As sn as yur bike is n the grund, push ff with yur left leg, swing yur right leg ver the bike seat, and mve int riding psitin. Remunting can be the hardest skill f cyclcrss. Yu can learn by watching smene wh remunts well.
Cyclcrss is a great way t stay active and have fun. Hwever, it can be dangerus. Make sure that yu are well prepared. Then, yu will just need t g!
8. What can we learn abut cyclcrss frm the text?
A. It’s a n-bstacle bike race.B. It’s a crss-city bike race.
C. It’s a challenging bike race.D. It’s a dangerus running race.
9. What des the underlined wrd “dismunt” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Pick up a bike.B. Get ff a bike.C. Get back n a bike.D. Practice riding a bike.
10. Why des a racer have t shulder a bike in a race?
A. T jump ver bstacles.B. T take care f the bike.
C. T make rm fr thers.D. T hit the grund harder.
11. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The skills f cyclcrss racing.B. The histry f cyclcrss racing.
C. The recrds f cyclcrss racing.D. The ppularity f cyclcrss racing.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了越野自行车比赛的情况，以及成为一名顶级赛车手所要具备的技能。
8.细节理解题。根据“Racers spend nly part f a race n their bikes because nly part f the tw-mile race is smth. Other parts f the race have the challenge f bstacles”可知，这是一个有挑战性的比赛，故选C。
9.词义猜测题。根据“T be a tp racer, yu must dismunt withut slwing dwn at all. T d this, swing yur right leg ver the bike seat. At the same time, mve the bike away frm yur bdy…”可知，要成为一名顶级赛车手，速度必须要快，而且要做到在不减速的情况下从自行车上下来，所以划线单词是指“get ff a bike”，故选B。
10.细节理解题。根据“As sn as yu are running, yu have t decide what t d with yur bike. Yu may shulder it r lift it. It’s imprtant t practice bth skills. Smetimes yu need t run fast and jump ver sme bstacles.”可知，扛着自行车是为了跳过一些障碍，故选A。
11.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了越野自行车比赛的情况，以及成为一名顶级赛车手所要具备的技能，故选A。
Passage 10
（2023·浙江嘉兴）
What time is it? The answer yu give can be different, because yu are in different Earth’s time znes(时区). But hw culd yu tell the time if yu aren’t anywhere n Earth?
Scientists are nw thinking f creating a lunar(月球的) time zne. They believe it wuld be better fr astrnauts t cmmunicate by using Mn Time, as they travel t, frm, and acrss the Mn. At the mment, astrnauts are using time znes f their wn cuntries. But there culd be safety prblems caused by the differences in time-telling.
________ Gravity(引力) influences hw quickly r slwly time passes. Since gravity is weaker n the Mn, clcks run a bit faster there. After 24 hurs, a lunar clck wuld be 56 micrsecnds ahead f a clck n Earth. Anther pint t cnsider is that a full day n Earth is abut 24 hurs between tw sunsets. While n the Mn, it is nearly 709 hurs, abut 29.5 Earth days. This means that lunar nights can be arund tw weeks lng, with nly the Earth and the stars in the sky. With all this t think abut, scientists need t decide whether it wuld be better t fllw a time zne n Earth, r fr the Mn t have its wn special zne, which wuld have much lnger days.
Scientists must cnsider ther prblems t. Fr example, wh shuld be respnsible fr keeping the time zne ging? And hw can it be made practical fr astrnauts t use?
There are mre cuntries planning Mn trips in the future. The idea f creating a time zne n the Mn wuld make these easier. And if a lunar time zne is set up, scientists culd create time znes fr ther planets like Mars.
23. Scientists think that a lunar time zne can ________.
A. keep the Mn cleanB. keep astrnauts healthy
C. make the Mn trips saferD. make space travel faster
24. Which f the fllwing can be put in the blank ________ in Paragraph 3?
A. Setting up a lunar time zne is nt easy.
B. Setting up a special time zne is imprtant.
C. Scientists are hlding different pinins.
D. Scientists need t d a lt f experiments.
25. If the Mn has its wn special time zne, a full day f it can be abut ________ n Earth.
A. 56 micrsecndsB. 24 hursC. tw weeksD. 29.5 days
26. What is the writer’s purpse in writing the passage?
A. T give infrmatin abut space travel.B. T intrduce the idea f Mn Time.
C. T describe an experience f time travel.D. T share news abut landing n Mars.
【答案】23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B
【解析】本文主要介绍了科学家们正在考虑建立一个月球时区。
23.细节理解题。根据“But there culd be safety prblems caused by the differences in time-telling.”可知，计时方式的差异可能会导致安全问题，因此建立月球时区可以使得月球之行更安全，故选 C。
24.推理判断题。根据第二段“ Gravity(引力) influences hw quickly r slwly time passes.”可知，重力影响时间快慢，因此建立月球时区并不容易。故选A。
25.细节理解题。根据“While n the Mn, it is nearly 709 hurs, abut 29.5 Earth days.”可知，而在月球上，它接近709小时，大约是29.5个地球日。故选D。
26.推理判断题。根据全文内容和“What time is it? The answer yu give can be different, because yu are in different Earth’s time znes(时区). But hw culd yu tell the time if yu aren’t anywhere n Earth?”可知，本文主要探讨了建立月球时区。故选B。
Passage 11
（2023·浙江绍兴）
Has a persn ever warmly held a dr pen fr yu? Hw d yu feel after playing with friends? And what wuld yu say is yur favurite family memry? These questins have ne thing in cmmn: they’re all abut cnnecting with peple. “Let’s Cnnect” is the theme f this year’s Children’s Mental (心理的) Health Week. It imprves mental health by building healthy scial cnnectins.
Humans naturally cnnect with thers, whether that’s family, friends r peple in ur cmmunity. Healthy cnnectins give peple energy and supprt we all need peple t celebrate and share ur wrries with. Scial cnnectins aren’t just abut mental health; they imprve physical health t, helping us t live a lng life. Research suggests being lnely can slwly harm yur health. Humans’ need fr cnnectin is different frm persn t persn, but what’s imprtant is nt hw many relatinships yu have, but hw gd yur relatinships are.
Then hw t cnnect with thers? “Yu can reach ut and cnnect with peple in s many different ways,” says Julia Clements f Place2Be, the rganizer behind Children’s Mental Health Week. Yu can cnnect in persn r nline, with yur friends, parents, teachers r classmates. It’s nt just peple, either. “Sme peple feel cnnected with their pets r in nature,” says Clements. She advises making time t build mre cnnectins thrugh actins as well as wrds. Being kind, listening t thers and trying new experiences are all gd tls.
Everybdy may feel lnely smetimes and refuse t talk t thers. Keep in mind that cnnectins change—sme becme strnger, while thers stp. “Remember that there are always peple that care fr yu,” advises Clements. She says it’s imprtant t tell smene yu trust abut hw yu are feeling, r safe rganizatins such as Childline r Shut. They can help, whether yu’re lking t frm new cnnectins r repair a strained (紧张) relatinship that is imprtant t yu.
