北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（Word版附解析）

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笔试(共三部分 100分)
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I had always wanted a dg. My parents tld me when I was ld enugh and ___1___, I culd have ne.
One day I hpped ff the bus, nt knwing what awaited me inside. I walked thrugh the dr, and t my ___2___, a white and black puppy greeted me with many puppy kisses. A very special friendship was brn that day.
She was a smart dg. We ___3___ play fr hurs, spending ur days learning and grwing tgether.
Eleven years we were tgether, best f friends. Unfrtunately, arthritis (关节炎) and ld age set in n her. My parents knew what had t be dne, but they let me find and make the decisin myself.
She was ___4___ s much and the medicine didn’t seem t help anymre. She culd ___5___ walk. I lked int thse deep brwn eyes and ___6___ it was time t let her g.
I carried her int the vet’s (兽医诊所) and placed her n the table. She leaned her head frward and gave a lick t my hand as if t say, “I understand. Stay ___7___.” Her tail was wagging (摆动) in a circle as always.
The vet asked befre giving the final sht, “Are yu sure?” With a heavy heart and tear-filled eyes, I ndded yes. The final sht was given. My eyes fixed upn her wagging tail. In a matter f secnds, it ___8___. The vet listened fr a heartbeat, and said, “It’s ver.”
I tk her hme and buried her in the pasture, where she lved playing and chasing rabbits. It was the ___9___ thing I had ever dne.
Recently I went back t her grave. Grwing n her grave was a single wildflwer. It was swaying in a circle, just like her. I knw nw that, that special friend will be _____10_____ me always.
1. A. cnfidentB. braveC. creativeD. respnsible
2. A. reliefB. surpriseC. annyanceD. cnfusin
3. A. wuldB. shuldC. mightD. must
4. A. sufferingB. expectingC. payingD. gaining
5. A. evenB. almstC. stillD. hardly
6. A. insistedB. realizedC. agreedD. predicted
7. A. hnestB. ppularC. strngD. active
8. A. stppedB. expandedC. hurtD. rse
9. A. greatestB. hardestC. wisestD. warmest
10. A. abveB. nC. withD. fr
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与一只黑白相间的小狗之间深厚的友情。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父母告诉我，当我足够大，有责任心的时候，我可以有一个。A. cnfident自信的；B. brave勇敢的；C. creative创造性的；D. respnsible有责任心的。根据上文“ld enugh(足够大)”以及下文“I culd have ne(我可以拥有一个)”可知，空白处应填表示“有责任心的”含义的形容词，故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿过门，令我惊喜的是，一只黑白相间的小狗向我献上了许多小狗的吻。A. relief宽慰；B. surprise惊喜；C. annyance恼怒；D. cnfusin混乱。根据下文“a white and black puppy greeted me with many puppy kisses(一只黑白相间的小狗向我献上了许多小狗的吻)”可知，小狗的出现，让作者感到惊喜，故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：她是一只聪明的狗。我们会玩上几个小时，每天一起学习和成长。A. wuld总是（表示过去反复发生的动作）；B. shuld应该；C. might可能；D. must必须。根据下文“play fr hurs, spending ur days learning and grwing tgether(玩上几个小时，每天一起学习和成长)”可知，句子表示的是一个在过去反复发生的动作，使用情态动词wuld表示“总是”含义，故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很痛苦，药物似乎不再有帮助。A. suffering受苦；B. expecting期待；C. paying支付；D. gaining获得。根据下文“the medicine didn’t seem t help anymre(药物似乎不再有帮助)”可知，这里说的是正在遭受着疾病带来的痛苦，故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她几乎不能走路。A. even甚至；B. almst几乎；C. still仍旧；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“it was time t let her g(该到了放手的时候了)”可知，此处上下文说的是她几乎不能走路了，故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着那双深棕色的眼睛，意识到是时候让她走了。A. insisted坚持；B. realized意识到；C. agreed同意；D. predicted预料。根据下文“it was time t let her g(该到了放手的时候了)”可知，这是作者意识到的内容，故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她把头前倾，舔了舔我的手，好像在说：“我明白。保持坚强。”A. hnest诚实的；B. ppular流行的；C. strng坚强的；D. active积极的。根据上文“She leaned her head frward and gave a lick t my hand as if t say, “I understand(她把头前倾，舔了舔我的手，好像在说：“我明白”)”可知，狗把头前倾，舔了舔作者的手，似乎在安慰作者，分析选项，C项“strng坚强的”表示的含义符合语境，故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几秒钟后，它停止了。A. stpped停止；B. expanded扩张；C. hurt伤害；D. rse升起。根据下文“It’s ver(结束了)”可推理出，狗的尾巴停止了摆动，故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我做过的最艰难的事情。A. greatest最伟大的；B. hardest最艰难的；C. wisest最聪明的；D. warmest最温暖的。根据上文“I tk her hme and buried her in the pasture, where she lved playing and chasing rabbits(我把她带回家，埋在牧场上，她喜欢在那里玩耍和追逐兔子)”可知，作者要把心爱的狗埋在牧场，让作者想起了之前的快乐时光，可推理出作者感到很艰难，故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我现在知道了，那个特别的朋友将永远和我在一起。A. abve大于；B. n在……上；C. with与……一起；D. fr为了。根据上文“Grwing n her grave was a single wildflwer. It was swaying in a circle, just like her(她的坟墓上长着一朵野花。它像她一样绕着圈子摇摆)”可知，一朵野花让作者联想到了狗，可推理出此处上下文说的是作者联想到了狗和她永远在一起，be with sb为固定短语，含义为“与……在一起”，符合句意，故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Over the years, acupuncture (针灸) ____11____ (becme) a glbal therapy. It has seen many advancements in scientific research and mdern medicine. It is nw a ppular treatment fr a variety f ____12____ (disease). Accrding t a 2023 WHO reprt, acupuncture has been used in 113 member cuntries, ____13____ shws its widespread recgnitin and applicatin.
