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初高中500英语句型详解(完整精华版)学案
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这是一份初高中500英语句型详解(完整精华版)学案,共426页。学案主要包含了疑问句型,假设法句型,比较句型,含不定词句型,含分词之句型,含助动词之句型,含代名词之句型,否定句型等内容,欢迎下载使用。
二、假设法句型(39-72)
三、比较句型(73-134)
四、含不定词句型(135-167)
五、含分词之句型(168-219)
六、含助动词之句型(220-247)
七、含代名词之句型(248-266)
含关系词之句型 ..(267-296)
九、否定句型(297-411)
一、疑问句型
1.What is this?
结构︰问句:What+be 动词+this(that…)?
答句:This(that…)+be 动词+a bk(pen…)。
说明︰此句型意为“这(那)是什么?这(那)是书(钢笔…)”。what(什么)叫做“疑问词”,用于询问“事物”,通常放在句首,后接 be ,再接,第一个字母 w要大写,句尾要加问号(?),位置不可排错。
What is this? This is a chair. 这是什么?这是一张椅子。
What’s this? It’s a bk. 这是什么?它是一本书。
What is that? That is a desk. 那是什么?那是一张书桌。
2.What are these?
结构︰问句:What are+these/thse…?
答句:These/Thse are+复数名词(+s/es)。
说明︰与的形式要一致,is 后面接单数,are 后面要接复数。
What are these? These are bks. 这些是什么?这些是书。
What are thse? Thse are cups. 那些是什么?那些是茶杯。
What are they? They are glasses. 它们是什么?它们是玻璃杯。
3.What are yu?
结构︰问句:What+be 动词+主词(人)…?
答句:主词+be 动词+a student…。
说明︰此句型意为“你是做什么事情的?我是学生…”。疑问词 what 除了询问事物之外,还可用于询问“人的职业或身分”。be 随的变化而改变形态,如:I am,we are,yu are,he is…。
What are yu? I am a student. 你是做什么事情的?我是一名学生。
What is she? She is a teacher. 她是做什么事情的?她是一名教师。
4.Are yu a
结构︰问句:Be 动词(am,are,is)+主词+…?
肯定简答:Yes,主词+am(are,is)。
否定简答:N,主词+am(are,is)nt。
说明︰在否定中,和 am,is,are 可以缩写;在肯定中则不可。
Is he a student? Yes, he is. (N, he isn’t.) 他是学生吗?是的,他是。(不,他不是。)
Are yu a teacher? Yes, I am. (N, I’m nt.) 你是教师吗?是的,我是。(不,我不是。)
Is that a clck? Yes, it is. (N, it isn’t.) 那是钟表吗?是的,它是。(不,它不是。)
5.What is yur name?
结构︰问句:What+is+所有格+name?
答句:所有格+name+is+名字。
说明︰“my,yur,his,her”为单数人称的;后面必接,即“+”;不可与 a,an,this,that,these 或 thse 紧接一起使用。
What is yur name? My name is Sue. 妳叫什么名字?我的名字叫苏。
What is his name? His name is Jhn. 他叫什么名字?他的名字叫约翰。
What is her name? Her name is Jean. 她叫什么名字?她的名字叫珍。
6.Wh is that
结构︰问句:Wh+be 动词+that+形容词+名词?
答句:That is+名字。
说明︰Wh 是,询问人的“姓名”或“关系”;将直接放在前面,叫做“前位修饰”。
Wh is that shrt by? That is Bill. 那位矮男孩是谁?那位是比尔。
Wh is that tall girl? That is Mary. 那位高女孩是谁?那位是玛丽。
Wh is that fat man? He is my uncle. 那位胖男子是谁?那位是我叔叔。
7.Where is
结构︰问句:Where+be 动词(am,are,is)+主词…?
答句:主词+be 动词+in the+名词…。
说明︰问句是“Where ”,简答时可用“In/On the+”。
Where is Sue? She is in her rm. 苏在那里?她在她的房间里。
Where are yur bks? On the desk. 你的书在那里?在书桌上。
Where is yur mther? She is in the kitchen. 你妈吗在哪里?她在厨房里。
Are yu V-ing
结构︰Am(Are,Is)+主词+现在分词…?
说明︰此句型意为“(人,物)正在…吗?”。这一转换的三要素是:be 移到句首;改为大写;句尾用问号。
Is Mary sleeping? 玛丽正在睡觉吗?
Are yu reading a bk? 你正在看书吗?
Is the dg playing? 小狗正在玩耍吗?
9.What are yu ding?
结构︰问句:What+am(are,is)+主词+现在分词?
答句:主词+am(are,is)+现在分词…。
说明︰“(人)正在做什么?(人)正在…”。注意:的动词只能用原形,不可造;表示“瞬间产生”的动作的,如 sit dwn,stand up,不可造。
What am I ding? Yu are reading a bk. 我正在做什么? 你正在阅读一本书。
What are the girls ding? They are singing. 姑娘们正在做什么? 她们在唱歌。
What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter. 比尔在写什么? 他在写一封信。
10.Hw ld are yu?
结构︰问句:Hw ld+be 动词+主词(某人)?
答句:主词(某人)+be 动词+year(s) ld。
说明︰此句型意为“某人几岁?某人是…岁”。该句型中,要用 hw,不可用 what;且 be (am,is,are)要和后面的(某人)配合;答句中的“year(s) ld”可以省略。
Hw ld are yu? I am twelve (years ld). 你几岁?我十二岁。
Hw ld is yur sister? She is thirteen years ld. 你的姊妹几岁?她十三岁。
Hw ld is Jhn? He is ne year ld. 约翰几岁?他一岁。
11.What time is it?
结构︰问句:What time is it?
答句:It is+数字+’clck。
说明︰此句型意为“现在是几点钟?现在是…点钟”。问句中 what 当,修饰后面的 time;time 当时间解时,只能用单数,不可用复数。
What time is it? It is ten ’clck. 现在是几点钟?现在是十点钟。
What time is it? It is six ’clck. 现在是几点钟?现在是六点钟。
What time is it? It is nine ’clck. 现在是几点钟?现在是九点钟。
12.D yu + V
结构︰问句:D/Des+主词+原形动词…?
肯定简答:Yes,主词+d/des。
否定简答:N,主词+dn’t/desn’t。
说明︰肯定句中,如有一般(speak,wrk,teach…),则在句首加 d 或 des,并将一般改为原形(不加s或es),即构成。
D yu speak English? Yes, I d. (N, I dn’t.) 你讲英语吗?是的,我讲英语。(不,我不讲英语。)
Des she have a cat? Yes, she des. (N, she desn’t.)
她有一只猫吗?是的,她有一只猫。(不,她没有一只猫。)
D they wrk in ffice? Yes, they d. (N, they dn’t.)
他们在办公室里工作吗?是的,他们在办公室里工作。(不,他们不在办公室里工作。)
13.What time d yu + V
结构︰问句:What time+d/des+主词+原形动词…?
答句:主词(某人)+一般动词…+时间。
说明︰此句型意为“某人几点做某事?” d 或 des 的选择依而定,若为第三人称单数,用 des;其它用 d。
What time d yu get up? I usually get up at six. 你几点起床?我通常六点起床。
What time des he g t bed? He usually ges t bed at ten.他几点就寝?他通常十点就寝。
What time des yur class begin? It begins at eight-ten. 你的课几点开始?八点十分开始。
14.What day is tday?
结构︰问句:What day is tday?
答句:It’s+Sunday/Mnday/…。
说明︰此句型意为“今天是星期几?今天是星期日/星期一/…。”it 可用于指“星期的名称”,但 this或 that 不可以;一星期七天的名称,都是,开头的首字母要大写,前面不加。
What day is tday? It’s Sunday. 今天是星期几?今天是星期日。
What day is tday? It’s Wednesday. 今天是星期几?今天是星期三。
What day is tday? It’s Saturday. 今天是星期几?今天是星期六。
15.Hw many N are there ...
结构︰问句:Hw many+复数名词+are there in/n+名词?
答句:There is/are+单数(复数)名词+in/n+名词。
说明︰此句型意为“在某处有多少…?在某处有…。”该句型中,many 修饰复数;又因本句型是 ,故用 are there,不可用 there are。
Hw many seasns are there in a year? There are fur seasns in a year.
一年有几个季节? 一年有四季。
Hw many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.
一星期有几天? 一星期有七天。
Hw many lessns are there in this bk? There are twelve lessns in this bk.
这本书里有几课? 这本书里有十二课。
16.Hw many ... d yu have?
结构︰问句:Hw many+复数名词+d/des+主词+have?
答句:主词+have/has…+复数名词+…。
答句:主词+dn’t/desn’t have…+复数名词…。
说明︰“Hw many”后面接复数,复数的前面可用 many,a lt f,a few,sme,few,any,n 等修饰。
Hw many bks d yu have? I have a lt f bks. (I dn’t have any bks.)
你有几本书? 我有许多书。(我没有书。)
Hw many sweaters d yu have? I have three sweaters. (I dn’t have any sweaters.)
你有几件毛衣? 我有三件毛衣。(我没有毛衣。)
Hw many friends des she have? She has a lt f friends. (She desn’t have many friends.)
她有几个朋友? 她有许多朋友。(她没有许多朋友。)
17.Hw much ... d yu have?
结构︰问句:Hw much+单数不可数名词+d/des+主词+have?
答句:主词+have/has…+单数不可数名词。
答句:主词+dn’t/desn’t have…+单数不可数名词。
说明︰“Hw much”后面接单数,单数前面可用 much, a little,sme,little,any,n 等修饰。
Hw much tea des he have? He has a lt f tea. (He desn’t have any tea.)
他有多少茶? 他有很多茶。(他没有茶。)
Hw much hmewrk d they have? They have a lt f hmewrk. (They dn’t have much hmewrk.) 他们有多少家庭作业? 他们有许多家庭作业。(他们没有许多家庭作业。)
Hw much fruit d they have? They have a lt f fruit. (They dn’t have a lt f fruit.)
他们有多少水果? 他们有许多水果。(他们没有许多水果。)
18.Hw much d(es) ... cst?
结构︰Hw much d(es)+某物+cst…?
说明︰此句型意为“某物值多少钱?”。hw much 用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作:“Hw much+ be +某物?"。
Hw much des this cmputer cst? (=Hw much is this cmputer?)这部计算机值多少钱?
Hw much d the vegetables cst? 这些蔬菜值多少钱?
Hw much d the mvie tickets cst? 这些电影票值多少钱?
19.Did ... V ...
结构︰Did+主词+原形动词+…过去时间?
说明︰将肯定句中的过去式改为“Did+原形”,并将 Did 放在句首,句尾用问号,即构成过去式的。
Did he clean the rm yesterday? 他昨天打扫房间吗?
Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗这裙子吗?
Did yur brther play in the park this mrning? 你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗?
Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午饭吗?
Did yu see any elephants in the z last week? 上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗?
Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗?
20.D yu ever + V
结构︰问句:D/Des+主词+ever+原形动词…?
答句:N,主词+never+一般动词(加s或es)…。
说明︰ever 通常用于,never 通常用于否定回答;never 也可放在句首,后接原形 ,形成否定,如例句4。
D yu ever use a cmputer? N, I never use a cmputer.
你曾经使用计算机吗?不,我未曾使用过计算机。
Des Tm ever get up late? N, Tm never gets up late.
汤姆曾经晚起床吗?不,汤姆未曾晚起床过。
Des Sally ever play the pian? N, Sally never plays the pian.
萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗?不,萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。
Never be late fr schl, Bill. 比尔,上学绝不可迟到。
21.What year was he brn in?
结构︰What date/year+was/were+主词+brn+n/in?
说明︰此句型意为“你出生于几月几日(那一年)?”。brn 是 bear 的过去,在文法上当 ,前面常有 was 或 were;中文说“某人出生”,英语应说:“某人+was/were brn…”。
What year were yu brn in? 你出生于那一年?
What date was yur mther brn n? 你母亲出生于几月几日?
What mnth was yur sister brn in? 你妹妹出生于几月?
22.What will yu d n
结构︰What will/did+主词+d+n+时间?
说明︰此句型意为“某人在某时间将做什么?(未来式)某人在某时做了什么事?(过去式)”。指特定的日期(如几月几日)、星期几或星期几的早上(下午,晚上),要用介系词n。
What will yu d n Teacher’s Day? 你在教师节将做什么事?
What will they d n Christmas Eve? 他们在圣诞夜将做什么事?
What will Helen d n her birthday? 海伦在她生日那天将做什么事?
What did Jhn d n New Year’s Day? 约翰在元旦做了什么事?
What did Mary d n Yuth Day? 玛丽在青年节做了什么事?
What did the suspect d n July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情?
22.Hw d yu + V
结构︰问句:Hw+d+主词+一般动词…?
答句:主词+一般动词…+情状副词。
说明︰Hw 是问情况的,表示“怎样…?”。用于说明“状态或性质”的副词,称为 。当用来修饰时,位于其后;当用来修饰时,位于的前面或后面。
Hw did yu d yur wrk? I did my wrk happily.
你怎样做你的工作? 我很快乐地做了我的工作。
Hw did Mrs. Lin lk at Mr. Lin? She lked at Mr. Lin cldly.
林太太怎样注视林先生? 她冷漠地注视林先生。
Hw des Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.
王先生怎样驾驶他的出租车? 他小心地驾驶他的出租车。
23.Yu are ..., aren’t yu?
结构︰肯定句,+否定式助动词+主词?
说明︰这是一种反意,其结构特点是:第一部分是肯定式,第二部分就用否定式。直述句的是时,附加问句的要用代替:it 代替 this, that,(当)或(当)等;they 代替 these,thse, peple 等。下列的否定缩写式较易弄错:will nt->wn’t;wuld nt-> wuldn’t;shuld nt->shuldn’t;can nt->can’t;culd nt->culdn’t; might nt->mightn’t;ught nt->ughtn’t。直述句有一般现在式,则附加问句用 d 或 des 代替;有一般过去式,则附加问句用 did 代替。
They’re ready, aren’t they?(读降调)他们准备好了吧?(读升调)他们准备好了,不是吗?
Mike has a car, desn’t he?(读降调)麦克有辆车,是吧?(读升调)麦克有辆车,不是吗?
The secretary typed the letter, didn’t she? 是秘书打了这封信,不是吗?
They will g t Eurpe, wn’t they? 他们将去欧洲,不是吗?
Yu are the teacher, aren’t yu? 你就是老师,不是吗?
I suppse yu have been in ur wds, haven’t yu?我推想你在我们的森林里呆过,不是吗?
I knw he had a gd time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快,不是吗?
The wall plug is brken, isn’t it? 墙上的插座坏了,不是吗?
Clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 干净的公园是美丽的,不是吗?
Yu can d it, can’t yu? 你会做它,不是吗?
We shuld rise early, shuldn’t we? 我们应该早起,不是吗?
24.He isn’t ..., is he?
结构︰否定句,+肯定式助动词+主词?
说明︰这是另一种反意。否定结构在第一部分,第二部分就要用肯定结构。对反意的回答和对否定式一般一样,要看答句。
He isn’t a manager, is he? -- Yes, he is. (N, he isn’t.)
他不是经理,是吧?--不,他是经理。(是的,他不是经理。)
Mike desn’t have a car, des he? 麦克没有车,是吗?
The secretary didn’t type the letter, did she? 秘书没有打过这封信,是吗?
They wn’t g t Eurpe, will they? 他们不会去欧洲,是吗?
Yu aren’t the teacher, are yu? 你不是老师,是吗?
I dn’t think he can answer the questin, can he? 我想他无法回答这个问题,是吗?
What in the wrld
结构︰疑问词+in the wrld/n earth/ever+其他
说明︰此句型意为“究竟…?到底…?”。这是特殊的强调说法。in the wrld,n earth 和 ever是强调疑问词的。
Hw in the wrld will he d it? 他到底将如何做这件事?
What in the wrld d yu mean? 你的意思究竟是什么?
Hw n earth did yu knw it? 你到底是怎么知道的?
Wh n earth tld yu that? 那件事究竟是谁告诉你的?
Where ever did yu lse it? 你到底在哪儿丢的呀?
What in the wrld are they hping fr? 他们到底想要什么?
25.Are yu ... r
结构︰一般疑问句(读升调)+r+一般疑问句(读降调)
说明︰此句型意为“是…还是…?"。这是选择,前面都是一般,后面的问句如与前面有相同的部分,都可以省略。
Shall we cme t see yu r will yu cme t see us?
是我们来找你们,还是你们来找我们?
Are yu frm the America r frm the England? 您是美国人还是英国人?
Will he g n Mnday r n Tuesday? 他是星期一走还是星期二走?
Wuld yu like cffee r tea? 你是要咖啡还是茶?
26.What ..., + A r B?
结构︰特殊疑问句(读降调),+A(读升调)r B(读降调)
说明︰这种选择使用得相当广泛,其特点是:前面的特殊已经明确地指出了要问的内容,再补充几项具体事物让对方做出肯定的答复。其语调是“降-升-降”调。
What wuld yu like - cffee r tea? 你要什么?咖啡还是茶?
Which wuld yu rather t buy - silk r cttn? 您想买什么?丝还是棉?
Where did yu g: t Tianjin r t Beijing? 您去了哪里?天津还是北京?
When will yu g t the Fair, tmrrw r sme ther day?
你何时去交易会?明天还是另找哪一天?
... what/which ...
结构︰主要子句+疑问词(what/hw/which/why 等)+子句
说明︰这是间接。疑问词后面的语句采用正常词序,不采用特殊所用的倒装词序。全句末尾大多用句点,但也有用问号的。直接问句改为间接问句或间接句时,原先的要改为肯定句或的顺序;如 will,shuld,wuld, must,may,can 等,须照抄,不可去掉;如 d,des,did,必须去掉,再将它后面的原形改为适当的形式。
I’d like t knw hw ld the manager is. 我想知道经理有多大年纪。
He inquired hw it was dne. 他问这事做得怎么样了。
Please advise me which item I shuld buy. 请问我该先买哪个品种。
Tell me why it is s imprtant? 告诉我为什么此事这么重要?
They d nt knw what the wrds mean. 他们不知道这些字的意思是什么。
Tell me what happened yesterday. 告诉我昨天所发生的事。
What they talked abut is what we want t knw. 他们谈论什么是我们所想要知道的事。
She washed her hair every night and measured hw much it grew in a week.
她每晚洗头发,而且量量看一星期长多少。
Yu will never knw hw much yur encuragement meant t me.
你决不会知道你的鼓励对我多么有意义。
... whether / if ...
结构︰主要子句+whether/if+子句
说明︰此句型意为“…是否…”。口语中使用 if 较为普遍。如果子句中带有 r nt 等词,则只能用 whether;另外,whether 不能引导否定的间接,而 if 则可以。
He asked me the questin whether the price was t high. 他问我价格是否太高。
They asked him whether the quality is fine r nt. 他们问他质量是否好。
Tell me whether yu like this clr. 告诉我你喜不喜欢这种颜色。
Tell me if it desn’t rain. 告诉我是否下不了雨。
Ask him if it is true. 问他那是不是真的。
I wnder if he is in the schl. 我想知道他是否在学校。
D yu knw if/where ...
结构︰一般疑问句+疑问词(what/where/when 等)+子句
说明︰此句为双重。疑问词后面采用正常词序,不用倒装词序。
Can yu tell me where the teacher has gne? 你能告诉我老师到哪里去了吗?
Have yu any idea where he cmes frm? 他是哪里人,您知道不知道?
D yu knw if they like this new item? 你知道他们是否喜欢这个新品种?
D yu knw wh wants t g with me? 你知道谁想跟我一起去吗?
D yu knw when the train will leave? 你知道火车何时开吗?
Can yu tell me hw much yu earn a mnth? 你能告诉我你一个月赚多少吗?
He is ..., is he?
结构︰肯定式陈述句+肯定式反问句
说明︰这种疑问的前后一致,都是肯定式结构。后一部分进一步强调前一部分的内容,是不需要回答的一种修辞方式。
We are ld friends, nt strangers, right? 我们是老朋友了,不是陌生人,是吗?
He’s a capable businessman, is he? 他是一位很有能力的业务员,可不是吗?
S yu cme imprting Chinese textiles, d yu? 原来你是来进口中国纺织品的,是么?
S yu’ve been t Shanghai, have yu? 原来你去过上海,是吧?
... what
结构︰…疑问词(在句中任何位置上)…
说明︰疑问词不是位于句子开头,而是在句子中任何位置上,这种方法十分简单,因此在口语中经常出现。
Tw times what number makes ten? 什么数的两倍是十?
Yu will g where? 你要到哪里去?
Yu are twenty-what this year? 你今年二十几岁?
He’s yur wh? 他是你什么人?
What/Hw abut + N/V-ing?
结构︰What/Hw abut+名词/动名词?
说明︰此句型意为“…如何?”。这是征求对方意见或提议的委婉说法。
What abut the name Smith? 史密斯这个名字怎么样?
What abut ging t a mvie? 去看场电影如何?
What abut lending me sme mney? 借点钱给我如何?
What abut washing the car n Sunday? 礼拜天洗车怎么样?
Hw abut the thers? 剩余的怎么样?
Hw abut a drink? 来一杯吧?
Hw abut a cup f cffee at a nearby cffee shp? 去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧?
What if
结构︰What if+主词+动词
说明︰此句型意为“如果…的话怎么办呢?”。但经常用于反语,有时也变成“即使…也没关系”之意。
What if it is true? 如果这是真的又该如何呢?
What if he desn’t agree? 如果他不同意该怎么办呢?
What if he cmes back nw? 如果他现在回来怎么办?
What if the by’s parents shuld die? 如果那男孩的父母死了该怎么办呢?
What if I fail! 即使我失败了又怎样!
What ... fr?
结构︰What+助动词+主词+动词…+fr?
说明︰此句型意为“为什么…?”。相当于“Fr what…?”
What are yu running fr? 你为什么在跑步?
What d yu want it fr? 你为什么要那个?
What did they g there fr? 他们为什么去那里?
Hw else
结构︰Hw else+助动词+主词+助动词?
说明︰此句型意为“…还有别的方法吗?”。
Hw else shuld a father in this mdern wrld express his affectin and cncern fr his wn sn? 现代这个世界上,父亲还应该有别的方法来对自己的儿子表示爱护和关心吗?
Hw else can the dctr save him? 医院还有别的方法可以救他吗?
Hw else can I aplgize fr her? 我还能有别的方法可以向她道歉吗?
二、假设法句型
If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...
结构︰If+现在式…,S+未来式…
说明︰if 子句用现在式,表示须具备的条件,主句用未来式表示可能的结果,整句含意为“如果…,那么…”。will 用于所有的人称,在 I 和 we 之后可用 shall 代替 will。若主句的主词为 I 或 we 时,可以用 shall 代替 will。像 if necessary(如果需要),if pssible(如果可能),if s(如果这样)等固定词组实际上是省略了的 if 子句。
If I lse my jb, I will/shall g abrad. 如果我失业了,我就出国。
If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我头痛,我就服一片阿斯匹林。
If it rains, we will stay at hme. 如果下雨,我们将待在家里。
If the weather clears, we’ll g fr a walk. 如果天晴,我们就去散步。
If the weather desn’t clear, we wn’t g fr a walk. 如果天不晴,我们就不去散步。
Inflatin may be rising, if (it is) s, prices will g up.
通货膨胀率可能上升。如果是这样,物价就会上涨。
If pssible, She wants t g with us. 可能的话,她想跟我们一起去。
Sterling may fall, if (this shuld be) s, interest rates will rise.
英国货币可能贬值,如果果真如此,利率就会上升。
If + Present Tense ..., S + Mdal Verb ...
结构︰If + 现在式,主词+情态助动词
说明︰本句型实为句型之变体。之所以用情态助动词,主要是因为说话者对可能的结果不是太肯定或者是想表达例如必要的意思。
If it is fine tmrrw, we can g ut. 如果明天天气好,我门可以出门。
If it is fine tmrrw, we culd g ut. 如果明天天气好,我门能够出门。
If it is fine tmrrw, we may g ut. 如果明天天气好,我门可能出门。
If it is fine tmrrw, we might g ut. 如果明天天气好,我门可能出门。
If it is fine tmrrw, we shuld g ut. 如果明天天气好,我门宜于出门。
If it is fine tmrrw, we ught t g ut. 如果明天天气好,我门宜于出门。
If it is fine tmrrw, we must g ut. 如果明天天气好,我门必须出门。
If I shuld ..., Imperative Sentence.
结构︰If I+shuld ...+祈使语气
说明︰代替,增加了条件的不确定性。本句型常用在想礼貌地提出要求或建议,或者想圆通地告诉他人该做什么事的场合。用 shuld 起始句子即可不用 if 而表示条件。这种用法比较正式,常用于诸如公函之中,而不用于日常会话。
If yu shuld see him, please give him my regards. 如果你见到他,请代我向他致意。
Shuld yu see him, please give him my regards. 如果你见到他,请代我向他致意。
If yu shuld happen t see him, please give him my regards.