23. The writer uses three questins in the beginning t ________.
A. express wrries abut humansB. lead int the tpic “scial cnnectins”
C. intrduce health prblemsD. interest readers in family memry
24. Paragraph 2 is mainly abut the ________ f cnnecting with thers.
A. waysB. ppularityC. imprtanceD. rules
25. Clements may agree that ________.
A. it is better t cnnect with pets than peple
B. using wrds is the best way t build cnnectins
C. peple shuld nly cmmunicate with thers face t face
D talking t thers can be helpful t a lnely persn
26. The passage is mst prbably written fr ________.
A. teachersB. parentsC. childrenD. dctrs
【答案】23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍健康的社会关系来改善心理健康。
23.推理判断题。根据“Has a persn ever warmly held a dr pen fr yu? Hw d yu feel after playing with friends? And what wuld yu say is yur favurite family memry? These questins have ne thing in cmmn: they’re all abut cnnecting with peple.”可知，作者用问题得出共同点：它们都是关于与人交往的；结合“It imprves mental health by building healthy scial cnnectins.”可知，是为了引出“社会关系”这一话题，故选B。
24.段落大意题。分析“Healthy cnnectins give peple energy and supprt we all need peple t celebrate and share ur wrries with. Scial cnnectins aren’t just abut mental health; they imprve physical health t, helping us t live alng life. Research suggests being lnely can slwly harm yur health.”可知，介绍了健康的人际关系和社会关系的好处，以及孤独的坏处。所以本段主要介绍的是与他人联系的重要性，故选C。
25.推理判断题。根据“She advises making time t build mre cnnectins thrugh actins as well as wrds.”和“Everybdy may feel lnely smetimes and refuse t talk t thers. Keep in mind that cnnectins change-sme becme strnger, while thers stp.”可知，她建议花时间通过行动和语言来建立更多的联系，每个人都有孤独的时候，会拒绝和别人说话，但是与人联系会产生改变。由此可知，克莱门茨可能会同意与他人交谈对孤独的人有帮助这一看法。故选D。
26.推理判断题。根据“Yu can cnnect in persn r nline, with yur friends, parents, teachers r classmates.”可知，你可以亲自或在线与你的朋友、父母、老师或同学联系。由此推知，本文是写给孩子们的，故选C。
Passage 12
（2023·浙江宁波）
Plants are mre than just pretty t lk at. They give us fruits, vegetables and fd we eat. Sme plants even prvide materials fr medicine r building things. But d yu knw that plants can d smething even mre amazing? They can make ur hmes, schls and wrkplaces much healthier.
We spend a large part f ur day indrs. Unluckily, the air inside buildings can ften be full f chemicals（化学物质）frm many things arund us. This pr air quality（质量）can make us feel sick, causing sre eyes and thrats, and even making it hard fr us t breathe. When the air inside buildings gets really bad, peple even call them “sick buildings”.
The gd news is that plants are like nature’s little superheres. They have a magic pwer fighting against bad air. Plants breathe in carbn dixide (CO2) and breathe ut xygen (O2) which we humans need t live. They can als add misture t the air if it’s t dry, making it mre cmfrtable fr us t breathe.
________ Scientists have discvered that plants have the ability t take in harmful chemicals, making the air arund us safer t breathe. They set up a cmpletely clsed building called “bi-hme” fr experiments. Befre they added plants, the air inside was full f chemicals and peple fund it hard t breathe. But after they added plants, the air gt much cleaner and it became easier t breathe. T make the air inside even better, the scientists used different kinds f plants. After a while, the building wasn’t a “sick building” any mre. Peple culd g inside withut feeling unwell.
S yu see, plants are fantastic! They are nt nly beautiful t lk at, but they als prvide us with fd, help create materials and play an imprtant rle in ur health. They make ur indr envirnments cleaner and healthier, making us feel better. Next time yu see a plant, remember all the amazing things it can d fr us!
27. Which f the fllwing is ne way fr plants t imprve the air inside buildings?
A. They breathe ut carbn dixide.B. They prduce xygen.
C. They give ut harmful chemicals.D. They make the air dry.
28. Which can be the best t fill in the blank ________ in Paragraph 4?
A. But the mst amazing thing plants can d is t clean the air.
B. But ne interesting thing plants can d is t build things.
C. But plants can prvide what humans need t eat.
D. But plants can be used t make medicine fr humans.
29. Hw des the writer supprt his pinin abut plants imprving air quality?
A. By telling persnal experiences.B. By prviding numbers and frms.
C. By questining famus scientists.D. By using scientific experiments.
30. What des the writer mainly want t tell us?
A. Plants are imprtant fr prviding fd.B. Plants make peple lk much better.
C. Plants are gd fr indr envirnments.D. Plants make it easier t build huses.
【答案】27 B 28. A 29. D 30. C
【解析】本文介绍了植物在室内环境中发挥的重要作用。
27.细节理解题。根据“Plants breathe in carbn dixide (CO2) and breathe ut xygen (O2) which we humans need t live.”可知室内环境中充满了化学物质，但是植物可以呼出人们需要的氧气。故选B。
28.推理判断题。根据“Scientists have discvered that plants have the ability t take in harmful chemicals, making the air arund us safer t breathe.”可知植物能够吸收有害化学物质，使我们周围的空气呼吸更安全。选项A“但植物能做的最神奇的事情是清洁空气。”符合语境。故选A。
29.细节理解题。根据“Scientists have discvered that plants have the ability t take in harmful chemicals, making the air arund us safer t breathe. They set up a cmpletely clsed building called ‘bi-hme’ fr experiments. Befre they added plants, the air inside was full f chemicals and peple fund it hard t breathe. But after they added plants, the air gt much cleaner and it became easier t breathe. T make the air inside even better, the scientists used different kinds f plants. After a while, the building wasn’t a ‘sick building’ any mre. Peple culd g inside withut feeling unwell.”可知作者通过讲述科学家做的实验，来说明植物改善空气质量。故选D。
30.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了植物在室内环境中发挥的重要作用。故选C。
Passage 13
（2023·北京）
D yu knw that ver 1/3 f all fd prduced in the wrld ges t waste? Accrding t the United Natins (UN), every year arund the wrld, abut ne billin (十亿) tns f fd is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly ne billin peple wh g hungry. Simply 1/4 f the fd wasted is enugh t keep them ut f hunger. In additin, the wasted fd prduces ver three billin tns f carbn dixide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we d t slve this fd waste prblem?
One effective slutin is balancing fd prductin with demand (需求). In htels and ther similar places, special instruments shuld be used s that cking specialists just prepare and ck fd as it is rdered.
Anther effective slutin is starting prgrams t reduce (减少) fd waste. Stres and buyers can try their best t be creative in fd waste reductin. Fr example, stres can prvide custmers with instructins telling them hw t make full use f fd. Buyers can try nt fixing their eyes nly n fd f the best quality (质量). Smetimes, the fd f nn-tp quality is als gd enugh t eat, r can be bught and then used t make delicius dishes.
One f the hardest slutins t achieve is fr each and every ne t buy and prepare fd with a plan f their wn s that less fd is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use f meal plans in preparing fd can play an imprtant rle in ending fd waste in the family.
Fd recycling is ne f the knwn slutins. Effrts are nw already in prgress. Fd that is nt safe fr humans t eat is recycled int ther prducts such as animal feeds and clthing. Yet, there is still a lng way t g and much fr imprvement in this area.