【答案】11. has becme
12. diseases
13. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了针灸疗法在全球范围内的发展。
【11题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，针灸已经成为一种全球性的治疗方法。分析句子可知，becme(变成，成为)是句中谓语动词，与主语acupuncture (针灸)之间是主动关系，结合时间状语Over the years可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的事情，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，单数形式。故填has becme。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：它现在是一种治疗多种疾病的流行疗法。可数名词disease作宾语，有“a variety f(各种各样的)”修饰，用复数形式。故填diseases。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：根据世界卫生组织2023年的一份报告，针灸已在113个成员国中使用，这表明针灸得到了广泛的认可和应用。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，“针灸已在113个成员国中使用”这件事情在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As I walked thrugh the square, I ____14____ (invite) t jin a dance at the Malaysian bth. In n time, I fund ____15____ (I) in the midst f a large dance circle. Peple frm ____16____ (difference) backgrunds celebrated tgether with energetic mvements and jyful laughter. Beside me were a girl frm Inner Mnglia, China, and a girl frm Russia ____17____ were excited t discver that their hmetwns were right next t each ther, despite being in different cuntries.
【答案】14. was invited
15. myself 16. different
17. wh##that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加马来西亚展台的一个舞会的经历。
【14题详解】
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：当我穿过广场时，我被邀请去参加马来西亚展台的一个舞会。根据“walked”可知，此处为一般过去时，主语I和invite为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为I，be动词用was。故填was invited。
【15题详解】
考查代词。句意：很快，我发现自己置身于一个巨大的舞蹈圈之中。句子的主语和宾语一致，需用I对应的反身代词myself，作宾语。故填myself。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：来自不同背景的人们用充满活力的动作和欢乐的笑声一起庆祝。修饰名词backgrunds，需用形容词different，作定语。故填different。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我身边有一个来自中国内蒙古的女孩和一个来自俄罗斯的女孩，她们很兴奋地发现，尽管身处不同的国家，但她们的家乡却近在咫尺。空处引导定语从句，先行词a girl，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词wh/that引导。故填wh/that。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There is n questin that the s-called meatless meat ____18____ (win) when it cmes t the health f ur planet. Plant-based meat, like all fds, has sme impact n the envirnment, ____19____ it desn’t cme clse t having the srt f impact n the planet that meat des. T see ____20____ the difference is, we have t lk at a few key elements f envirnmental impact: water usage, land usage, and carbn emissins.
【答案】18. wins
19. but 20. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。植物性肉类对环境有一定影响，但它对地球的影响远不及肉类。要了解其中的差异，我们必须了解环境影响的几个关键要素：用水量、土地使用量和碳排放量。
【18题详解】
考查时态。句意：毫无疑问，就地球的健康而言，所谓的无肉肉类获胜。此处在主句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是meat，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填wins。
【19题详解】
考查连词。句意：与所有食物一样，植物性肉类对环境有一定影响，但它对地球的影响远不及肉类。句子“Plant-based meat, like all fds, has sme impact n the envirnment,”和句子“it desn’t cme clse t having the srt f impact n the planet that meat des.”是转折关系，应用转折连词but，故填but。
【20题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：要了解其中的差异，我们必须了解环境影响的几个关键要素：用水量、土地使用量和碳排放量。空处引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作表语，指物，应用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Harvard’s Pre-Cllege Prgram is an intensive tw-week summer prgram designed t give yu a glimpse f cllege life. Yu will live n the Harvard campus during yur tw-week sessin while taking a cllege-level curse with ther Pre-Cllege Prgram students. T enter Summer 2024, yu must meet the criterin: being a high schl graduate.