如果你万一见到他,请代我向他致意。
Shuld yu happen t see him, please give him my regards.
如果你万一见到他,请代我向他致意。
If yu shuld write t her, send her my lve. 如果你给她写信,请代我向她问候。
Shuld yu nt wish ur agent t call, please let us knw.
你若不希望我们的代理人去造访,请告之。
Shuld yu be interested in ur ffer, please cntact us.
你若对我们的报价感兴趣,请与我们联系。
If I shuld ..., I will ...
结构︰If…shuld…,…wuld(will)/shuld(shall)等+原形动词
说明︰这是表示与未来事实相反的假设,if 要用 shuld,译成“万一”。shuld可置于前,将 if 省略。的则视可能性做变化:若可能性低,则为过去式,若可能性高,则为现在式。shuld 可以提前,而将 if 省略。
If he shuld cme, I wuld tell him the truth. 万一他来,我会把真相告诉他。
If he shuld cme, I will tell him the truth. 万一他来,我一定会把真相告诉他。
Shuld the by cme again, I wuld thrw him ut. 要是那男孩在来,我就把他撵出去。
If it shuld rain, ur plan wuld be spiled. 万一下雨,我们的计划就泡汤了。
Shuld that be true, the cntract wuld be canceled. 假如那是真的,合约就该取消。
Shuld anther wrld war break ut, what wuld becme f human beings?
万一另一次世界大战爆发,人类将会发生什么事?
If I were t ..., I ...
结构︰If…were t…,…wuld/shuld 等+原形动词
说明︰这也是表示与未来状况相反的假设,与“if ... shuld, ...”大致相同,但“if ... were t”所表示的可能性更低,通常用以表示“与真理相反”的。
If the sun were t rise in the west, he wuld pass the exam.
要是太阳从西边出来,他就会通过考试--他不可能通过考试。
If I were t be brn again, I wuld like t be a bird. 我要是再活一次,我想当一只鸟。
If the sun were t disappear, what wuld the earth be like?
万一太阳消失了,地球会变成什么样子?
Were I t die tmrrw, what wuld my children d?
万一明天我死了,我的孩子们将怎么办呢?
If I + V-ed, I wuld ...
结构︰If…+过去式动词…,主词+过去式助动词(wuld/shuld 等)+原形动词
说明︰这是与现在事实相反的假设句型。if 中的,不论为第几人称,一律用 were,were 可置于主词前面,而省略 if。过去式除用 shuld(用于第一人称)、 wuld(用于第二、三人称)外,还可用不分人称的 culd,might 和 ught t,它们与原形结合起来构成。
If I knew his address, I culd write t him. 如果我知道他的住址,我会写信给他。
If I were free nw, I might call n him. 如果我有时间,我可能会去看他。
If yu were in my shes (=Were yu in my shes), what wuld yu d?
如果你站在我的立场,你会怎么做?
Were I rich enugh, I wuld buy a sprts car. 如果我有足够的钱,我就买一辆赛车了。
Hw happy I wuld be if I were a few inches taller! 要是我再高几寸,我会好高兴。
If I had a car, I culd take her fr a drive. 如果我有车, 我就带她去兜风了。
If I had binculars, I culd see that cmet clearly. 如果我有望远镜,我就可以清楚地看见那颗彗星。
It is time that ...
结构︰It is(high)time+(that)+主词+过去式动词
说明︰此句型意为“已经到了…的时间了”。过去式处有时亦使用“shuld+原形”。that 也能用 t 来表示。
It is time he went t bed. 该是他睡觉的时间了。
It is time that yu left fr the duty. 该你当班了。
It is time that yu reflected upn yur mistakes. 该是你反省思过的时候了。
It is high time he shuld cme t ur huse fr dinner.已经到了他该上咱家吃晚饭的时候了。
It is time fr smebdy t teach yu t behave yurself. 该是有人教你应对进退之礼仪的时候了。
If I had V-ed, I wuld have ...
结构︰If…had+过去分词…,主词+wuld/shuld 等+have+过去分词
说明︰这是与过去事实相反的假设。if 要用,则要用过去式(wuld,shuld,ught t,might,culd)+have+过去。if 中的 had可置于前面,而省略 If。
If I had seen him, I wuld have tld him the truth. 如果我当时看见他,我会告诉他实情。
I culd have finished the task if I had had mre time.
如果当时我能有多一点时间,我就能完成这项任务。
If we had knwn f yur departure, we wuld have seen yu ff at the airprt.
如果我们事先知道你要离开,我们会到机场送行。
I smene had been with him, he might nt have been drwned.
如果有人在他旁边,或许他就不会溺死。
I might have been incredulus had I nt been accustmed t such respnses.
若非我已经习惯了这样的回答,我可能不敢轻易相信。
Had he nt aplgize t her, she wuld nt have frgiven him.
她(那时)不会原谅他,若非他道了歉。
Had he nt saved me, I might have been drwned. 我可能溺死了,若非他救了我。
Had I prpsed t yu, wuld yu have married me?
我要是当年向你求婚,你会答应嫁给我吗?
Had yu nt helped us, we shuld have canceled this transactin.
假如没有你的帮助,这笔生意早就告吹了。
If I had V-ed, I wuld ...
结构︰If…had+过去分词…,主词+wuld/shuld 等+原形动词+nw/tday
说明︰这是不一致时的假设,亦称混合假设条件句。即:if 若与过去事实相反,用表示;而若与现在事实相反,则用过去式表示。此类句尾通常有表现在的,如 nw,tday 等。
If he had wrked harder when yung, he wuld be well ff nw.
如果他年轻时多努力一点,现在就能过得舒服些。
If I had been rich ten years ag, I culd buy that huse tday.
如果十年前我有钱,今天我就能买下那栋房子了。
Had he tld the truth, he wuldn’t be punished nw.如果他当时肯说实话,现在就不会受罪了。
Had he fllwed the dctr’s advice, he might be alive nw.
当时他要是听了医生的建议,现在可能还活着。
I wish ... + V-ed ...
结构︰I wish+(that)+主词+动词过去式/过去完成式(had+过去分词)…
说明︰I wish 之后以 that 为时,该的一定要用:若用过去式,表示与现在事实相反的愿望;若用,则表示与过去事实相反的愿望。“I wish+that-”的也可用“I wuld rather+that-”取代。而 I hpe 之后以 that 做时,该用一般。
I wish there were meadws and lambs. 但愿有草地与小羊。
I wish I were as tall as yu. 但愿我像你一样高。
I wish he culd tell us. 但愿他能告诉我们。
I wish (=I wuld rather) he culd cme tmrrw. 但愿他明天能来。
I wish yu had nt been caught in the rain yesterday. 但愿昨天你们没有淋到雨。
I wish yu had nt tld the truth. 但愿你没有说实话。
I wish I had knwn yu ten years ag. 真希望十年前就已经认识你。
If nly + V-ed
结构︰If nly+过去式/过去完成式
说明︰此句型意为“要是…就好了。”用过去式,表示与现在事实相反;若用,则表示与过去事实相反。
If nly I had a rich father. 要是我有个有钱的爸爸就好了。
If nly he had been here. 要是他当时在这儿就好了。
If nly I had anther chance. 要是我再有一次机会就好了。
... as if/as thugh ...
结构︰…as if/as thugh…现在式/过去式/过去完成式
说明︰此句型意为“彷佛…;好像…一样”。as if,as thugh 是,引导。中,可用现在式,以表示事实;也可用过去式或,分别表示与现在或过去事实相反的。
He speaks like that as if he desn’t want t attend the meeting.他那样说话,似乎不想参加会议。
He walks as if he is drunk. 他走起路来好像他真的醉了。
He felt as if he almst wished t kill them. 他感觉彷佛几乎要杀掉他们。
The baby pened the bk as if he were able t read. 这个婴儿打开书本彷佛他会念书。
The nurse attends n the patient as if he were her father. 这护士照顾这位病人彷佛在照顾她爸爸似的。
He ran int the rm as if he had seen smething terrible. 他跑进屋子,彷佛他看到什么可怕的东西。
She lks as if nthing had happened t her. 她当时看起来好像什么事都没发生似的。
It seems/lks as if ...
结构︰It seems/lks as if…
说明︰此句型意为“似乎…”。本句型中的 as if 可用以表示事实,或。
It lks as if it is ging t rain. 好像要下雨了。
It seems as if he knws everything. 他似乎是个万事通。
It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be.
他似乎是个万事通。其实他是再愚蠢不过了。
It lks as if she had just cme back frm uter space. 她看起来彷佛刚从外层空间回来似的。
It seemed as if he had finished the wrk. 他似乎已经完成了这个工作。
It seemed as if he wuld never finish the wrk. 他似乎永远完成不了这个工作。
If it were nt fr ...
结构︰if it were nt fr+名词/子句,主词+wuld/shuld 等+原形动词…
说明︰此句型意为“若非(有)…”。此类句构专门用于表示与现在事实相反的。亦可用“but fr+”或“withut+”代替。were 可以提前,省略 if,如例句3。
If it were nt fr his presence, I wuld punish yu. 要不是他在场,我会处罚你的。
But fr yur advice, I shuld have failed. 要不是你的忠告,我会失败的。
But fr music (=Were it nt fr music), life wuld be dull. 要不是音乐,人生会很无聊。
If it were nt fr xygen and nitrgen in the air, n man culd live n the earth.
大气中如果没有氧和氮,人就无法生存于地球了。
Withut air, all living things wuld die. 若非空气,所有的生物都会死亡。
Withut newspaper, we wuld get behind the times. 要不是报纸,我们都赶不上时代了。
I shuld be lnely, were it nt fr the birds and the flwers. 我会寂寞,若非有鸟也有花。
Were it nt fr his help, I culd nt finish the wrk.若非有他的帮助,我就不能完成这件工作。
Were it nt fr science, we culd nt live a cmfrtable live.
若非科学,我们无法过着舒适的生活。
If it had nt been fr ...
结构︰if it had nt been fr+名词/子句,主词+wuld/shuld 等+原形动词…
说明︰此句型意为“若非(有)…”。此类句构专门用于表示与过去事实相反的。
If it had nt been fr his help, I shuld have failed. 如果没有他的帮忙,我应该已经失败。
Had it nt been fr yur timely help, ur cmpany wuld have been n the verge f bankruptcy.
若非你及时伸出援助之手,本公司将会濒临破产的边缘。
If it had nt been fr these experiments, the imprvement f the machine wuld have been impssible.
要不是这些实验,这部机器也许就不可能改良了。
Had it nt been fr the kind guide, I might have gt lst in the muntains.
要不是这位好心的向导,我可能就在山中迷路了。
If it had nt been that he was here, I wuld have punished yu. 要不是他在场,我当时就会处罚你。
I demand/insist that ...
结构︰主词1+意志动词(demand/insist 等)+(that)+主词2+(shuld)+原形动词
说明︰意志有四类:建议(suggest,recmmend,prpse,advise,urge 等),要求(desire, ask,demand,require,request,maintain,insist 等),命令(rder,cmmand 等),规定( rule,regulate,stipulate 等)。其后接 that-时,该里的要用原形或“shuld+”。美式英语通常省略 shuld。
The cmmittee mved that the meeting (shuld) be adjurned. 委员提议休会。
His parents demanded that he (shuld) be back by ten. 他的父母要求他十点以前回家。
The emplyees demand that their salaries be raised. 员工们要求加薪。
They ruled that the law (shuld) nt be impsed. 他们规定不应加重法律。
His father rdered that he (shuld) keep a diary in English. 他的父亲规定他要用英文写日记。
My mther encuraged me and insisted that I cntinue my educatin.
我妈妈鼓励我,而且坚持我应该继续我的教育。
He insisted that I (shuld) aplgize t her. 他坚持我应该向她道歉。
Recently, many states have insisted that high schls teach students hw t drive.
最近,许多州坚持中学应该教学生如何开车。
His father insisted that they (shuld) mve t the cuntry. 他爸爸坚持他们应该搬到乡下。
It is prper ... that ...
结构︰It is+意志形容词(imprtant 等)+(that)+主词+(shuld)+原形动词
说明︰意志包括 imprtant,necessary,imperative,essential,urgent,desirable, advisable,recmmendable,prper 等。that-中只能用 shuld,不可用 must,而 shuld 往往予以省略。
It is necessary that he (shuld) srt ut the infrmatin fr my reference. 他有必要整理些资料供我参考。
It is essential that he get up early. 他有必要早起。
It is urgent that fd and clthing (shuld) be sent t the sufferers. 急需将食物和衣服送给灾民。
It is desirable that we (shuld) prvide fr the pr at Christmas. 在圣诞节施舍穷人是可喜的事。
It is imprtant that he be quiet. 他该保持安静是有必要的。
It is imprtant that he nt d it. 他不该做那事是有必要的。
It is requested that all members be present at the party. 全体会员都被要求出席这次晚会。
It is prper that such a bad man be punished severely. 这么坏的人受重罚是应该的。
Imperative Sentence + Cnj. + Main Clause
结构︰祈使句+连接词+主句
说明︰表示须具备的条件,主句表示可能的结果。代替 if 子句进行评说,提出要求,订立协议,提供建议或威胁等。的用法比 if 子句表示的更为紧迫。
Prvide the materials and we’ll d the jb. 提供材料,我们就做这活。
Stp shuting r yu’ll wake up the neighbrs. 不要喊了,否则你会把邻居吵醒的。
Put that dwn r else I’ll smack yu. 把它放下,不然我就揍你。
Be there n time, therwise yu’ll create a bad impressin. 要准时来,否则你会给人一个坏的印象。
Fail t pay and they’ll cut ff the electricity. 你(如果)不付款,他们就要断电。
Stp eating sweets, r yu wn’t get any dinner. 你如果不停止吃糖,你就不要吃饭。
Unless ...
结构︰Unless+子句,主要子句
说明︰此句型意为“除非…”。unless 引导一个否定假设句,相当于 if ... nt ...,有时可以互换使用。总体上看,unless 的语气强于 if ... nt ...,而且有时较为常用,例如在最后通牒中。
Unless yu change yur mind (=If yu dn’t change yu mind), I wn’t be able t help yu.
除非你改变你的想法,否则我不能帮助你。
Unless the management imprves their ffer, there’ll be a strike.
除非资方做出进一步的建议,否则将举行罢工。
I culdn’t have gt t the meeting n time - unless I had caught an earlier train.
我不可能及时赶到会场,除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。
Prvided/Prviding (that)
结构︰Prvided/prvided(that)+子句,S+V ...
说明︰此句型意为“如果…”。Prvided/Prviding (that) 引导假设条件句,其功能相当于 if。
Prvided/Prviding (that) yu clear yur desk by this evening, yu can have tmrrw ff.
如果你到今晚把手头上的工作做完,你明天就可以休息。
As/S lng as ...
结构︰As/S lng as +子句,S+V ...
说明︰此句型意为“如果…,只要…”。As/S lng as引导一个条件假设句,其功能相当于 if。
S (As) lng as yu clear yur desk by this evening, yu can have tmrrw leave.
如果你到今晚把手头上的工作做完,你明天就可以休息。
As lng as yu drive carefully, yu will be very safe. 如果你开车小心,你就会很安全。
Yu may eat anything, s lng as yu dn’t eat t much. 只要不吃得太多,你可以吃任何东西。
As lng as live, I will help yu. 只要我活着,我都会帮助你。
As lng as yu dn’t betray me, I’ll d whatever yu ask me t (d).
只要你不出卖我,要我做什么我都愿意。
We’ll ship the gds at an early time as lng as there is a steamer.只要有船,我们就尽早装货。
Yu will never be gd students s lng as yu gf arund.
如果你们成天游手好闲,就永远也成不了好学生。
Suppse/Suppsing (that) ...
结构︰Suppse/Suppsing (that)+子句,S+V ...
说明︰此句型意为“如果…,假使…”。Suppse/Suppsing (that) 引导假设条件句,其功能相当于 if。
Suppse/Suppsing (that) we miss the train, what shall we d? 如果我们误了火车,我们将怎么办?
What if/Say ...
结构︰What if/Say+子句,S+V ...
说明︰此句型意为“假设…”。What if 和 Say 用来引导一个假设条件句,其义相当于 Let us suppse(让我们假设)。
What if/Say he ges hme befre us and can’t get in? What will he d then?
假设他在我们之前赶到家而又进不去呢?那他怎么办呢?
What if/Say yu were t run ut f mney? What wuld yu d?
假设你的钱用完了呢?你将怎么办呢?
With luck ...
结构︰With luck,+主要子句
说明︰With luck 为含蓄假设条件句(即不用 if 直接引导)。with luck 意为“如果幸运的话,如果运气好的话”。
With luck, we’ll be there by tmrrw.幸运的话,我们明天将到达那儿。(=If we are lucky)
With luck, she will get the jb. 如果幸运的话,她将得到那份工作。(=If she is lucky)
Given time ...
结构︰Given time,+主要子句
说明︰此为含蓄假设条件句(即不用 if 直接引导)。Given time 意为“(如果)给以时间的话”。
Given time, they will prbably agree.给以时间的话,他们可能会同意。(=If they are given time/If we give them time)
T hear him talk, ...
结构︰T hear him talk,+主要子句
说明︰此句型意为“听某人谈话(的口气)…”。从形式上看,T hear him talk 似为不定式词组,但实则为含蓄条件句(即不用 if 直接引导)。T hear him talk 相当于 If yu culd hear him talk。
T hear him talk, yu’d think he was Prime Minister. 听他谈话(那口气),你会以为他是首相呢。
T hear yu talk, I’d think yu were Prime Minister. 听你谈话(那口气),我还以为你是首相呢。
Withut ..., S + V ...
结构︰Withut …,+主要子句
说明︰此句型意为“如果没有…”,是导致主要子句结果发生的必要条件。Withut ... 为含蓄假设条件句,此用法在口语表达中最为常见。withut 意为“(如果)没有…的话”。Withut 既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾,放在句首有强调作用。此外,如果主要子句用否定式,则和 withut 构成双重否定,表示特别强调 withut 之后项为主要子句动作发生之必备条件。
Withut yur help, I culdn’t have dne it.
(如果)没有你的帮助,我是不会做成的。(=If yu hadn’t helped me)
She can’t slve the prblem withut his help.如果)没有他的帮助,她不可能解决这道题。
We can’t live withut air r water.(如果)没有空气或水,我们就无法生存。
Fish cannt live withut water.(如果)没有水,鱼儿就无法生存。
三、比较句型
as/s ... as ...
结构︰as/s+形容词或副词原级+as…
说明︰此句型意为“…和…一样…”。比较两件东西,并表示它们的程度一样。第一个 as 为,第二个 as 则为,引导,修饰第一个 as。在 as…as 中可插入单数,即:“as++a/an++as”。若是复数,可用“as many/few+复数 +as”;若是,则用“as much/little++as”。“as+原级(形、副)+as+原级(形、副)”这形式表示有关同一人(物)的两种不同的性质、状态是一样程度的,译作“既有…且还有…”。
He is as handsme as his brther (is). 他和他哥哥一样英俊。
Judy ges t the mvies as ften as Sara des. 朱迪像莎拉一样时常去看电影。
Old Jhn ges t sleep as easily as a baby des. 老约翰像婴儿一样容易入睡。
The girls are as busy with their wrk as bees. 这些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一样忙着工作。
He is as nice a by as Peter (is). 他和彼得一样都是好男孩。
She has as many friends as Mary (des). 她和玛丽一样有许多朋友。
He has as much mney as Jhn (des). 他和约翰一样有很多钱。
He is as clever as (he is) handsme. 他不但英俊而且聪明。
My teacher is as kind as (she is) intelligent. 我的老师不但善良而且聪慧。
as many/much ...
结构︰as many/much+名词…
说明︰此句型意为“同数(量)的…;一样多”。本旨在用以代替句中前面已提到的相同数字,以避免该数字的重复。
He was tired enugh t make ten errrs in as many (=in ten) pages. 他疲倦得十页中犯了十个错误。
Mike read five bks in as many (=in five) mnths. 麦克在五个月内看了五本书。
I didn’t expect that he shuld have cmmitted three rbberies in as many days.
没想到(老实的)他居然在三天内犯了三次抢劫罪。
as many/much as ...
结构︰as many/much as+数字+复数名词/不可数名词
说明︰此句型意为“多达…”。不要与“as many/much+”(同数量的…)混淆。同理,此类还有:as lng as+数字+(长达…),as wide as+数字+(宽达…), as high as+数字+(高达…),as early as+数字+(早在…),as late as+数字+(迟在…)等。
She has as many as seven sisters. 她的姊妹有七人之多。
As many as 100 peple were killed in the air crash. 这次空难中多达一百人丧生。
I gave the beggar as much as 1,000 yen. 我给了这乞丐整整一千元。
Building csts ran up t as much as NT$ 20 millin. 建筑费用涨到高达新台币两千万。
I have been learning English (fr) as lng as 15 years. 我学英文已有十五年之久。
He came hme as late as tw in the mrning. 他迟至清晨两点才回家。
I saw yur brther as late as last week. 上个礼拜我还看到你哥哥。
The river is as wide as 100 meters. 这条河宽达一百公尺。
I mailed the letter as early as Friday. 我早在星期五就把信寄了。
A is as much + N + as B is
结构︰主词+be+as+much+名词+as+(be)+主词
说明︰此句型意为“…和…同样…”。“as much++as+(be)+”的 be 通常省略或放句末。
Cmets are just as much members f the sun’s family as (are) the ther planets.
彗星和其他的行星同样是太阳家族的成员。
T eat t much is as much a bad thing as t eat nthing. 吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。
He is as much a member f the rchestra as Tm. 他和汤姆同样是管弦乐队的成员。
nt as/s + ADJ/ADV + as + N
结构︰nt as/s+形容词/副词+as+名词
说明︰此句型意为“不像…那样…”。as…as 可用于肯定句或,而 s…as 仅可用于构中。
It is nt as (s) ppular as ther fds. 它不像其他食物那样受欢迎。
He des nt study as (s) hard as Jhn. 他不像约翰那样用功。
I am nt as (s) careful as Tm. 我不像汤姆那样细心。
as far as ...
结构︰as far as+名词
说明︰此句型意为“到…之远;到…的程度”。而“as far as++”则表示“只要…,在…范围内的话…”。
Swallws frm England g as far as Suth Africa. 英国来的燕子飞到南非那样远的地方。
We walked as far as the railrad statin. 我们走到火车站那样远的地方。
We drve as far suth as Kahsiung. 我们往南开车一直到高雄。
He went as far as Ykhama t meet his friend frm England.
他远至横滨去迎接由英国来的朋友。
I swam as far as I culd. 我尽可能地游远。
... just as ... as ...
结构︰主词+动词+just as+形容词/副词+as+(代)名词/动名词
说明︰此句型意为“…就像…一样…”。第一个 as 是“同样的;一样的”,第二个 as 是“像”之意。若之后不是 be ,则 as 之后不用,而要用。
Being a gd pedestrian is just as imprtant as being a gd driver.
做一个好的行人就像做一个好的司机一样重要。
Writing is just as imprtant as reading. 写作就像阅读一样重要。
He wrte just as carefully as Tm. 他就像汤姆一样小心地写。
... as ... as ne can
结构︰…as+形容词/副词/名词+as ne can
说明︰此句型意为“尽可能…”。“as ... as ne can”相当于“as ... as pssible”。ne 要随的人称而变化,而 can 要随变化。
T speak English fluently, yu had better read as many English articles as yu can.
要想把英文讲得很流利,你最好尽量多看英文文章。
Take as much exercise as yu can. 尽可能多做运动。
Be as careful as yu can. 尽可能小心。
Our teacher explained the lessn t us as clearly as he culd.
我们的老师尽可能清楚地为我们解释这一课。
She needed t sften her request t make it as plite and curteus as she culd.
她需要使请求语气柔婉,以便尽可能把它变成有礼貌与客气。
Yu shuld be as careful as yu can in making friends. 在交朋友方面,你应该尽可能小心。
We had better learn by heart as many sentence patterns as we can. 我们最好尽可能多背句型。
I lked dwn the rad as far as I culd. 我尽可能遥望这条路。
I will try t save as much as I can. 我会设法尽可能多储蓄。
Yu shuld remain as quiet as yu can. 你应尽可能地保持沉默。
... as ... as ... can be
结构︰主词+be 动词+as+形容词+as+(形容词)+can be
说明︰此句型意为“极…,不亚于任何人…”。此借重复同一个而成为强调此的说法。常用的此类有:as plain as plain can be(再明白不过了),as wise as wise can be(再聪明不过了),as white as white can be(白得不能再白了),as wrng as wrng can be(错得太离谱)等。
His failure is as plain as plain can be. 他的失败是再明白不过了。
He is as handsme as (handsme) can be. 他潇洒极了。
She is as kind as can be. 她极为和颜悦色。
Mary is as hardwrking as can be. 玛丽在班上之用功不输任何人。
He may nt be s clever as Peter, but he is as industrius as can be.