In a wrd, fd waste has been ne f the biggest prblems in the wrld that have influenced us greatly. Many slutins have been fund and many mre are yet t be wrked ut. If each f us can put in mre effrts, fd waste is sure t be reduced fr the gd f ur future.
27. Accrding t the passage, what is a pssible result f fd waste?
A. The prblem f wrldwide hunger.B. A big increase in fd prductin.
C The speed-up f climate change.D. A sudden drp in ppulatin.
28. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Fd recycling has been hugely successful.B. Buyers shuld give up nn-tp quality fd.
C. Stres shuld train peple t make delicius dishes.D. Meal plans in the family are hard t put int practice.
29. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Benefits f reducing fd waste.B. Slutins t the fd waste prblem.
C. The imprtance f fighting fd waste.D. The attitude t the fd waste prblem.
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。
27.细节理解题。根据“In additin, the wasted fd prduces ver three billin tns f carbn dixide (CO2), which speeds up climate change.”可知食物浪费可能造成的一个结果是气候变化的加速。故选C。
28.细节理解题。根据“One f the hardest slutins t achieve is fr each and every ne t buy and prepare fd with a plan f their wn s that less fd is wasted.”可知家庭的膳食计划很难付诸实施。故选D。
29.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“What can we d t slve this fd waste prblem?”以及通读全文可知主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。
Passage 14
（2023·四川重庆）
Diagram(图表) r Survey Result
①AI (artificial intelligence人工智能) and machine learning refer t the ability f machines t learn and act intelligently. It means they can make decisins, finish tasks, and even tell the pssible future results based n what they learn frm data(数据).
②AI and machine learning already play a bigger rle in everyday life than yu might imagine. Health care, banking, vide games, every search n the Internet yu make..., all are driven by AI.
③AI is ging t change almst every field f mdern life. Stephen Hawking said, “Success in creating AI wuld be the biggest event in human histry.” And Hawking added at nce, “Unluckily, it might als be the last, unless we learn hw t avid the risks.”
④ ▲ , especially when yu cnsider sme cuntries are racing t develp AI-enabled autnmus weapns(人工智能自主武器). It is als ging t change and take the place f many human jbs. The same wrries als cme frm the public. Accrding t the survey result frm Centre fr the Gvernance f AI, 91% f the peple (tend t and ttally) agree that “AI is a technlgy that requires careful management” in Eurpe.
⑤But rather than agreeing with an idea f a helpless future where all human jbs are given ver t rbts, sme peple believe AI will make n wrking lives better. It will imprve the wrk f humans, and new jbs will appear t take the place f the ld nes.
⑥What’s mre, machines becme mre intelligent and they are able t finish mre human tasks. Things which nly belng t humans lie creativity and critical(批判性的) thinking, will becme even mre valuable in the future.
⑦Like it r nt, AI is here. Maybe changing urselves and managing it well are the best way ut. Just as Benjamin Franklin nce said, “When yu’re finished changing, yu’re finished.”
36. Which paragraph des the diagram mainly supprt?
A. ②B. ③C. ④D. ⑤
37. Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ?
A. As we knw, there are pssible huge risks fr sciety and human life
B. Als, yu can find AI serving ur daily life in every pssible field
C. Withut dubt, AI is a fantastic technlgy t lead us int the future
D. Humans ate surely mre creative and better at many things than AI
38. What’s the purpse f writing the passage?
A. T warn us that AI will take humans’ place.
B. T shw us that there are a lt f uses f AI.
C. T tell us that many peple are wrried abut AI.
D. T suggest we prepare fr the changes brught by AI.
39. Which f the fllwing shws the structure f this passage?
A. B. C. D.
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D
【解析】本文主要介绍了人工智能在生活中的用处以及人们的担心，建议为人工智能带来的变化做好准备。
36.推理判断题。根据第四段“Accrding t the survey result frm Centre fr the Gvernance f AI, 91% f the peple (tend t and ttally) agree that ‘AI is a technlgy that requires careful management’ in Eurpe.”可知根据人工智能治理中心的调查结果，91%的人（倾向于并且完全）同意欧洲“人工智能是一种需要谨慎管理的技术”，故图表支持第四段的内容。故选C。
37.推理判断题。根据“especially when yu cnsider sme cuntries are racing t develp AI-enabled autnmus weapns”以及“The same wrries als cme frm the public”可知当你考虑到一些国家正在竞相开发人工智能自主武器时，人类可能会面临危险，选项A“正如我们所知，社会和人类生活可能面临巨大风险”放于此处。故选A。
38.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能在生活中的用处以及人们的担心，建议为人工智能带来的变化做好准备。故选D。
39.篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出了人工智能的话题；第二段介绍了人工智能在生活中的运用；第三段和第四段表明人工智能是一种需要谨慎管理的技术；第五段和第六段介绍了一些人支持人工智能的原因；第七段进行总结。故选项D符合文章的结构。故选D。
Passage 15
（2023·四川重庆B卷）
① Green is the clr f nature and the symbl f life. Fr thusands f years, humans have fllwed the laws f nature t live in harmny (和谐) with nature.
② That has been seen in ancient Chinese huses. Ancient Chinese ften built their hmes at the ft f the muntain with a river running nearby. The muntains culd stp the cld wind frm the nrth and the river prvided water fr life. Mst huses were als built facing suth r west s that the rms were able t get enugh sunshine in winter and keep cl in summer.
③ In mdern times, humans didn’t fllw the laws f nature during fast develpment. Luckily, it’s never t late t make changes.
④ Green develpment is the gal f all cuntries. On April 23, 2016, China signed the Paris Agreement n climate change, giving a strng push t the internatinal effrts against glbal (全球的) warming.
⑤ Als in China, the gvernment added green develpment t the cuntry’s wrk plans. Frm 1999 t the end f 2018, by carrying ut Mther River Prtectin Operatin, China raised 600 millin yuan t build ver 5,700 green prjects. Thrugh internatinal cperatin (合作), ver 98.32 millin trees were planted acrss China.
⑥ Denmark is a leading cuntry in wind and slar technlgies. This year Denmark has started the “Pwer-t-X” plan, prviding abut 1.25 billin krner (abut 1.27 billin yuan) fr prjects prducing hydrgen (氢气).
⑦ Builders acrss the wrld are als playing a rle in green develpment. In Chicag, pressed newspaper, recycled glass and plastic are used n buildings. In Bali, the green schl is made frm bamb. The schl gets its electricity (电) frm slar panels (太阳能电池板), water pwer and a generatr that burns farm waste.
⑧ Fllwing the laws f nature is the nly way ut. A small mve in ne cuntry may influence the glbal cmmunity as a whle. Let’s jin ur hands t make the wrld a better place fr nw and future.