With almst 30 curses t chse frm, yu’re sure t find a tpic that aruses yur interest amng the curses ffered t Pre-Cllege Prgram students. Althugh curses are nn-credit (无学分的) and d nt have letter grades, they are demanding. At the end f the prgram, yu’ll receive a written evaluatin frm yur teacher, as well as a Harvard transcript (成绩单) with yur grade. This is a great way t help with yur cllege applicatin.
The ttal fee fr a 2024 Harvard Pre-Cllege Prgram sessin is $5,550. The prgram fee includes tuitin (学费), a rm and meal plan, activity csts, and an accident and sickness insurance plan fr the full tw weeks. There is als a $75 applicatin fee. A limited number f schlarships are available t assist qualified students wh need financial supprt.
Harvard’s Pre-Cllege Prgram cmbines the hard wrk and strictness f an Ivy League educatin with the fun that cmes with living, studying, and scializing with new friends. Whether yu’re engaging in meaningful debate in class r explring the Bstn area, yu’ll be creating memries that will last yu a lifetime. The first step in yur jurney tward this amazing experience is applying. Cmplete ur infrmatin request frm t hear frm us abut imprtant deadlines and helpful resurces.
21. Yu can take part in the Harvard’s Pre-Cllege Prgram if yu ______.
A. have gt Harvard’s fferB. have finished high schl
C. have reached cllege levelD. live n the Harvard campus
22. If yu take the prgram, yu ______.
A. need t pay the csts just fr tuitin and accmmdatin
B. will have a great chance t get the schlarships if yu want
C. can enjy the same resurces at Harvard as regular students
D. will get a reprt frm yur teacher at the end f the prgram
23. What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A. T ffer infrmatin abut a summer prgram.
B. T intrduce the benefits f a summer prgram.
C. T emphasize the imprtance f pre-cllege educatin.
D. T share an amazing experience n the Harvard campus.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哈佛大学预科课程，介绍了课程时间、课程设置以及费用等信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Yu will live n the Harvard campus during yur tw-week sessin while taking a cllege-level curse with ther Pre-Cllege Prgram students. T enter Summer 2024, yu must meet the criterin: being a high schl graduate.(在为期两周的学习期间，你将住在哈佛大学校园里，与其他大学预科项目的学生一起学习大学水平的课程。要进入2024年夏季，你必须符合标准:高中毕业生)”可知，如果你已经完成高中学业，你可以参加哈佛大学预科项目。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At the end f the prgram, yu’ll receive a written evaluatin frm yur teacher, as well as a Harvard transcript (成绩单) with yur grade.(在课程结束时，你会收到老师的书面评估，以及一份哈佛成绩单和你的成绩)”可知，如果你参加了这个项目，在项目结束时你会收到老师的一份报告。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Harvard’s Pre-Cllege Prgram is an intensive tw-week summer prgram designed t give yu a glimpse f cllege life.(哈佛大学预科课程是一个为期两周的暑期密集课程，旨在让你对大学生活有一个初步的了解)”结合文章主要介绍了哈佛大学预科课程，介绍了课程时间、课程设置以及费用等信息。可推知，文章的主要目的是提供暑期项目的信息。故选A。
B
On a summer mrning, I wke up early, herded my three-and five-year-ld daughters int the car, packed my friend and her tw daughters int the car, and drve tw hurs t the New Jersey Shre, where we spread ur twels n the beach by 10 a.m.
Out f nwhere, the girls tk ff running. Abut 50 yards frm us, a man—maybe in his late 50s—was fishing with gigantic ples. The girls std next t him and watched with their little muths hanging pen as he cast the lines. He smiled at them. They ran back t us — all except my three-year-ld, Drew.
My brain immediately sht int Mama Bear mde: human trafficker (人贩子).
“Drew! Cme here! Play with yur friends!” I yelled, very aware that my speeches abut nt talking t strangers weren’t wrking. Gd mms shuld be cautius. Gd mms shuld teach their daughters that the wrld is a dangerus place. S I felt relieved when Drew trtted ver t me and grabbed a shvel. Then she lked me in the eye, “I want t be with that man.” She ran back, sat dwn next t him, and started digging.
As I was thinking abut what she was saying t him, she ran back t us, waving smething very shiny and slimy. “A ty fish!” This must have been what he was using fr bait. And he’d given it t Drew. The three ther girls were impressed, and they all lnged fr the fish. Drew lked at me fr help, then at the man, then back at me.
“My friend gave me that fish!” she prtested. The sand turned int a preschl cage match with a yellw rubber fish flipping thrugh the air. Tears were fast appraching. I felt like I might cry myself.
Suddenly, there he was. He was hlding three mre rubber fish and handed them t each f the girls. By their faces, yu wuld have thught he was actually the really cute Jnas brther. “Thank yu,” they said, withut prmpting.
“Thank yu,” I said, realizing that yes, there is evil in the wrld... but there is als gd, and kindness in strangers, and lessns fr mthers t learn that nly a three-year-ld culd teach them.
