人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试，共14页。
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。
1. The vaccine was used t prtect the whle ppulatin against infectin (infect).
2. Nt his teachers but the student himself is t blame (blame) fr his failure in the exam.
3. Plice statistics shw that vilent crime is n the decrease.
4. The infrmatin frm the rbts n Mars has given a scientific prf (prve) whether water exists there.
5. The by was curius abut hw the waste paper was transfrmed int mdel kites.
6. The fire had severely (severe) damaged the warehuse befre the firefighters arrived.
7. He was suspected f suffering frm cancer.
8. All the drs are free f handles (handle) and can pen autmatically.
9. I helped him purely (pure) ut f friendship.
10. The frest fire is likely t lse (lse) cntrl if n effective measures can be taken.
11. They find they cannt subscribe t the values f the lder generatin.
12. The wrld's ceans will be bluer and greener thanks t a warm climate, accrding t a new study.
13. It is the first time that he has transfrmed (transfrm) his attitude twards them.
14. Cnsequently (cnsequence), she succeeded in making a kind f candy nly using natural sweeteners, which can reduce ral bacteria.
15. Tm is s independent that he never asks his parents' pinin unless he wants their supprt.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
1. 我们还没有决定去哪儿过暑假。
We haven't decided where t g fr ur summer hliday.
2. 如果你继续吸烟, 你的身体健康有可能会受到损害。
Yu are likely t suffer frm bad health if yu keep smking.
3. 据我所知,应该为这次事故负责的是这位卡车司机。
As far as I'm cncerned, it is the driver f the lrry wh shuld be t blame fr the accident.
4. 自改革开放政策实施以来,我们的家乡发生了巨大变化。
Our hmetwn has seen/witnessed great changes since the refrm and pening-up plicies started.
5. 那个女人是如此固执以至于我无法说服她改变主意。
That wman is s stubbrn that I can't cnvince her f changing her mind.
6. 那个男孩从自行车上摔下来摔断了腿,这让他的父母非常难过。
The by fell ff the bicycle and had his leg brken, which made his parents very sad.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空。
Chlera, as 1._______ type f deadly disease f its day,threatened rdinary peple. Jhn Snw was 2._______ (determine) t slve this prblem. He knew that nly if he fund its cause wuld it be cntrlled.
There were tw theries that 3._______ (pssible) explained hw peple gt infected. Jhn Snw 4._______ (subscribe) t the thery that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water.
In 1854, anther utbreak f chlera hit Lndn. Snw decided t have an 5._______ (investigate). He marked the places n a map, 6._______ gave him a valuable clue abut the cause f the disease. He fund many f the 7._______ (death) were near the water pump in Brad Street. Sme husehlds had n deaths because these peple drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 8._______ (blame). He made further research and cncluded that plluted water led 9._______ the disease. Finally “King Chlera” 10._______ (defeat).
1. 解析:考查冠词。此处指霍乱当时作为一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人的生命。这里表示一种致命的疾病,应用不定冠词表示泛指, type以辅音音素开头。故填不定冠词a。
答案:a
2. 解析:考查形容词。be determined t d ... 下定决心做……。故填determined。
答案:determined
3. 解析:考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰动词explained,故填副词pssibly,意为“可能地”。
答案:pssibly
4. 解析:考查动词的时态。所述的事情发生在过去,此处应用一般过去时。故填subscribed。
答案:subscribed
5. 解析:考查名词。设空处作have的宾语,且由设空处前的不定冠词an可知,应用名词形式。故填investigatin。
答案:investigatin
6. 解析:考查定语从句的引导词。设空处前是一个完整的句子,且前面有逗号隔开,设空处所在的句子缺少主语,由此推断,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句的内容,设空处在从句中作主语。故填which。
答案:which
7. 解析:考查名词复数。设空处前有many修饰,应用death的复数形式,且death为可数名词。故填deaths。
答案:deaths
8. 解析:考查固定搭配。be t blame负有责任。故填t blame。
答案:t blame
9. 解析:考查介词。lead t导致,为固定搭配。故填t。
答案:t
10. 解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时;“霍乱王”与“打败”之间为被动关系,用被动语态;由主语为“King Chlera”可知,谓语动词用单数。故填was defeated。
答案:was defeated
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解。
Rbert Jarvik, brn n May 11, 1946 in Michigan and raised in Stamfrd, is a medical scientist and researcher, wh played an imprtant rle in the inventin f the artificial heart. He was interested in medicine frm a yung age. He watched his father perfrm peratins and gained a patent (专利权) fr a machine applied in the medical peratin befre he graduated frm high schl.
Jarvik attended Syracuse University and cnsidered a career in art. When his father develped heart disease suddenly, he decided then t wrk n a medical career. He applied t medical schls, but was nt admitted t any schls in the US. Befre lng, he was admitted t the medical schl in Italy and stayed there fr tw years. He returned t get a degree in medicine frm New Yrk University in 1971.