36. What d we knw abut the ancient Chinese huses?
A. They were built n the muntains.B. They were built far frm rivers.
C. They were built facing suth r west.D. They were built t get enugh wind.
37. Hw des the writer develp his idea in Paragraph 7?
A. By explaining the results.B. By raising questins.
C. By cmparing differences.D. By giving examples.
38. Which f the fllwing wuld the writer agree with?
A. Everyne is part f the green develpment.
B. Green buildings are the future f the wrld.
C. Green develpment is just prtecting nature.
D. The future f humans depends n technlgy.
39. Which is the best structure f this passage?
A. B. C. D.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. C
【解析】本文介绍绿色是自然的颜色，也是生命的象征。人类遵循自然规律，与自然和谐相处。
36．细节理解题。根据“Mst huses were als built facing suth r west”可知，大多数房屋也朝南或朝西建造，故选C。
37.推理判断题。分析第七段内容可知，作者通过举例说明世界各地的建筑商也在绿色发展中发挥着作用。故选D。
38.推理判断题。根据“A small mve in ne cuntry may influence the glbal cmmunity as a whle. Let’s jin ur hands t make the wrld a better place fr nw and future.”可知，一个国家的一个小举动可能会影响整个国际社会。让我们携起手来，为现在和未来创造一个更美好的世界。由此可知，作者认为人人都是绿色发展的一份子。故选A。
39.篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第①段总述，引出下文；第②、③段并列，分别介绍中国古代的房屋和现代人类的快速发展；第④⑤⑥段介绍现代人类的快速发展中各国的绿色发展，第⑦段介绍现代人类的快速发展中丹麦在风能和太阳能技术；第⑧段总结全文。故选C。

考向四 议论文
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨。议论文特别注意主题句，往往有总说和分说的关系，主题句往往出现在第一句或最后归纳总结句中。
二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解。与前面做题相同。
三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图。议论文一定有作者的观点，要正确把握。
（2023·杭州）
We all enjy being part f a grup—there’s n better wrk than teamwrk, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwrk can be hard. In fact, it was s difficult that I left my ffice jb and started wrking frm hme n my wn. It’s a much better fit fr me, and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier.
Persnalities (个性) can make teamwrk difficult. There’s ften smene n the team that puts their needs first. The team ften ges alng with this persn, whse ideas might nt be the best, just the ludest. Just ne difficult persnality can make teamwrk hard. Cmbine (结合) several challenging persnality types, and it’s even harder.
Nt having enugh time tgether can als make teamwrk challenging. Fr example, I was nce n a team where we never had enugh time t meet as a grup. T successfully wrk as a team, yu need time tgether—and lts f it.
A final reasn teamwrk is difficult is because there’s ften n training n hw t wrk n a team. Yu can’t just put peple in a rm and expect them t wrk well with each ther. Yu need t build trust with yur team members. Think f ftball players: They aren’t just given a ball and tld t play. They practice, and they train.
Team can be hard, but wrking alne has its challenges, t. When my cmputer desn’t wrk, I dn’t have an IT persn t turn t. When I have a great idea, I dn’t have anyne t share it with t see if it really is a great idea. Dn’t get me wrng—I still like my team f ne and enjy making all f the imprtant decisins myself. But nw I realize what was wrng with the teamwrk I did in the past and hw gd teamwrk culd be if dne crrectly. And that’s useful infrmatin—because ne day I might want t turn my ME TEAM int a WE TEAM.
12. Why did the writer chse t wrk frm hme n his wn?
A. T keep himself busier.B. T keep himself healthier.
C. T make his jb easier.D. T make his team harder.
13. Which f the fllwing makes teamwrk difficult?
A. Strng persnality.B. Lts f teamwrk time.C. Challenging ideas.D. Clear team rles.
14. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. WE TEAM has hardly any advantages.B. ME TEAM needs a lt f IT engineers.
C. ME TEAM has n challenges fr the writer.D. WE TEAM may be the writer’s chice ne day.
15. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T shw the advantages f teamwrk.B. T tell the imprtance f teamwrk.
C. T intrduce the influence f teamwrk.D. T explain the difficulties f teamwrk.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】本文主要解释了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。
12.细节理解题。根据“Teamwrk can be hard. In fact, it was s difficult that I left my ffice jb and started wrking frm hme n my wn.”可知，作者选择自己在家工作是因为团队合作太难了，他想让工作更简单。故选C。
13.细节理解题。根据“Persnalities (个性) can make teamwrk difficult.”可知，成员的个性会使团队合作变得困难。故选A。
14.细节理解题。根据“because ne day I might want t turn my ME TEAM int a WE TEAM.”可知，“大家的团队”也许有一天会成为作者的选择。故选D。
15.主旨大意题。根据主旨句“Teamwrk can be hard… and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier.”可知，本文的目的是为了解释团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。故选D。
Passage 1
（2023·广州）
Cmputer scientist Mary has an idea fr a new rbt t help her wrk with children. Hw shuld it lk? The rbt shuld have arms t be able t lift things. And if it is ging t cmmunicate with peple, it will als need a face. Scientists believe that giving a rbt a face can make it seem mre friendly. Humans wuld als like t pay mre attentin t rbts with faces. But what kind?
Fr Mary, she wants t make sure that her new rbt desn’t lk t much like a human. She wants peple t just treat it as a machine-persn. If it lks mre like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary als believes that rbt faces dn’t need t lk a lt like urs. Her research shws that we can enjy cmmunicating with rbts whether r nt they lk like humans, because ur brains are able t lk fr faces. Just put tw circles n tp f a rbt’s bdy, and we will see a face.
Dave feels differently. He believes that althugh at first we might be afraid when seeing a rbt with a lifelike face, we may sn get used t it. If rbts are ging t wrk clsely with humans, they shuld lk as much like us as pssible. After all, faces are an imprtant part f the way we cmmunicate.
T make his rbts lk as much like real peple as pssible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) fr their faces. With this skin, rbts can shw human-like expressins and appear t be angry, sad, happy r surprised. Dave’s rbts are als prgrammed t cpy expressins. Hw? Just imagine his rbt is lking at yu. The cameras in its eyes send pictures f yur face t its central cmputer!
33. Why d scientists think a rbt needs a face?
A. It will becme mre beautiful.B. It can d better in lifting things.
C. It will pay mre attentin t children.D. It can better cmmunicate with peple.
34. What des the underlined wrd “creepy” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Uncmfrtable t lk at.B. Impssible t tuch.
C. Bring t talk t.D. Difficult t understand.
35. Which f the fllwing wuld Dave mst prbably agree with?
A. Peple shuld treat rbts as humans.
B. Rbts need t express their wn feelings.
C. Rbts shuldn't lk t much like humans.
D. Peple can easily accept rbts with a human face.
36. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T explain the reasns why rbts shuld have faces.
B. T suggest what humans can d with rbts with faces.
C. T share ideas n what kind f faces rbts shuld have.
D. T shw hw scientists invent rbts with different faces.
【答案】33. D 34. A 35. D 36. C
【解析】本文主要介绍两个人对机器人是否要有人形脸持有的不同看法。
33.细节理解题。根据“And if it is ging t cmmunicate with peple, it will als need a face.”可知要与人交流，故需要脸。故选D。
34.词义猜测题。根据“If it lks mre like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid.”可知划线词与“feel afraid”并列，结合选项可知应是“看着不舒服”。故选A。
35.细节理解题。根据“He believes that althugh at first we might be afraid when seeing a rbt with a lifelike face, we may sn get used t it.”可知尽管机器人有人形脸可能一开始看起来令人害怕，但是我们会很快适应，说明人们能轻松地接受人形脸的机器人。故选D。
36.主旨大意题。本文主要讨论机器人需要什么脸型，C项符合。故选C。
Passage 2
（2023·江苏苏州）
Teenagers need eight t ten hurs f sleep per night. Hwever, in adlescence (青春期) changes t the bdy’s sleep cycle make it difficult fr teens t fall asleep early. Many cannt fall asleep until 10:30 p.m. r even later and mst f them will feel sleepy if they have t get up t early.
