人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists练习

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists练习，共12页。
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。
1. There is much thinking (think) t be dne. It's a very cmplex prblem.
2. The findings (find) f the curt have been published n Wednesday.
3. All eyes were cast (cast) upn the speaker.
4. She bught a mechanical (mechanic) dg fr her sister.
5. I am busy at the mment; I'll get ne f the assistants (assist) t see yu.
6. I shall think f her as the mst gifted (gift) vilinist here.
7. He wished t be an astrnmer (astrnmy) when he was a child.
8. We think it is imprtant (imprtance) t bey the laws.
9. I dn't feel it difficult t understand(understand) the Special English.
10. A quarrel brke ut between them.
Ⅱ. 课文语法填空。
As a scientist, Qian Xuesen has made great cntributins t China's aerspace science. He is ne f the 1.______ (extreme) well-respected persns in China.
Qian Xuesen, brn in Shanghai in 1911, studied Railway Mechanical Engineering in Shanghai Jia Tng University. But 2.______ utbreak f the Snghu Battle in 1932 made him decide t switch his majr 3.______ aviatin because he realized that a 4.______ (pwer)air frce was needed in China. In 1935, Qian went t America 5.______ (pursue) his graduate studies. During the time f the 1930s and 1940s, he became a pineer in American jet and rcket technlgy. As a graduate 6.______ (assist), Qian tk part in imprtant research int rcket prpulsin. In 1955, Qian 7.______ (return) t China and tk charge f develping China's rcket science as well as 8.______ (it) space and missile prgramme. Under his leadership, China made great breakthrughs in rcket and aerspace science, 9.______ (launch) its first man-made satellite, Dng Fang Hng Ⅰ in 1970. As much f the technlgy behind the Shenzhu rckets can als be traced back t Qian's research, he was hnured as “the father f China's aerspace”.
In 2009, Qian Xuesen died in Beijing at the age f 98, 10.______ death left the whle cuntry sad and peple hnured and remembered him in different ways.
1. 解析:考查副词。分析句子成分可知,空处修饰形容词well-respected,应用副词形式,故填extremely。
答案:extremely
2. 解析:考查冠词。此处指“淞沪抗战”的爆发,表示特指,故用定冠词。
答案:the
3. 解析:考查介词。switch ... t ...表示“把……转变到……”。
答案:t
4. 解析:考查形容词。空处修饰名词air frce, 因此用形容词形式。
答案:pwerful
5. 解析:考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,钱学森去美国是为了继续他的研究生学业,空处用不定式短语作目的状语。
答案:t pursue
6. 解析:考查名词。根据“a graduate”可知,空处应用名词,graduate assistant意为“研究生助理”。
答案:assistant
7. 解析:考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“In 1955”可知,此处用一般过去时。
答案:returned
8. 解析:考查代词。根据句意可知,空处指代上文中的“China's”,故填its。
答案:its
9. 解析:考查非谓语动词。动词China与launch之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式作状语。
答案:launching
10. 解析:考查定语从句。“10.______ death left the whle cuntry sad”是定语从句,从句中缺少修饰名词death的定语,且此处表示“谁的”,故用whse。
答案:whse
[提升测评]
Ⅲ. 阅读理解。
What is the nature f the scientific attitude, the attitude f the man r wman wh studies and applies physics, bilgy, chemistry, gelgy, engineering, medicine r any ther science?
We all knw that science plays an imprtant rle in ur scieties. Hwever, many peple believe that ur prgress depends n tw different aspects f science. The first aspect is the applicatin f the machines, prducts and systems f knwledge that scientists and technlgists develp. The secnd is the applicatin f the special methds f thught and actin that scientists use in their wrk.
What are these special methds f thinking and acting? First f all, it seems that a successful scientist is curius—he wants t find ut hw and why the universe wrks. He usually pays attentin t prblems which he ntices have n satisfying explanatin, and lks fr relatinships even if the data available seems t be uncnnected. Mrever, he thinks he can imprve the existing cnditins and enjys trying t slve the prblems which this invlves.
He is a gd bserver, accurate, patient and bjective and uses the facts he bserves t the fullest. Fr example, trained bservers btain a very large amunt f infrmatin abut a star mainly frm the accurate analysis f the simple lines that appear in a spectrum (光谱). He des nt accept statements which are nt based n the mst cmplete evidence available. He rejects authrity as the nly basis fr truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and bjectively.