24. The authr thught a gd mm shuld ______.
A. allw her kids t relaxB. care abut her kids’ safety
C. take her kids t explre natureD. encurage her kids t share with thers
25. What made the authr change her attitude twards the man?
A The man letting Drew sit next t him.B. The man teaching the kids hw t fish.
C. The man handing a rubber fish t Drew.D. The man handing extra rubber fish t the kids.
26. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. There is gdwill in the wrld.B. Children have their wn blessings.
C. Everything cmes t thse wh wait.D. Watch ut fr peple with bad intentins.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和朋友带孩子们去海滩玩耍，作者对陌生人心存警戒防备之心，但孩子们都愿意和陌生人交往。后来陌生人善良的举动让作者明白：世上不止有邪恶，更有善良。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“I yelled, very aware that my speeches abut nt talking t strangers weren’t wrking. Gd mms shuld be cautius. Gd mms shuld teach their daughters that the wrld is a dangerus place.( 我大声喊道，很清楚我那些关于不要和陌生人说话的演讲不起作用。好妈妈应该谨慎。好妈妈应该告诉她们的女儿，世界是一个危险的地方。)”可推知，作者认为一个好妈妈应该关心孩子的安全。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Suddenly, there he was. He was hlding three mre rubber fish and handed them t each f the girls.(突然，他出现了。他手里又拿着三条橡皮鱼，递给每个女孩。)”可知，那个给孩子们额外送橡皮鱼的人使作者改变了对他的态度。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“but there is als gd, and kindness in strangers, and lessns fr mthers t learn that nly a three-year-ld culd teach them.(但陌生人身上也有好的和善良的一面，只有三岁的孩子才能教会母亲们的经验教训。)”可知，从文章中我们可以知道世界上有善良。故选A。
C
In the stry A Christmas Carl, the wealthy miser (吝啬鬼) Ebenezer Scrge has a magical, life-changing epiphany (顿悟). Scrge’s eyes are pened as t hw his behavir affects ther peple — and he ges frm a selfish grump t a generus benefactr vernight, thanks t visits frm ghsts.
Scrge’s transfrmatin cmes dwn t knwledge. But d peple really want t knw hw their actins affect thers? As behaviral scientists, we wanted t understand just hw cmmn willful ignrance is — as well as why peple engage in it.
Experiments were carried ut t find answers. Researchers asked ne member f each pair t chse between tw ptins (选择) in ne f tw settings, determining the earnings fr themselves and their partner.
In the transparent setting, if they chse $5 fr themselves, they knew their partner wuld als receive $5. If, hwever, they chse $6 fr themselves, they knew their partner wuld receive nly $1 in return.
In the ambiguus setting, there were tw pssible situatins. In ne, if the decisin-maker selected $6 fr themselves, their partner wuld receive $1, and if the decisin-maker chse $5, their partner wuld receive $5. But in the ther situatin, the decisin-maker culd pick $6 and their partner wuld receive $5, r the decisin-maker culd select $5 and their partner wuld receive $1. The decisin-maker knew these tw systems — but they were nt initially aware f which situatin they were in. Interestingly, the decisin-maker had the pprtunity t reslve that ambiguity by clicking a buttn.
Acrss all studies, we fund in the transparent setting 55% chse the altruistic ptin. In the ambiguus setting, hwever, 40% f participants chse t remain ignrant. 60% f peple in the ignrant grup chse a higher persnal payut in situatins where this chice came at the expense f their partner. Amng thse wh requested mre infrmatin, 36% knwingly kept a higher payut at a cst t their partner. Only 39% f peple in the ambiguus setting made the chice that ultimately benefited their partner — a significant drp frm 55% in the transparent cnditin.
But hw d we knw if ignrance in the ambiguus setting was willful? We cnducted a secnd analysis fcused n what mtivates peple t seek infrmatin.
In this analysis we lked at hw peple wh btained additinal infrmatin behaved in cmparisn with thse wh were given infrmatin. We fund that peple wh chse t receive infrmatin in the ambiguus setting were seven percentage pints mre likely t make the altruistic chice than peple in the transparent setting. By the same tken the finding als suggests ignrance prevents peple frm knwing hw their actins harm thers.
If we can avid putting a strng mral emphasis n decisins, it may make peple feel less threatened and, as a result, less willfully ignrant. We may nt have Dickensian ghsts t guide us — but there are still steps we can take.
27. The authr mentins Scrge’s change mainly t ______.
A. draw a cmparisnB. intrduce a tpic
C. evaluate a characterD. give an example
28. If the decisin-maker chse t click the buttn in the ambiguus setting, they wuld ______.
A. drp ut f the experimentB. knw the situatin they are in
C. receive the additinal earningsD. switch t the ther situatin they prefer
29. What des the underlined wrd “altruistic” in Paragraph 6 mst prbably mean?
A. Inadvisable.B. Selfless.C. Fair-minded.D. Unrealistic.
30. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The ignrant grup tend t sacrifice their wn interest.