Scientists recmmend that bth middle and high schls begin n earlier than 8:30 a.m. Later schl start times supprt the natural needs f teenagers and increase their sleeping time.
Here are sme ther benefits f later schl start times:
Mre time fr a healthy breakfast
When running late in the mrnings, students are likely t g withut breakfast. With an empty stmach, ne finds it difficult t fcus (集中) in class. When they are always in a hurry, students may frm unhealthy eating habits.
With extra time befre ging t schl, students can eat a well-balanced breakfast and fcus mre n learning.
Fewer behaviral (行为) prblems
Teens experience md changes as a cmmn result f this special perid f life. Less sleep may cause wrries, stress and unhappiness.
When they get enugh sleep, students are calm and peaceful and their mds d nt change suddenly. They’re less likely t feel wrried, unhappy r get angry. Fr parents, children with mre sleep are easier t live with.
Better perfrmance (表现) in study
Sleep lss hurts attentin, memry and brain develpment. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attentin in class and are likely t have lwer grades. Students with enugh sleep can be mre energetic during the day and mre willing t learn. They are als less likely t fall asleep in class and mre able t understand what they learn.
In cnclusin, starting schl later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It imprves their chances f eating, behaving and perfrming better.
18. Accrding t the passage, what may cause teenagers t stay up?
A. Their lw grades.B. Their empty stmachs.
C. Their bdy’s sleep cycle.D. Their heavy hmewrk.
19. Hw can sleep lss influence students’ study?
A. It gives them much energy.B. It des harm t the brain.
C. It saves mre time fr study.D. It imprves their memry.
20. What’s the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A. T explain reasns fr students’ stress.
B. T describe bad habits caused by sleep lss.
C. T discuss scientists’ research n healthy fd.
D. T intrduce benefits f later schl start times.
21. In which part f the website can yu prbably find this passage?
A. Educatin.B. Fashin.C. Sprts.D. Technlgy.
【答案】18. C 19. B 20. D 21. A
【解析】本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处。
18.细节理解题。根据“Hwever, in adlescence changes t the bdy’s sleep cycle make it difficult fr teens t fall asleep early.”可知青少年身体睡眠周期的变化是他们难以入睡。故选C。
19.细节理解题。根据“Sleep lss hurts attentin, memry and brain develpment. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attentin in class and are likely t have lwer grades.”可知睡眠不足会影响大脑发育。故选B。
20.推理判断题。根据“In cnclusin, starting schl later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It imprves their chances f eating, behaving and perfrming better.”可知本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处。故选D。
21.推理判断题。通读全文可知本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处，是关于学生教育的，最有可能在“教育网站”看到这篇文章。故选A。
Passage 3
（2023·江苏镇江）
Bicycles have lng been a kind f transprt in China. In the past, nly a small grup f peple thught cycling a sprt. Nw mre and mre peple discver the jy f it.
________ Riders share their favurite rutes and health tips abut cycling n sme apps like Xiahngshu r Sina Weib. On Xiahngshu, there are mre than 2.5 millin psts (帖子) abut cycling, and n Weib, the tpic abut cycling has been viewed mre than 700 millin times. A bicycle cmpany says the sales in ne f its stres rse 20% t 30%, cmpared t the same perid a year earlier. Cycling activities are als welcmed. Accrding t the Chinese Cycling Assciatin, at least 20 millin peple have jined in the sprt.
Peple turn t cycling as mre peple care abut their health and their demand fr utdr exercise becmes strnger. Fr peple wh have begun cycling, the sprt seems t prvide a gd way t run away frm the busy city life. It als gives them a strnger sense f being part f the natural envirnment. Thugh the sprt cycling smetimes csts a lt, many cyclists think spending mney n their wn bdies is mre valuable than n ther items. Mre peple take part in cycling as cities in China are als planning t build mre cycle-nly lanes (车道). Several years ag, Beijing started building the city’s first cycle-nly lane. Since its pening, the lane has seen a larger daily traffic flw. Such lanes are als being built in sme ther cities.
29. Which f the fllwing sentences is the mst suitable fr the blank (空格) in Paragraph 2?
A. Cycling has a lng histry.B. Cycling becmes a ht tpic.
C. Cycling csts a lt f mney.D. Cycling brings several advantages.
30. The underlined wrd “demand” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. needB. planC. designD. talent
31. What’s the purpse f this passage?
A. It advises cities t build cycling lanes.
B. It shws the sales f cycling are ging up.
C. It intrduces cycling is becming ppular.
D. It recmmends gd cycling rutes t peple.
【答案】29 B 30. A 31. C
【解析】本文主要介绍了随着越来越多的人关心自己的健康，他们对户外运动的需求也越来越强烈，人们开始骑自行车，骑自行车变得越来越受欢迎。
29.推理判断题。根据“On Xiahngshu, there are mre than 2.5 millin psts (帖子) abut cycling...”可知本段主要介绍了骑自行车非常受欢迎，选项B“骑自行车成热门话题”符合语境。故选B。
30.词义猜测题。根据“Peple turn t cycling as mre peple care abut their health and their demand fr utdr exercise becmes strnger”可知随着越来越多的人关心自己的健康，他们对户外运动的需求也越来越强烈，人们开始骑自行车，故此处划线部分意为“需求”，和need意义相近。故选A。
31.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了随着越来越多的人关心自己的健康，他们对户外运动的需求也越来越强烈，人们开始骑自行车，骑自行车变得越来越受欢迎。故选C。
Passage 4
（2023·浙江嘉兴）
Rger Federer, a wrld-famus sprts star, quit(放弃) the 2020 Olympic Games t deal with his knee prblem. It was a hard decisin because n ne wanted t be a quitter. But finding the curage t let g can be gd fr yu.
Nthing is fun all the time. Sticking at smething difficult teaches us imprtant skills like perseverance(毅力). Hwever, learning t let g when things aren’t right is imprtant t. Maybe yur heart isn’t in playing the pian any mre, r yu nly play ftball because yur friends d and yu want t try a different sprt instead. Making the decisin t walk away can free up time and energy t spend n smething yu really enjy. In fact, studies shw that letting g f gals yu can’t reach, r dn’t really want, can build up yur cnfidence and help yu lead a happier and healthier life.
But hw can yu knw it’s time t stp and mve n? Eric Bean is an expert in sprts psychlgy(心理学) wh helps athletes and teams understand their feelings. He says, “Quitting is never a matter f black and white.” He suggests thinking carefully abut why yu aren’t enjying smething any mre. Is it because yu’ve argued with a teammate r can’t get n with a new art teacher? Talk abut this with a trusted adult r friend. That can help yu decide whether yu shuld stay and stick, r quit and mve n.
Quitting desn’t have t mean ttally giving up, thugh. Fr example, playing an instrument might be mre fun if yu take away the pressure f exams. If yu d decide t give up an activity, Bean suggests picking up anther where yu can still enjy things like teamwrk, creativity, and exercise.