他也许不如彼得聪明,但却用功极了。
as ... as ever
结构︰as+形容词/副词+as ever
说明︰此句型意为“与往常一样…”。
He seems t be as busy as ever. 他似乎和往常一样忙碌。
He wrks as hard as ever. 他和往常一样努力工作。
She was as beautiful as ever after s many years. 过了那么多年,她美丽如故。
... times as ... as ...
结构︰倍数词+as+形容词/副词+as…
说明︰此句型意为“是…的几倍”。“两倍”是 twice,而三倍以上的“倍”,通常用 times。
An rdinary subway train, appraching the statin, can be twice as lud as the ludest jet.
平常的地下火车接近车站时,发出的声音可能是最大声的喷射机的两倍。
This line is fur times as lng as that ne. 这条线是那条线的四倍长。
I am twice as ld as he. 我的年纪是他的两倍。
She studies three times as hard as I. 她用功的程度是我的三倍。
He earns twice as much as he used t. 他比往常多赚二倍的钱。
She spent half as much mney as yu. 她花掉的钱只有你花掉的一半。
... times the/my N ...
结构︰…倍数词+the(或所有格)+名词
说明︰此句型意为“是…的几倍”。与之间一定有 the 或。有时可改为“+as+”。三倍以上的“倍”,通常用“times”。而“mre than++the(或)+”译为“是…的几倍还不止”。
It was ver twice the distance f the earth frm the sun. 那是地球到太阳的距离的两倍多。
Line A is fur times the length f line B. 线条 A 是线条 B 的四倍长。
I have five times the number f Tm’s bks. 我有五倍于汤姆的书。
He has three times my mney. 他的钱是我的三倍。
He has mre than three times my mney. 他的钱是我的三倍还不止。
The river is ten times the length f the Tamsui River. 这条河的长度是淡水河的十倍。
Hlland has tw-thirds the inhabitants f the state f New Yrk, which is fur times the size f Hlland. 荷兰的居民是纽约州的三分之二,而纽约州却是荷兰的四倍大。
mre than ... as ... as
结构︰mre than+倍数词+as+形容词/副词+as
说明︰此句型意为“是…的几倍还不止”。“两倍”是twice,而三倍以上的“倍”,通常用times。
He is mre than three times as rich as I. (=He is three times richer than I.) 他的财富是我的三倍还不止。
He studies mre than three times as hard as I. 他用功的程度是我的三倍还不止。
I am mre than twice as ld as he. 我的年龄是他的两倍还不止。
He has cllected mre than three times as many stamps as I (have). 他搜集的邮票是我的三倍还不止。
... times than ...
结构︰倍数词+形容词或副词比较级+than…
说明︰此句型意为“比…大几倍”。“两倍”是twice,而三倍以上的“倍”,通常用times。
We nw knw that X-ray waves are 2,000 t 10,000 times shrter than light waves.
我们现在知道X光波比光波短二千到一万倍。
This street is fur times shrter than that ne. 这条街道比那条短四倍。
The mther elephant is ne hundred times heavier than the baby elephant. 这只母象比小象重一百倍。
It is ten times luder than anther. 它比另外一个的声音大十倍。
This street is three times wider than that ne. 这条街比那条街宽三倍。
I am twice lder than he. 我的年纪比他大两倍。
nt s adj. as adj.
结构︰nt s+形容词/副词+as+形容词/副词
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是…倒不如说是…”。相当于“/+rather than+/”。
She is nt s beautiful as charming. (=She is charming rather than beautiful.) 与其说她美倒不如说她迷人。
He is nt s clever as diligent. 与其说他聪明倒不如说他勤奋。
She is nt s kind as simple. 与其说她善良不如说她单纯。
nt s much + N as + N
结构︰nt s much+名词+as+名词
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是…倒不如说是…”。相当于“+rather than+”。
He is nt s much a writer as a schlar. 与其说他是作家倒不如说他是学者。
He is nt s much a genius as a hard wrker. 他的努力胜于天份。
The Apll prgram was nt s much a scientific achievement as a technical accmplishment.
阿波罗计划与其说是一项科学成果,不如说是一项技术成就。
nt s much ... as ...
结构︰nt s much+介系词词组/不定词词组+as+介系词词组/不定词词组
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是…倒不如说是…”。相当于“/+rather than+ /”。
Happiness hinges nt s much n wealth as n health.
快乐与其说在于财富倒不如说在于健康。
One’s greatness lies nt s much in his wealth as in his character.
一个人的伟大与其说是由他的财富来判断,倒不如说是由他的品德来判断。
Success lies nt s much as in luck as in hard wrk. 与其说成功在于运气不如说是辛勤努力。
I lay dwn nt s much t sleep as t think.我躺下来与其说是要睡觉,倒不如说是要思考。
It is nt s helpful t give smene sme bread as t teach him hw t make a living.
与其说给人面包很有帮助,倒不如说教导他如何谋生才重要。
Our success was attributed nt s much t yur help as t ur cperatin.
我们的成功与其归功于您的帮忙,不如归功于我们的合作。
The great use f a schl educatin is nt s much t teach yu things as t teach yu the art f learning. 学校教育的最大用处,与其说是教你事物,不如说是教你学习的方法。
The ceans d nt s much divide the wrld as unite it. (=The ceans d nt divide the wrld s much as unite it.) 与其说是海洋分割这个世界,不如说是统一这个世界。
nt s much as ...
结构︰nt s much as ...
说明︰此句型意为“甚至都不…”。相当于“nt even ...”。本使用时,要置于之后,即: cannt s much as+原形(甚至…都不能),d nt s much as+原形(甚至…都不),have nt s much as+过去(甚至…都没有)。
He cannt s much as write his wn name. (=He cannt even write his wn name.)
他甚至连自己的名字都不会写。
He did nt s much as thank me. 他甚至都没谢我。
He is s stupid that he can’t s much as eat. 他蠢得甚至连吃饭都不会。
When Mary walked in, she didn’t s much as take a glance at me, which angered me.
玛丽进门时,连看我一眼都没有,真令人生气。
the mre ..., the mre ...
结构︰the+比较级…,the+比较级…
说明︰此句型意为“愈…,就愈…”。若句中的为一般,而非(he,it,yu,they)或(Jhn,Mary),且后面的为 be 时,该 be 可省略。
The mre yu sften a request, the mre plite it becmes. 你愈使请求柔婉,请求就愈变为客气。
The lnger yu stay here, the mre yu will like the place.
你在这里待得愈久,你愈会喜欢这个地方。
The mre careful yu are, the fewer mistakes yu will make. 你愈小心,你犯错就会愈少。
The mre I learn, the less I feel I knw. 学而后知不足。
The clser yu stay t nature, the mre yu will appreciate her beauty.
你愈接近大自然,就愈能了解它的美。
The mre leisure he has, the less he stays at hme. 愈是有空,他愈不肯待在家里。
The better the by (is), the mre I like him. 这男孩愈好我愈喜欢他。
The clder the weather (is), the mre cmfrtable my life (will be). 天气愈冷,我的生活就愈舒服。
The bigger the huse (is), the mre mney it will cst. 房子愈大愈值钱。
The mre haste, the less speed. 欲速则不达。
The mre nble the mre humble. 结实愈丰者,其穗愈低。
Mre prfit and less hnr. 舍名逐利。
The sner the better. 事不宜迟。
The mre yu have, the mre yu want. 拥有愈多,欲望愈高。
The mre yu beat irn the harder it grws. 铁不炼不成钢,玉不琢不成器。
mre and mre ...
结构︰比较级+and+比较级
说明︰此句型意为“愈来愈…”。
The nise f traffic grws luder and luder. 交通的噪音变得愈来愈大。
It is getting htter and htter. 天气愈来愈热。
Yu shuld study harder and harder. 你应该更用功念书。
The girl became mre and mre beautiful. 这女孩变得愈来愈漂亮了。
With the rapid ecnmical develpment, China’s psitin n the internatinal stage is getting mre and mre imprtant.随着经济迅速发展,中国在国际舞台上的地位变得愈来愈重要了。
... mre ... than ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+mre…than…
说明︰此句型意为“…是…而不是…”。在“…”的位置,可以用,,或带有形容词性的。
Yu may als find that reading has becme mre fun than wrk!
你或许也会发现阅读已经变成是有趣的事,而不是工作。
It is mre a made-up stry than a real ccurrence.那是杜撰的故事,而不是真实发生的事情。
I was mre disappinted than discuraged. 我是失望,而不是泄气。
He seems mre like a military fficer than a business executive.
他似乎比较像一个军官,而不像一个商业行政主管。
He is mre a sprinter than a swimmer. 他是短跑健将,而不是游泳选手。
I am mre frightened than hurt. 我吓坏了而没有受伤。
Sue is mre beautiful than Jane. 苏比珍较美。
The cmputer is mre expensive than the typewriter. 这部计算机比这部打字机更贵。
Peple in the cuntry are happier than peple in the city.乡下的人们比城市的人们更快乐。
N1 mre ... than N2
结构︰名词1+比较级+than+名词2
说明︰此句型意为“比…更为…的…”。
Peple have t live n smething mre nurishing than hpe.
人们必须依赖比希望更滋养的东西来过活。
I have never seen a girl mre beautiful than Mary. 我从未见过比玛丽更为美丽的女孩子。
I want sme persns mre experienced than Tm. 我要一些比汤姆更有经验的人。
mre N than + ADJ/V-ed
结构︰比较级+名词+than+(be 动词)+形容词/过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“比…来得更多的…”。be 通常省略。
Sme peple give higher priced gifts than necessary fr the situatin.
有些人给了比情况所必要来得更高价的礼物。
I did mre wrk than required. 我做了比所被要求的来得更多的工作。
We were given mre mney than necessary fr the prject. 我们被给了比计划所要求来得更多的钱。
It is better t V1 than V2
结构︰It is+比较级+t+原形动词1…than+(t)+原形动词2…
说明︰此句型意为“…比…更…”。than 之后的 t 可以省略。
It is better t laugh than (t) weep. 笑比哭好。
It is mre cmfrtable t lie n a lawn than (t) sit in the ffice. 躺在草坪上比坐在办公室里舒服。
It is harder t teach than (t) study. 教书比读书辛苦。
make ... mre ... f ...
结构︰主词+make+受词+mre+形容词+f…
说明︰此句型意为“…使…更加…”。根据不同的情况,句子可以有不同。
Darkness wuld make him mre appreciative f sight. 黑暗会使他更加珍惜视力。
Their sudden attack made us mre aware f the danger arund us.
他们突然的攻击使我们更加注意我们周围的危险。
Yur encuragement made me mre cnfident f my future. 你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。
all the mre fr ...
结构︰all the+比较级+fr+名词
说明︰此句型意为“即使…却更加…;因为…反而更加…”。fr 为,之后接为其。也可写成“all the+比较级+because-子句”。because 为,之后接+,引导。
Yu will enjy stries all the mre fr having understd the characters in them.
你会因为已经了解小说中的角色,而更加喜欢小说。
I lve her all the better fr her pverty (=because she is pr). 因为她穷,我反而更喜欢她。
I like the bk all the mre fr its beautiful illustratins. 我因为精美的插图而更加喜欢这本书。
He studied all the harder because he had failed (=fr his failure).
因为他失败了,他反而更用功念书了。
She is all the mre beautiful fr her shabby clthing (=because her clthing is shabby).
即使她衣衫褴褛,却显得更美丽了。
I respect him all the mre because he has faults. 因为他有缺点,我反而更尊敬他。
I like Kyt all the better fr its many narrw streets. 正因为小道多,我反而更喜欢京都。
nne the fr ...
结构︰nne the+比较级+fr+名词
说明︰此句型意为“即使…却一点也不…”。相当于“nne the+比较级+because-子句”。fr 为,之后接为其;because 则为,之后接+,引导。
His health is nne the better fr his exercise (=because he takes exercise).
即使他运动,他的健康状况却一点也不好。
She is nne the mre beautiful because she wears a fancy dress.
即使她身穿时髦洋装,却一点也不漂亮。
He is nne the happier fr his great wealth. 即使他有钱,却一点也不快乐。
He is nne the wiser because he has read many bks.
他虽然读了不少书,可是并未因此而聪明些。
nne the less ... fr ...
结构︰nne the less+形容词/副词+fr+名词
说明︰此句型意为“即使…却仍然”。相当于“nne the less+形容词/副词+because-子句”。nne the less 为,译成“仍然”,可修饰,或;修饰时,置于该之后;修饰时,置于该之前;修饰时,置于该之前。
I lve him nne the less because he is pr. 即使他穷,我还是爱他。
She is nne the less beautiful fr her shabby clthing. 即使她衣衫褴褛,却仍然美丽。
He studied nne the less hard because he had failed. 即使他失败了,却仍然用功念书。
... n mre ... than ...
结构︰A+动词+n mre+B+than+C+动词+D
说明︰此句型意为“A 不是 B 正如 C 不是 D”。“n mre ... than”等于“nt ... any mre than”。若 than之后的词类与前面的词类相同,可以省略;若不同,则不可省略。
A whale is n mre a fish than a hrse is. 鲸鱼不是鱼正如马不是鱼一样。
A hme withut lve is n mre a hme than a bdy withut a sul is a man.
没有爱的家不是家,就如同没有灵魂的身体不是人一样。
He is n mre able t speak English than I am (able t speak English).
和我不会说英语一样,他也不会说英语。
He is n mre cnsiderate f thers than his brther is. 他不体谅别人,就跟他弟弟一样。
He can n mre sing than I can dance. 他不会唱歌正如我不会跳舞一样。
We can n mre live withut sleep than (we can) withut water.
我们没有睡眠不能活,正如我们没有水就不能活一样。
I am n mre ut f my mind than yu are (ut f yur mind). 你我两人都没有疯狂。
Tm was n mre surprised than (he was) disappinted at this news.
汤姆听见那消息既不惊讶也不失望。
He is n better (n mre gd) at English than I am. 他的英文不好,就像我一样。
... n less ... than ...
结构︰A+动词+n less+B+than+C+动词+D
说明︰此句型意为“A 是 B 和 C 是 D 一样”。“n less ... than”等于“as ... as”,n less 之后可置或 修饰。
A whale is n less a mammal than a hrse is. 鲸鱼和马一样都是哺乳动物。
He is n less clever than his elder brther. 他和他的大哥一样聪明。
She is n less gd at swimming than Mary. 她和玛丽一样擅长游泳。
His parents are n less happy ver his engagement than he is (happy ver his engagement).
他的双亲对他订婚的高兴并不亚于他自己。
He studies n less hard than Jhn. 他和约翰一样用功。
Assciating with gd friends is n less imprtant t us than chsing gd bks.
交益友与选择好书对我们同样重要。
A gd shirt is n less expensive than a jacket.一件好衬衫的昂贵程度并不比一件夹克衫差。
Sprts wears, n less than suits, are very much saleable.运动服和西服套一样,非常畅销。
nt mre ... than ...
结构︰nt mre…than…
说明︰此句型意为“没有比…更多;最多只是和…一样”。等于“at best as ... as”。
She is nt mre beautiful than Mary. 她不比玛丽美丽--顶多只是和玛丽一样美。
I was nt mre surprised than he (was). 我不像他那样惊讶。
He is nt mre handsme than I. 他不比我潇洒--顶多跟我一样潇洒。
nt less ... than
结构︰nt less ... than
说明︰此句型意为“没有比…更少;至少与…一样”。等于“at least as ... as”。
She is nt less beautiful than Mary. 她至少和玛丽一样美丽。
He is nt less interested in cmpsing music than Jane. 他至少跟珍一样对谱曲很感兴趣。
He is nt less handsme than I. 他至少跟我一样潇洒。
n mre than ...
结构︰n mre than+名词
说明︰此句型意为“仅仅…”。等于“nly+”,强调稀少。
It will take n mre than five days t read the bk. 不到五天,我就会把这本书读完。
It is n mre than ten minutes’ walk frm the statin. 由车站走到这里只有十分钟的路程。
I had n mre than 2 r 3 mistakes n my English assignment. 我的英文作业中只有两三处错误。
n less than ...
结构︰n less than+名词
说明︰此句型意为“多达…;足足有…之多”。等于“as many/much as ...”,强调多。
I received n less than ten thusand yen fr my wrk. 我的工资多达一万元。
The audience was n less than five thusand. 听众有五千人之多。
That htel prbably csts n less than 20 dllars a night. 那间旅馆的住宿费大约要20元一晚呢。
N less than ten students flunked the exam. 整整有十位学生在这次考试中不及格。
nt mre than ...
结构︰nt mre than+名词
说明︰此句型意为“最多不超过…”。等于“at mst++”。
It is nt mre than ten minutes’ walk frm the statin. 由车站走到这里最多十分钟的路程。
I’ll stay here nt mre than three days. 我将待在这里最多不超过三天。
Fr safety’s sake, dn’t drive mre than 30 kilmeters per hur in the city.
为了安全起见,在市内开车时速不要超过三十公里。
nt less than ...
结构︰nt less than+名词
说明︰此句型意为“至少…”。等于“at least++”。
The audience was nt less than five thusand. 听众至少也有五千人。
I’ll stay here nt less than three days. 我将待在这里至少三天。
Thugh they think it takes n mre than three days t fulfill the missin, I believe it takes nt less than six days. 虽然他们认为完成这任务只需三天,但我却认为至少需要六天。
at best + N
结构︰at best+名词
说明︰此句型意为“充其量…;只不过是…”。等于“nthing but ...”。
Dn’t expect much f him; he is at best a student. 不要对他期望过高;他只不过是个学生。
She is at best a secnd-rate singer. 她充其量是个二流歌手。
Dn’t scld him t much; he is at best a child. 不要太责骂他;他只不过是个孩子。
much mre /much less ...
结构︰much mre/much less…
说明︰此句型意为“更不用说…”。“much mre ...”等于“let alne ...”或“still mre ...”,只用于肯定句;“much less ...”等于“still less ...”,只用于。
She can speak English, much mre/let alne/still mre write it.
她会说英语,更不用说写英文了。
She cannt speak English, much less/still less write it. 她不会说英语,更不用说写英文了。
Yu have a right t yur prperty, much mre t yur ideas.
你有处理自己财产的权利,更有支配自己思想的权利。
I enjy singing, much mre listening t music. 我喜欢唱歌,更不用说听音乐了。
She cannt buy daily necessities, much less luxuries.
她连生活必需品都不能买,更不用说奢侈品。
He can hardly run a mile, much less the marathn. 他连一哩都跑不了,更不用说马拉松了。
That father can’t discipline himself, much less set a gd example fr his children t fllw.
那位父亲不能以身作则,更不用说做孩子的榜样了。
... mre than any ther N
结构︰比较级+than+any ther+单数名词
说明︰此句型意为“比其他任何…都还…”。这是用来表示的同范围比较。也可用“+than+all the ther+复数”来表示。
Jhn is mre diligent than any ther student in his class. 约翰比班上其他的同学用功。
Jhn is mre diligent than all the ther students in his class. 约翰比班上其他的同学用功。
Baseball is mre ppular than any ther sprt in Japan. 在日本,棒球比其他任何运动都受人欢迎。
Autumn is better fr reading than any ther seasn. 秋天比任何季节都适合读书。
Mt. Jade is higher than any ther muntain in Taiwan. 玉山要比台湾的任何山都高。
... mre than anyne else
结构︰比较级+than+anyne else/anything else
说明︰此句型意为“比其他任何…都还…”。这是用来表示的同范围比较。anyne else 指人;anything else 指物。
Jhn is mre diligent than anyne else in his class. 约翰比班上其他的同学用功。
Time is mre precius than anything else in the wrld. 时间比世上任何东西都宝贵。
Mary is mre beautiful than anyne else in her cmpany. 玛丽在公司里比其他人都漂亮。
We pay less attentin t time than t anything else.我们对时间的不重视超过其他任何事物。
nthing is than ...
结构︰nthing(或 n+名词)+动词+比较级+than…
说明︰此句型意为“没有如此…者”。这是用来表示的。
Nthing is mre valuable than time, but nthing is less valued.
没有比时间更贵重的东西,但也没有比它更受轻视的东西。
N place is better than ne’s hme. 没有任何地方比得上自己的家。
Nthing is mre pleasant than staying hme listening t music.
没有一件事比待在家里听音乐更愉快的了。
Nthing gives him mre pleasure than helping smene in truble.
没有一件事要比帮助陷入困境的人带给他更大的快乐。
There is nthing t which we pay less attentin than time and air.
我们对时间和空气的不重视超过其他任何事物。
... nthing mre than N
结构︰主词+动词+nthing mre than+名词
说明︰此句型意为“…只不过…”。“nthing mre than”等于“nthing but”。
Others are dismissed as nthing mre than entertainment. 有些只不过是被当做娱乐而不予考虑。
It is nthing mre than a made-up stry. 它只不过是杜撰的故事而已。
She wishes t be treated as nthing mre than a cmmn girl. 她希望被对待得只不过像一般的女孩子。
than ever
结构︰…+比较级+than ever
说明︰此句型意为“比以前更…”。than ever 等于 than ever befre,意为“比以前任何时候…”。
There it was, ticking away, luder than ever. 它就在那里,滴答地走着,比以前更大声。
Yu shuld be mre careful than ever. 你应该比以前更小心。
Des she spend mre mney than ever? 她比以前花更多的钱吗?
better ... than ...
结构︰better+…+than+被比对象
说明︰此句型意为“宁可…;最好还是…”。better 之后可接,,,等。
Please try t attend the meeting. Better late than absent.请您尽量参加会议。迟来也比不来强。
Better t pstpne the shipment than t cancel the cntract. 与其撤约还不如延期装运。
Better reduce the price than allw a discunt. 与其给折扣,不如减价。
with n N is it than
结构︰... and with n+名词1+is it+比较级+than+with+名词2
说明︰此句型意为“…这种情形没有一种…比…更为…”。此种结构,由于有 n,所以用 is it的倒装句型。
It is unreasnable t regard any language as the pssessin f a particular natin, and with n language is it mre unreasnable than with English. 把某一种语言视为某一特定的国家所拥有是不合理的,而这种情形没有一种语言比英语更为不合理。
It is bad t get ill, and with n disease is it wrse than with cancer.
生病是糟糕的,而这种情形没有一种疾病比癌症更为糟糕。
It is pleasant t chat with friends, and with n chat is it mre pleasant than with clse friends.
和朋友聊天是愉快的,而这种情形没有比和知己的朋友聊天更为愉快。
Wh is the mst ...
结构︰Wh is the+最高级…?
说明︰此句型意为“谁最…?”。此句型中若将 wh 改为 which,即用来询问一组事物中最具某种特色的,如例句4。
Wh is the ldest f them? 他们之中谁的年纪最大?
Wh is the mst beautiful in their family? 谁是他们家里最美丽的人?
Wh is the yungest here? 这里谁是最年轻的?
Which is the mst interesting subject fr yu? 哪个科目对你来说最有趣?
the ... nt ...
结构︰最高级+…nt…
说明︰词类与 nt 并用时,有“甚至…都不…”的意味。
The mst flish man knws his wn name. 再笨的人都知道自己的名字。
The lveliest flwer cannt beat her beauty. 再漂亮的花也比不上她的美丽。
The greatest schlar cannt slve this difficult prblem. 再伟大的学者也没有办法解答这个难题吧。
The richest man in the wrld cannt buy everything. 即使是世上最富有的人,也无法买到一切。
There is nt the smallest chance f his escape. 他一点逃走的机会也没有。
Nt even the thickest jacket was enugh t keep ut the cld. 就连最厚的夹克也不足以御寒。
The strngest man (that) yu can think f cannt tear the lg apart with bare hands.
就连你所能想到的最壮的人也不能光用手就将木头撕裂。
the ... that V-ed
结构︰the+最高级…+(that)+完成式
说明︰此句型意为“最…”。that 是;中习惯使用 ever 强调。
That’s the best bk that I have ever read. 那是我读过的最好的书。
That’s the nicest thing that has ever happened t me. 那是我遇到的最美好的事。
He is the mst diligent student that I have ever knwn. 他是我所知道的最用功的学生。
That’s the wrst perfrmance (that) I have ever seen. 那是我所看过的最糟的一次表演。
f all the N, the
结构︰f+the three/the fur/all the+复数名词,+最高级子句
说明︰此句型意为“在…中,…最…”。但须注意:“f the tw+复数+”,表示“两者中…较…”,如例句7。也可置于句首。
Of the three students, he is the best. 三个学生中,他是最好的。
Jane is the best f all the students in her class. 珍是班中最好的学生。
Jane is the best f the three (students). 珍是三个学生中最好的一个。
Of all the high muntains, Mt. Jade is the highest. 在所有高山当中,玉山为最高。
Of all the fur seasns, summer is the httest. 在所有四季当中,夏天最热。
Of all the girls, she is the mst beautiful. 在所有这些女孩子当中,她最美。
Of the tw girls, Mary is mre beautiful. 这两个女孩中,玛丽较漂亮。
A is the amng ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+最高级+(名词)+amng…
说明︰此句型意为“…是…之中最…”。后的通常省略。
The Chu-shui River is the lngest ne amng them. 浊水溪是其中最长的一条。
Which river is the shrtest amng them? 哪一条河流是它们之中最短的?
