北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT1 Section Ⅰ Period4学案

这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT1 Section Ⅰ Period4学案，共12页。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练不定式一、不定式的种类和形式1．种类不定式有两种。一种是带to的不定式，另一种是不带 to 的不定式。不带to的不定式和动词原形相同。He wants to become a teacher．他想成为一名教师。I can help you remember that thing．我可以帮助你记住那件事情。2．形式一般形式：to do完成式：to have done进行式：to be doing一般式的被动形式：to be done完成式的被动形式：to have been done完成进行式：to have been doing二、不定式的作用1．不定式作主语To stop the work now seems impossible．现在停止工作似乎不可能。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek．爱与被爱是一个人所能寻求的最大幸福。[名师点津]　很多时候为了避免头重脚轻的现象，常以it 作为先行词，而把不定式移到句子的后部。It isn't right to gossip about others．说别人的闲话是不对的。 It is nice not to be dependent on them．不依靠他们是好的。It was a pity to have to go without her．她没能一起去真是可惜。2．不定式作宾语She failed to finish the assignment in time，and she was worried about it．她没有及时完成任务，对此她感到很担心。I can't afford to buy a car．我买不起小汽车。[名师点津]　动词help可用不带to的不定式作宾语。Regular exercise will help (to) improve your health．经常锻炼会有助于改善你的健康。在特定动词后，不定式可以和疑问词连用作宾语。I hope you'll advise me what to do．我希望你给我出主意怎么办好。I couldn't decide which book to choose．我决定不了选择哪本书。 3．不定式作定语(1)可以作后置定语修饰前面的名词I have a lot of work to do．我有很多工作要做。He was the first athlete to get to the finishing line．他是第一个到达终点线的选手。(2)作定语有时会用到被动形式You are invited to a party to be given at 7：00 pm，on Dec．5．邀请你参加将于十二月五日晚上七点举行的晚会。4．不定式作状语(1)表示原因He was delighted to see his old friend again．他再见到他的老朋友感到很高兴。She was afraid to go out at night．她晚上不敢外出。(2)表示目的A group of young people got together to discuss this question．一群年轻人聚集在一起讨论这个问题。 I often read China Daily so as to improve my reading．我常读《中国日报》以提高我的阅读水平。(3)表示结果I rushed to the station，only to find the train had already gone．我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。The house is large enough to hold two hundred people．这所房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。(4)修饰整个句子To tell you the truth，the film was a great disappointment to me．说实在的，那部影片使我大为失望。5．不定式作表语To learn a language is to use it．学语言是为了使用语言。To see is to believe．眼见为实。 6．不定式作宾语补足语He didn't allow us to smoke in his room．他不允许我们在他房间里吸烟。He made a face and made everybody laugh．他做了一个鬼脸，使得每个人都笑了。短文语境填空(根据所学语法知识，在空白处填入适当的词)It's easy 1．to neglect (neglect) both mental and physical health in college．If necessary，adjust 2．to lose(lose)weight．Your high metabolism(新陈代谢) makes it easy 3．to control (control)your weight．Your elevated hormones(荷尔蒙) allow you 4．to build (build)muscle and cut fat with ease．Your ability 5．to recover(recover) from minor injury permits you 6．to exercise(exercise)with an intensity(强度) that will not be possible even a decade later．7．Being exposed(expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin．Don't get a TV．It's too easy 8．to sit (sit) in a dorm room and watch TV，or to leave it on in the background，9．distracting (distract) you while studying．It is certainly not advised 10．to take (take) this approach in the first semester．课时分层作业(一)Ⅰ．单词拼写1．Most of these specialized schools are provided by voluntary (志愿的)organisations．2．Many people cannot even afford basic necessities (必需品)such as food and clothing．3．You overlook the pressure (压力)you're under and what it does to you．4．I was unable to attend because of a previous (以前的)engagement．5．Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges (挑战) we face．Ⅱ．单句语法填空1．People that are addicted (addict)to drugs get help from the government one way or another．2．In this resort，you can enjoy all the comfort and convenience(convenient) of modern tourism．3．Our services range from equipment management to cleaning and security．4．There she lay year in，year out，unable to move，and with no hope of recovery (recover)．5．Unfortunately，the new software has failed to meet expectations (expectation)．Ⅲ．阅读理解AA weekend trip to Prague is just enough time to enjoy the historical places in the city and you can still take out some time to attend fun activities and enjoy the local cuisine．The list here will help you decide where to stay，where to eat，and where to go on your weekend in the magical city of Prague．Prague Old TownThe most central location in Prague，Old Town is where most of the sightseeing (游览) attractions are．There are various hotels around this area and depending on what you're hoping to spend，there is something for everyone．You can easily walk to Wenceslas Square，Charles Bridge，the Astronomical Clock，and the Old Town Hall Tower．ActivitiesIf you're looking for a family-friendly activity，you can go Paintballing at the Prague Playground which has themed (特定主题的) fields and lets you run around them as much as you want．If you want to explore，you can also be a part of the bike tour that goes to the Karlstejn Castle．Food and DrinkPrague is known for its love of meat and beer，but that's not the only type of food and drink you can enjoy there．Traditional Czzech cuisine is special and something you should try on your weekend in Prague．Now that you know where to stay and what to do，go forth and enjoy your weekend in Prague!【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了周末去Prague旅游的有关信息。1．Which of the following has the most places of interest in Prague?A．Wenceslas Square．B．Charles Bridge．C．Old Town．D．The Astronomical Clock．C　[细节理解题。根据Prague Old Town部分中的“The most central location in Prague，Old Town is where most of the sightseeing attractions are．”可知，Old Town是大部分观光点的所在地，所以Old Town的名胜古迹最多。故选C项。]2．How can you go to explore the Karlstejn Castle?A．By bike．　　　　　　 B．By car．C．By taxi． 　 D．By subway．A　[细节理解题。根据Activities部分中的“If you want to explore，you can also be a part of the bike tour that goes to the Karlstejn Castle．”可知，游客也可以参加到the Karlstejn Castle的自行车之旅，由此可知，去探索the Karlstejn Castle可以骑自行车去。故选A项。]3．Where is the text probably taken from?A．A textbook．　　　 B．A course plan．C．A story． 　 D．A travel guide．D　[文章出处题。