27. The writer mentins “Rger Federer” in Paragraph 1 t shw that ________.
A we shuld never give upB. we shuld get away frm truble
C. it’s all right t stp and quitD. it’s difficult t win Olympic medals
28. Accrding t Paragraph 2, learning t let g is imprtant because we can ________.
A. learn abut perseveranceB. have enugh mney t spend
C. live a busier and fuller lifeD. feel mre cnfident in urselves
29. By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that ________.
A. it’s nt gd t stick at things we dn’t like
B. we shuld think twice befre quitting an activity
C. we dn’t have t take exams t shw ur true abilities
D. it’s wiser t pick up a new hbby than t keep the ld ne
30. Which culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. Knwing When t StpB. Wrking Hard t Mve n
C. Learning Hw t Grw upD. Starting Early t Make Changes
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A
【解析】本文主要讲述了人们应该知道何时停止。
27.推理判断题。根据“But finding the curage t let g can be gd fr yu.”以及“In fact, studies shw that letting g f gals yu can’t reach, r dn’t really want, can build up yur cnfidence and help yu lead a happier and healthier life.”可知，以“Rger Federer”为例是为了说明有时放弃也是好的，故选C。
28.细节理解题。根据“In fact, studies shw that letting g f gals yu can’t reach, r dn’t really want, can build up yur cnfidence and help yu lead a happier and healthier life.”可知，放弃你无法达到的目标，或者你不想要的目标，可以建立你的信心，帮助你过上更快乐、更健康的生活。故选D。
29.词句猜测题。根据“He suggests thinking carefully abut why yu aren’t enjying smething any mre.”可知，他建议仔细思考为什么不再享受某件事，也就是建议人们三思而行，故选B。
30.最佳标题题。根据“Quitting desn’t have t mean ttally giving up, thugh.”和“But hw can yu knw it’s time t stp and mve n?”可知，本文主要讲述了人们应该知道何时停止，故选A。
Passage 5
（2023·浙江宁波）
①Have yu ever thught abut what’s mre imprtant, lking fashinable r feeling cmfrtable? Yu might have nticed many peple chsing style ver cmfrt and sme even g t extremes（极端）t fllw fashin. But we shuld remember: being fashinable isn’t everything. It’s mre imprtant t be healthy.
②Sme peple believe that they need t be a certain size t lk gd. S, they start extreme diets（日常饮食）that are nt gd fr their health. They might nt eat meals r eat t little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way t live?
③Als, many girls wear shes with very high heels. They might think high heels make them lk taller. But these shes can actually hurt their feet and make it hard t walk cmfrtably, and it can increase risks f falls. Sme even wear tight（紧的）clthes that influence bld circulatin（循环）making it hard t breathe. Shuld we put fashin ver cmfrt and physical health?
④Besides, sme bys and girls spend a lt f time and mney changing their hair clr. The material they use is usually harmful t their health. T make their hair straight r curly, they als use tls that are ht enugh t burn their hair. But using these tls t ften r at very high temperatures can make the hair dry r even burnt. Is it really wrth it t risk ur health, spending s much time and mney?
⑤S, let’s rethink what’s really imprtant. Is it fashin r is it ur well-being? Clthes r hairstyles dn’t tell us anything abut a persn’s character. Instead f spending a lt f time chsing clthes, we culd use that time t d fun things with friends. And instead f fllwing extreme diets, let’s eat prperly and exercise regularly. Remember, yur wrth is nt decided by yur appearance, but by wh yu are as a persn.
23. Why d sme peple g n extreme diets accrding t the passage?
A. Because the diets are healthy.B. Because they just want t lk gd.
C. Because they want t save time.D. Because they want t save mney.
24. What is the writer’s purpse f using a questin in each paragraph?
A. T ask fr help frm readers.B. T tell hw t spend time and mney.
C. T describe the latest fashin.D. T lead readers t think abut the tpic.
25. What des the underlined wrd “well-being” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Grwth.B. Health.C. Warmth.D. Wealth.
26. Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
A. B. C. D.
【答案】23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了当今人们为了追求时尚过一种不健康的生活方式，个人的价值不是由你的外表决定的，而是由你这个人决定的。健康的生活才是最重要的。
23.细节理解题。根据“Sme peple believe that they need t be a certain size t lk gd. S, they start extreme diets（日常饮食）that are nt gd fr their health.”可知，因为他们想看起来好看，故选B。
24.推理判断题。根据“It’s mre imprtant t be healthy”以及每一段的问题可知，作者提出这些问题是为了让读者思考“健康才是更重要的”这个主题，故选D。
25.词义猜测题。根据“Is it a healthy way t live” “Shuld we put fashin ver cmfrt and physical health”及“Is it really wrth it t risk ur health, spending s much time and mney”可知，作者提出的每个观点都是围绕“健康”和“时尚”哪一个更重要，所以划线单词与health同义，故选B。
26.篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出本文的主题，第二段到第四段介绍人们为了追求时尚的一些不健康生活方式；第五段是总结，故选A。
Passage 6
（2023·浙江台州）
The race is n t get mre electric cars n the rad. Peple predict that electric cars might be mre cmmn in the future. But accrding t a 2021 survey by Pew Research Center, mre than half f U, S, adults like gas-pwered cars better. They say electric cars are expensive and charging (充电) them is a big prblem. Fr nw, mst peple plan t stick with gas-pwered cars. We ask yung readers what they think abut electric cars.
27. Over half f the American adults agree that electric cars ________ accrding t the survey.
A. have n prblem in chargingB. are bad fr the envirnment
C. are expensive and less cnvenientD. can wrk better in cld weather
28. The underlined wrd “pricey” prbably means “________”.
A. fastB. slwC. cheapD. expensive
29. Sandy develps her idea mainly by ________.
A. telling striesB. listing factsC. asking questinsD. using sayings
30. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
A. Shuld all cars be electric?
B. Will cars be cmmn in the future?
C. Can electric cars help slw climate change?
D. Are gas-pwered cars bad fr the envirnment?
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了两个学生对于电动汽车的看法。
27.细节理解题。根据“They say electric cars are expensive and charging (充电) them is a big prblem”可知超过一半的美国成年人认为电动汽车很贵而且充电是一个大问题。故选C。
28.词义猜测题。根据“Sme peple think electric cars are pricey. But their prices are cming dwn”可知转折词前表示电动汽车的价格很高，故划线部分意为“昂贵的”。故选D。
29.推理判断题。根据“charging statins are less cmmn than gas statins...”可知Sandy通过列举了一些事实信息介绍自己的看法。故选B。
30.最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了两个学生对于电动汽车的看法，故以选项A“所有的汽车都应该是电动的吗”为标题最合适。故选A。
Passage 7
（2023·北京）
When cnsidering the kind f experience that makes life better, mst peple first think that happiness depends n experiencing pleasure: gd fd, gd jbs, all the cmfrts that mney can buy. If we culdn’t have these, we might as well sit in frnt f the televisin n a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an imprtant part f the quality f life, but by itself it desn’t bring happiness. When peple think further abut what makes a wrthy life, they tend (倾向于) t mve beynd pleasant memries and begin t remember ther events, ther experiences that verlap (有重叠) pleasurable nes but fall int a grup with a separate name: enjyment. Enjyable events take place when peple have nt nly satisfied a need r met sme earlier expectatin, but als achieved smething unexpected.