Paris is the mst beautiful amng the cities. 巴黎是这些城市中最美的。
A is the N in ...
结构︰A+be 动词+the+最高级+名词+in+场所。
说明︰此句型意为“A 是…里面最…”。the 不能漏掉。
Jane is the best student in her class. 珍是她班上最好的学生。
Mr. Jnes is the busiest man in the ffice. 琼斯先生是办公室里最忙的人。
The baseball game n Tuesday is the mst imprtant game this year.
星期二的棒球赛是今年最重要的棒球赛。
A is the f N
结构︰主词+be 动词+the+最高级+f+复数名词
说明︰此句型意为“…是最…的…”。本的意思等于“+be +the++单数”。
Rbert Frst was the mst American f American pets. 罗伯‧佛洛斯特是最具美国风格的美国诗人。
He is the strictest f teachers in ur schl. 他是我们学校最严格的老师。
It is the mst ppular f mvies. 这是最受欢迎的电影。
English is the mst internatinal f languages. 英语是最国际化的语言。
It is the mst difficult f examinatins. 那是最难的考试。
Yu must make the mst f yur pprtunities. 你必须尽量利用机会。
A is the f all.
结构︰主词+be 动词+the+最高级+f all
说明︰此句型意为“…是最为…”。“+f all”的比“”强。
These frzen fds are the mst cnvenient f all. 这些冷冻食品是最为方便。
It is the mst imprtant f all. 那是最为重要的。
They are the mst dependable f all. 他们是最为可靠的。
A is mst ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+没有 the 的最高级…
说明︰在以下几种场合里的之前没有 the:被用来代替“very+原级”或“very”以加强 时前面没有 the;mst 的含义是“多数”时前面没有 the;用作时前面没有 the;带有的之前没有 the。
I think he is a mst learned man. 我认为他是个很有学问的人。
A mst beautiful girl came t see him yesterday. 昨天有一个很漂亮的女孩来看他。
Such a mst talented persn as he shuldn’t be satisfied with what he is.
像他这么有才华的人不应满足于现状。
A cmet is at perihelin when it is clsest (=very clse) t the sun.
彗星最接近太阳时,它就是在近日点。
A persn is mst disappinted when he is in despair. 一个人在绝望时最失望。
He is calmest (=very calm) when he is all by himself. 他一人独处时极为平静。
The sentence f six mnths imprisnment was mst unjust. 六个月监禁的判决极其不公。
Mst peple need six t eight hurs f sleep every day.多数人每天需要六至八小时的睡眠。
Mst learned men are mdest. 大部分有学问的人都很谦虚。
I like apples best f all fruits. 所有水果中我最喜欢苹果。
Bill runs quickly, Jack runs mre quickly than Bill, and Bb runs mst quickly f all.
比尔跑得快,杰克跑得比比尔快,鲍伯在三者中跑得最快。
Jane’s wrst fault is her quick temper. 珍最大的毛病是她的急性子。
She is my yungest sister. 她是我最小的妹妹。
A is the last t ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+the last+(名词)+t-不定词/子句
说明︰此句型意为“…是最不可能…”。the last 表示“最不可能…;绝不至于…”,它的后面有时有 。
I wuld be the last t attempt t answer the questin. 我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题。
He is the last persn (that) I want t see. 他是我最不想要看到的人。
This is the last attempt (that) he wuld make. 这是他最不可能做的尝试。
The authr shuld be the last man t talk abut his wrk. 作者应该是最不喜欢谈论自己作品的人。
superir/inferir t ...
结构︰superir/inferir t…
说明︰此句型意为“优于/劣于…”。这是不规则的,其后跟 t 代替 than,其他还有“prefer… t…(喜爱…甚于…)”,“senir t ...(年长的)”,“junir t ...(年少的)”等。
I prefer tea t cffee. 茶与咖啡,我较喜欢茶。
I prefer chemistry t physics. 我喜欢化学甚于物理。
He is superir t his brther in mathematics. 他的数学比他兄弟好。
A cheaper camera is nt always inferir t a mre expensive ne.
廉价照相机的质量并总不比昂贵的差。
This plastic is inferir in quality t glass. 这塑料的质料比玻璃差。
He is senir t me by seven years. 他比我年长七岁。
The president was s yung that he was junir t sme f his emplyees.
总裁的年龄甚至是比他的一些雇员还小。
四、含不定词句型
I am glad t ...
结构︰主词(人)+be 动词+情绪形容词(如 glad,srry…)+不定词…。
说明︰放在情绪如 glad,srry,happy,sad,surprised,trubled等字之后修饰,这是做的用法。
I am glad t see him. 我很高兴看到他。
Sue was trubled t see trash everywhere. 苏看到到处是垃圾很苦恼。
Sara was excited t see the rck band. 莎拉看到摇滚乐团很兴奋。
... t ... t ...
结构︰主词+动词+t+形容词/副词+(fr+sb.)+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“太…而(使某人)不能…”。t 为,可修饰或。t 后也可接含有的单数,即“t++a+单数+t-”,也可以是“t much++t…”或“t many+复数+t…”。该句型如提到“对某人来说”,则加入“fr+人”。该句型表示“否定”的意义,若加上,则须用否定,如例句8。
He walked t slwly t catch up with me. 他走得太慢而不能跟上我。
It is t dark in this rm fr me t read a bk. 房间太暗,使我无法看书。
This prblem is t difficult fr them t settle. 这对他们来说真是一个难解的问题。
The price is t lw fr custmers t believe. 价格低得令顾客难以相信。
He is t yung a by t d it. 他还太小,无法做这事。
He has t much wrk n hand t g picnicking with us. 他手头的工作太多了,不能跟我们去野餐。
He has t many things at his dispsal t g hme early. 有太多事要他处理,使他不能早点回家。
The by is t yung t d it, isn’t he? 这男孩年纪太轻不能做这件事,不是吗?
I am t glad nt t ...
结构︰主词+动词+t+形容词/副词+nt+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“太…而必能…;非常…”。本具有双重否定作用,也可将否定词移到部分。
Our prfessr is t capable nt t slve this difficult prblem.
我们教授非常有才干,必定能解决这一难题。
This custmer is t hnest nt t deceive us. 这位客户非常诚实,不会骗我们。
I am t glad nt t help the by.我太乐意了而不能不帮助那男孩--我非常乐意帮助那男孩。
It is never t late t learn. 活到老,学到老。
I am nly t ... t ...
结构︰主词+动词+nly t+形容词/副词+t-不定词
说明︰此句型意为“非常…”。nly 除去了 t 的否定意义,nly t 相当于 very,very much 等。
I am nly t glad t accept yur kind invitatin. 我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。
He is nly t willing t serve friends. 他极愿为朋友效劳。
I am nly t pleased t d business with yu. 我能和你做生意,太高兴了。
ADJ/ADV + enugh t ...
结构︰主词+动词+…形容词/副词+enugh+(fr sb.)+t-不定词
说明︰此句型意为“足以…”。enugh 可做或用,在此做,可修饰或,恒置于被修饰的或之后。
We need several men strng enugh t d the wrk. 我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。
They bught a huse large enugh fr ten persns t live in. 我们买了一栋房子,大得足以供十个人住。
He is cmpetent enugh t fill that psitin. 他足以胜任那职位。
He ran fast enugh t catch the thief. 他跑得飞快,足以抓住那小偷。
Our teacher is ld enugh t retire. 我们老师年纪已够得上退休了。
The assignment is few enugh t be finished within half an hur. 作业很少,足能在半小时内完成。
... enugh + N + t d ...
结构︰主词+动词+enugh+名词+t-不定词
说明︰此句型意为“有足够的…可以做…”。该句型也可写作“主词+动词+名词+enugh+t-不定词”。 enugh 在此做,修饰,可置于该之前或之后。
He has enugh mney (=mney enugh) t buy a car. 他有足够的钱买一辆汽车。
He hasn’t enugh sense t realize his mistakes. 他没有足够的辨别力去认识自己的错误。
It is a pity that he desn’t have enugh mney t spnsr the prject.
遗憾的是他没有足够的钱来支持这项计划。
Will 2,000 dzens be enugh fr selling? 两千打够卖吗?
... be gd enugh t ...
结构︰Wuld yu be gd enugh+t-不定词…?
说明︰此句型意为“请你…好吗?”。本的意思和“Wuld yu be s kind as t ”一样, 较客气。
Wuld yu be gd enugh t turn the radi dwn a bit?请你把收音机的声音关小一点好吗?
Wuld yu be gd enugh t keep silent? 请你保持安静好吗?
Wuld yu be gd enugh t mve a bit t the right? 请你往右边移一点好吗?
... hw (+ N) + t d ...
结构︰…hw/what/when/where/which/whse(+名词)+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“应该如何做/何时做/何地做/做哪些事…”。what,whm,which 为疑问,做其后 中的,否则就做的。hw,where,when,why均为。中的若为,则后面要有;若为,则不需要。
Hw d I knw what t d and what nt t d? 我怎么知道什么该做,什么不该做?
He shwed me hw t use the tape recrder. 他教我如何使用这台卡式录音机。
What t d is ne questin, and hw t d it is quite anther.
应该做什么和应该怎样做是完全不同的两个问题。
The truble is when t start the business. 麻烦在于应该什么时候开始这项工作。
We haven’t decided where t g fr lunch. 我们还没有决定去哪里午餐。
I dn’t knw which advise t fllw. 不晓得该听谁的劝告。
I learned what expressins t use in public. 我懂得在公共场所中应使用什么措辞。
Hw t begin is mre difficult than where t stp. 如何着手远比在何处结束来得困难。
Yu shuld knw what t ck t eat. 你应该知道该煮什么来吃。
The prblem is when t get the mney we need. 问题是什么时候能得到我们所需要的钱。
There are s many fancy cars n display here that I dn’t knw which t buy.
有这么多的豪华汽车在此展出,我不知要买哪一辆才好。
... nly t d ...
结构︰…nly/merely/simply/just+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“竟然…;却…”。表示与先前的努力相反的结果,一般用在句尾。
He studied hard nly t fail in the exam. 他这么用功,结果竟然考场失利。
He rushed all the way t the statin nly t miss the train. 他一路冲往车站,结果还是错过了火车。
He tried a secnd time nly t fail again. 他再试一次,竟然还是失败。
He tried t increase his incme by gambling nly t plunge mre deeply int the mire.
他企图藉赌博增加收入,却陷入了更深的困境。
I went ut, merely t get caught in a shwer. 我跑出去,结果徒然碰到一场骤雨。
... have nly t d ...
结构︰have nly+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“只需…就够了”。相当于“All ne has t d ...”或“What ne has t d ...”。
Yu have nly t sit there and watch what I am ding. 你只要坐在这里,看着我做就行了。
Dn’t wrry; yu have nly t sing a sng t please her. 不用担心,你只需唱首歌让她高兴就行了。
Yu have nly t g. 你只要去即可。
Yu have nly t ask and he’ll tell yu. 你只要问他,他就会告诉你。
... never t d ...
结构︰…never+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“不会再有…的结果”。
He went n a jurney when he was 18 years ld, never t cme back.
他十八岁时出外旅行,一直没有回来。
He went ff t the war never t return alive. 他去参加战争,没能活着回来。
She left her husband, never t cme back. 她离开了她丈夫,再也没回来。
make/have sb. d sth.
结构︰主词+make/have/bid/let+受词(人)+不定词原形
说明︰此句型意为“要/嘱咐/叫…”。中,make、have、bid、let 等字加了之后,要接原形做,与使用相比,原形重点在事实。变成时,该要变成。但是 have 当时,无。
I made him d it. 我叫他做这事。
I let him d it. 我让他做这事。
They had/made the girl clean the flr. 他们叫这个女孩打扫地板。
The mther bade the child behave himself. 妈妈叮咛孩子要守规矩。
He was bidden t finish the wrk n schedule. 我要他按时完成工作。
My father will prbably have Tm paint the huse green. 我爸爸很可能叫汤姆把房子漆成绿色。
He had me help him with his hmewrk. 他叫我帮忙他做家庭作业。
... want/like t d ...
结构︰主词+一般及物动词+不定词(t+V)…。
说明︰常以作为的有:like(喜欢),want(想要),try(设法), lve(喜爱),hate(讨厌),frget(忘记),begin(开始),start(开始),need(必须)。
Sme students hate t study English. 有些学生不喜欢研读英语。
Yu need t study in a quiet place. 你必须在一个安定的地方读书。
He likes t g t the mvie. 他喜欢去看电影。
She wants t help Mary. 她想要帮助玛丽。
... want/ask sb. t d ...
结构︰主词+want/ask/tell 等+受词+t-不定词
说明︰放在的后面,用于补充说明的动作,叫做“”;当要表达“不要做某事”的意思时,则须采用的,即直接在前加 nt。常用的此类有 want,get,cmpel,expect,ask,wuld like,advise,urge,wish,tell,allw,permit,truble,help,teach 等。
I tld him nt t gf arund. 我叫他不要游手好闲。
The teacher urged his students t prepare fr the exam. 老师劝他的学生准备考试。
They frced me t d things against my will. 他们强迫我做违背我心意的事。
D yu want me t g there instead f yu? 要不要我代你到那儿去?
I gt him t d it. 我叫他做这事。
Their help enabled me t finish the wrk with ease.他们帮助我,使我能够顺利地完成工作。
A sense f humr enabled him t get alng well with thers. 幽默感使他能与人相处愉快。
The heavy wrklad frced me t cancel the camping trip.繁重的工作量迫使我取消去露营。
The father allwed (=permitted) his sn t travel abrad alne. 父亲答应让他的儿子单独出国旅行。
We trubled him t turn n the light. 我们麻烦他打开电灯。
We needed smene t fix the tape recrder. 我们需要有人来修理录音机。
I heard him sing.
结构︰主词+hear/see/feel+受词+原形不定词
说明︰此句型意为“听/看/感觉…”。英文中表示“看”,“听”,“感觉”的三类,加了之后,须接原形做,用以表示已发生,而且是主动意味的事实。我们称此类为知觉,常用的有 see,watch,ntice,lk at,hear,listen t,feel 等。变成时,要变成,如例句4。这些词后也可接现在,强调“动作进行”,而接原形,则强调“整个事实”。
Did yu ntice anyne cme in? 你注意到有人进来过吗?
As far as I remember, I have never seen him smile. 在我记忆中,我从未见他笑过。
She nce heard him whisper t anther girl. 她曾听到他对另外一个女孩说悄悄话。
He was heard t sing. 我听到他唱歌。
I felt my heart beat vilently. 我感觉到自己的心跳得很厉害。
She liked t listen t children talk. 她喜欢听孩子们谈话。
We heard him playing with his puppy. 我们听到了他在玩着他的小狗。
Rick ften watched the bats returning t prt in the late afternn.
瑞克常常看到小船在傍晚正回到港口。
be ging t ...
结构︰主词+be ging+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“将做…”。“be ging+t-”用作表示未来的,表示最近之未来将做的行为或未来的意图。这种经常用于会话体,表示包含讲话者的主观或感情的情形。
He is ging t marry Jane in May. 他打算五月和珍结婚。
I am ging t stay up late t finish my paper. 为了完成报告我打算熬夜不睡。
I’m afraid he is ging t lse the match. 我恐怕他会输掉比赛。
The train was just ging t start when we arrived. 我们到达时,火车马上就要开了。
My father was a sailr and I’m ging t be ne, t. 我父亲(以前)是水手,我也打算当水手。
be abut t ...
结构︰主词+be abut+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“将做…”。表示极近的未来之行为,故为了表示几乎等于现在的未来而不和未来之 一起使用,如:不能说“I am abut t g next week.”。
He was surely abut t change his mind. 他一定会改变主意。
She was abut t walk ut f the dr when the telephne rang. 电话铃响时她正要出门。
Smething unusual was abut t happen. 某种不寻常的事正要发生。
... be t ...
结构︰主词+be+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“预定要…”。“be+t+”含有事先的安排或命令,表示“必须…;应该…;打算…”。
A was t be placed nt A’, and B nt B’.
... seem/appear t ...
结构︰主词+seem/appear+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“似乎是…,好像…”。t-的内容是表示状态的词。seem 有时要加入“或许”(prbably)的意思翻译起来才适当;appear 近于“乍看之下好像是…”的意思。
Taiwan seems t cntain n petrleum. 台湾恐怕没有蕴藏石油吧!
The thread seems t match the clth. 这线和这布似乎很相称。
He appears t be very tired. 他似乎很累。
These stars appear t mve arund the Nrth Star. 这些星星似乎环绕着北极星转。
They appear t be able t handle the prblem. 他们似乎可以处理这个问题。
Jhn seems t lve music very much. 约翰似乎很喜欢音乐。
T ..., Main Clause
结构︰不定词词组,主要子句
说明︰此类通常放在句首,表示目的,修饰。常用的有 t tell the truth(老实说),t d smene justice(替某人说句公道话),t be brief(简言之),t begin with(首先),t sum up(总之),t make matters wrse(更糟的是),s t speak(可以这么说),needless t say(不用说),t say nthing f sth。(更不用说)等。
T make sure that he was at hme, I called him up in advance. 为了确定他在家,我事先打电话给他。
T tell the truth, I dn’t agree t yur plan. 老实讲,我不同意你的计划。
T d her justice, she is nt as bad as yu described. 说句公道话,她并没有你说的那样坏。
T sum up, nly when strict punishment can be impsed n the lawless, can scial stability be maintained. 总之,唯有当严刑峻罚加之于违法之徒时,才能维持社会安定。
Mary is, s t speak, a hardwrking student. 玛丽可说是个用功的学生。
I can’t speak English, t say nthing f Chinese. 我不会说英语,更别提中文了。
Needless t say, learning withut thinking is useless. 不用说,学而不思则罔。
... pretend t ...
结构︰主词+pretend+t-不定词/that-子句
说明︰此句型意为“假装…”。pretend 后面用 t-不定词或 that 子句。
He was pretending t climb a muntain. 他假装在爬山。
She pretended nt t g. 她假装不去。
He pretended t be a gd man. 他假装是好人。
Let’s pretend (that) we are pirates. 让我们玩假装海盗的游戏吧!
... stp t ...
结构︰主词+stp+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“停下来…”。若“stp+Ving”是“停止…”。
They just dn’t stp t think. 他们就是不停下来想一想。
They stpped t lk int the windw. 他们停下来看看橱窗。
I have stpped smking fr half a year. 我已经半年不抽烟了。
... be meant t ...
结构︰主词+be meant+t-不定词
说明︰此句型意为“…是有意要…;…是命中注定要…”。“be meant t V”有时变成“be meant fr N”。
Sme TV prgrams are meant t be watched tday and frgtten tmrrw.
有些电视节目的用意是要今天观赏,明天忘掉。
He believes he is meant t be a great man. 他相信他命中要成为伟人。
This dictinary is meant fr yu. 这本字典是要给你的。
be + ADJ + t ...
结构︰主词+be+形容词+t-不定词
说明︰实际上是 t-的,经过转变而移到句首。
It was even mre pleasing t lk at in the mrning light. 它在早晨的光线下看起来更悦目。
The rising sun is especially beautiful t lk at frm this angle. 旭日从这个角度看起来特别美。
I think she is easy t please. 我想她是很容易讨好的。
... be likely t ...
结构︰主词+be likely+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“…可能…”。likely 表示具有充分根据的预测。有时可变为“It is likely that ...”。
One’s first impressin is likely t be that everyne is in a rush.
一个人的第一个印象是,每个人都是匆忙的。
He is likely t arrive at any time. 他可能随时会到。
His health is likely t get wrse. 他的健康可能会恶化。
make an/n attempt t ...
结构︰主词+make an/n attempt+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“…打算要/没有打算要…”;“…试图要/没有试图要…”。
His smile deepened, but he made n attempt t answer. 他的微笑加深了,但他没有打算要回答。
I made n attempt t make friends with her. 我没有打算要和她做朋友。
Will they make any attempt? 他们会再做另一次的尝试吗?
happen/chance t ...
结构︰主词+happen/chance+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“…碰巧…”。
A friend f his happened t be sitting in a railrad-cach next t a yung man wh was bviusly depressed.
他的一个朋友碰巧在火车车厢里坐在一个无精打采的年轻人的身边。
We happened t meet at the statin. 我们碰巧在火车站相遇。
He happened t be sleeping. 他碰巧在睡觉。
I chanced t be thinking f the same thing. 我碰巧想到同样的事。
... is said t ...
结构︰主词+is said+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“据说…(现在)是…”。而“is said t have been ...”是“据说…(以前)是…”。
His music is said t be “gd”r “great”. 他的音乐据说是“好”或“了不起”。
He is said t have been the richest man in Taiwan. 据说他以前是台湾最有钱的人。
They are said t build a hspital here. 据说他们要在这里盖一家医院。
... be bund t ...
结构︰主词+be bund+t-不定词
说明︰此句型意为“一定…”。“be bund t V”是“be sure t V(一定)”之意,而“be bund fr”是“前往”之意。
Smething is bund t happen ne way r anther t end the cnflict r slve the prblem.
事情一定以某种方式发生以结束冲突或解决难题。
He is bund t cme tnight. 他今天晚上一定会来。
If s, yur pints f view are bund t cnflict with his.
如果这样的话,你的观点一定会和他的起冲突。
... d all ne can t ...
结构︰主词+d all ne can t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“尽一切可能来…”。注意 d 和 can 的要保持一致。
Daddy did all he culd t fill my needs and desires.爸爸尽一切可能来满足我的需求和欲望。
Yu shuld d all yu can t persuade him. 你应该尽一切可能来说服他。
We have dne all we culd t catch up with them. 我们已经尽了一切可能来赶上他们。
have sth. t d with ...
结构︰... have smething/nthing t d with ...
说明︰此句型意为“…与…有/无关系”。这是包含不定式的习惯用法。随着“有关系”的程度, smething 可改为 little,much,a great deal 等。have nthing t d with表示否定;have anything t d with 用于中。
Her diligence must have smething t d with his success. 她的勤勉和她的成功一定有某些关系。
The traffic accident had nthing t d with him. 这交通事故和他一点关系也没有。
His wife had much t d with his bankruptcy. 他的破产和他的妻子很有关系。
have n ther N except t
结构︰主词+have n ther+名词+except/than+t-不定词
说明︰此句型意为“除了要…没有其他的…”。except 可以换成 than。
The speaker has n ther purpse except t make peple laugh.
这位演说者除了想搞笑之外,没有别的目的。
We have n ther chice than t agree with them. 我们除了同意他们之外,没有别的选择。
I have n ther wish except t pass the examinatin.我除了要通过考试之外,没有别的心愿。
... in rder/s as t ...
结构︰in rder/s as+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“为了…;想做…就得…”。这是表目的的不定词句型,意思更为明确。
He must wrk very hard in rder t supprt his large family.
他必须拼命工作以养活他的大家庭。
Listen carefully s as t fllw the teacher. 要仔细听才能听懂老师讲的课。
Yu must watch yur step s as nt t fall dwn. 你必须留心脚下才不会跌下去。
... be used t ...
结构︰主词(物) + be used t-不定词
说明︰此句型意为“被用来…”。主词通常是无生命的东西。而“物+be used as+”译为“被用来当做…”。
The bk is used t teach us hw t write. 这本书教我们如何写作。
The knife can be used t cut meat. 刀能用来切肉。
It is said that the plant can be used t treat hepatitis. 据说那种植物可用来治肝炎。
The bk is used as a reference bk. 这本书被用来做参考书。
五、含分词之句型
I am + V-ing ...