根据第一段中的“A weekend trip to Prague is just enough time to enjoy the historical places in the city and you can still take out some time to attend fun activities and enjoy the local cuisine．”可知，本文介绍的是周末去Prague旅行，由此可推断，本文出自旅游指南。故选D项。]BAnother person's enthusiasm (热忱) was what set me moving towards the success I have achieved．That person was my stepmother．I was nine years old when she entered our home in the countryside of Virginia．My father introduced me to her with these words，“I would like you to meet the fellow who is well known for being the worst boy in this town and will probably start throwing rocks at you no later than tomorrow morning．” My stepmother walked over to me，raised my head slightly upwards，and looked at me right in the eye．Then she looked at my father and replied，“You are wrong．This is not the worst boy at all，but the smartest one who hasn't yet found a way to give out his enthusiasm．”That statement began a friendship between us．No one had ever called me smart．My family and neighbors had built me up in my mind as a bad boy．My stepmother changed all that．She changed many things．She persuaded my father to go to a dental school，from which he graduated with honors．She moved our family into the county seat (宅第)，where my father's career could be more successful and my brother and I could be better educated．When I turned fourteen，she bought me a second-hand typewriter and told me that she believed that I could become a writer．I knew her enthusiasm，and I saw how it had already improved our lives．I accepted her belief and began to write for local newspapers and finally reached the goal she set for me．I wasn't the only beneficiary (受益人)．My father became the wealthiest man in town．My brother and stepbrothers became a physician，a dentist，a lawyer，and a college president．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了继母对作者的肯定激发了作者心中对成功的渴望。继母心中的热情，终于促使作者取得了成功，也改变了家里其他人。4．What can be learnt about the author from paragraph 2?A．He was the worst boy in the town．B．He liked throwing rocks at people．C．His father had a low opinion of him．D．His stepmother praised him for his kindness．C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I would like you to meet the fellow who is well known for being the worst boy in this town and will probably start throwing rocks at you no later than tomorrow morning．”可知，作者的父亲对他的评价很低。故选C。]5．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A．Stepmother's influence on the family．B．Friendship between stepmother and son．C．Changes in the family relationship．D．Reasons for receiving education．A　[段落大意题。根据第三段中的“My stepmother changed all that．She changed many things．”以及其他内容可推断，第三段主要讲述了继母对这个家的影响，故选A。]6．Why did the stepmother buy the author a typewriter?A．To congratulate on his success．B．To encourage him to write．C．To help him find a good job．D．To teach him to read and write．B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“When I turned fourteen，she bought me a second-hand typewriter and told me that she believed that I could become a writer．”可知，继母给作者买打字机的原因是鼓励他写作。故选B。]7．What may be the best title for the text?A．Enthusiasm Changes LifeB．Success Lies in EducationC．A Stepmother's Amazing LifeD．The Secret of a Good WriterA　[标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Another person's enthusiasm was what set me moving towards the success I have achieved．”和最后一段中的“I knew her enthusiasm，and I saw how it had already improved our lives．”可知，“热情”是改变作者一家最关键的因素，所以A选项(热情改变生活)是文章最好的标题，故选A。]Ⅳ．阅读七选五With the development of technology and economy，social media is becoming one of the fastest-growing industries in today's world．A study conducted by the US Pew Research Centre showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily．　1　． Changing relationshipsHigh school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face-to-face communication．“It makes face-to-face relationships harder because people's attention is given to their phones instead of their friends，” Cooper said．　2　．Beth Kaplan from Illinois meets her long-distance friend through social media．He currently lives in Scotland，but they're still able to frequently communicate with each other．“I can feel close to someone that I'm talking to via social media，” Kaplan said．Wanting to be “liked”　3　．The 19-year-old Essena O'Neill announced on the social networking service that she was quitting social media because it made her unable to stop thinking about appearing perfect online．　4　．Teenagers who get harmful comments can't help but feel hurt．　5　 However，Armin Korsos，a student from Illinois，takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site．“Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before，” Korsos said．A．Opening new doorsB．Teenagers' attitude towards social mediaC．Unpleasant comments can also do great damage to a teenager's self-respectD．The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers' livesE．Yet，the social media is beneficial to people's talentshowF．The rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see themselvesG．Yet，some people believe social media has made it easier to start relationships with anyone from anywhere【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社交媒体的广泛传播在很多方面改变了青少年的生活。1．D　[根据上文“A study conducted by the US Pew Research Centre showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily．”可知，此处提到了青少年上网的问题。D项符合文意。]2．G　[根据下文“Beth Kaplan from Illinois meets her long-distance friend through social media．He currently lives in Scotland，but they're still able to frequently communicate with each other．”可知，社交媒体可以让人们和其他地方的人交朋友。G项符合文意。 ]3．F　[根据下文“The 19-year-old Essena O'Neill announced on the social networking service that she was quitting social media because it made her unable to stop thinking about appearing perfect online．”可知，社交媒体改变了青少年看待自己的方式。F项符合文意。]4．C　[根据下文“Teenagers who get harmful comments can't help but feel hurt．”可知，负面的评论会对青少年造成伤害。C项符合文意。]5．A　[根据下文“‘Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before，’Korsos said．”可知，社交媒体给人们打开了新的门。A项符合文意。]