B. Mral evaluatin might lead t mre intentinal ignrance.
C. There is n cmmn payut system shared by bth settings.
D. Aviding infrmatin might make peple feel like bad persns.
【答案】27. B 28. B 29. B 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。人们想知道自己的行为如何影响他人，作为行为科学家，为了了解人们故意让自己不知道的情况有多普遍，以及人们为何会这样做，科学家进行了一项研究。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Scrge’s transfrmatin cmes dwn t knwledge. But d peple really want t knw hw their actins affect thers? As behaviral scientists, we wanted t understand just hw cmmn willful ignrance is—as well as why peple engage in it.(斯克鲁奇的转变归结于知识。但人们真的想知道他们的行为如何影响他人吗？作为行为科学家，我们想要了解故意使自己不知道的情况有多普遍，以及人们为何会这样做。)”可推知，作者提到斯克鲁奇的改变主要是为了引出文章话题——科学家想知道故意让自己不知道的情况有多普遍，以及人们为何会这样做，故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the ambiguus setting, there were tw pssible decisin-maker knew these tw systems—but they were nt initially aware f which situatin they were in. Interestingly, the decisin-maker had the pprtunity t reslve that ambiguity by clicking a buttn.(在模棱两可的环境中，有两种可能的情况……决策者知道这两个系统，但他们最初并不知道自己处于哪种情况。有趣的是，决策者有机会通过单击按钮来解决这种模棱两可的情况。)”可知，如果决策者选择在不明确的设置中单击按钮，他们会了解他们所处的情况，故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Only 39% f peple in the ambiguus setting made the chice that ultimately benefited their partner—a significant drp frm 55% in the transparent cnditin.(在模棱两可的环境中，只有39%的人做出了最终有利于伴侣的选择——与公开环境下的55%相比，这一比例显着下降。)”可知，在模棱两可的环境中，只有39%的人做出了最终有利于伴侣的选择，这与公开环境下的55%明显下降，由此可推知，55%的人在公开的环境中选的是的利于他人的选择，划线单词altruistic意为“利于他人的”，与B项“Selfless. (无私的)”意思一样，故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If we can avid putting a strng mral emphasis n decisins, it may make peple feel less threatened and, as a result, less willfully ignrant. (如果我们能够避免在决策中过分强调道德，可能会减少人们的威胁感，从而减少故意无知的情况。)”可推知，道德评价可能会导致更多的故意无知。故选B。
D
Debate abut artificial intelligence (AI) tends t fcus n its ptential dangers: algrithmic bias (算法偏见) and discriminatin, the mass destructin f jbs and even, sme say, the extinctin f humanity. Hwever, thers are fcusing n the ptential rewards. Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbcharge scientific prgress and lead t a glden age f discvery. Culd they be right?
Such claims are wrth examining, and may prvide a useful cunterbalance t fears abut large-scale unemplyment and killer rbts. Many previus technlgies have, f curse, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will suppsedly slve the wrld’s prblems has a strnger histrical basis.
In the 17th century micrscpes and telescpes pened up new vistas f discvery and encuraged researchers t favr their wn bservatins ver the received wisdm f antiquity (古代), while the intrductin f scientific jurnals gave them new ways t share and publicize their findings. Then, starting in the late 19th century, the establishment f research labratries, which brught tgether ideas, peple and materials n an industrial scale, gave rise t further innvatins. Frm the mid-20th century, cmputers in turn enabled new frms f science based n simulatin and mdelling.
All this is t be welcmed. But the jurnal and the labratry went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlcked mre pwerful means f making discveries, by allwing peple and ideas t mingle in new ways and n a larger scale. AI, t, has the ptential t set ff such a transfrmatin.
Tw areas in particular lk prmising. The first is “literature-based discvery” (LBD), which invlves analyzing existing scientific literature, using ChatGPT-style language analysis, t lk fr new hyptheses, cnnectins r ideas that humans may have missed. The secnd area is “rbt scientists”. These are rbtic systems that use AI t frm new hyptheses, based n analysis f existing data and literature, and then test thse hyptheses by perfrming hundreds r thusands f experiments, in fields including systems bilgy and materials science. Unlike human scientists, rbts are less attached t previus results, less driven by bias—and, crucially, easy t replicate. They culd scale up experimental research, develp unexpected theries and explre avenues that human investigatrs might nt have cnsidered.
The idea is therefre feasible. But the main barrier is scilgical: it can happen nly if human scientists are willing and able t use such tls. Gvernments culd help by pressing fr greater use f cmmn standards t allw AI systems t exchange and interpret labratry results and ther data. They culd als fun d mre research int the integratin f AI smarts with labratry rbtics, and int frms f AI beynd thse being pursued in the private sectr. Less fashinable frms f AI, such as mdel-based machine learning, may be better suited t scientific tasks such as frming hyptheses.