After wrking fr a perid f time, Jarvik gt a jb in the rgan transplant (器官移植) prgramme at the University f Utah in 1972. He wrked with the directr f the prgramme, Willem Klff, wh invented the kidney dialysis (肾透析) machine.
By the time Jarvik came t the University f Utah, the rgan prgramme had already develped the primary artificial heart. He imprved it by creating a diaphragm(横膈膜), which slved many issues with the heart. Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, t be placed in a human patient, which was cnsidered ne f the mst imprtant inventins in human histry.
Barney Clark, a retired dentist suffering frm serius heart disease, received the Jarvik-7 transplant n December 2, 1982. He lived fr 112 days after the peratin, but the transplant was cnsidered a success. Thugh receiving criticism fr the risk referred t f transplanting an artificial heart, the Jarvik-7 still became very imprtant fr patients wh were waiting fr a heart. In 1987, Jarvik mved t New Yrk City and frmed Jarvik Research Inc. He began develping a new heart—the Jarvik 2000. This smaller machine fits inside a patient's heart rather than replacing the entire rgan.
1. Hw des the authr develp the text?
A. By cmparing pinins frm different fields.
B. By fllwing the natural time rder.
C. By discussing research experiments.
D. By presenting sme research results.
解析:细节理解题。本文主要介绍了美国著名的医学科学家罗伯特·贾维克在发明人造心脏方面做出的巨大贡献。通读全文可知,作者依据时间先后顺序对罗伯特·贾维克进行了介绍。故选 B。
答案:B
2. What d yu knw abut Rbert Jarvik frm the text?
A. N medical schl in the US admitted him at first.
B. He was brn and raised in the same place where his parents wrked.
C. He began t help his father frm a yung age when he perfrmed peratins.
D. He culdn't affrd the high cst f studying medicine.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中“He applied t medical schls, but was nt admitted t any schls in the US.”可知,起初,美国没有一所医学院录取他。故选A。
答案:A
3. Which f the fllwing incidents made Rbert Jarvik determine his life-lng career?
A. His father develped heart disease suddenly.
B. He received a patent fr the medical peratin.
C. He tk part in the rgan prgramme at the University f Utah.
D. He was refused t be admitted t any medical schl in the US.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When his father develped heart disease suddenly, he decided then t wrk n a medical career.”可知,他的父亲突然患了心脏病,让罗伯特·贾维克决定了他一生的事业。 故选A。
答案:A
4. What is the greatest achievement fr Rbert Jarvik as a medical scientist?
A. He created the first artificial heart in 1981.
B. He invented the kidney dialysis machine.
C. He did the first heart transplant peratin.
D. He created a diaphragm t fit inside a heart.
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, t be placed in a human patient, which was cnsidered ne f the mst imprtant inventins in human histry.”可知,罗伯特·贾维克创造了人类历史上第一颗人造心脏,这是他作为医学科学家的一个最伟大的成就。故选 A。
答案:A
Ⅴ. 完形填空。
(2024年·湖南二模)
In the mid-20th century, bys culd study technical subjects while girls were expected nt. Hwever, Bell Burnell's parents challenged these 1 , which enabled her t study science. Bell Burnell knew befre leaving schl that she wanted t be a radi astrnmer. That 2 led her t g t the University f Glasgw, where she was the nly 3 in her class. After graduatin, Bell Burnell went t Cambridge University, where she yet again had t prve that she 4 .
Her first prject, wrking with her thesis supervisr (论文导师) Hewish, was 5 certain bjects called quasars (类星体). It was 6 t have a female student n this prject. Bell Burnell herself has said that the nly ther females 7 were secretaries. At this stage, it was she wh 8 the telescpe and analyzed the data.
One day, checking n the data, Bell Burnell saw a signal that she culdn't 9 . T understand what it was she ended up bringing this 10 t Hewish, wh said it was interference. He thught that Bell Burnell had wired up the radi telescpe 11 and that was why the new signal had appeared. Hwever, she saw the signal again afterwards. 12 , she tried t reach Hewish. Once he 13 the pulse with his wn eyes, he knew it wasn't interference, and a new research prject began. But, with just ne pulse it was hard t have a(n) 14 discvery.
A cuple f days later, Bell Burnell was in her study, and she saw smething 15 t the first pulse, and thus 2 pulsars were discvered.