Furthermre, he des nt readily accept his wn idea, since he knws that man is the least reliable f scientific instruments and that a number f factrs tend t disturb bjective investigatin.
Lastly, he is full f imaginatin since he ften has t lk fr relatinships in data which is nt nly cmplex but als frequently incmplete. Furthermre, he needs imaginatin if he wants t guess hw prcesses wrk and hw events take place.
These seem t be sme f the ways in which a successful scientist r technlgist thinks and acts.
1. Hw des the text describe a curius scientist?
A. He lks fr new ways f acting.
B. He is interested in prblems that are explained.
C. He desn't find cnfidence r pleasure in wrk.
D. He makes effrts t investigate ptential cnnectins.
解析:推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二、三句“... he wants t find ut hw and why the universe wrks. He usually pays attentin t prblems which he ntices have n satisfying explanatin, and lks fr relatinships even if the data available seems t be uncnnected.”可知,求知欲强是科学家的特质之一,他想了解宇宙是如何运转的。他通常会注意那些没有令人满意解释的问题,即使现有的数据似乎毫无关联,他也要一探究竟。由此可推断,求知欲强的科学家会努力调查事物间潜在的联系。故选D。
答案:D
2. What d we knw abut a successful scientist accrding t the text?
A. He wuldn't easily believe in unchecked statements.
B. He wuldn't easily criticize thers' research wrk.
C. He wuldn't always use his imaginatin in wrk.
D. He wuldn't always use evidence frm bservatin.
解析:细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and bjectively.”可知,科学家总是不断地检验各种观点,谨慎而客观地做实验,所以他不会轻易相信未加验证的陈述。故选A。
答案:A
3. Which wrd can be used t describe the data that a gd scientist uses?
A. Cnfusing. B. Cmplicated.
C. Cmplete.D. Cncrete.
解析:推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“data which is nt nly cmplex but als frequently incmplete”可知,科学家不得不在复杂且常常不完整的数据中寻找关联。故选B。
答案:B
4. What des the text mainly discuss?
A. Applicatin f technlgy.
B. Prgress in mdern sciety.
C. Scientists' ways f thinking and acting.
D. Hw t becme a successful scientist.
解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要陈述的是科学家的思维和行为模式。文章从第三段至最后一段都在具体阐述科学家的思维和行为模式。故选C。
答案:C
Ⅳ. 完形填空。
Stephen Glenn is a famus American research scientist. He has made several very imprtant medical 1 . When a newspaper jurnalist asked him why he was able t be s much mre 2 than the average persn, he respnded that it all came frm a(n) 3 with his mther that ccurred when he was a child.
Stephen had been trying t remve a bttle f milk frm the refrigeratr when he 4 his grip n the slippery bttle and it fell, spilling its cntents all ver the kitchen flr—a real sea f milk! When his mther came int the kitchen,instead f 5 at him, giving him a lecture r chastising him,she said, “What a great and wnderful 6 yu have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pnd f milk. Well,the 7 has already been dne. Wuld yu like t get dwn and play in the milk fr a few minutes befre we 8 it up?”
Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mther said, “Stephen, whenever yu make a mess like this, 9 yu have t clean it up and restre everything t its prper rder.” And tgether they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mther then said, “Yu knw, what we have here is a 10 experiment in hw t effectively carry a big milk bttle with tw tiny hands. Let's g ut in the backyard and 11 the bttle with water and see if yu can discver a way t carry it withut drpping it.” The little by learned that if he grasped the bttle at the tp near the lip with bth hands, he culd 12 withut drpping it. What a gd 13 t him!
This famus scientist then remarked that it was at that mment that he knew he didn't need t be afraid t make 14 . Instead, he learned that mistakes were just chances fr learning smething new, which is, after all, what scientific 15 are all abut. Even if the experiment desn't wrk, we usually learn smething valuable frm it.