31. Regarding Demis and Yann’s viewpint, the authr is likely t be ______.
A. supprtiveB. puzzledC. uncncernedD. dubtful
32. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. LBD fcuses n testing the reliability f ever-made hyptheses.
B. Resistance t AI prevents the transfrmatin f scientific practice.
C. Rbt scientists frm hyptheses withut cnsidering previus studies.
D. Bth jurnals and labs need adjustments in prmting scientific findings.
33. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Official standards have facilitated the exchange f data.
B. Perfrming scientific tasks relies n gvernment funding.
C. Less ppular AI frms might be wrth paying attentin t.
D. The applicatin f AI in public sectr hasn’t been launched.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Transfrming Science. Hw Can AI Help?
B. Making Breakthrughs. What Is AI’s Strength?
C. Reshaping Histry. Hw May AI Develp Further?
D. Redefining Discvery. Hw Can AI Overcme Its Weakness?
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能可以改变科学实践，以及人工智能是如何帮助改变科学实践的。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbcharge scientific prgress and lead t a glden age f discvery.(Demis Hassabis和Yann LeCun等该领域的杰出人物相信人工智能可以推动科学进步并引领发现的黄金时代)”和第二段中“Such claims are wrth examining, and may prvide a useful cunterbalance t fears abut large-scale unemplyment and killer rbts. Many previus technlgies have, f curse, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will suppsedly slve the wrld’s prblems has a strnger histrical basis.(这些说法值得研究，并且可能为人们对大规模失业和杀手机器人的担忧提供有用的平衡。当然，许多以前的技术被错误地誉为万灵药。但人工智能解决世界问题的机制有着更强有力的历史基础)”可知，作者认为Demis和Yann的观点值得研究，且认为人工智能解决世界问题的机制有着更强有力的历史基础。由此推知，作者可能支持Demis和Yann的观点——人工智能可以推动科学进步并引领发现的黄金时代。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“But the jurnal and the labratry went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlcked mre pwerful means f making discveries, by allwing peple and ideas t mingle in new ways and n a larger scale. AI, t, has the ptential t set ff such a transfrmatin.(但该杂志和实验室走得更远：它们改变了科学实践本身，并通过允许人和思想以新方式和更大规模的融合，开启了更强大的发现手段。人工智能也有可能引发这样的转变)”可知，人工智能能引起科学实践的改变。由此推知，对人工智能的抵制阻碍科学实践的转变。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Less fashinable frms f AI, such as mdel-based machine learning, may be better suited t scientific tasks such as frming hyptheses.(如基于模型的机器学习这种不太流行的人工智能形式，可能更适合科学任务，例如形成假设)”可知，不太流行的人工智能形式，可能更适合科学任务。由此推知，不太流行的人工智能形式可能值得关注。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读第一段到第四段，尤其是第一段中“Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbcharge scientific prgress and lead t a glden age f discvery.(Demis Hassabis和 Yann LeCun等该领域的杰出人物相信人工智能可以推动科学进步并引领发现的黄金时代) ”和第四段中“AI, t, has the ptential t set ff such a transfrmatin.(人工智能也有可能引发这样的转变)”可知，前四段指出人工智能可以实现科学时间的转变，接着根据第五段中“Tw areas in particular lk prmising.(有两个领域看起来尤其有希望)”可知，第五段介绍了人工智能从两个领域改变科学实践，最后一段总结人工智能改变科学实践是可行的。由此可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能是如何帮助改变科学的。A项“改变科学。人工智能有何帮助？”适合作文章标题。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Temptatin (诱惑) is part f life. It is cmmnplace t find yurself in situatins—fr instance, chsing between a delicius dessert versus sticking t a diet, r playing vide games instead f studying. ____35____. Successfully resisting (抵制) temptatins is prbably smething yu aim fr.
Unsurprisingly, research shws that peple with greater self-cntrl experience benefits such as success at schl and wrk and greater satisfactin in their relatinships. But there’s grwing evidence that self-cntrl can als cme with varius dwnsides.
____36____ Imagine smene wh always wakes up early, never allws fr any distractins frm their wrk, and sticks t a strict diet. Yu might view them as ambitius, because f their determinatin and discipline. Hwever, fr thse same reasns, yu might als view this persn as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight r even cld. In fact, that’s what we’ve fund in ur research.
The hidden csts f high self-cntrl als extend beynd the scial area t affect a persn’s emtinal life. Fr instance, cnsider the experience f regret. Research has shwn that, when peple reflect n their mre distant past, they tend t regret having t much self-cntrl rather than nt having enugh. ____37____.
Even the psitive beliefs that peple hld abut thse wh have high self-cntrl, such as that they will perfrm better n grup prjects, can have negative effects. ____38____. That will lead them t feel mre burdened by the dependence that thers have n them. This increased exhaustin and sense f burden can reduce levels f satisfactin within thse relatinships.
