北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT3 Section Ⅰ Period4学案

这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT3 Section Ⅰ Period4学案，共13页。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练被动语态一、基本知识1．概念语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。2．构成被动语态一般由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。3．用法(1)讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)My bike was stolen last night．我的自行车昨晚被偷了。(2)借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy．这辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。(3)为使句子更加合理、流畅。The plan was supported by those who wished to live on campus．这个计划得到了希望住在校内的人的支持。(4)习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。He was born in China in 2017．他于2017年出生在中国。[即时训练1]　单句语法填空①All the students were inspired (inspire) by the inspiring speech yesterday．②In the story，the stupid emperor was cheated (cheat) by two cheats．③One third of the country is covered (cover) with trees．二、形式The boy is often heard to play the piano．人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时)She was seen to enter the hall．有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时)A new house will be built by us next year．明年我们要建一栋新房子。(一般将来时)The problem is being discussed at the meeting．会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时)A meeting was being held when I got there．我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时)All these flowers have been watered．这些花都浇过了。(现在完成时)The building had been completed before I arrived．在我到达之前那座建筑就已竣工了。(过去完成时)These books may be kept for two weeks．这些书可以借两周。(含情态动词)[名师点津]　被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get＋过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。She got hurt on her way back home．她在回家的路上受伤了。[即时训练2]　单句语法填空①Both sites have been visited (visit)by over 10，000 people since last year．②To their parents' surprise，the children were found (find) hidden in an old stone house at last．三、被动语态的注意事项1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。The food tastes delicious．这食物味道鲜美。The cotton feels soft．棉花摸上去很软。(2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash，start习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。The engine won't start．引擎发动不起来。这类动词中有的不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。This kind of cloth washes well．这种布好洗。(3)need，want，require作谓语，其后动词可用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式。The plan required discussing．＝The plan required to be discussed．这项计划需要讨论。[即时训练3]　单句语法填空①This piece of meat cuts (cut) well．②The garden doesn't need watering/to be watered (water) because it rained last night．2．不用被动语态的几种情况(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，end，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，lose heart，take place等。The price has risen．价格上涨了。The accident happened last week．那场事故是上周发生的。[名师点津]　要想正确地使用被动语态，就需注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。要想解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。(2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit，have，marry，own，wish，cost，watch，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to。This key just fits the lock．这把钥匙只开这把锁。Your story agrees with what he heard．你的故事与他听到的相符。短文语境填空(根据所学语法知识，在空白处填入适当的词)This is the third time I 1．have been (be) here．All visitors to this town 2．are treated (treat) with kindness．It took me a long time before I was able to 3．fully (full) appreciate what they 4．had done (do) for me．The town life 5．has changed (change) greatly since 1992．People are recycling many things that they might have thrown away in the past．The Town Hall 6．completed (complete) in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time．Great changes 7．have taken (take) place in the town and a lot of factories 8．have been set (set) up．The church tower which 9．is being restored (restore)will be open to tourists soon．The work is almost 10．finished (finish)．课时分层作业(七)Ⅰ．单词拼写1．The atmosphere was lively throughout(在整个期间)the discussion．2．He jumped for joy (愉快) on being told the news．3．Her strong local accent (口音) betrayed her hometown．4．The only decorations (装饰物) are candles and a single mirror．5．I got in touch with him immediately (即刻) after I received the letter．Ⅱ．单句语法填空1．They asked him what his plans were after graduation (graduate)．2．He has received many letters in congratulation (congratulate)of his birthday．