1. A. theriesB. subjects
C. lessnsD. plicies
解析:thery理论;subject科目;lessn功课;plicy政策,原则。根据“In the mid-20th century, bys culd study technical subjects while girls were expected nt.”可知,贝尔·伯奈尔的父母对这些男孩可以学习技术科目,而女孩则不能的原则提出了质疑。故选D。
答案:D
2. A. wishB. cnditin
C. planD. design
解析:wish愿望;cnditin条件;plan计划;design设计。根据“Bell Burnell knew befre leaving schl that she wanted t be a radi astrnmer.”可知,贝尔·伯奈尔想成为一名射电天文学家,这个愿望促使她去了格拉斯哥大学。故选A。
答案:A
3. A. failureB. student
C. femaleD. scientist
解析:failure失败;student学生;female女性;scientist科学家。根据上文“In the mid-20th century, bys culd study technical subjects while girls were expected nt.”可推知,因为在20世纪中期,男孩可以学习技术科目,而女孩则不能,所以,在格拉斯哥大学她是班上唯一的女性。故选C。
答案:C
4. A. studiedB. belnged
C. wrkedD. graduated
解析:study学习;belng属于;wrk工作;graduate毕业。根据文章第一句和“It was 6 t have a female student n this prject.”可知,在当时女性不能学习技术科目,女学生参与研究项目是不寻常的,这些都表明在男性为主宰的大学里,贝尔·伯奈尔必须再次证明自己的归属,做出点成绩才行。故选B。
答案:B
5. A. turning ffB. picking ut
C. shting dwnD. clearing away
解析:turn ff关闭;pick ut挑选;sht dwn击落;clear away清除。根据“and she saw smething 15 t the first pulse, and thus 2 pulsars were discvered”可知,贝尔·伯奈尔的第一个项目是与论文导师休伊什合作,挑选出某些被称为类星体的物体。故选B。
答案:B
6. A. unnecessaryB. impssible
C. illegalD. unusual
解析:unnecessary不必要的;impssible不可能的;illegal非法的;unusual不同寻常的。根据“Bell Burnell herself has said that the nly ther females 7 were secretaries.”可知,女学生参与甄选类星体的物体的科研项目是极不寻常的事情,因为在场的其他女性只有秘书,其余参与项目的人都是男性。故选D。
答案:D
7. A. presentB. alive
C. abradD. respnsible
解析:present出席的,在场的;alive活着的;abrad在国外;respnsible负责任的。结合语境及空后的“were secretaries”可知,此处指该科研项目在场的其他女性只有秘书。故选A。
答案:A
8. A. brkeB. cleaned
C. ranD. saw
解析:break打破;clean打扫;run使运转;see看见。根据“He thught that Bell Burnell had wired up the radi telescpe 11 ”可知,贝尔·伯奈尔负责操作望远镜并分析数据。故选C。
答案:C
9. A. explainB. stre
C. cpyD. recycle
解析:explain解释;stre储存;cpy复制;recycle再循环。根据“that was why the new signal had appeared”可知,贝尔·伯奈尔在查看数据时,看到了一个她无法解释的信号。故选A。
答案:A
10. A. signalB. questin
C. taskD. news
解析:signal信号;questin问题;task任务;news新闻。根据“T understand what it was”和“wh said it was interference”可知,为了理解这是什么,贝尔·伯奈尔最终向休伊什提出了这个问题,休伊什说这是干扰。故选B。
答案:B
11. A. wiselyB. secretly
C. wrnglyD. frequently
解析:wisely明智地;secretly秘密地;wrngly错误地;frequently频繁地。根据空后内容“that was why the new signal had appeared”可知,休伊什认为贝尔·伯奈尔把射电望远镜接错线了,这就是新信号出现的原因。故选C。
答案:C
12. A. SurprisedB. Disappinted
C. AshamedD. Tuched
解析:surprised惊讶的;disappinted失望的;ashamed羞愧的;tuched感动的。结合上文内容可知,自己的导师认为自己是操作错误而导致新信号出现,但是自己又看到了这个信号,所以贝尔·伯奈尔感到很惊讶。故选A。
答案:A
13. A. checked utB. came acrss
C. cast light nD. caught sight f
解析:check ut查看,退房;cme acrss偶然遇到;cast light n使人了解,使显得非常清楚;catch sight f看见。根据空后的状语“with his wn eyes”并结合上文内容可知,休伊什亲眼看到脉冲,知道贝尔·伯奈尔看到的脉冲不是干扰。故选D。
答案:D
14. A. puzzlingB. amusing
C. cnvincingD. lasting
解析:puzzling令人困惑的;amusing有趣的,逗乐的;cnvincing令人信服的,有说服力的;lasting持久的。根据“with just ne pulse”并结合文章最后一句内容“and thus 2 pulsars were discvered”可知,休伊什认为仅仅凭一个脉冲,很难有令人信服的发现。几天后,贝尔·伯奈尔在她的研究中,看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西,因此发现了两颗脉冲星。故选C。
答案:C
15. A. familiarB. similar
C. penD. imprtant
解析:familiar熟悉的;similar类似的;pen开放的;imprtant重要的。根据“and thus 2 pulsars were discvered”可知,贝尔·伯奈尔在她的研究中,看到了与第一个脉冲相似的东西,因此发现了两颗脉冲星。故选B。
答案:B