Self-cntrl is smething nearly all f us try t be better at. But it’s als imprtant t recgnize that there can als be sme csts t having limitless willpwer. ____39____. By wrking t address the unfavrable utcmes related t high self-cntrl, while cntinuing t pursue the favrable nes, we may each eventually find a healthy balance.
A. Self-disciplined peple are less likely t frgive thers.
B. Peple with higher self-cntrl tend t enjy better health in life.
C. We can all benefit frm understanding bth sides f this research literature.
D. Sme f the csts f high self-cntrl are scial and reputatinal (有关声誉的).
E. These ideas can create heightened expectatins fr the high self-cntrl persn.
F. S enacting this self-cntrl may actually lead yu t feel less satisfactin dwn the rad.
G. During these times, yu likely hpe t make the ‘right’ decisin that drives yu twards yur lng-term gals.
【答案】35. G 36. D 37. F 38. E 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了自我控制会带来的一些负面影响。
【35题详解】
根据上文“It is cmmnplace t find yurself in situatins—fr instance, chsing between a delicius dessert versus sticking t a diet, r playing vide games instead f studying. (我们经常会发现自己处于这样的境地——例如，在美味的甜点和坚持节食之间做出选择，或者在玩电子游戏而不是学习之间做出选择。)”和下文“Successfully resisting (抵制) temptatins is prbably smething yu aim fr. (成功抵抗诱惑可能是你的目标。)”可知，空处承上启下，指出在这些情况下，你可能会做出正确的选择。G项中的“these times”和上文的“situatins”对应，G项中的“gals”和下文中的“smething yu aim fr”对应。G项：During these times, yu likely hpe t make the ‘right’ decisin that drives yu twards yur lng-term gals. (在这段时间里，你可能希望做出“正确”的决定，推动你朝着长期目标前进。)符合语境。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据下文“Imagine smene wh always wakes up early, never allws fr any distractins frm their wrk, and sticks t a strict diet. Yu might view them as ambitius, because f their determinatin and discipline. Hwever, fr thse same reasns, yu might als view this persn as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight r even cld. (想象一下，一个人总是早起，从不允许任何工作分心，并坚持严格的饮食。你可能会认为他们雄心勃勃，因为他们的决心和纪律。然而，出于同样的原因，你也可能认为这个人呆板、无趣、紧张甚至冷漠。)”可知，本段主要讲述了高度的自我控制往往是要付出社会的和名声的代价。D项中的“scial and reputatinal”与下文中的“yu might als view this persn as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight r even cld”对应。D项：Sme f the csts f high self-cntrl are scial and reputatinal (有关声誉的). (高度自我控制的一些代价是有关社会的和名誉的。)符合语境。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Research has shwn that, when peple reflect n their mre distant past, they tend t regret having t much self-cntrl rather than nt having enugh. (研究表明，当人们回想起遥远的过去时，他们往往会后悔自己控制得太多，而不是不够。)”可知，空处说明自我控制太多会造成的后果，和上文形成因果关系。F项：S enacting this self-cntrl may actually lead yu t feel less satisfactin dwn the rad. (因此，实行这种自我控制实际上可能会导致你在未来的道路上感到更少的满足感。)符合语境。故选F。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Even the psitive beliefs that peple hld abut thse wh have high self-cntrl, such as that they will perfrm better n grup prjects, can have negative effects. (即使是人们对自制力强的人持有的积极信念，比如他们会在小组项目中表现得更好，也会产生负面影响。)”可知，空处承接上文，具体说明这些积极信念可能会导致的负面影响。E项中的“these ideas”指代上文中的“the psitive beliefs”.E项：These ideas can create heightened expectatins fr the high self-cntrl persn. (这些想法会对高自控能力的人产生更高的期望。)符合语境。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Self-cntrl is smething nearly all f us try t be better at. But it’s als imprtant t recgnize that there can als be sme csts t having limitless willpwer. (自我控制几乎是我们所有人都想要提高的。但同样重要的是要认识到，拥有无限的意志力也会有一些代价。)”可知，上文提到了自我控制的两个方面影响，空处承接上文，说明我们可以通过了解这篇文献受益。C项：We can all benefit frm understanding bth sides f this research literature. (我们都能从了解研究文献的两个方面中受益。)符合语境。故选C。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共12小题;共12分)
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. Spring Festival is highly ______ by every Chinese family.(根据句意填空)
【答案】valued
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：春节是每个中国家庭都非常重视的节日。根据句意“重视”可知，此处为动词value，Spring Festival和value为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词is，空处需填过去分词。故填valued。
41. The mment I get n the train, I am ______ by Shanxi accents. (根据句意填空)
【答案】surrunded
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：一上火车，我就被山西口音包围了。根据句意可知，此处表示“包围”为动词surrund，和主语I是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与am构成一般现在时的被动语态，故填surrunded。