结构︰主词+am(are,is)+现在分词…
说明︰此句型意为“(人,物)正在…”。用于表示现在“正在进行”的动作或“暂时性”的动作,常和 nw,still,at this time 等()连用。而用于表示现在的“事实,习惯或状态”,常和 every day,usually,always 等()连用。
Bill is singing. 比尔正在唱歌。
Linda is cking. 琳达在烹饪。
My father is sleeping. 我父亲在睡觉。
Mther cks dinner every evening. 妈妈每天晚上做晚饭。
She is cking in the kitchen nw. 她现在正在厨房里做饭。
Father walks t his ffice every mrning. 爸爸每天早上走路去上班。
He is walking t his ffice nw. 他现在正在走路去上班。
Mary sings in her rm every afternn. 玛丽每天下午在她房间里唱歌。
She is singing in her rm nw. 她现在正在她房间里唱歌。
an interesting mvie
结构︰主词+动词+a/an+(very)+现在分词+名词(物)…。
说明︰“情绪”如 interest,excite,satisfy,bre,cnfuse,truble 等,要修饰事物,常用现在;现在含有“主动”或动作“正在进行”的意味。
That is an interesting mvie. 那是一部令人有趣的电影。
That is an exciting game. 那是一场令人兴奋的比赛。
That is a satisfying bk. 那是一本令人满意的书。
Have yu + V-ed
结构︰Have/Has+主词+过去分词+…?
说明︰将 have(has)提到句首,即构成的疑问式。
Have yu had yur lunch? 你已吃过午饭吗?
Has she ever written a letter t Mark? 她曾经写信给马克吗?
Have yu fund the pen yu lst yesterday? 你找到昨天丢失的钢笔了吗?
a trubled student
结构︰主词+动词+a/an+(very)+过去分词+名词(人)…。
说明︰“情绪”如 interest,excite,satisfy,bre,cnfuse,truble 等,要修饰人,常用过去;过去含有“被动”或动作“已经完成”的意味。
He is a trubled student. 他是一位感到苦恼的学生。
He is an interested persn. 他是一位表现兴趣的人。
He is a bred student. 他是一位感到厌烦的学生。
I have written a letter.
结构︰主词+have(has)+过去分词+…。
说明︰用于表示“过去某时”发生的事情,“直到现在”才完成,或“继续到现在”,或其结果“影响到现在”,它的肯定式由“have(has)+过去”构成,其中 have或 has 是,当是第三人称单数(he,she,it…)时,用 has,其余人称用 have。
I have written a letter. 我已经写了一封信。
Mary has studied English fr three years. 玛丽研读英语已有三年。
He has liked dgs since he was a child. 自从他是小孩时,他就喜欢狗。
... is by ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+过去分词+by+受词…。
说明︰将主动句改为被动句时,先将主动句的变成被动句的,再将主动句的改成“be+过去分词”,且须注意 be 的时式要与主动句的时式相同,最后将主动句的变成被动句 by 的。
The news is widely spread by them. 这一消息被他们广为传播。
Vegetables are needed every day by us. 蔬菜每天被我们所需要。
This letter was typed by Alice this mrning. 这封信在今早被艾丽斯用打字机打过了。
will be V-ed by ...
结构︰主词+will be+过去分词+by+受词…。
说明︰将现在式被动句的 be (am,is,are)改为 will be,是构成未来式被动句的一种方法。
That bk will be brught by Mary tmrrw. 那本书明天将被玛丽带来。
That car will be washed this afternn. 那部汽车今天下午将会被洗。
The building will be pened next mnth. 那栋大楼下个月将营业。
be ging t be V-ed by
结构︰主词+be ging t+be+过去分词+by+受词…。
说明︰在现在式被动句的 be (am,is,are)后加 ging t be,是构成未来式被动句的另一种方法。
These clthes are ging t be washed by her. 这些衣服将由她来洗。
A birthday cake is ging t be brught t the table by the ck. 一只生日蛋糕将被厨师放到桌子上。
Music is ging t be taught by Miss Lin. 音乐课将由林小姐来教。
can(nt) be V-ed by ...
结构︰主词+can(nt)be +过去分词+by+受词…。
说明︰将主动句中的(can,must…)照抄,后面加上 be+过去,即构成含有的被动句。
That lessn can nt be understd by many students. 那一课无法为许多学生所理解。
The questin can nt be answered by many peple. 这一问题无法被许多人回答。
His pr handwriting can nt be read by himself. 他糟糕的笔迹无法被他本人所辨认。
... V + V-ing ...
结构︰主词+动词+补语(现在分词)
说明︰英文中,若两个在一起而无加以连接,所表示的动作又是同时发生的,则第二个要变成现在;若第二个是be时,应变成现在 being,但 being通常予以省略。
We sat listening t the sund f the waves. 我们坐着倾听海浪的声音。
The dg lay dzing in frnt f the dr. 小狗躺在门前打盹儿。
She std there (being) mtinless. 她站在那儿,一动也不动。
He quickly ran hme, lking as if there was smething wrng with him.
他快步跑回家,看上去好像有什么事不对劲。
I stand lking ver the lake. 我站着展望湖面。
Sme leaves went flying int my rm. 几片叶子飞着进入我的房间。
... V-ing/V-ed + N ...
结构︰…现在分词/过去分词+名词(或名词+现在分词/过去分词)
说明︰这是做之修饰语的用法,该修饰其前或后紧临之;之前有其他单字或跟随时,通常放在后面。
The shuting by did nt hear his mther call him. 大声叫嚷的孩子听不到妈妈的叫唤。
The girl standing in the frnt rw is my niece. 站在前排的少女是我的侄女。
There were n printed bks in thse days. 当时没有印刷的书籍。
This is a play written by an American authr. 这是美国作家写的剧本。
The prisners clsely guarded escaped frm the prisn last night. 被严密监视的这些囚犯昨夜越狱了。
I lked painfully at the vase brken int pieces. 我痛苦地看着这个破得粉碎的花瓶。
It is difficult t sht a flying bird, especially a small bird flying high up in the sky.
要射中飞行中的小鸟,尤其是高空飞行的小鸟,非常困难。
Sn we came t a crwded street, a very wide street crwded with allsrts f vehicles.
我们很快就来到一条很宽、很吵杂,各种车辆来往行驶的大马路上。
feel/make ... V-ing/V-ed
结构︰keep/make/hear 等+受词+现在分词/过去分词
说明︰ keep,find 或 make,let,get 等,以及 hear,see,watch,feel 等后的若强调正在进行的概念,且有主动意味时,以现在表示;若有被动意味时,则以“being+过去”表示,均译成“正在…”。若要强调被动且已发生的概念,则用过去做,译成“被…”。
At last I succeeded in getting my car mving slwly.最后,我终于成功地让我的车子慢慢移动。
We saw him watering the lawn arund the huse. 我们看见他在为屋子四周的草坪浇水。
Have yu heard the pera sung in French? 你听过用法语唱的这场歌剧吗?
I felt smething crawling up my arm. 我感觉到有什么东西爬上我的手臂。
I saw him being punished by the teacher. 我看到他正被老师处罚。
I saw the by carried away t the hspital. 我看到那个男孩被抬去医院。
I fund the wrk being dne in a rush. 我发现这件作品正仓促地被完成。
... get(s) V-ed/ADJ
结构︰主词(某人)+get(s)+过去分词(或形容词)…。
说明︰此句型意为“某人变成…”。get+(过去)的常见用例有:get ld(年纪大), get hungry(肚子饿),get angry(生气),get sick(生病),get fat(发胖), get tired(疲倦),get lst(迷路),get cnfused(困惑),get hurt(受伤), get excited(兴奋),get ready(准备好)。
Jhn gt lst. 约翰迷路了。
Mary gets tired f wearing red dresses. 玛丽厌倦穿红色衣服。
The questin is s hard, and we’re getting cnfused. 这问题太难,我们感到困惑。
... have/get sth. dne
结构︰主词+have/get/make+受词+过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“把…(办完)”。make 之后的习惯上是“人”而非“物”;但 have 和 get 后的在此 中是“物”,有“叫别人代劳”的意味,即做事的人并非,而是别人。
Be sure t get the wrk finished befre six ’clck. 务必在六点之前把工作完成。
Are yu ging t get the huse painted green? 你打算要把房子漆成绿色吗?
I want t get/have these shes mended. 我想把这些鞋子修补一下。
He has been unable t raise enugh mney t have the big clck repaired.
他一直无法筹募到足够的钱来把这个大钟修理好。
I’ll have it sent right away. 我会立刻把它(拍送)出去。
Have it charged t my credit card. 把它记在我的信用卡的账号里。
I cannt make myself understd in English.
我无法用英文使自己被人了解。(我无法用英文把我的意思讲清楚。)
I had my tth extracted. (=I had the dentist extract my tth.) 我把牙拔了。(我是叫医生拔的。)
Sth. is being + V-ed ...
结构︰主词+is being+过去分词…
说明︰此句型意为“…正在被…”。是的。
Mney is being used in place f smething mre direct.金钱正在被更直接地用来取代某种东西。
The machine is being experimentally used. 这些机器正在被实验地使用着。
The prblems are being discussed. 这些问题正在被讨论着。
... g + V-ing ...
结构︰g+现在分词
说明︰此句型意为“从事…”。g 之后的现在通常是运动类的,如:fishing(钓鱼),bating(划船),skating(溜冰),skiing(滑雪),hunting(打猎),muntain climbing(爬山), shpping(购物)等。
Smetimes Mr. Black went swimming with the children.有时布拉克先生和这些小孩去游泳。
We went fishing yesterday and I caught three fish. 我们昨天去钓鱼,而我钓了三条。
I find it interesting and healthy t g muntain climbing. 我觉得爬山有趣又有益健康。
The American husewife prbably ges shpping nly nce r twice a week.
美国家庭主妇可能一星期只购物一、二次。
Yu may g grass skiing, bicycle riding, r shpping n the weekend.
周末你可以去滑草,骑脚踏车,或购物。
the + V-ing/V-ed/ADJ
结构︰the+现在分词/过去分词/形容词
说明︰,包括可做的,前面加 the,可当复数用,表示“全体”的意思,其后的用复数形。常用的有:the wunded(所有受伤的人),the handicapped(所有残障者),the rich(有钱人),the dead(所有已死的人),the dying(所有垂死的人),the unknwn(所有未知之事)等。
The rich are nt necessarily happy. 有钱人未必快乐。
The ppressed were free after the cup. 被压迫的人民,在政变之后获得自由。
The dying were rushed t the hspital. 垂死的人被急速送往医院。
During the depressin, millins f the unemplyed wandered arund in the streets.
经济萧条时期,有好几百万的失业者在街头游荡。
V-ing/V-ed ..., Main Clause
结构︰现在分词/过去分词…,主要子句
说明︰这是含句构的,是以代替。中的应和中的动作接受者一致。若为 be 或 have been,变成现在 being 或 having been后,可以省略。若变成时, nt 或 never 应置于之前。
Hlding the watch up, she listened. 把表拿起来,她注意听。
Standing in the dark, I can nt see anything. 站在黑夜里,我什么也看不见。
Sitting under the tree, I was hit by a stne n the head. 我坐在树下,被一块石头击中了头。
(Being) a lver f nature, he ften ges muntain climbing.因为热爱大自然,他常常去爬山。
Angry with his wife, Tm kicked the dg. 因为和太太生气,汤姆踢狗。
Rich and generus, he cntributed tw millin dllars t the Red Crss.
因为有钱又慷慨,他捐了两百万圆给红十字会。
(Having been) Kncked dwn by a car, he spent a week in the hspital.
被车子撞倒后,他在医院里度过了一星期。
Seriusly damaged, the bridge is n lnger in use. 因受到严重损坏,这座桥不再使用了。
Caught in a rain, he was wet all ver. 淋到了一场雨,他全身都湿了。
Bitten by a dg, the little by did nt dare t play with dgs again. 被狗咬过,这个小男孩不敢再和狗玩。
Written in English, the bk is difficult fr me t understand. 用英文写的这本书对我来说很难理解。
Nt (being) fnd f learning, he ran away frm hme. 由于不喜欢读书,他就离家出走了。
Never having been t Switzerland befre, he lngs fr a trip there.
因为从来没去过瑞士,他期待一趟瑞士之旅。
When + V-ing ...
结构︰when/while/nce/if/unless/thugh+现在分词
说明︰当when,while,nce,if,unless,thugh 等引导时,若其与相同,可保留该,其余部分则化简为。
He says "Please" when making a request. 请求时,他说:“请”。
When waiting fr a bus, he takes his turn. 等公共汽车时,他按顺序排队。
He stpped t talk t me when seeing me. 看到我的时候,他停下来和我说话。
If falling ill, I’ll stay hme taking a gd rest. 如果生病,我会待在家里好好休息。
Once arriving there, I’ll keep cntact with yu. 一到那里,我会跟你连络。
Unless (being) rich, I am nt ging t buy a huse. 除非有钱,要不然我是不会买房子的。
Thugh knwing the truth, he remained silent. 虽然他知道实情,却保持沉默。
N + V-ing/V-ed
结构︰名词+现在分词/过去分词,…
说明︰这是含独立结构的,即因不同而将意义上的置于之前。若 为 be 或 have been,变成现在 being 或 having been 后,可以省略。若意义上的是 we,yu,ne 等表世上之一般人的情形时,即使和之不同,也可省略,变成惯用的句子,常用的有:frankly speaking(坦白说),judging frm(由…观之),talking abut/f(谈谈…),generally speaking(一般而言),rughly speaking(大体言之)等。
They were trembling, their muths watering at the thught f the beer.
他们颤抖着,一想到啤酒,口水就流出来。
He was sitting next t Mrs. Smith, his eyes resting n her daughter.
他坐在史密斯太太的旁边,他的视线落在她女儿的身上。
The earthquake tk place, the windws brken int pieces. 地震发生了,户破得粉碎。
"There it is," he whispered, his eyes (being) bright with sudden tears.
“就在那里。”他低声地说,他的眼睛闪亮着突然而来的眼泪。
He said in a lw vice, bth his hands (being) n his back. 他低声地说,他的双手放在背后。
He argued, his vice trembling with anger. 他争论着,他的声音由于生气而颤抖。
Generally speaking, wmen live lnger than men. 一般而言,女性寿命较男性长。
Frankly speaking, he is nt s bad as yu might think. 坦白讲,他没有你想象中的坏。
with + N + V-ing/V-ed
结构︰with+名词+现在分词/过去分词
说明︰这是表“附带状况(并行行为)”的,常用来描述情景。有时使用、、代替。
She sang t the music with her hand waving gently. 她跟着音乐唱歌,手斯文地挥动着。
He came running here with ne hand hlding a knife. 他手上握着刀向这里跑来。
He came running here with a knife held in ne hand. 他一手握着刀向这里跑来。
With ur wrk dne, we felt much at ease. 工作做完后,我们觉得好轻松。
She lked at him with the clr gne frm her face. 她凝视着他,脸上毫无血色。
He was dzing with a bk pen in his hands. 他在打盹,手上的书打开着。
My father smetimes ges ut fr a strll with a stick in his hand. 父亲有时候带着手杖出去散步。
What a lnely wrld it wuld be with yu away! 妳要是不在,这世界不知将有多寂寞!
V-ing ... + be + N ...
结构︰现在分词…+be 动词+名词
说明︰此句型的是句子的,所以 be 要和一致。
Cexisting with such lve in the American family are cultural values f self-reliance and independence. 和美国家庭的这种爱同时并存的是自强及独立的文化价值观。
Grwing alng the river are tall palm trees. 沿着这条河生长的是高大的棕梠树。
Lying nrth f the church is a girls’ senir high schl.位于这座教堂以北的是一所女子高中。
含动名词之句型
Thinking crrectly is ...
结构︰动名词+副词(或名词)+单数动词+…。
说明︰此句型意为“做某事是…的”。在文法上具有与的双重性质,故可以像一样充当;又因当时,用于指“某一件事”,属于第三人称单数,故取单数。
Thinking crrectly is imprtant. 思考正确是重要的。
Living in the big city is cnvenient. 住在大城市是方便的。
Reading gd bks makes us happy. 阅读好书使得我们快乐。
... withut + N/V-ing ...
结构︰主词+动词+…withut+名词/动名词…。
说明︰此句型意为“没有(不用)…”。withut 当“没有;不用;假如没有;当…不”解,是,后面接()或,用法相当于“and ... nt”或“if(when)…nt+”。
I can’t start a fire withut matches. 我没有火柴不能点火。
We wn’t g withut yu jining it. 你没有参加的话我们就不去了。
Yu can’t see the mvie withut the ticket. 你没有票,不能看电影。
He went t schl withut breakfast. (=He went t schl and did nt eat breakfast.)
他没吃早饭就去上学了。
I like + V-ing ...
结构︰主词+及物动词+动名词(当受词)+…。
说明︰此句型意为“某人…做某事”。下列的后面,常接当:like,lve, hate,begin,start,try,enjy,mind,practise。
I like ding my hmewrk. 我喜欢做我的家庭作业。
He lves listening t music. 他喜欢听音乐。
The bys hate ding hmewrk n Sundays. 男孩们讨厌在星期日做家庭作业。
cannt help + V-ing ...
结构︰主词+cannt help+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“不得…,不禁…”。这里的 help 作“抗拒”或“避免”解,此时一定要用,相当于“+cannt but/cannt help but+原形”。
He cannt help lving Mary because f her beauty. 因为玛丽长得美,他不禁爱上她。
Whenever I hear the stry, I cannt help crying. 每次我听这故事,就忍不住要哭。
After learning f his sufferings, I culdn’t help sympathizing with him.
得知他痛苦的遭遇后,我忍不住同情他。
I cannt help laughing. 我忍不住笑出来。
I cannt help being pr. 我是穷,可是没有办法呀!
I cannt help wndering abut that girl. 我不免对那个女孩感到惊奇。
I cannt help wrrying t hear that there is n steamer this week.
我听到本周没有船的消息,禁不住担忧起来。
There is n + V-ing ...
结构︰There is n+动名词…
说明︰此句型意为“做…是不可能的”。等于“It is impssible t+原形”或“N ne can+原形”。
There is n accunting fr tastes. 人各有所好。
There was n telling what the next assignment wuld be. 不晓得下一个任务将是什么。
There is n reasning with such a stubbrn man as Peter. 跟彼得这种固执的人讲理简直是不可能的事。
There is n denying that Taiwan is a beautiful island.台湾是座美丽的岛屿,这是不可否认的。
There is n describing the beauty f the scene. 谁都无法形容这景色的美丽。
There is n typing up this letter within five minutes. 不可能在五分钟内打完这封信。
feel like + V-ing ...
结构︰feel like+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“想要…”。like 是,故之后要接或。当接时,解释为“想要做…”,相当于“wuld like t+原形”;接时,解释为“感觉像…”。
I dn’t feel like studying tnight. 我今晚不想念书。
I feel like ging t Eurpe fr a visit next summer vacatin.我好想明年暑假去一趟欧洲。
D yu feel like ging t a mvie? 你想看电影吗?
I feel like a newbrn baby. 我感觉像是个新生的婴儿。
... cme near + V-ing ...
结构︰主词+cme near+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“几乎去做…”。near 后跟。
It came near being the prettiest bw he had ever seen.那几乎是他所见过最漂亮的一只果盆。
I came near hitting him. 我几乎揍他。
They came near being drwned. 他们几乎被水淹死。
My sn came near being run ver by a truck. 我的儿子差点被大卡车辗过。
... wrth + V-ing ...
结构︰wrth+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“值得…”。wrth 是,使用时要用或做,形成,当 用。wrth 之后接时,必须为该之,否则之后须另加,使做其。这种不可用虚 it 做。
Lndn is a city wrth visiting. 伦敦是值得参观的城市。
He wh des his duty is wrth praising. 凡是忠于职守的人都值得赞扬。
A bk wrth reading nce is wrth reading time and time again. 值得一看的书值得一看再看。
The wrk is wrth ding. 这个工作值得去做。
He is wrth ding the wrk fr. 值得为他去做这份工作。
be wrthy f + V-ing
结构︰be wrthy f+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“值得…”。等于“be wrthy+t be+过去”。wrthy 是,也引导;同 wrth 一样,使用 wrthy 时,不可用虚 it 做。
This bk is wrthy f reading. 这本书值得一读。
He wh des his duty is wrthy f praising. 凡是忠于职守的人都值得奖励。
The event is wrthy f being remembered. 那事件是值得记忆的。
On/Upn + V-ing ...
结构︰On/Upn+动名词…
说明︰此句型意为“一…就…”。相当于 nce 引导的。n 后面所跟的的动作执行者必须与的一致。
Upn reaching an apprpriate age, children are encuraged, but nt frced, t “leave the nest”.
一达到适当的年龄,孩子们就被鼓励,而不是被强迫,“离开老窝”。
On entering the classrm, I fund a bk lying n the flr. 一走进教室,我就发现一本书丢在地上。
Upn receiving yur letter, I was as happy as culd be. 一收到你的信,我非常高兴。
befre + V-ing ...
结构︰befre + 动名词 ...
说明︰此句型意为“在…之前”。befre 后面动作的执行者,应该与中的动作执行者一致。
Befre entering a huse in sme Asian cuntries, it is gd manners t take ff yur shes.
在某些亚洲的国家,进屋子之前脱下鞋子才是有礼貌的。
Befre reading the bk, yu had better ask yurself if yu have the time.
在读这本书之前,你最好问问自己是否有时间。
Befre visiting him, I called him up in advance. 在拜访他之前,我先打电话给他。
f ne’s wn + V-ing
结构︰f ne’s wn+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“由某人亲自所…的”。本为,置于之后,做后位。
This is a picture f his wn painting. 这是他的亲笔画。
This is a cat f her wn making. 这是她亲手做的外衣。
I least expected that this shuld be a huse f his wn cnstructing.
我怎么也没想到这房子是他自己造的。
keep ... frm + V-ing
结构︰主词+keep/prevent/stp/discurage+受词+frm+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“防止…/阻止…/使…不能…/劝阻某人不要…”。有时把 frm 省略。
It will take everybdy’s effrts t keep city nises frm increasing.
那是需要每个人的努力来防止都市噪音的增加。
The rain kept us frm getting there n time. 那场雨使我们不能准时到达那里。
They shuld try t keep prices frm rising. 他们应该设法阻止价钱上涨。
Smetimes we can prevent a clud frm prducing rain. 有时我们可以阻止云产生雨。
Nbdy can prevent him frm running the risk. 没有人能够阻止他去冒险。
The bad weather prevented us frm getting there n time. 恶劣的天气阻止了我们准时到达那里。
They didn’t even try t stp him getting it. 他们甚至没有试图去阻止他得到它。
Yu shuld have stpped him frm ging swimming. 你本来应该阻止他去游泳。
A strng will will stp ne frm cmmitting a crime. 强烈的意志会阻止一个人去犯罪。
Even his clsest friends discuraged him frm seeking higher ffice.
甚至他最知己的朋友也劝阻他去寻求更高的职位。
He was discuraged frm making anther attempt. 他受劝阻去做另一次的尝试。
I remember + V-ing ...
结构︰主词+remember+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“记得曾做…”。“remember+”是指现在记得以前曾经做过某事,而“remember+t-”是指“记住要做某事”。frget,regret 的情形和 remember 也有大致相同的区别。
I remember feeling that Gd, r smene, had brught us tgether.
我记得感到上帝或某人把我们凑合在一起。
D yu remember taking a trip t Japan with him? 你记得曾经和他到日本旅行吗?
I can’t remember quarreling with him in junir high schl. 我不记得国中时和他吵过架。
I’ll remember t mail these letters. 我会记着寄这些信的。
... ne’s + V-ing ...
结构︰所有格+动名词
说明︰之意义上的是放在前面的(),原则上是以出现。但在口语中经常以受格出现,尤其美语此种倾向更强。意义上的若非“人”时,则不必变成。
She is nt sure f his answering her letter. 她无法确定他是否会回信给她。
I prefer Jhn’s playing tennis t his playing cards. 我宁愿约翰打网球而不玩朴克牌。
I dislike my mther’s interfering in the affair. 我不喜欢母亲介入这件事。
Our teacher didn’t mind my cming in late. 老师对于我的迟到并不在意。
Wuld yu mind my pening the windw? 你介意我开窗吗?
I remember ur meeting ten years ag. 我记得十年前我们会见过。
My father desn’t like my/me ging ut alne. 我父亲不喜欢我单独出门。
I dislike my huse being t small. 我不喜欢我的房子太小。
... be busy V-ing ...
结构︰be busy+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“忙着做…”。等于“be busy with+”。
Mther is busy making ckies fr the picnic. 母亲正忙着为野餐做饼干。
He was busy preparing fr the exam. 他忙着准备考试。
I was busy lking up all the new wrds f the lessn in my dictinary.
我忙着在字典里查本课所有的生字。
... be used t + V-ing/N
结构︰主词+be used t/be accustmed t+动名词/名词
说明︰此句型意为“习惯于…”。“+used t-”是“过去常常…”;而“物+be used t-”则是“被用来…”的意思。
The winter was much clder than they were used t and many peple died.
那年冬天比他们所习惯的更为寒冷,因而很多人死亡。
He is used t sitting up late. 他习惯熬夜。
Are yu used t the weather in Taipei? 你习惯台北的天气吗?