3．She picked a large bunch of flowers for decoration (decorate)．4．The exhibition hall is decorated with many traditional (tradition)Chinese paintings．5．It is one of the most original (origin)works of imagination in the language．Ⅲ．阅读理解ASome Strangest Festivals around the WorldThrough the years，people have found many ways to celebrate important occasions in their lives．If you're looking for an interesting and off-the-beaten-path tourist site，here are some most wonderful and unusual festivals from around the world．Battle of the Orange，Ivrea，ItalyEach year in February，a battle takes place in this Italian town among thousands of tourists who throw oranges at each other during a 30-minute fight．The aim is to try and knock down other people by attacking them with oranges so that they cannot stand any longer．Underwater Music Festival，Florida，AmericaRather than being held at a typical concert hall，the Underwater Music Festival takes place on the seabed in July．Aiming to protect the sea life，this unique custom features musicians playing music below water level．100 feet deep in clear water，talented musicians wear diving equipment，performing free concerts for sea creatures and humans alike．Rayne Frog Festival，Louisiana，AmericaThe Rayne Frog Festival is held every fall in Rayne，Louisiana．The festival features all things concerning frogs：frog races，frog jumping，and the selection of the Frog Derby Queen．Besides music performance，it also holds a variety of frog-themed runs，fairs and other activities．If you are into frogs，there's no other place you'd rather be in mid-November．Night of the Radishes (萝卜)，Oaxaca，MexicoNight of the Radishes is a celebration that takes place every December 23rd in Oaxaca，Mexico．It features all kinds of radish sculptures (雕塑)．The tradition began when local radish growers began carving their produce in order to attract customers．But radishes are just radishes after all，and the sculptures don't last．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上一些最奇怪的节日。1．What can tourists do at the Italian festival?A．Throw oranges at each other．B．Play music below water level．C．Watch frog races．D．Enjoy radish sculptures．A　[细节理解题。根据Battle of the Orange，Ivrea，Italy部分的“Each year in February，a battle takes place in this Italian town among thousands of tourists who throw oranges at each other during a 30-minute fight．(每年2月，在这个意大利小镇都会发生一场战斗，数千名游客在30分钟的战斗中互相投掷橙子)”可知，在意大利的节日中游客可以相互投掷橙子。故选A。]2．Who is most likely to be attracted to Underwater Music Festival?A．A fruit grower fond of music．B．A music lover caring about the sea life．C．A sports fan who likes fun games．D．An artist gifted in sculptures．B　[推理判断题。根据Underwater Music Festival，Florida，America部分的“Aiming to protect the sea life，this unique custom features musicians playing music below water level．100 feet deep in clear water，talented musicians wear diving equipment，performing free concerts for sea creatures and humans alike．(为了保护海洋生物，这一独特的习俗以音乐家在水位以下演奏音乐为特色。在100英尺深的清澈水中，才华横溢的音乐家们穿着潜水设备，为海洋生物和人类表演免费音乐会)”可知，为了保护海洋生物，该音乐节在100英尺深的水下进行。由此推知，一个关心海洋生物的音乐爱好者很有可能被Underwater Music Festival吸引。故选B。]3．Which festival suits a tourist who expects a special Christmas holiday?A．Battle of the Orange．B．Underwater Music Festival．C．Rayne Frog Festival．D．Night of the Radishes．D　[细节理解题。根据Night of the Radishes，Oaxaca，Mexico部分的“Night of the Radishes is a celebration that takes place every December 23rd in Oaxaca，Mexico．It features all kinds of radish sculptures．(萝卜之夜是在每年12月23日在墨西哥的瓦哈卡州举行的庆祝活动。它以各种萝卜雕塑为特色)”可知，圣诞节在每年12月25日，而Night of the Radishes在每年12月23日，所以Night of the Radishes这个节日适合期待一个特别的圣诞假期的游客。故选D。]BOne of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift．Unlike other gifts，it came without wrap(包装)．On September 11th，1958，Mom gave birth to Richard．After she brought him home from hospital，she put him in my lap，saying，“I promised you a gift，and here it is．”What an honour！I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own．I played with it day and night．I sang to it．I told it stories．I told it over and over how much I loved it!One morning，however，I found its bed empty．My doll was gone！I cried for it．Mom wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to hospital．It had a fever．For several days，I heard Mom and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless”，“pitiful”，and “dying”，which sounded ominous ．Christmas was coming．