42. Festivals ffer a sense f ______ fr religius, scial and gegraphical grups. (根据句意填空)
【答案】belnging
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：节日为宗教、社会和地理群体提供了归属感。根据句意， 表示“归属”，用名词belnging作介词宾语；a sense f belnging“归属感”。故填belnging。
43. Nw, festival celebratins have becme mre self-centered and are mving away frm traditins. They are mre fcused n instant ______. (根据句意填空)
【答案】satisfactin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：现在，节日庆祝活动变得更加以自我为中心，并且正在远离传统。他们更注重即时的满足感。根据句意可知，此处表示“满足”为名词satisfactin作宾语，不可数，instant satisfactin意为“即时满足”，故填satisfactin。
44. Traditinal Chinese festivals are an imprtant part f Chinese ______, and we must prtect them. (根据句意填空)
【答案】culture
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：中国传统节日是中国文化的重要组成部分，我们必须保护它们。根据句意“文化”可知，空处需填名词culture，作宾语。故填culture。
45. Traditinal festivals are a surce f natinal pride and help ______ ur natinal identity. (根据句意填空)
【答案】reshape
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：传统节日是民族自豪感的源泉，有助于重塑我们的民族认同。根据句意“重塑”可知，此处为动词reshape，help d sth.为固定搭配，意为“帮助做某事”。故填reshape。
46. Digitizing ancient art allws us t explre the practices f lng ag. It als makes the art ______ t the wrld. (根据句意填空)
【答案】accessible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：将古代艺术数字化使我们能够探索很久以前的实践。它还使艺术走向世界。根据句意可知，此处表示“可使用的，可到达的”，为形容词accessible，作宾语补足语，故填accessible。
47. Friends shuld fcus mre n face-t-face cmmunicatin. This is the best way t ______ healthy friendships. (根据句意填空)
【答案】maintain
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：朋友之间应该多面对面交流。这是保持健康友谊的最好方法。根据句意“维持，保持”可知，此处为动词maintain，需填动词原形和t构成动词不定式，修饰名词way。故填maintain。
48. Imprtant ______ skills are develped thrugh direct cntact with ther peple. (根据句意填空)
【答案】scial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：重要的社交技能是通过与他人的直接接触而发展的。根据句意可知，此处表示“社交的”，为形容词scial作定语，修饰名词skills，故填scial。
49. The Internet has als made ur lives unbelievably ______, with all srts f gds and services prvided by electrnic cmmerce. (根据句意填空)
【答案】cnvenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：互联网也给我们的生活带来了难以置信的便利，电子商务提供了各种各样的商品和服务。根据句中“with all srts f gds and services prvided by electrnic cmmerce”可推知，电子商务带来巨大“便利”，用形容词cnvenient作宾语补足语，符合语境。故填cnvenient。
50. The ______ Zhang Tian made t the village was great, s he became ppular amng the villagers. (根据句意填空)
【答案】cntributin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：张天对村子的贡献很大，所以他很受村民们的欢迎。根据句意“贡献”和定冠词the可知，此处为名词cntributin，作主语，结合was可知填入单数形式即可。故填cntributin。
51. Even a thirty-minute run will prvide ______ frm aches and tensin that yu may be suffering due t stress. (根据句意填空)
【答案】relief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：即使是30分钟的跑步也能缓解你可能因压力而遭受的疼痛和紧张。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，根据下文“frm aches and tensin that yu may be suffering due t stress(因压力而遭受的疼痛和紧张)”可推理出空白处填表示“缓解”含义的名词relief，故填relief。
第二节(20分)
52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正在举行题为“Celebratins and I”征文活动。请你写一篇文章，介绍一个你难忘的庆祝活动，内容包括你的经历和感受。
习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数 100左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Celebratins and I
There are many memrable things in my life. The mst unfrgettable thing happened n my birthday.
Befre the birthday, I invited my best friend t cme t my party. She was happy t prmise that she wuld cme. Hwever, the tw f us had a cnflict ver smething. I thught she wuld nt cme t celebrate my birthday. Surprisingly, she shwed up and aplgized t me. We tw made up again.
She gave me a dll which I lnged fr a lng time. We talked and played games, which made me s happy. I understand what is real friendship.
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生以题为“Celebratins and I”写一篇文章，介绍一个你难忘庆祝活动，内容包括你的经历和感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发生：happen→take place
出现：shw up→appear
道歉：aplgize→make an aplgy
渴望：lng fr→be eager fr
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hwever, the tw f us had a cnflict ver smething.
拓展句：Hwever, the tw f us had a cnflict ver smething, which was s severe that I thugh she wuld nt frgive me.
【点睛】【高分句型1】She was happy t prmise that she wuld cme. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】She gave me a dll which I lnged fr a lng time.(运用了which引导的限制性定语从句)
考生须知
1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。