He is accustmed t hearing nise, because he lives right in the center f the city.
他住在市中心,所以已经习惯于噪音了。
be n the pint f + V-ing
结构︰be n/upn the pint/verge f+动名词/名词…
说明︰此句型意为“正要…”。相当于“be just abut t ...”。
It started raining when I was n the pint f leaving hme.我正要离开家的时候开始下雨了。
On being sent t hspital, he was n the pint f breathing his last.
他被送到医院的时候已经奄奄一息了。
He was n the pint f death. 他濒临死亡。
She was n the verge f telling all the secret. 她正想把全部的秘密讲给我听。
make a pint f + V-ing
结构︰主词+make a pint f+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“一定…;认为有必要…”。本也可以写成“+make it a pint/rule+t-”。
I make a pint f giving a hand t thers. 我一定对别人伸出援助的手。
Whenever I g t Taipei, I make a pint f visiting the Natinal Palace Museum.
不论何时我到台北,我一定去参观故宫博物院。
They make a pint f ging n a picnic every tw weeks.他们一定每两个星期去野餐一次。
t the pint f V-ing ...
结构︰…t the pint f+动名词…
说明︰此句型意为“到…的程度”。
T regret ne’s errrs t the pint f nt repeating them is true repentance.
对自己的错误后悔到不致重犯的程度是真正的后悔。
She hates him t the pint f nt talking t him. 她讨厌他到不和他讲话的程度。
They argued t the pint f fighting with each ther. 他们争吵到打架的程度。
d a little + V-ing
结构︰d+a lt f/a little/any/the+动名词
说明︰此句型意为“做…”。可以用 a lt f(许多),a little(=sme 一些),any(任何的),the 等字。
I can d a little dancing. 我可以做一点舞蹈动作。
She helped her mther d the washing. 她帮她妈妈做清洗的工作。
He has dne a lt f traveling. 他做了很多的旅行。
with the + V-ing f + N
结构︰with+the+动名词+f+名词
说明︰此句型意为“随着的…”。若有相对的,则用或都可以。
With the cming f Easter, winter ends and spring cmes. 随着复活节的来临,冬天结束而春天来了。
With the inventing f the cmputer, sciety seems t have changed greatly.
随着计算机的发明,社会似乎已经大大地改变了。
With the setting f the sun, night cmes silently. 随着太阳的落下,夜晚悄悄地来到。
spend ... (in) V-ing
结构︰主词(人)+spend+时间+(in)+动名词…
说明︰此句型意为“…花/用若干时间做…”。要用人做。等于“It takes+时间+t-”。
He spent his last years (in) teaching and editing earlier writings. 他把晚年用在教书和编纂以前的著作。
Hw much time d yu spend practicing English everyday? 你每天花多少时间练习英文?
He is ging t spend his last years writing a bk n the histry f Chinese literature.
他打算用晚年写一本中国文学史。
She spends t much time (in) dressing herself. 她用太多的时间装扮自己。
He spent much f his spare time raming abut the streets.他把大部分的闲暇时间用来逛街。
prefer V-ing/N t V-ing/N
结构︰主词+prefer+动名词/名词…t+动名词/名词…
说明︰此句型意为“宁可…而不愿…;喜欢…而不喜欢…”。的位置可以换成。
In the U.S., peple prefer waiting fr a table t sitting with peple they dn’t knw.
在美国,人们宁可等着空的桌子,而不愿和不认识的人坐在一起。
Sme peple prefer sitting up t ging t bed early. 有些人宁可熬夜,而不早睡。
He said he preferred cuntry life t city life. 他说他喜欢乡下生活,而不喜欢都市生活。
when it cmes t + V-ing
结构︰…when it cmes t+动名词/名词
说明︰此句型意为“…一谈到…”。请注意 t 是,后跟,有时也可跟。
Their memry wasn’t very gd when it came t recalling ther things, but they remembered the cmet. 一谈到别的事情时,他们的记性并不是很好,但他们却记得彗星。
When it cmes t making friends, yu cannt be t careful. 一谈到交朋友,你再怎么小心也不为过。
When it came t the summer vacatin, we all became excited. 一谈到暑假,我们大家都变兴奋了。
the + V-ing + f + N ...
结构︰the+动名词+f+名词…
说明︰本结构在句中充当,述词或。
The actual cause f the quake itself is the rupturing r breaking f rcks at r belw the earth’s surface.
地震本身的真正原因是地球表面的或地底下的岩石断裂或破裂。
The building f the bridge is very imprtant fr the transprtatin between the tw twns.
这座桥的建造对这两个镇的交通很重要。
The breaking f his right leg made him walk n crutches nly. 他右脚的折断使他只有靠拐杖走路。
be all fr + V-ing ...
结构︰主词+be all fr+动名词…
说明︰此句型意为“尽其所能地…”。等于 try ne’s best t d sth。
I was all fr calling n each f these ladies. 我尽量去拜访每一位女士。
He is praised fr his being all fr helping the pr. 他因尽力帮助穷人受到了赞美。
I am all fr jgging early in the mrning. 我尽可能一大早慢跑。
六、含助动词之句型
Can yu speak English?
结构︰问句:Can+主词+原形动词…?
肯定简答:Yes,主词+can。
肯定详答:Yes,主词+can+原形动词+…。
否定简答:N,主词+can’t。
否定详答:N,主词+can’t+原形动词+…。
说明︰此句型意为“某人会…吗?是的,某人会…。(不,某人不会)”。can 是,后面必须接原形 ;当是第三人称单数时,can 的字尾不可加 s;can 的后面,不可接 t。can 的否定形,有三种写法:can nt,cannt,can’t;can 的形式为:+can’t+原形+…。
Can he speak English? Yes, he can (speak English). 他会讲英语吗?是的,他会讲英语。
Can Tm play Frisbee? Yes, he can (play Frisbee). 汤姆会玩飞盘吗?是的,他会玩飞盘。
Can Mary ride a bicycle? Yes, she can (ride a bicycle).
玛丽会骑脚踏车吗?是的,她会(骑脚踏车)。
Can yu speak Chinese? N, I can’t (speak Chinese).
你会讲中国话吗?不,我不会讲中国话。
Can yur father ck? N, he can’t (ck). 你父亲会烹饪吗?不,他不会烹饪。
Can she sing English sngs? N, she can’t (sing English sngs).
她会唱英文歌吗?不,她不会(唱英文歌)。
Yu can never d it again.
结构︰主词+助动词+频率副词+原形动词+…。
说明︰通常修饰或,当句中出现 be 时,它位于 be 之后。当出现时,位于之前。当句中同时出现与本,位于之后,本之前。
D yu always eat lunch at schl? 你总是在学校吃午饭吗?
Des Jhn ften watch televisin in the evening? 约翰常常在晚上看电视吗?
Yu can never d it again. 你绝不可再做那事。
He is usually busy. 他通常是忙碌的。
She never cmes t schl late. 她上学从不迟到。
I smetimes speak English at hme. 我有时在家说英语。
... will + V ...
结构︰主词+will+原形动词+…。
说明︰由“will+原形”构成。未来式常与下列()连用:tmrrw,tmrrw mrning(afternn,evening),the day after tmrrw,next week,next year,next+星期几,tnight,this evening(afternn),sme day(总有一天),ne f these days(近两三天内),Hw sn?(再过多久?),in+时间,如:in a few days(过几天后),in ten minutes(过十分钟后)…。还可由“be ging t+原形”构成。
We will eat lunch tgether tmrrw. 我们明天将一起吃午饭。
I will walk hme after schl this afternn. 今天下午放学后我将走路回家。
Mr. Lin will wash his mtrcycle tmrrw mrning. 林先生明天早晨将擦洗他的摩托车。
Will she ck dinner this evening? 她今晚要做晚饭吗?
Will they g n a picnic next week? 他们下星期将去野餐吗?
We will nt play basketball tmrrw. 我们明天不打篮球。
David wn’t g t the mvies with Helen next week. 戴维下星期不和海伦一起去看电影。
Yur brther is nt ging t study this evening. 你弟弟今晚不读书。
They will have a lt f fun next mnth. 他们下个月将玩得很愉快。
Schl will begin next Tuesday. 下星期二将要开学。
... shuld/wuld + V ...
结构︰主词+shuld(wuld,may)+原形动词…。
说明︰shuld 是 shall 的过去式,当“将要”解释,通常用于是第一人称 I 或 we;shuld又当“应该”解释,表示义务或责任,常用于指“现在或未来”的事情,可用任何人称。 wuld 是 will 的过去式,当“将要”解释,通常用于是第二人称或第三人称; wuld 又用于表示“愿望”;wuld 和 like 连用,表示“客气”的语气;wuld 又可用在中,表示客气的请求。 may 可用于表示“可能性”或“不确定的推测”,中文常译为“可能,或许”,相当于 perhaps或 maybe;may 可用于表示“请求对方允许”;在否定答句中,may 的可以有两种形式:mustn’t 表示“强烈的禁止”,mayn’t 表示“婉转的禁止”。
Yu shuld study hard. 你应该努力读书。
He must be sick tday. 他今天一定是生病了。
I wuld like t help yu pack. 我想帮忙你捆扎东西。
... shuld nt + V ...
结构︰主词+shuld(wuld,may)+nt+原形动词…。
说明︰shuld 是 shall 的过去式,当“将要”解释,通常用于是第一人称 I 或 we;shuld又当“应该”解释,表示义务或责任,常用于指“现在或未来”的事情,可用任何人称。 wuld 是 will 的过去式,当“将要”解释,通常用于是第二人称或第三人称; wuld 又用于表示“愿望”;wuld 和 like 连用,表示“客气”的语气;wuld 又可用在中,表示客气的请求。 may 可用于表示“可能性”或“不确定的推测”,中文常译为“可能,或许”,相当于 perhaps或 maybe;may 可用于表示“请求对方允许”;在否定答句中,may 的可以有两种形式:mustn’t 表示“强烈的禁止”,mayn’t 表示“婉转的禁止”。
He wuld nt lend yu his dictinary. 他不愿意把字典借给你。
He may nt cme tmrrw. 他明天不可能(不可以)来。
We shuld nt tell lies. 我们不应该说谎。
Shuld/Wuld yu + V
结构︰Shuld(Wuld,May)+主词+原形动词…?
说明︰shuld 是 shall 的过去式,当“将要”解释,通常用于是第一人称 I 或 we;shuld又当“应该”解释,表示义务或责任,常用于指“现在或未来”的事情,可用任何人称。 wuld 是 will 的过去式,当“将要”解释,通常用于是第二人称或第三人称; wuld 又用于表示“愿望”;wuld 和 like 连用,表示“客气”的语气;wuld 又可用在中,表示客气的请求。 may 可用于表示“可能性”或“不确定的推测”,中文常译为“可能,或许”,相当于 perhaps或 maybe;may 可用于表示“请求对方允许”;在否定答句中,may 的可以有两种形式:mustn’t 表示“强烈的禁止”,mayn’t 表示“婉转的禁止”。
May he d that? 他可能(可以)做那件事吗?
Wuld yu like t g with us? 你想跟我们去吗?
Shuld they read the newspaper mre ften? 他们应该更常看报吗?
... used t + V ...
结构︰主词+used t+原形动词…
说明︰此句型意为“以前(常)…”。等于“+wuld ften+原形”。这是一种表过去的经验的句构,对比地叙述过去与现在。而“wuld+原形”也可表示过去的习惯,但“used t ...”比“wuld ...”规则。
Difficult prblems used t take hurs f wrk with pencil and paper.
困难的问题以前总是需要用笔和纸工作数小时。
There used t be a pst ffice there. 以前在那里有一个邮局。
I used t (=wuld ften) g fishing. 我以前常去钓鱼。
We used t hear the train whistle at night. 过去我们常会在晚上听到火车的汽笛声。
He wuld sit fr hurs ding nthing. 他常常什么也不做,一坐就是好几小时。
... wuld like t V ...
结构︰主词+wuld like+(sb.)+t+原形动词
说明︰此句型意为“想要…”。wuld like 是一种表示意愿的,后接 t 引导的原形。“shuld like t ...”虽有同样的意思,但较少用于第2,3人称。
Wuld yu like t have a lk at the picture? -- Yes, I shuld very much like t.
你想瞧瞧这画吗?--是的!很想!
I wuld like t take a trip arund the wrld tward the end f this year. 我想在今年底环游世界。
I wuld like yu t meet Mr. Jnes. 我想让你见见琼斯先生。
I wuld like him t d it. 我想要他做这事。
wuld rather V1 than V2
结构︰主词+wuld rather+原形动词1…than+原形动词2…
说明︰此句型意为“宁愿…也不愿…”。wuld rather 和 than 之后都要用原形。若 than 之后的和 wuld rather 之后的相同,则 than 之后的可省略。
I’d rather take care f the stmachs f the living than (take care f) the glry f the dead in the frm f stne memrials. 我宁愿照顾活人的肚子,也不愿以石碑的形式来照顾死者的荣耀。
They wuld rather g fishing than stay at hme. 他们宁愿去钓鱼,也不愿待在家里。
I wuld rather be laughed at than quarrel with him. 我宁愿被嘲笑,也不愿和他吵架。
He wuld rather give away a pint than claim an advantage. 他宁愿送分数,也不愿要求利益。
I wuld rather fail than cheat in the examinatin. 我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊。
I wuld rather die than live in disgrace. 我宁可死,也不愿忍辱偷生。
I wuld rather remain pr than get mney by dishnest means.
我宁可安于贫穷,也不愿用不当手段赚钱。
... had better + V ...
结构︰主词+had better+原形动词…
说明︰此句型意为“最好…;还是…为好”。用 had better 来执行和一个一样的功能。“had better have+过去”表“最好已经…”之意;“had best ...”则是“以…为最佳”,比 had better… 的意思还要强调。
Yu had better cnsult a dctr sn. 你最好快点去看医生。
The pliceman said t him, "Yu’d better cme with me and tell me all abut the accident."
警察对他说:“你最好跟我来,并告诉我这次事故的经过。”
Yu had better have stayed at hme. 你留在家里那是最好。
Hadn’t yu better make a market reprt? 你不认为写一份市场报告好些吗?
Yu had better g t the factry and have a lk. 你最好到厂里去看一看。
Yu had best nt accept the ffer. 你最好是不要接纳这要求。
May yu + V ...
结构︰May+第二、三人称主词+动词原形+其他
说明︰此句型意为“祝…”。may 此处表示祝福与愿望,多用于书面语中,口语中有时也用,但显得较庄重。本的特点是:may 不是在后面,而是摆在句子开头,使全句成倒装语序,表达出祝愿的意义。
May yu recver sn! 愿您早日康复!
May yu succeed in business. 祝您生意兴隆!
May ur tw parties achieve even greater successes in ur business.
祝我们双方在生意中取得更大的成功。
may well + V ...
结构︰may well + 原形动词
说明︰此句型意为“理当…;大可…”。may 是,well 是,后接原形。若将 well 置于前面,可加强。
Yu may well find that the end f the bk is better than the beginning.
你应该会发现这本书的结尾比开头好。
Yu may well get angry with him. 你大可对他发脾气。
She is prud f her sn, and well she may. 她以儿子为傲也是应该的。
An unlimited arms race may well increase the danger f war.
无限度的武器竞赛当然会增加战争的危险性。
Since he can play many musical instruments, he may well be called a man f accmplishments.
他能演奏许多乐器,当然称得上是个多才多艺的人。
may as well + V ...
结构︰may as well+原形动词
说明︰此句型意为“最好…;不妨…”。等于 had better,但比较委婉。
We may as well leave the table after dinner is ver. 晚餐后我们不妨离开桌子。
Yu may as well keep it a secret. 你最好将这件事保密。
Yu are nt (physically) strng, s yu may as well take care f yur health.
你的体格不壮,因此最好注意健康。
as well ... as ...
结构︰may/might as well+原形动词 A+as+原形动词 B
说明︰此句型意为“与其 B 倒不如 A”。相当于“had better A than B”。“may as well ... as”实现的可能性较大,而“might as well ... as”实现的可能性较小。
Since it is raining hard, yu may as well stay here as leave.
既然雨下得这么大,你与其离开倒不如待在这儿。
Yu might as well thrw yur mney int the sea as lend it t him. 你借他钱不如把钱扔到海里去。
Yu might as well nt knw a thing at all as knw it nly a little. 只知道一点点,不如完全不晓得。
I may as well die as marry him.我与其嫁给他,倒不如去死算了。(我若嫁给他,很可能去死。)
I might as well die as marry him.
我与其嫁给他,倒不如去死算了。(我不太可能嫁给他,也不太可能去死。)
Yu might as well talk t a stne as try t argue with a stubbrn wman.
你与其跟一个倔女人争吵,还不如对一块石头说话。
Yu might as well advise me t give up my frtune as my argument.
你劝我停止辩论,倒不如劝我抛弃一切财产。
Yu might as well ask the tree fr help as request him t reduce the price.
你与其要他减价还不如求助于一棵树。
... must have V-ed ...
结构︰主词+must have+过去分词…
说明︰此句型意为“一定曾经…”。本是对过去之事做肯定之推测,而“must+原形”是对目前或将来之事做推测。
Anyway, he must have eaten a lt because nw he is fat.
无论如何,他一定吃了很多东西,因为现在他胖了。
Yu must have mistaken her fr her sister. 你一定是把她误认为是她的姊妹了。
They must have left. 他们一定是离开了。
The rubbing must have wrked. 搓揉一定是有效了。
They must have read the article. 他们一定读过这篇文章。
Yu must have seen him befre. 你以前一定见过他。
He must have frgtten my name. 他一定忘了我的名字。
He must have tld yu abut it. 他一定告诉过你这件事。
Tm must have taken yur dictinary by mistake. 汤姆一定是弄错了才拿了你的字典。
The pet must have been very yung when he wrte this pem.诗人写这首诗时一定非常年轻。
... may have V-ed ...
结构︰主词+may/might have+过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“很可能曾经…”。表示对过去之事做不太肯定的推测。而“may/might+原形”是对现在或未来事物做推测。might have 所表示的可能性要比 may have 低一些。
He may have verslept this mrning. 今天早上他或许睡过头了。
The tea is ht; he may have been here befre. 茶还热着,不久前他很可能在这里。
He may have knwn the truth; therwise he wuldn’t be s angry nw.
他当时很可能知道事情的真相,否则他不会这么生气。
The by might have knwn the truth, but I am nt quite sure.
这男孩当时也许知道真相,但我不很确定。
... cannt have V-ed ...
结构︰主词+cannt have+过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“不可能曾经…”。是对过去之事做否定的推论,此时一定要用 cannt have 或 cannt,不能使用 must nt have 或 must nt。而“cannt+原形”是对目前或将来之事做否定的推论。
She cannt have written the letter herself. 这封信不可能是她自己写的。
He is hnest, s he cannt have stlen my mney.他是个老实人,所以他不可能偷了我的钱。
He cannt have caught a cld, because I saw him dancing with Mary the same day.
他不可能感冒,因为当天我还看到他跟玛丽跳舞。
... wuld have V-ed ...
结构︰主词+wuld have+过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“原本会…但却未如此”。用以表示“与过去事实相反”的。
He wuld have attended meeting, but upn learning that he had n time, he drpped the idea.
他原本要出席会议的,但知道没有时间,就打消了这个念头。
I wuld have tld yu the truth, but yu didn’t give me a chance.
我本来要告诉你事情的真相,但是你不给我机会。
I wuld have dne it, but I had n time. 我本来要办这事的,可是没时间。
She wuld have married him, but when she learned that he was a rascal, she parted with him.
她本来会嫁给他的,但知道他是个流氓后,她就离开他了。
... culd have V-ed ...
结构︰主词+culd have+过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“原本能够…但却未如此”。
He culd have bught the car, but sn his cmpany went bankrupt.
他本来能买那辆车的,但没多久他的公司就倒闭了。
He culd have finished it n schedule, but smehw he fell behind.
他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的,但不知怎地却落后了。
I culd have dne it if I had wanted t. 如果我那时想做,我能做得到的。
... shuld have V-ed ...
结构︰主词+shuld/ught t have+过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“原本应当…但却未如此”。此表示没有实现之过去的行为、状态,含有讲话者的责难或遗憾之意。
Yu shuld have spken up in the meeting. 会谈时你实在应该发言(然而你却没有)。
He shuld at least have cme t say gd-by. 他至少也该来道个别(然而却没来)。
He ught t have kept his prmise. 他原本应该遵守自己的诺言。
Yu shuld have been mre careful in mney matters. 在钱方面,你本当更小心点的。
He ught t have arrived there by nw. 他现在应该已经到那里了。
The drama drew a capacity audience; yu shuld have gne t see it.
这出戏吸引了满场观众;你真该去看的。
I shuld have knwn better
结构︰主词+shuld have knwn better(than t+原形动词)
说明︰此句型意为“本来不应该那样笨(而…)”,是指已经做过之事,而 knw better(不致那样笨)是指未做之事。
I shuld have knwn better. 我本来不应该那样笨。
Yu shuld have knwn better than t talk like that. 你本应更懂事而不致说这样的话。
Yu shuld have knwn better than t g muntain climbing alne. 你本来不该笨得单独去爬山。
I knw better than t g swimming after dinner. 我不致笨得吃过饭就去游泳。
... need nt have V-ed ...
结构︰主词+need nt have+过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“原本不必…但却…”。表示“与过去事实相反”的,即做了没有必要做的事。而“didn’t need t+原形”则表示“过去的事实”,译为“当时不必…而且也没…”。need nt have 在中表对过去之必要性的强烈疑问,即“有…的必要吗?”。
Yu need nt have bught extra il fr this shrt trip.在这么短的旅程中,你实在没有必要多买油。
Yu need nt have gt up s early. 你不必起得那么早。
Need he have gne t the statin t meet her? 他有必要到车站去接她吗?
He need nt have cme. (But he came.) 当时他不必来。(但却来了)
He didn’t need t cme. (And he didn’t cme.) 当时他不必来。(而且也没来)
It was fine that day, s I need nt have brught an umbrella with me.
那天天气很好,我原本不必带伞的(但却带了)。
七、含代名词之句型
It is warm in ...
结构︰It is+天气+in+四季名称。
说明︰此句型意为“在某季节天气是…”。it 此处指天气=the weather; in,常加在四季名称的前面。
It is warm in spring. 春天天气是暖和的。
It is cld in winter. 冬天天气是寒冷的。
It is ht in summer. 夏天天气是炎热的。
It rains a lt in ...
结构︰It rains/snws+a lt+in+地方。
说明︰此句型意为“在某地下很多的雨/雪”。 it 可用于指“天候”,如下雨,下雪等。常放在句首,当。rain 当“下雨”解,是,a lt 当,用于修饰。相当于 very much。
It rains a lt in Taipei. 在台北下很多的雨。
It snws a lt in New Yrk. 在纽约下很多的雪。
It shwers a lt in Guangzhu. 在广州下很多阵雨。
This is my ...
结构︰This is+所有格(my/yur/…)+名词。
说明︰相当于“This+名词+is+所有代名词(mine/yurs/…)。”由“ +s”构成,如 yurs,urs,theirs,hers。但是 mine, his 二字除外,字尾不可加 s。用于代替句前已出现的,故后面不可接。不可与 a,an,the,this,that,these 或 thse 等一起使用。
This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。
This pen is mine. 这钢笔是我的。
This is yur bx. 这是你的箱子。
This bx is yurs. 这箱子是你的。
This is his bicycle. 这是他的脚踏车。
This bicycle is his. 这脚踏车是他的。
My pen is ...
结构︰所有格(My/Yur/…)+名词+be 动词+形容词。
说明︰此句型意为“某人的…是…”。相当于“所有代名词(Mine/Yurs/…)+be 动词+形容词。”译为“某人的是…”。的后面必须接。当用的,如果代替单数,则取单数;如果代替复数,则取复数。
My pen is new. 我的钢笔是新的。
Our bedrm is small. 我们的卧室是小的。
Their cars are blue. 他们的汽车是蓝色的。
Mine is new. 我的是新的。
Ours is small. 我们的是小的。
Theirs are blue. 他们的是蓝色的。
Are these yur pens?
结构︰问句:Be 动词+主词+所有格+名词…?
答句:Yes/N,主词+be/nt+所有代名词。
说明︰的和完全相同,都是在的后面加(’s)。
Are these Mary’s pens? N, they are nt hers. 这些是玛丽的笔吗?不,它们不是她的。
Are thse Bb’s bks? Yes, they’re his. 那些是鲍伯的书吗?是的,它们是他的。
Is this yur parents’ apartment? N, it’s my brther’s. 这是你双亲的公寓吗?不,它是我兄弟的。
One/Each f the ...