Enjyment is characterized by a sense f curisity, f achievement. Playing a tennis game that imprves ne’s ability is enjyable, as is reading a bk that shws things in a new light, as is having a cnversatin that leads us t express ideas we didn’t knw we had. Nne f these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back n them afterwards, we wuld say, “That really was fun” and wish they wuld happen again. After an enjyable event we knw that we have changed, and grwn.
Experiences that give pleasure can als give enjyment, but the tw feelings are quite different. Fr example, everybdy takes pleasure in eating. Hwever, t enjys fd is mre difficult — yu have t pay enugh attentin t a meal, s as t sense and tell its varius tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure withut any psychic energy, while enjyment happens nly as a result f full attentin. A persn can feel pleasure withut any effrt, as lng as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it’s impssible t enjy a tennis game r a bk withut full attentin. It’s fr this reasn that pleasure des nt last lng, nr des it make us grw. Grwth requires full attentin t gals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Withut enjyment, life will g n, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily n luck and the external (外部的) envirnment. T achieve persnal cntrl ver the quality f experience, hwever, we need t learn hw t build enjyment int what happens day in, day ut.
30. Yu will mst prbably experience enjyment when yu ________.
A. buy expensive shesB. rder a delicius meal
C. talk with friends fr new ideasD. sit quietly in frnt f a televisin
31. What d yu knw abut pleasure and enjyment frm the passage?
A. Enjyment grws ut f pleasure.
B. Pleasure and enjyment cme hand in hand.
C. Pleasurable experiences are part f enjyable nes.
D. Sme experiences prvide bth pleasure and enjyment.
32. The wrds “psychic energy” in Paragraph 4 are clsest in meaning t ________.
A. attentinB. interestC. abilityD. knwledge
33. The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A. feeling pleasure stps peple frm achieving grwth
B. feeling enjyment cmes with achieving grwth
C. a wrthy life depends n luck and envirnment
D. pleasure is the key t a happy and wrthy life
【答案】30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B
【解析】本文主要讲述了快乐和享受的联系和对比。
30.推理判断题。根据“Playing a tennis game that imprves ne’s ability is enjyable, as is reading a bk that shws things in a new light, as is having a cnversatin that leads us t express ideas we didn’t knw we had.”可知打一场能提高一个人能力的网球是令人愉快的，就像读一本从新的角度看待事物的书一样，就像进行一场能让我们表达自己不知道自己拥有的想法的谈话一样。由此推出当你和朋友谈论新想法时，你很可能会体验到乐趣。故选C。
31.细节理解题。根据“Experiences that give pleasure can als give enjyment, but the tw feelings are quite different.”可知有些经历既能带来愉悦，又能带来享受。故选D。
32.词义猜测题。根据“As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure withut any psychic energy, while enjyment happens nly as a result f full attentin.”可知正如这个例子所表明的，我们可以在没有任何精神能量的情况下体验快乐，而享受只有在全神贯注的情况下才会发生。psychic energy与attentin意思相近。故选A。
33.观点态度题。根据“Enjyment is characterized by a sense f curisity, f achievement.”以及“Grwth requires full attentin t gals that are new, that are relatively challenging.”可知作者会赞成“感到快乐与得到成长是相辅相成的”这一观点。故选B。
Passage 8
（2023·河北）
Prgress means the act f ging frward. Making any kind f prgress can make us healthy and happy in life. By setting and actively wrking twards ur gals, we can make prgress in ur life.
T make mre prgress in life, start lking at prblems in a different way. Whatever happens, if we think psitively, it can be useful and helpful. We need t knw that prblems are part f ur life. After we slve prblems ne after anther, we can make mre prgress and becme strnger.
Having cnfidence (信心) is helpful fr us t make prgress. Cnfidence cmes frm different places, such as prper educatin, training r having gd relatinships. We shuld als stay with peple wh believe in ur success and actively supprt us. These peple can help push us twards prgress.
Slw prgress is still prgress. Just as the ld saying ges, “It des nt matter hw slwly yu g as lng as yu d nt stp.” Prgress usually cmes a lt mre slwly than we expect. Even if prgress is slw, try nt t be wrried. One imprtant thing is that we keep taking steps twards ur gals, and anther is that we clearly remember what ur gals are all the time. The actual speed isn’t imprtant.
The rad t prgress is nt always smth. Mst prgress ften cmes with setbacks alng the way. Smetimes, maybe it feels like we’re taking ne step frward and three steps back, but it wn’t always be like that. Keep ging twards ur gals and we can much mre easily make the prgress we want.
Prgress desn’t always happen in a straight line. As lng as we keep wrking, we will achieve higher levels.
31. What des prgress make us d?
A. Set lifelng gals.B. G frward easily.
C. Live healthily and happily.D. Think abut new things.
32. What des Paragraph 3 tell us?
A. We shuld supprt different peple.B. Sme peple can push us t failure.
C. Cnfidence helps us make prgress.D. Different schls expect the same prgress.
33. What des the writer say abut slw prgress?
A. It ften ges smthly.B. It still means prgress.
C. It smetimes stps prgress.D. It always gives us a clear mind.
34. Which wrd is clse t the underlined wrd “setbacks”?
A. Prizes.B. Advantages.C. Excuses.D. Difficulties.
35. Which can be a prper title fr the text?
A. Ideas abut Making PrgressB. Keys t Speeding up Prgress
C. Meanings f Having CnfidenceD. Suggestins n Relatinships
【答案】31. C 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了如何取得进步，虽然通往进步的道路不总是平坦的，但是只要我们继续努力，我们就会达到更高的水平。
31.细节理解题。根据“Making any kind f prgress can make us healthy and happy in life”可知任何形式的进步都能使我们在生活中健康快乐。故选C。
32.主旨大意题。根据“Having cnfidence (信心) is helpful fr us t make prgress”以及本段内容可知信心有助于我们取得进步。故选C。
33.细节理解题。根据“Slw prgress is still prgress”可知缓慢的进步仍然是进步。故选B。
34.词义猜测题。根据“The rad t prgress is nt always smth. Mst prgress ften cmes with setbacks alng the way”可知通往进步的道路并不总是平坦的，大多数进步往往伴随着挫折，故此处划线部分意为“挫折，困难”，和difficulties意义相近。故选D。
35.最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了如何取得进步，虽然通往进步的道路不总是平坦的，但是只要我们继续努力，我们就会达到更高的水平，以选项A“关于进步的想法”为标题最合适。故选A。
Passage 9
（2023·江苏徐州）
Free time is a gd chance fr teenagers t have fun. What abut free time with parents arund? Sme teenagers want free play withut parents’ supervisin(监管) while parents and experts(专家) may think differently.
Lin Ta, a middle schl student, thinks teenagers shuld be free t play. “Last time I played with my parents arund, I was nervus and just culdn’t enjy myself t the fullest,” Lin says. “And my friend Chen Xiaxin has similar experiences. Once, he went ut t play with his classmates. Everyne felt uncmfrtable with his mther’s supervisin.”