“Don't expect any presents this year，” Dad said，pointing at the socks I hung in the living room．“If your baby brother lives，that'll be Christmas enough．” As he spoke，his eyes filled with tears．I'd never seen him cry before．The phone rang early on Christmas morning．Dad jumped out of bed to answer it．From my bedroom I heard him say，“What？He's all right？” He hung up and shouted upstairs．“The hospital said we can bring Richard home！”I heard Mom cry．From the upstairs window，I watched my parents rush out to the car．I had never seen them so happy．And I was also full of joy．What a wonderful day！My baby doll would be home．I ran downstairs．My socks still hung there flat．But I knew they were not empty；they were filled with love!【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者收到了一份特别的圣诞礼物。这份特别的礼物会带给作者什么呢？欣喜若狂的快乐或是牵肠挂肚的爱恋？或者兼而有之？4．What happened to the author on September 11th，1958?A．He got a baby brother．B．He got a Christmas gift．C．He became four years old．D．He received a doll．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“On September 11th，1958，Mom gave birth to Richard．”可知，作者有了一个小弟弟，故A项正确。]5．What does the underlined word “ominous” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Impossible．　　　　　 B．Boring．C．Difficult． 　 D．Fearful．D　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“It had a fever．For several days，I heard Mom and Dad whispering such words as ‘hopeless’，‘pitiful’，and ‘dying’”可知，ominous意为“可怕的”。impossible“不可能的”，boring“让人厌烦的”，difficult“困难的”，均不符合语境，可排除。故D项正确。]6．Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming?A．Excited．B．Happy．C．Sad．D．Disappointed．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As he spoke，his eyes filled with tears．”可知，父亲的内心是“悲伤的(sad)”。]7．What is the passage mainly about?A．A sad Christmas Day．B．Life with a lovely baby．C．A special Christmas gift．D．Memories of a happy family．C　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲作者收到了一份特别的圣诞礼物——小弟弟的康复。A项“一个悲伤的圣诞节”，B项“与一个可爱的婴儿一起的生活”及D项“一个幸福家庭的记忆”都不切题，只有C项“一份特殊的圣诞礼物”能概括全文。]Ⅳ．阅读七选五Thanksgiving Day has been alive for hundreds of years．The customs we see in our homes today remind us of ancient celebrations of harvest，thankfulness for peace，and the hard work of native Americans．It is made up of stories of those who believe that gratitude for blessings is what people must own．　1　 Have you wanted to make special gifts?Custom of Praying．For centuries，Thanksgiving Day is associated with prayers in churches and in homes．　2　 It is a time，when mankind thanks God for his blessing and mercy．It is also a day to show gratitude to their friends and relatives for all the good deeds．　3　 Everyone follows the custom of family dinner and reunion every year．Distances don't really matter as relatives can drive to be with their family．Feasts are usually held at home．It is a time for the family to enjoy their favorite turkey．Custom of Decoration．　4　 People beautify their homes，give the interior a whole new look and feel．They light lamps to brighten the environment．Tables are adorned with the best china and antique silver cutlery to mark the occasion．Custom of Sending Messages．Thanksgiving is a day when people send loving messages and warm wishes to their relatives，colleagues at the workplace，superiors and subordinates，near and dear ones．　5　 A．People present gifts to friends．B．Custom of Family Dinner．C．People like to get together and have turkey．D．People offer various mealtimes to prayers during the day．E．Like Christmas，millions of cards are sent every year．F．Thanksgiving is a time to decorate homes with wreaths，fresh and dried flowers．G．It is a day of expressing their feelings through Thanksgiving cards．【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了感恩节的一些风俗习惯。1．A　[根据下句“你想制作特别的礼物吗？”可知设空处的意思应该是“(在感恩节)人们赠送礼物给朋友。”故选A。]2．D　[根据上句“几个世纪以来，感恩节与在教堂和家里的祈祷有关”和下句“这是一个人类感谢上帝带来祝福和仁慈的时候”可知此处要表达的意思是“人们会在那天不同的进餐时间来祈祷”。故选D。]3．B　[此空是小标题。根据下文“每个人每年都遵循家庭聚餐和团圆的习俗。距离并不重要，因为亲戚可以开车去跟他们的家人团聚”可知，此处指的是家宴习俗。故选B。]4．F　[本段标题是“装饰习俗”，本空是段落首句。根据下文“人们美化住所，给内部一个全新的外观和感觉。他们点灯照亮环境。桌子也摆有最好的瓷器和古老的银餐具以示庆祝”可知，感恩节是人们装饰房屋并用花环、鲜花和干花点缀房间的时间。故选F。]5．G　[根据上句“感恩节是人们向亲戚、工作场所的同事、上下级、亲密的人传递爱的信息和温馨的祝福的日子”可知，这一天他们通过赠送感恩节贺卡来表达自己的情感。故选G。]时态名称被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are＋过去分词一般过去时was/were＋过去分词一般将来时will/shall＋be＋过去分词过去将来时would＋be＋过去分词现在进行时am/is/are＋being＋过去分词过去进行时was/were＋being＋过去分词现在完成时have/has＋been＋过去分词过去完成时had＋been＋过去分词