结构︰One/Each f the+复数名词(或代名词)+单数动词…。
说明︰此句型意为“…其中之一(每一个)…”。ne,each 为,ne (each) f 指“二者以上”的每一个;跟随 f 表示限定范围的若为,则前须加 the,若为复数 ,前面不加 the。该结构中须用单数。
One f the bys is nice. 这些男孩之中有一位是好的。
One f them needs a new jacket. 他们之中有一位需要一件新夹克。
Each f the theaters has different mvies. 每家电影院都上映不同的电影。
Bth f the girls are ...
结构︰Bth/Three/Sme/Many/All f the+复数名词(或代名词)+复数动词+…。
说明︰此句型意为“…其中两个(三个,一些,许多,全部)…”。bth,three,sme,many,all都是;若跟随 f 表示限定范围的为复数,则前不加 the。该结构中须用复数。
Bth f the girls are nice. 这两位女孩是好的。
Many f the supermarkets are having sales. 很多这些超级市场正在举行拍卖。
Three f the students came here yesterday. 这些学生中有三位昨天来这里。
... wh ...
结构︰主词(人)+关系代名词(Wh)+动词+…。
说明︰wh 是主格,引导,前面的先行词接“人”,后面接,必须和先行词保持一致。wh 可用 that 代替。
The man wh called was tired. 打电话的那个男人是疲倦的。
The by wh is speaking t Helen enjys playing sccer. 正在跟海伦谈话的那男孩喜爱踢足球。
Peple wh use their free time well are usually healthy and happy.
善于利用空闲时间的人通常健康又快乐。
... which ...
结构︰主词+动词+名词(物)+关系代名词(which)+动词…。
说明︰which 可作主格或受格,引导,前面的先行词接“动物”或“事物”,后面接,必须和先行词保持一致。
Here is a bk, which is very interesting. 这里有一本非常有趣的书。
I like t watch TV prgrams which are abut sprts.我喜欢观赏有关运动的电视节目。
They want t sell the huse, which has nly ne dr.他们想卖掉那幢只有一扇门的房子。
... by neself ...
结构︰主词(人,物)+动词+by neself…。
说明︰此句型意为“某人(物)自己…”。反身的人称、数和性别,须和相关的一致。
They went t Sua by themselves. 他们自己去苏澳。
Jhn fixed the tape recrder by himself. 约翰靠他自己修理录音机。
Yu can’t g muntain climbing by yurself. 你不能自己去登山。
... that/thse f ...
结构︰that/thse f 作为避免重复的代名词
说明︰英文句构中,两个对称而形成的情况时,为避免重复,第二个若为单数,就改为 that;若为复数,则改为 thse。不过在遇到时,可使用的形态取代 that 或 thse。
The ppulatin f Tky is larger than that f Lndn. 东京的人口比伦敦的多。
The climate here is like that f Taipei. 这儿的气候和台北非常相似。
His children are well bred, whereas thse f his sister are naughty.
他的孩子很有教养,但他姊姊的孩子却调皮得很。
The students wrk harder than thse f ur schl. 这些学生比我们学校的学生用功。
His car is bigger than mine. 他的车比我的大。
the frmer ... the latter
结构︰the frmer ... the latter ...
说明︰此句型意为“前者…后者…”。可代替单复数,而“that(指前者)… this(指后者)…”或“the ne(指前者)…the ther(指后者)…”,只能代替单数。若两个均为复数时,也可用“thse ... these ...”取代“the frmer ... the latter ...”。
Virtue and vice are tw different things: the frmer/that/the ne leads t peace, the latter/this/the ther t misery. 美德与邪恶是不同的,前者带来和平,后者导致痛苦。
Man differs frm beasts in that the frmer is able t laugh, while the latter aren’t.
人不同于野兽,因前者能笑,而后者却不能。
Jane and Mary are gd friends; the frmer is a teacher, the latter is a nurse.
珍和玛丽是好朋友,前者是老师,后者是护士。
Dgs are mre faithful animals than cats; these attach themselves t places, and thse t persns.
狗比猫忠心,后者依恋地方,前者依恋人。
... ne ..., the ther ...
结构︰…tw+复数名词,ne…the ther…
说明︰此句型意为“一个…另一个…”。用于限定的两者,只有在“tw+复数”之后才能使用。
I have tw aunts; ne lives in Tky and the ther in Osaka.
我有两个姑妈;一个住在东京,另一个住在大阪。
I have tw dgs; ne is white, and the ther is brwn.我有两条狗;一条白色的,一条棕色的。
The tw brthers ften quarrel with each ther; ne is stubbrn, and the ther (is) selfish.
这两兄弟经常吵架;一个很固执,另一个则很自私。
I dn’t like this ne; shw me the ther.
我不喜欢这个,给我看另一个。(暗示:这种东西只有两种)
... ne ..., anther ...
结构︰…three+复数名词,ne…anther…and the ther…
说明︰此句型意为“一个…一个…而另一个…”。用于限定的三者,只能在“three+复数”之后使用。
There are three rms; ne is mine, anther is my sister’s and the ther is my parents’.
有三间房间:一间是我的,一间是我妹妹的,剩下的一间是我父母的。
He has three brthers; ne is a teacher, anther (is) a sldier, and the ther an artist.
他有三个兄弟:一个是老师,一个是军人,而另一个是艺术家。
They three get alng well with ne anther; ne is married, anther is still a bachelr, and the ther has a girl friend. 他们三人彼此相处愉快;一个已婚,一个仍是光棍,而另一个则已有了女友。
... ne ... anther ...
结构︰... ne ... anther ...
说明︰此句型意为“一个…而另一个…”。若有三者以上,而未加以限定时,则可使用本。
I dn’t like this ne; shw me anther. 我不喜欢这个,给我看另一个。(暗示:这种东西至少有三种以上)
At ne time, she is fine, but at anther, she is abnrmal. 有时候,她表现得很好,有时候又失常。
I really dn’t knw what kind f man he really is; n ne ccasin, he is nrmal, and n anther, he acts like a lunatic. 我真不了解他到底是怎样的人;一会儿正常,一会儿又像个疯子。
... ne thing, ... anther
结构︰... is ne thing, and ... is anther
说明︰此句型意为“…是一回事,而…又是另一回事”。
T knw is ne thing; t teach is quite anther. 知道是一回事,教又是另一回事。(学者未必是良师。)
It is ne thing t make mney, and it is anther t spend it. 赚钱是一回事,而花钱又是另一回事。
Saying is ne thing, and ding is anther. 说是一回事,做又是另一回事。
... ne ... r anther ...
结构︰ne+名词+r anther
说明︰此句型意为“某一…”。本等于“sme++r ther”。
Mst f us have t read a certain amunt f material fr ne reasn r anther.
我们大多数人必须为某种理由阅读若干的数据。
He was absent frm the meeting fr ne reasn r anther.他为某种理由而没有出席会议。
I am sure he will succeed ne day r anther. 我确信某一天他会成功的。
Fr ne reasn r anther, she cmmitted suicide. 不知什么原因,她自杀了。
... sme ... thers ...
结构︰... sme ... thers ...
说明︰此句型意为“一些…而另一些…”。用于非限定的众群,相当于“sme ... sme ...”。
Sme f us value peace and cmfrt very highly. Others value pleasure and excitement.
我们有些人非常重视安宁与舒适,有些人重视快乐与刺激。
Sme f us can speak English. Others/Sme can speak French.
我们有些人会说英语,有些人会说法语。
Sme peple believe in Gd and thers dn’t. 有人相信上帝;有人则不相信。
T sme life means pleasure, t thers suffering.
对一些人来说,人生的意义是享乐,对另外一些人来说则是受苦。
... ne ... the thers ...
结构︰... ne/sme ... the thers ...
说明︰此句型意为“一个/一些…其余…”。用于限定的三者以上。
We have 30 students in ur class; ne passed the exam, and the thers (=the rest) all failed.
我们班上有三十位学生,只有一位通过考试,其余都不及格。
Of the 40 students, sme d well in study, and the thers are playing arund.
四十个学生中,有一些功课很好,其余的都很混。
Sme f the bys were late, but all the thers were in time fr the meeting.
男孩子中,有一些迟到了,但其余的人都及时赶上开会。
..., sme ..., thers ...
结构︰... sme ... thers ... still thers ...
说明︰此句型意为“一些…一些…而另一些…”。用于非限定的众多群,相当于“sme ... sme ... sme ...”。
Peple vary in taste; sme lve music, sme enjy taking pictures, and still thers are fnd f climbing muntains. 每个人嗜好不同,有人喜欢音乐,有人喜欢摄影,还有些人喜欢爬山。
Sciety is made up f a variety f peple; sme are gd, thers (are) bad, and still thers (are) in between.社会是由形形色色的人组成。有些人很好,有些人很坏,也有些人介乎两者之间。
There are many peple in the park; sme are walking, thers are jgging, and still thers are ding exercises. 公园里有很多人,有的在散步,有的在慢跑,还有的在做操。
Of all (the) ..., ...
结构︰Of all(the)+复数名词,主词+动词…
说明︰此句型意为“在所有…之中…”。all 之后有 the,表示“所有这些…”,是特定的观念;all 之后没有 the,表示“所有的”,是泛指的观念。
Of all the fibers nw used by man, a very large percentage is man-made.
现在人类所使用的所有纤维之中,有很大的百分比是人造的。
Of all bks, the Bible seems t be read mst widely. 在所有的书中,圣经是最广泛地被阅读的。
Of all the students in ur schl, Tm is mathematical genius.
在我们学校所有的学生之中,汤姆是数学天才。
八、含关系词之句型
... + N + wh/which ...
结构︰…+名词+wh/whm/which/that…
说明︰有 wh,whm,which 三种,均用以引导,修饰前面的。修饰人用 wh 或 whm;修饰物用 which。that 可用来取代 wh,whm 或 which,但须注意其前不可置,也不可有逗点,that 之前若有,则不受逗点限制。作受格的 whm, which,that 在限定修饰的句构中可以省略。
Never trust a man wh (that) breaks his wrd easily. 不要信任一个常常食言的人。
He laughs best wh laughs last. 最后笑者笑得最好。
He is a man n whm I can rely. 他是我可以信赖的那一种人。
N ne will buy a bk which (that) is prly written. 没有人会买一本写得很烂的书。
I have fund the bicycle which (that) yu lst yesterday.我发现了你昨天丢的那辆脚踏车。
I like my schl, which is famus fr its excellent facilities. 我喜欢我的学校,它以优良的设备出名。
Vlleyball is a sprt f which I am very fnd. 排球是我很喜欢的运动。
He is a gd by, as far as I knw, that (whm) yu can trust. 据我所知,他是个好男孩,你可以相信他。
There are many things that mney can’t buy. 有很多东西是金钱买不到的。
Dn’t take things that d nt belng t yu. 不要拿不属于你的东西。
... + N + whse ...
结构︰…+名词+whse…
说明︰whse 为关系,系由 his,her,their,my,yur 以及 its 等变化而成,引导。
Peple whse hmes are in twn want t live in the cuntry.住在市区里的人希望住在乡下。
This is a shrt stry whse easy style I lve very much. 这是一则短篇小说,我很喜欢它那简单的笔调。
I envy Mike, whse car is fancy. 真羡慕麦克,他的车子真漂亮。
... thse wh + V ...
结构︰thse+wh+动词
说明︰此句型意为“(那些)…的人”。thse 在此是泛指一般的人。
Christmas is a time fr friends and family members t see each ther again and t send Christmas cards t thse wh live far away. 圣诞节是朋友家人互相再见,以及寄圣诞卡给住在远方的人的一段时间。
Gd helps thse wh help themselves. 自助者神助之。
We can talk t thse wh live far away by telephne.我们可以用电话和住在远处的人说话。
Thse wh abandn themselves t despair can nt succeed.那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。
There is n easy way t d business, and nly thse wh d their best t win clients can win business. 做生意无快捷方式可走,只有那些千方百计赢得客户的人才能赢得生意。
... all (that) ...
结构︰... all (that) ...
说明︰此句型意为“所有…的一切东西”。all 等于 everything;that 为,代替 all。that 在所引导的中若做时,不可省略,但若做,则往往予以省略。all that 往往可视为 what 看待。
All (that) he said is true. 他说的都是真的。
We must d all that is t be dne. 我们必须做该做的事。
All (What) yu have t d is (t) fllw me. 你所必须要做得就是跟着我。
All (that) I want is a beautiful red car. 我所要的就是一辆美丽的红色车子。
All that he des, he des it well. 他做任何事都很出色。
All that yu d, d with yur might. 做任何事都应不遗余力。
All yu have t d is call n the huse phne. 我只要做的就是拨个室内电话。
All yu have t d is learn it by heart. 你只要做的就是把它背出来。
All I have t d is persuade him t g with us. 我只要做的就是说服他跟我们一起去。
... all + N + that ...
结构︰…all/any/every/n+名词+that…
说明︰all,any,every,n 若修饰,该之后的一般要用 that 取代 wh,whm,which。
All the students that wrk hard can definitely pass the exam. 用功的学生必能通过考试。
I have n disk that may interest yu. 我没有一张唱片能引起你的兴趣。
Every student that cmes here shuld reprt t me. 每一个到这里来的学生都应向我报告。
Dn’t d anything that shuld g against his will. 不要做违背他心意的事。
... the nly N that ...
结构︰…the nly/the very/the first/the last+名词+that…
说明︰the nly,the very,the first,the last 若修饰,该之后的一般要用 that 取代 wh,whm,which。
Man is the nly creature that is gifted with speech. 人类是唯一被赋予语言能力的动物。
He is the last persn that I’ll get alng with. 他是我最不愿与之相处的人。
He is the very persn that knws the passwrd. 只有他知道密码。
... the mst N that ...
结构︰形容词最高级+名词+that…
说明︰的修饰时,该之后的一般要用 that 取代 wh,whm, which。
This is the mst interest bk that I have ever read. 这是我念过的最有趣的书。
Yu are the mst beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 你是我见过的最美丽的女孩。
This is the mst cnvincing evidence that I can find t prve my pint.
这是我所能找到的最令人信服的证据,以证明我的观点。
Wh/What ... that ...
结构︰疑问词(wh,what 等)…+that…
说明︰为避免与疑问词重复,可使用 that 取代 wh,whm,which。
Wh is the by that is standing ver there? 站在那里的男孩是谁?
What is the bk abut that she is reading? 她在看什么书?
Where is the man that wes yu $100? 那个欠你一百块的人住在哪里?
what ... V ...
结构︰what+(主词)+动词…
说明︰此句型意为“…的东西”。what 是,等于 the thing which。不论“what+…”或“what++”,都是。“what++be”译成“…的样子/情况”。
That’s what’s plluting the lake. 那就是污染湖水的东西。
What d yu guess is in the bx? 你猜箱子里有什么?
This is what he wanted. 这就是他要的东西。
Character is what we are when we are alne with urselves in the dark.
品德就是自我在暗地里独处时的样子。
Jhn is nt what he was. 约翰不是以前那样的约翰了。
Withut Mr. Chang, I wuld nt be what I am.如果没有张先生的话,我就不会有现在的样子。
... what + be + called ...
结构︰…what+be+called…
说明︰此句型意为“所谓的…”。等于“what+we/yu/they+call”。
He gathered earlier writings t prepare what are called the Five Classics.
他搜集以前的作品,编成了所谓的五经。
He is very interested in what are called ppular sngs. 他对所谓的流行歌曲很感兴趣。
We shuld imprve what is called the quality f living.我们应该改进所谓的生活质量。
He is what yu call a “walking dictinary”. 他就是你所谓的“活字典”。
What we d is + V ...
结构︰What+主词+d+is+动词…
说明︰此句型意为“…所要做的就是…”。之后一定用 d;至于,可以看成是 t+的 t 被省略了。
What we can nt d is make a clud prduce rain if it is nt ready t prduce it.
我们所办不到的是要使云产生雨,如果它不是随时要产生雨的话。
What yu have t d is say (put) in a gd wrd fr me.你所必须做的就是为我美言几句。
What we need t d is prepare smething t eat. 我们所需要的就是准备一些吃的。
... what is said abve ...
结构︰…what is said abve…
说明︰此句型意为“上面所说的”。
As we learn frm what is said abve, the tides can be very useful.
依照上面所说的,我们知道潮汐可以是非常有帮助的。
Frm what is said abve, we can draw a cnclusin. 由上面所说的,我们可以做一个结论。
We shuld pay mre attentin t what is said abve. 我们应该更加注意上面所说的。
What fllws is ...
结构︰What fllws+be 动词…
说明︰此句型意为“以下(跟着来的)是…”。What fllws 是。若要表达其他的意思,可以把 fllws 换成别的。
What fllws is sme excerpts f the famus speech he delivered in Washingtn D.C.
以下是他在华府所发表的那篇著名的演讲中的一些摘录。
What fllws is the truth that men are created equal. 以下是人生而平等的真理。
What fllws is the prcess f his being awarded the Nbel Peace Prize in 1964.
以下是他被颁赠一九六四年诺贝尔和平奖的过程。
... what little + N
结构︰…what little+不可数名词
说明︰此句型意为“所有的一点点…”。等于 all the little。
His mther sent him what little mney she had saved.他的母亲把所有仅存的钱都寄给他了。
I’ll let yu share what little infrmatin I have cllected. 我会让你分享我所搜集的仅有的一些资料。
She was rbbed f what little mney she had. 她仅有的一点儿钱都被抢了。
The little by use what little strength he had t push the dr pen.这小男孩使劲地把门推开。
A is t B what C is t D.
结构︰A is t B what C is t D.
说明︰此句型意为“A 之于 B 犹如 C 之于 D”。等于“A is t B as C is t D.”或“What C is t D (that) A is t B”或“As C is t D s is A t B”。这是为了让人明白 A 与 B 的关系,而利用人所熟知的 C 与 D 的关系来比喻的句法。what 是“A is t B”之 be 的。
Exercise is t the bdy what thinking is t the brain.
运动和身体的关系,如同思考和头脑的关系。
What lungs are t the animal, leaves are t the plant.
就像肺是动物所不可缺的一样,叶子也是植物所不可或缺的。
As water is t the plant, s are bks t me. 书和我的关系正如同水和植物的关系。
what with ... and ...
结构︰what with ... and (what with) ...
说明︰此句型意为“一方面因为…一方面因为…”。等于“half thrugh ... (half thrugh) ...”、“partly because (f) ... (partly because (f)) ...”。
What with laziness and (what with) illness, he lst his jb. 一方面因为懒,一方面因为生病,他丢了工作。
What with the wind and what with the rain, ur trip was ruined.
又是刮风又是下雨,我们的旅游都给搞砸了。
What with the high prices, and what with the badness f the times, we find it hard t get alng.
部分因为物价高涨,部分因为时机不好,生活真是愈来愈难过了。
... the same + N + as ...
结构︰…the same+名词+as…
说明︰此句型意为“与…相同的”。as 做准(既当又做用),相当于“as the+前面的+(wh,whm,which)引导的”。
I want the same camera as yu have. 我想要一只和你一样的照相机。
He is the same persn as came here yesterday. 他就是昨天来这里的那个人。
He is nt the same man as he used t be. 他已不是当年的他了。
... such + N + as ...
结构︰…such+名词+as…
说明︰此句型意为“像…一样的”。是以 as 以下的人、物、动作、状态等为对象,比较有关种类、性质、程度、范围等。as 做准(既当又做用),相当于“as the+前面的+(wh,whm,which)”引导的。
Such peple as are friendly are easy t apprach. 亲切之人容易接近。
He is nt such a bad guy as yu (are). 他不是那种和你一样的坏家伙。
Such a gd student as he (is) will succeed. 像他这样的好学生一定会成功。
... such ... as ...
结构︰such+复数名词+as+名词…
说明︰此句型意为“像…的…;…这一类的”。as 后的有多个,表示举例说明。
Frm animals we get such materials as wl, silk, leather and furs.
从动物我们得到像羊毛、丝、皮革、与毛皮这样的材料。
At his birthday party, I met such peple as prfessr, scientist and actr.
在他的生日宴会上,我遇到了像教授、科学家和演员的人。
Yu shuld eat such vegetables as carrt, celery and spinach.
你应该吃胡萝卜、芹菜和菠菜这类的蔬菜。
... such as ...
结构︰主词+动词…复数名词+such as 名词1,名词2 and 名词3
说明︰此句型意为“…例如…”。such as 引导的部分是作为的补充说明。
Acid rain is harmful t amphibians such as salamanders, spring peepers, and frgs.
酸雨是有害于两栖的动物,例如鲵、春天里唧唧叫的小动物和青蛙。
In this paragraph there are many nuns, such as by, girl, and bk.
这一段里面有很多名词,例如男孩、女孩和书本。
I knw many f them, such as Jhn, Peter, and Tm.
我认识他们当中的很多人,例如约翰、彼得和汤姆。
They may chse t study freign languages, advanced mathematics r science, such as physics r chemistry. 他们可以选择学习外国语文、高等数学或像物理、化学的科学。
We have different pies, such as apple, cherry, and strawberry pies.
我们有不同的派,例如苹果、樱桃和草莓派。
Many things pllute water, such as tires, trash, and plastic bags.
很多东西使水污染,例如轮胎、垃圾和塑料袋。
as is ften the case ...
结构︰as/which is ften the case (with) ...
说明︰此句型意为“…是常有的情形”。这是当的 as 以全体当先行词的,可以用 which 代替 as。
He was late fr schl, as (which) was ften the case with him.
他上学迟到,但这对他而言已是家常便饭了。
As is ften the case with ld peple, my grandfather is fnd f talking abut gd ld days.
就像其他老人一样,我祖父也老喜欢讲他当年的故事。
He quarreled with his friends, as was the ften the case. 他和朋友吵架,但这已屡见不鲜。
There is n + N + but ...
结构︰There is n+名词+but…
说明︰此句型意为“无…而不”。but 做准(既当又做用),相当于“wh/whm/which…nt…”。
There is n ne but is (=wh is nt) cncerned abut his future. 没有人不关心自己的未来。
There is nthing but he can d. (=There is nthing that he can’t d.) 没有他做不到的事。
There is n rule but has exceptins. (=There is n rule that desn’t have exceptins.)
每一种规则都有例外。
There is n ne but wishes t get smewhere. 没有人不希望将来能有所成就。
There is n man but has his faults. 没有人没有缺点。
... N + where ...
结构︰…地方名词+where…
说明︰此句型意为“…的地方”。where 是,由“+ which”变化而成,引导,修饰。在限定修饰的句构中,可保留 where,而将前面的省略。
There are sme cuntries where (=in which) the supply f fuel is very limited.
有些国家的燃料供应非常有限。
He went t the statin, where (=at which) he met his father.他到车站去,见到了他父亲。
That’s (the place) where he spent mst f his life. 那里就是他度过大半生的地方。
... reach the pint where
结构︰... reach the pint + where ...
说明︰此句型意为“到了…的地步”。reach 可以换成 cme t(到达)。
Things reached the pint where the tw grups sat n ppsite sides f the church, glaring acrss the aisle. 事情到了两群人马各坐在教堂里相对的两边,隔着通道怒目相视的地步。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.
他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。
Nise is cming t the pint where we can’t put up with it.
噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。
... N + when ...
结构︰…时间名词+(when)…
说明︰此句型意为“…的时候”。when 是,由“+ which”变化而成,引导,修饰。在限定修饰的句构中,可保留 when,而将前面的省略;也可将 when 省略。
Tell me (the exact time) when the next train will arrive.告诉我下一班火车抵达的正确时刻。
She came in June, when (=in which) it was very ht. 她六月来,那时天气非常热。
The last time (when) I saw him, he was quite well. 最后一次看到他时,他还相当健康。
... the reasn why ...
结构︰... the reasn + why ...
说明︰此句型意为“…的理由”。why 是,由“+ which”变化而成,引导,修饰。可保留 why,而将前面的省略;也可将 why 省略。the reasn why 无非限定用法,即 why 之前不可以加逗点。
Please tell me the reasn why (=fr which) yu were absent. 请告诉我你为什么缺席。
Tell me the reasn (why) he refused t listen t my advice.告诉我为何他拒绝听从我的劝告。
That’s (the reasn) why he cried. 那就是他为何哭的原因。
... the way hw ...
结构︰... the way + hw ...
说明︰此句型意为“…的方法”。hw 是,由“+ which”变化而成,引导,修饰。可保留 hw,而将前面的省略;也可将 hw 省略。the way hw 无非限定用法,即 hw 之前不可以加逗点。
I dn’t knw the way hw (=in which) he did it. 我不知道他是以何种方法做这事的。
That’s the way (hw) he treats peple. 那就是他的待人之道。
I knw (the way) hw he did it. 我知道他是以何种方法做这事的。
... whever/whmever ...
结构︰... whever/whmever ...
说明︰此句型意为“任何…的人”。whever 是,可做或,等于 anyne wh; whmever 也是,但只能做,等于 anyne whm。
Whever cmmits the crime shall be sentenced t ten years in prisn.