1. A. impressins B. breakthrughs
C. prmisesD. intentins
解析:impressin 印象;breakthrugh 突破;prmise 承诺;intentin 计划。根据上文中的“Stephen Glenn is a famus American research scientist.”可知,史蒂芬·格伦取得了几次非常重要的医学突破。故选B。
答案:B
2. A. utgingB. respnsible
C. warm-heartedD. creative
解析:utging 外向的;respnsible 负责任的;warm-hearted 热心肠的;creative 有创造力的。根据上文中的“He has made several very imprtant medical 1 .”可知,新闻记者问他为什么他能比一般人更有创造力。故选D。
答案:D
3. A. experienceB. wrd
C. argumentD. adventure
解析:experience 经历;wrd 话语;argument 争论;adventure 冒险。根据下文中的“that ccurred when he was a child”可知,史蒂芬·格伦回应道他的创造力来自他小时候和他母亲的一次经历。故选A。
答案:A
4. A. lstB. tightened
C. adjustedD. caught
解析:lse 失去;tighten 使变紧,加强;adjust 调整;catch 抓住。根据下文中的“it fell,spilling its cntents all ver the kitchen flr—a real sea f milk”可知,史蒂芬·格伦失去了对奶瓶的控制。故选A。
答案:A
5. A. lkingB. yelling
C. smilingD. glancing
解析:lk 看;yell 叫喊,吼叫;smile 微笑;glance 扫视。根据下文中的“giving him a lecture r chastising him,she said, ‘What a great and wnderful 6 yu have made ...’”可知,史蒂芬·格伦的妈妈并未对他大声吼叫。故选B。
答案:B
6. A. discveryB. mess
C. changeD. jke
解析:discvery 发现;mess 混乱;change 改变;jke 笑话。根据下文中的“Stephen, whenever yu make a mess like this”可知,此处应填mess。故选B。
答案:B
7. A. injuryB. research
C. assignmentD. damage
解析:injury 损伤,伤害;research 研究;assignment 任务;damage 损失。根据下文中的“Wuld yu like t get dwn and play in the milk fr a few minutes”可知,妈妈告诉史蒂芬·格伦,损失已经造成了,那就玩一会儿吧。故选D。
答案:D
8. A. makeB. turn
C. thinkD. clean
解析:make up 弥补;turn up 出现,调大(音量);think up 想出;clean up 清理干净。妈妈问在把牛奶清理干净之前,史蒂芬·格伦是否愿意在牛奶里玩几分钟。故选D。
答案:D
9. A. graduallyB. initially
C. eventuallyD. cnstantly
解析:gradually 渐渐地;initially 起初;eventually 最终;cnstantly 不断地。妈妈告诉史蒂芬·格伦无论什么时候搞得像这样一团糟,最终都必须把它清理干净。故选C。
答案:C
10. A. successfulB. failed
C. cmpletedD. useless
解析:successful 成功的;failed 失败的;cmpleted 完成的;useless 无用的。根据上文中的“when he 4 his grip n the slippery bttle and it fell,spilling its cntents all ver the kitchen flr—a real sea f milk”可知,他们经历了一次关于如何有效地用两只小手拿着一个大牛奶瓶的失败的实验。故选B。
答案:B
11. A. fillB. wash
C. plishD. cver
解析:fill 装满;wash 洗;plish 润色;cver 覆盖。根据下文中的“with water”可知,用水装满瓶子。故选A。
答案:A
12. A. make upB. make ff
C. make itD. make sense
解析:make up 弥补;make ff 匆忙离开;make it 获得成功;make sense 有道理。根据上文中的“The little by learned that if he grasped the bttle at the tp near the lip with bth hands”可知,史蒂芬·格伦成功做到了。故选C。
答案:C
13. A. attitudeB. aplgy
C. prjectD. lessn
解析:attitude 态度;aplgy 道歉;prject 工程;lessn 课,教训。这对他是一个多么好的教训啊!故选D。
答案:D
14. A. effrtsB. plans
C. mistakesD. decisins
解析:effrt 努力;plan 计划;mistake 错误;decisin 决定。根据下文中的“Instead, he learned that mistakes”可知,他不必害怕犯错。故选C。
答案:C
15. A. achievementsB. appraches
C. seminarsD. experiments
解析:achievement 成就;apprach 方法;seminar 研讨会;experiment 实验。根据下文中的“Even if the experiment desn't wrk”可知,此处指科学实验。故选D。
答案:D