Wang Min, a mther f a 14-year-ld by, thinks playtime needs supervisin. She explains, “Peple usually say I like t cntrl my kid, but that’s nt true. I am just wrried that he will get int truble. Sme guys may have a bad influence n him and sme games like LARP(剧本杀) may mislead him. He might even get indulged in the stries and can’t get back t real life.
Mr. Ma, a dctr f scial studies, says it’s understandable fr teenagers t wish fr freedm. Free play helps them t be independent. Parents can give them mre space. They dn’t have t supervise them all the time. Hwever, teenagers shuld find ut the exact details(细节) abut the activities befre playtime. Then they can cmmunicate with their parents and decide tgether whether they can g ut t play alne.
1. Accrding t the passage, free time is a gd chance fr teenagers t ________.
A. study hardB. have funC. get int trubleD. mislead parents
2. Lin Ta supprts his wn idea by ________.
A. listing numbersB. raising questinsC. cmparing factsD. giving examples
3. The underlined wrds “get indulged in” in Para.(段落)3 prbably mean ________.
A. get lst inB. get interested inC. be tired fD. be prud f
4. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing may Mr. Ma supprt?
A. He Kai’s parents are arund every time he plays with his friends.
B. Feng Zhngfan’s parents never ask him abut whm he plays with.
C. Liu Xiang ges ut withut knwing anything abut the activities.
D. Xie Ha talks t his parents abut the exact details befre playtime.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，就青少年空闲时间是否需要家长监督进行讨论，给出了几个学生的看法以及专家的建议。
1.细节理解题。根据“Free time is a gd chance fr teenagers t have fun.”可知，空闲时间是青少年玩乐的好机会。故选B。
2.推理判断题。分析第二段内容可知，林涛用自己和同学的例子支持自己的观点，故选D。
3.词句猜测题。分析“Sme guys may have a bad influence n him and sme games like LARP(剧本杀) may mislead him. He might even get indulged in the stries and can’t get back t real life.”可知，有些人可能对他有不良影响，比如剧本杀，可能会让孩子们无法回到现实生活中，所以此处 get indulged in的意思是“沉迷，迷失”，故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据“Hwever, teenagers shuld find ut the exact details(细节) abut the activities befre playtime. Then they can cmmunicate with their parents and decide tgether whether they can g ut t play alne.”可知，马博士认为青少年应该在游戏前弄清活动的具体细节，然后他们可以和父母交流，一起决定他们是否可以单独出去玩。选项D“谢浩在游戏前会和父母谈论游戏的具体细节”符合，故选D。
Passage 10
（2023·安徽一模）
While we ften questin ur failures and agree them with luck r fate (命运), we prudly relate ur success t hard wrk. Fr mst peple, we dn’t have a chice, as hard wrk is the nly thing in ur cntrl. Therefre, we shuld keep wrking hard and give it a sht rather than cmplaining luck r fate.
Hwever, life is nt always fair. It des nt give equal pprtunities t everyne. Mst f the families in ur cuntry struggle hard fr a living. Mst f these peple wrk hard, but nly a few f them becme successful. S hard wrk cannt be a determining (决定性的) factr fr success, thugh it’s a necessary factr.
There is anther way t lk at luck r fate. Life thrws pprtunities at everyne, but nt everyne catches them at the right time. Peple wh grab these pprtunities are the nes wh succeed in fighting against difficulties. In fact, it is nt because we have fewer pprtunities but because we are unable t see these pprtunities. Smetimes, we can see them by keeping an eye n them, but smetimes pprtunities need t be created by hard wrk. Luck and fate cannt limit what a persn can d; It can just facilitate (使……更容易) prgress.
All in all, life is nt fair. Nt everyne has equal pprtunities. But that shuld nt stp us frm wrking hard. We shuld keep fighting against the difficulties t achieve ur dreams.
1. The underlined phrase “give it a sht” in the first paragraph mst prbably means ________.
A. have a tryB. sht atC. give upD. wrk hard
2. What wuld the authr relate her success t?
A. luckB. hard wrkC. fateD. All f A, B, and C
3. Which f the fllwing wuld be agreed by the authr?
A. Hard wrk is nt the nly chice fr mst peple.
B. Peple fail t achieve their dreams because f bad luck.
C. Hard wrk can determine ne’s success.
D. Nt all peple’s dreams wuld cme true thrugh hard wrk.
4. What wuld be the main idea f this passage?
A. Life is nt always fair.B. Luck matters, but hard wrk is a necessity.
C. Keep an eye n pprtunity.D. Wrk hard and fight against all dds.
5. Which suggestin is wrng when yu wrked hard in English learning fr a perid f time but failed in the last exam?
A. Ask yur teacher r parents fr help.
B. Think f what caused yur failure and find better learning methds.
C. We shuld keep fighting against the difficulties t achieve ur dream.
D. Wrking hard is useless and yu can draw lts t chse keys fr the next exam.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，本文讨论了尽管人的运气各有不同，机遇也不同，但是一定要努力工作和和生活，来实现自己的梦想。
1.词义猜测题。根据“we shuld keep wrking hard and give it a sht rather than cmplaining luck r fate.”可知，应该持续的努力工作，努力尝试而不是抱怨运气或是命运，划线短语的意思是“尝试一下”，故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据“While we ften questin ur failures and agree them with luck r fate (命运), we prudly relate ur success t hard wrk.”可知，作者认为成功和努力以及运气和命运都有关系，故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据“S hard wrk cannt be a determining (决定性的) factr fr success”可知，努力工作不能成为成功的决定性因素，所以作者认为并非所有人的梦想都会通过努力实现。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据“But that shuld nt stp us frm wrking hard. We shuld keep fighting against the difficulties t achieve ur dreams.”可知，本文主要表达了人生的机遇并不公平，运气也许很重要，但是努力工作是必要的。故选B。
5.推理判断题。根据“But that shuld nt stp us frm wrking hard. We shuld keep fighting against the difficulties t achieve ur dreams.”可知，文章说明即使努力可能会没有结果，但是也要努力去做，来实现自己的梦想，选项D“努力工作是没有用的，你可以抽签选择下一次考试的答案。”是错误的，不能靠运气，要依靠自己的努力，故选D。Henry, 12 years ld, San Francisc
I think we shuld all have electric cars. This wuld cut dwn air pllutin and allw us t breathe better. Cleaner air als means there will be fewer animals dying. Think f all the lives we have lst by destrying ur envirnment.
Sme peple think electric cars are pricey. But their prices are cming dwn. What’s mre, gas csts a lt mre than electricity. Once yu use the gas, it’s gne. Anyway, I think we’re ging t run ut f gas at sme pint. This will make electric cars a need. Als, d yu knw that electric cars can travel 33 miles fr abut a dllar? Yu can’t say that fr gas. All cars shuld be electric!
Sandy, 13 years ld, New Yrk
I dn’t think all cars shuld be electric. First f all, charging statins are less cmmn than gas statins. This makes electric cars a lt less cnvenient fr lng trips. What’s mre, cld weather des harm t the batteries (电池). They can’t wrk well as usual. And electric cars are als mre expensive than cmmn cars. A new electric car usually csts arund $ 11, 000 mre than a new gar car. True, electric cars help slw climate change. But thrwing batteries away can hurt ur planet.