任何人犯了此罪就要被判处十年徒刑。
I’ll teach English t whever wants t learn it. 谁想学英文,我就教他。
I hate whever lies. 我痛恨任何一个说谎的人。
I like whmever yu like. 你喜欢的人,我都喜欢。
Yu may dance with whmever yu like at the dancing party. 舞会上你想跟谁跳舞就跟谁跳。
... whatever ...
结构︰... whatever ...
说明︰此句型意为“任何…的事”。whatever 是,可做或,等于 anything which。
Whatever she says is true. 她所说的都是实话。
They d whatever they are ding--all ut.他们做任何他们所做的事--都是全力以赴。
Yu can’t always d whatever yu like. 你不能老是做任何你喜欢的事。
Whatever my mther cks is t my liking. 妈妈做的菜我都喜欢。
Whatever it is. 任何存在的东西都是存在的。
... whichever ...
结构︰... whichever ...
说明︰此句型意为“(同一类的)任何…的东西”。whichever 是,等于 any ne which。与 whatever 的用法完全相同,只不过 whichever 是指同一类的任何一项,而 whatever则指不同类的任何一项。
I have three cars, and yu may have whichever yu like. 我有三辆车,你可以挑一辆你喜欢的。
I have a car, a huse and an rchard and yu may have whatever yu like best.
我有一辆车,一栋房子和一座果园,你可以挑一样你最喜欢的。
These pictures can be kept fr free. Yu may take whichever yu like.
这些画可免费拥有。你喜欢哪一幅就拿哪一幅。
九、否定句型
I am nt ...
结构︰主词+be 动词(am/are/is)+nt+…。
说明︰在肯定句中 be 的后面加 nt 就构成。
I am nt a student. 我不是学生。
Yu are nt a lawyer. 你不是律师。
It is nt a watch. 它不是手表。
I am nt + V-ing.
结构︰主词+am(are/is)+nt+现在分词…。
说明︰此句型意为“(人,物)不是正在…”。要构成的,只需在 be 后面加 nt。
They are nt playing. 他们不是正在玩。
She is nt watching TV. 她不是正在看电视。
We are nt cleaning the rm. 我们不是正在打扫房间。
I dn’t + V ...
结构︰主词+dn’t/desn’t+原形动词+…。
说明︰此句型意为“不(没有)做某事”。肯定句中,如有一般(speak/wrk/teach/…),则在一般前加 dn’t 或 desn’t,并将一般改为原形(不加s或es),即构成。
I dn’t have any brthers. 我没有任何的兄弟。
He desn’t knw Mr. Brwn. 他不认识布朗先生。
My mther desn’t speak English. 我母亲不会讲英语。
I wasn’t ...
结构︰主词+was/were+nt+形容词+过去时间。
说明︰此句型意为“不是…”。was,were 是 be 动词的,当句中出现以下()时,常用过去式:ag,befre,yesterday(mrning,afternn,evening), last night,the ther day,in the past,just nw…。 在 was,were 后面加 nt,即构成 be 过去式的;将 was,were 移到句首,w 改为大写,句点改为问号,即构成 be 过去式的。
Tm was nt busy yesterday. 汤姆昨天不忙。
We were nt at hme yesterday. 我们昨天不在家。
It was nt ht yesterday afternn. 昨天下午天气不热。
The bys were sick yesterday. 这些男孩昨天生病。
It was cld last winter. 去年冬天天气寒冷。
Was yur brther early t class yesterday mrning? 你弟弟昨天早晨上课早到吗?
I didn’t + V ...
结构︰主词+didn’t+原形动词+…过去时间。
说明︰本句型的肯定形式是:“+过去式(+ed)+…过去时间”;将肯定句中的过去式改为“did nt(=didn’t)+原形”,即构成过去式的。
He didn’t clean the rm yesterday. 他昨天没打扫房间。
She washed the skirt yesterday. 她昨天洗这裙子。
Tm didn’t watch TV last night. 汤姆昨晚没看电视。
He talked t his sister after lunch. 午餐后,他跟他的妹妹谈话。
They didn’t ck lunch fr their grandfather yesterday.他们昨天没有为他们的祖父做午饭。
Mary cleaned the rm this mrning. 玛丽今天早晨打扫了房间。
Jhn didn’t get up early this mrning. 约翰今天早晨没有早起床。
Tm didn’t irn his shirt yesterday. 汤姆昨天没有熨衬衣。
My mther didn’t water the garden last week. 我母亲上星期没有给花园里浇水。
I have nt + V-ed ...
结构︰主词+have/has+nt+过去分词+…。
说明︰在 have(has)的后面加“nt”形成的否定式。
I have nt heard frm Jhn fr a lng time. 我好久没有收到约翰的来信了。
She has nt read tday’s newspaper. 她还没有看今天的报纸。
They have nt seen that mvie n televisin. 他们还没看过电视上的那部影片。
There is n + N/V-ing ...
结构︰There+be+n/nt a/nt any+名词/动名词(+副词)
说明︰这是表示存在的型。否定词用 n,也可用 nt a 或 nt any。nt a 后面跟单数;nt any 跟复数;n 后面的单复数都可以。其中以 nt a 所表示的否定较强。如果带有各种,通常是地点置于的前面。
There was nthing t buy in the stre. There were n shirts, n vests, n jeans, and n pajamas. 那家商店里没什么可买的。那里没有衬衫,没有背心,没有牛仔裤,也没有睡衣。
There was nt a mment t be lst. 分秒必争。
There is n denying the fact. 事实决不能否认。
(There must be) N talking in here! 这儿不许讲话。
N smking (within these walls)! (场内)禁烟!
There is n such + N
结构︰There is n such+名词
说明︰此句型意为“没有这样的…”。
There was n such club. 没有这样的俱乐部。
There is n such man in ur neighbrhd. 在我们的邻近没有这样的人。
There is n such bk as yu want. 没有像你所要的这种书。
I am away frm ...
结构︰用肯定的陈述句形式来表达否定意义
说明︰这主要是通过某些含有否定意义的词汇来表示,如:ff,ut f,far frm,away frm, refuse 等,以及含有否定意义的词缀的词汇,如:dislike,unhappy,impssible 等。
Mr. Jnes is away frm Taipei. 琼斯先生已不在台北。
The prject is far frm perfect. 这项企划很不完美。
The manager is ut f the ffice. 经理不在办公室。
They shun persnal fame and gains.他们不计个人名利。(shun 原义为“避开”,引伸为“不要”)
I dislike this student very much. 我顶讨厌这个学生。
... far frm ...
结构︰... far frm ...
说明︰表“离…很远”,后面接做;但 far frm 可置于句首做,表“非但不…”,以做;若置于 be 之后,则视为,表“一点也不”,后面接或。
It is far frm my intentin t d such a thing. 我根本不想做这种事。
I live far away frm my schl. 我住的地方离学校很远。
Far frm wrking hard, he played arund. 他非但不用功,反而到处鬼混。
Far frm accepting my advice, he went back n me.他非但不接受我的劝告,反而背叛了我。
His explanatin was far frm satisfactry. 他的解释一点也不令人满意。
I am far frm blaming him. 我并不是在责备他。
Far frm lsing mney, he can hardly cunt his prfits. 他哪里是在赔钱,他几乎无法计算其利润呢!
He is far frm well. 他并不健康。
It is far frm the truth. 这哪里是事实。
It is free frm + N ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+free frm+名词…
说明︰此句型意为“没有…”。本须置于 be 之后,等于 withut,以做其。
He leads a life (which is) free frm care. 他过着无忧无虑的生活。
The hill is cmpletely free frm trees. 这个山丘上一棵树也没有。
This city is free frm thieves. 这个城市没有盗贼。
When her sn returned she was at last free frm anxiety.她儿子回来了,她总算解除了忧虑。
I tld him nt t g.
结构︰…nt+非述语成分
说明︰本的述语是肯定形式,nt 加在句中其他成分上,可以否定、或。 nt 用以否定非述语成分,主要是用在两种情形:一是不这样安排 nt,就会改变句子的意义;二是用于含有对比的叙述中。
I tld him nt t g. 我告诉了他,叫他不要去。
He ges t schl nt by bus, but n ft. 他去上学不是乘公共汽车,而是走路去的。
Nt a cntract was t be signed. 连一个合同也没签。
The teacher tld him nt t make such a mistake again. 老师叫他不要再犯这样的错误。
I went t see my friend ff, nt t meet him. 我是去送朋友,不是去接他。
He felt srry fr nt cming t the meeting n time. 他为没有准时到会感到很抱歉。
N + N + V ...
结构︰N+单数名词+肯定式动词…
说明︰此句型意为“没有一…”。此“N+”的 N 是“Nt a(没有一个)”之意,有时“N+”是“N+ther+”之意。
N animal f the hrscpe is cnsidered dumb r ugly r evil.
天宫图上的动物没有一种被认为是愚笨的或丑陋的或邪恶的。
N student in this schl is frm the suthern part f Taiwan.
这个学校没有一个学生是来自南台湾的。
N grammar bk is mre ppular than this ne with senir high schl students.
没有(别的)一本文法书比这一本更受高中生的欢迎。
I dn’t think ...
结构︰主词+否定式动词+副词/that-子句
说明︰如果否定的是后面的或,通常是将否定词提前移到述语中去,其意义仍然是表示否定后面的部分。像 I think,I believe,I suppse,I feel,I see 等词语引出否定的时,大多是将 nt 放在述语部分。在口语中,尤其是这样。
I dn’t think it’s right t make such a hasty decisin.我认为如此仓促地做出决定是不正确的。
I dn’t think this is wrth trying. 我看这是不值得一试的。
Many peple dn’t think it is dangerus t g muntain climbing.很多人认为爬山并不危险。
I still dn’t see the pint yu emphasized. 我仍然弄不清楚你所强调的要点。
I dn’t see any pint f playing vide games all day.我看不出整天打电动玩具有什么意义。
I dn’t believe that he will cme tnight. 我认为他今晚不会来。
I’m nt feeling very well tday, I can’t attend the meeting. 我今天感到不怎么舒服,我不能参加会议了。
He did nt cme here in rder t attend the meeting. 他来这里决不是要参加会议的。
All is nt ...
结构︰all/bth/every…+nt…
说明︰此句型意为“并非一切…都是”。含有全体意义的和如 all,every(及其派生词), bth,always,altgether,entirely,whlly 等,用于否定结构时不是表示全部被否定,而只表示其中的一部分被否定。也可将 nt 置于 all,every 等词的前面。
All is nt gld that glitters. (=All that glitters is nt gld.) 闪闪发光者并非都是金子。
Nt all the students study hard. 并非所有的学生都用功念书。
I dn’t knw all f them. 我并不都认识他们。
The rich are nt always happy. 富人未必一定幸福。
A kind man is nt always patient. 心肠好的人未必总是有耐心。
His deeds d nt always agree with his wrds. 他的言行并非总是一致。
Nbdy can always have gd luck. 没有人始终能够有好运。
A wise man desn’t knw everything. 智者并非每一件事都懂。
Every ne cannt becme businessman. 不是所有的人都能成为商人。
Such a prduct is nt fund everywhere. 这样的产品不是随处可以找到的。
Nt bth f his sisters agree t his suggestin. 他两个姊姊并未都同意他的提议。
Bth items are nt fashinable. 两个品种并不都很时髦。
I dn’t like bth f them. 他们两人我并不都喜欢。
Nt bth the artists have a keen eye fr beauty. 这两位艺术家并非都有审美的眼光。
Nt bth Peter and Jhn enjy music. 并非彼得与约翰都喜欢音乐。
He desn’t whlly agree t the plan. 他并不完全同意这项计划。
... nt necessarily ...
结构︰... nt necessarily ...
说明︰此句型意为“未必是…”。nt necessary 是"不必要的"。
The name f a restaurant wn’t necessarily tell yu much abut the fd it serves.
餐厅的名字未必能告诉你很多它所供应的食物。
A gd bk des nt necessarily sell well. 好书未必畅销。
This is nt necessarily the best. 这未必是最好的。
Learned men are nt necessarily wise. 博学者未必都是聪明的。
A her is nt necessarily ne wh has dne brave things. 英雄未必是做过勇敢之事的人。
The strngest man des nt necessarily live the lngest. 最强壮的人未必活得最久。
N/nne ... + V ...
结构︰n/nne 等否定词+肯定式动词…
说明︰本表示全体否定。否定词 n,nne,nbdy,nthing,nwhere,nhw,neither, never 等本身就是绝对的否定意义,虽是肯定形式,但整个句子仍表达否定的意义,常译做“任何…都不”,“大家都不…”,“全都没有…”,“任何时候都不…”,“无论何处都不…”等。这些否定词引导的词组大多做,也可做和。
N buyers can buy this srt f prduct. 任何买主都不能购买这种产品。
Neither f my parents enjys music. 我父母都不喜欢音乐。
I like neither f the designs. (=I dn’t like either f the designs.)这两个花样我都不喜欢。
Nne f the three is a gd student (are gd students). 这三人都不是好学生。
Nthing wrth ding is easy. 值得做的事没有容易做的。
Nthing is impssible t a willing mind. 有志的人没有做不到的事。
Nthing is changeless. 没有一成不变的东西。
Nbdy is withut faults. 没有人是没有缺点的。
He never gets up early. 他从未早起过。
The bk is nwhere t be had. 这本书什么地方都买不到。
All + V + un...
结构︰all/bth/every 等+肯定式动词+含否定意义的单词…
说明︰此句型意为“一切…都不”。all,every 等词在本句型中表示全部否定,其否定意义不是通过述语 ,而是通过句子其他成分中含有否定意义的单词表达出来的。
All gds here are unsaleable. 这里的一切货物都是卖不出去的。
All his plan came t nthing. 他的一切计划都没有实现。
Every selling plan made by him is impssible f executin. 他所做的一切销售计划都是不能实现的。
We all disbelieved what he prmised. 对于他的许诺我们全都不相信。
Their quarrels abut the trivia are always interminable. 他们对琐事的争吵总是没完没了。
... nt ..., neither ...
结构︰(前句)否定句,+(后句)nr/neither+肯定式动词+主词…
说明︰后句是补充的否定,因为以 n,neither 开头,所以要采用倒装句构。
She has n experience in typing, nr des the skill interest her.
她没有打字经验,那种技术也引不起她的兴趣。
Yu can’t cancel the cntract, nr can I, nr can anybdy else.
你不能撤约,我也不能,任何人都不能。
The first isn’t gd, and neither is the secnd. 第一个不是好的,第二个也不好。
Yu did nt see the teacher, neither did I. 你没有看见老师,我也没有。
... nt ... still ...
结构︰主词+否定式动词…+much less/still less+名词词组/子句
说明︰much less 或 still less 引导的或,表示一种追加的否定。less 是由 little 的否定意义而来的,所以只能用于,一般译做“更无;更不”。
She cannt buy daily necessities, much less luxuries.
她连生活必需品都不能买,更不用说奢侈品。
He can hardly run a mile, much less the marathn.他连一哩都跑不了,更不用说马拉松了。
I did nt even see him, still less talk with him.我看也没看见他,更不用说跟他谈过话了。
..., t say nthing f ...
结构︰主词+否定式动词…;+t say nthing f+名词(子句)
说明︰此句型意为“更不用说;更不待言”。t say nthing f 可用 nt t speak f,nt t mentin等代替。
He des nt knw English, t say nthing f German r French.
他不懂英文,更不要说德文和法文了。
At that time they culd nt prduce rdinary garments, nt t speak f high-grade nes.
那时他们连普通衣服都不能生产,更不要说高级的了。
We can’t affrd a car, nt t mentin the fact that we have n garage.
我们买不起汽车,没有车库的事就更不必说了。
It hardly/scarcely + V ...
结构︰主词+hardly/scarcely+动词…
说明︰此句型意为“…几乎不…”。这是通过 hardly 等半否定词表示的。此类半否定词还有: scarcely,seldm,little,few,rarely 等。
It hardly (scarcely) matters. 没有什么关系。
I have hardly ever been ut f this city. 我几乎未曾离开过这个城市。
Justice was hardly dne but smene cmplained (=withut smene’s cmplaining).
要达到没有人认为不公平的公平是很难的。
We seldm buy this srt f gds. 我们很少买这种货。
Seldm seen, sn frgtten. 少见则易忘;别久则情疏。
Little remains t be talked abut. 简直没什么可谈的了。
... seldm r never ...
结构︰…seldm r never…
说明︰此句型意为“几乎不…;简直不…”。也可用“little r nthing”。
She seldm r never reads a bk. 她简直不看书。
Peple seldm r never bught silk garments a few years ag.
几年前,人们几乎是不买丝绸服装的。
I saw little r nthing f him after graduatin. 毕业后我几乎没有看见过他。
She bught little r nthing in this shp. 她在这家店里几乎没买过东西。
I can’t ...
结构︰主词+否定式动词…+否定词/含否定意义的词…
说明︰此句型意为“无…不…;没有…不…”。这是双重型。也可译做肯定句。本的是否定式,所以不能用否定。英语的习惯用法是否定后面不能再用否定式。
Yu can’t make smething ut f nthing. 巧妇难为无米之炊。
What’s dne cannt be undne. 已经做了的事后悔也无用。
He has never dissatisfied with this plan. 他从来没有对计划表示不满。
N ne wanted t + V ...
结构︰N ne(Nbdy)+ wanted(liked)t+原形动词…。
说明︰此句型意为“没有人想要(喜欢)…”。nbdy(无一人)与 n ne(无一人)同义,仅限用于“人”,但是 nbdy 更具口语化;nbdy(或 n ne)如当,后面接单数。
N ne wanted t buy small ranges. 没有人想买小柳橙。
N ne liked t have truble. 没有人想碰到麻烦。
N ne wanted t listen t a madman. 没有人想听疯子讲话。
... n ... withut + N
结构︰…never/nt/n…+withut+名词/动名词
说明︰此句型意为“每…必然…;没有…就没有…”。这是双重。有时译成“没有…而不…”;“每一次…都…”。
I cannt see this picture withut thinking f my father.看到这幅画使我不能不想起我父亲。
I never see him withut feeling like crying. 我每次见到他就想哭。
He never helps me withut trying t take advantage f me. 他每次帮我都想占我便宜。
He never visits me withut asking abut ur ld friends. 他每次来访必然问起我们昔日的朋友。
The president f their cmpany never makes a prmise withut intending t keep it.
他们公司的董事长每次许诺必然会遵守诺言。
He never went t the bkstre withut buying sme bks. 他没有一次到书店而不买一些书。
They never met withut smiling at each ther. 他们每一次相遇都彼此微笑。
I never speak English withut making mistakes. 我没有一次说英语而不犯错的。
Nthing great was ever achieved withut enthusiasm.
没有一件伟大的事情可以达成而没有热诚。
N gains withut pains. 不劳则无获。
N ne can succeed withut wrking hard. 没有人能够成功而不努力。
N ne can live withut breathing. 没有一个人可以不呼吸而生存。
N prisner escaped frm the prisn withut being seen. 没有一个囚犯逃离这个监狱而不被看到。
never ... but ...
结构︰never…+but+主词+动词
说明︰此句型意为“每…必然…”。but 在此是,引导。本句构的 but 相当于 if…nt…。
It never rains but it purs. 一下雨就倾盆而降--祸不单行。
I never lk at the stars but I think hw little I am.我每次看星星必然会想自己是多么渺小。
She never reads a bk but she ges t sleep. 她一看书就想睡觉。
He never ges n a vacatin but he takes his pet dg. 他每次度假都会带他的狗去。
I never see him but I am happy. 我看到他就高兴。
He never ges ut but he drps in at that bkstre. 他每次外出都会顺道去那家书店待一会儿。
I never fail t + V ...
结构︰主词+never fail t+原形动词
说明︰此句型意为“必定会…;一定会…”。fail 因包含“失败”的否定意义,故也属双重否定。
She never fails t write t her parents every mnth. 她每个月一定写信给她的父母亲。
He never failed t send the ambassadr a reprt each week. 他每个礼拜必送报告给大使。
A gd teacher never fails t try his best t answer his students.
一个好老师总是尽力为学生解答。
He is elquent and humrus as well. What he says never fails t please us.
他口才好又幽默,他所说的一定能使我们高兴。
I cannt but + V ...
结构︰主词+cannt+but/chse but/help but+原形动词
说明︰此句型意为“不得不…”。but 后只能跟原形。
I cannt but admire his wise plan. 我不得不赞美他的计划。
They cannt (chse) but admit that ur requirement is reasnable.他们不得不承认我们的要求是合理的。
I culd nt (help) but laugh. 我不禁笑出来。
It is nt uncmmn fr ...
结构︰It is nt uncmmn fr+名词+t-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“…并非不常见”。nt uncmmn 是双重否定,表肯定。it 是虚。
It is nt uncmmn fr parents t put a newbrn in a separate rm.
父母把新生儿放在分隔的房间并非不常见。
It is nt uncmmn fr wmen t smke in public. 妇女在大众面前抽烟并非不常见。
It is nt uncmmn fr peple t jaywalk. 人们任意穿越马路并非不常见。
I am anything but ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+anything but+名词/形容词…
说明︰此句型意为“绝非…”。等于 far frm。后面跟或做 be 的。
He is anything but a schlar. 他绝非学者。
He is anything but diligent. 他一点也不勤奋。
The man was anything but rich. 这人绝不是个富翁。
He was anything but a her. 他绝不是一个英雄。
It is anything but cmplete. 这并未完成。
Climbing Mt. Everest is anything but a pleasure trip. 登圣母峰绝不是一次轻松的旅途。
His visit t Paris was anything but a success. 他的巴黎之行根本不成功。
I am in n way ...
结构︰主词+动词+含否定意义的词组(in n way/by n means 等)…
说明︰此类有 in n way,by n means,in n wise,n n accunt 等,译为“决不;毫不”。如因强调而置于句首,则要采用倒装句构。
I am in n way t blame. 我一点也没错。
It is by n means easy t satisfy everyne. 要满足每一个人绝非易事。
He will in n wise give up any chances t get a better jb.他不会放弃任何机会以获得一份好工作。
On n accunt (d yu) frget t lck the dr. 千万别忘了锁门。
I am nt in the least ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+nt+in the least…
说明︰此句型意为“一点也不…”。
I am nt in the least tired. 我一点也不疲倦。
He is nt in the least kind. 他心肠一点都不好。
I was nt surprised in the least. 我一点也不感到惊讶。
The shp assistant was nt in the least afraid f the truble. 那店员一点也不怕麻烦。
I am n + N ...
结构︰... n+名词…
说明︰n 通常当形容词,后面须接名词;n的后面不可紧接a,an,any,many,much等字。
We feel that life is n laughing matter. 我们觉得人生绝非是开玩笑的事情。
Mr. Chen used n (didn’t use any) chemicals n his fruit. 陈先生的水果不使用农药。
Tny used n reference bks in class. 托尼上课时不使用参考书。
It is n jke. 这绝非是开玩笑。
This is n fact. 这绝非是事实。
That’s n lie! 那绝不是谎话!
He is n writer. 他绝不是作家。
Tm is n cward. 汤姆绝不是懦夫。
n + N + in the wrld ...
结构︰…否定词+名词+in the wrld/n earth…
说明︰此中否定词与结合的可以是,也可以是或其他句子成分;in the wrld,n earth,all 等大范围词语一般作或用。
There will be n difficulty in the wrld that they cannt vercme. 世界上任何困难他们都可以克服。
This is a market cnditin n frce n earth can change.这一市场情况任何力量也改变不了。
He was nt all cnfused. 他一点儿也不胡涂。
It is f n value at all. 那是毫无价值的。
I’m the wrld’s wrst businessman. 我最不会做生意。
I am the last man t ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+the last+名词+t-不定词/子句
说明︰此句型意为“绝不可能是…;最不像是…”。是以 that 做所引导的。
A plane crash was the last thing that we had expected. 我们绝对没有想到飞机会出事。
This is the last place where I expected t meet yu. 我绝没想到会在这里遇见你。
He is the last man t d such a thing. 他绝不可能会做这种事。
Mick is the last man t break his wrd. 迈克绝不是不守承诺的人。
He is the last man (that) I want t see nw. 他是我现在最不愿见到的人。
Yu were the last man (that) I had dreamed f meeting here.
那天我万万没有料到会在这里遇到你。
He is the last man t accept a bribe. 他绝不像是会接受贿赂的人。
I cannt ... t ...
结构︰cannt…t+形容词/副词
说明︰此句型意为“再…也不为过;愈…愈好”。也可用“cannt++t much”或“cannt…+t many/much+/”。
Yu cannt be t careful when driving a car. 开车时愈小心愈好。
I cannt thank enugh fr yur kindness. 我再怎么感谢你的好意也不为过。
We cannt emphasize t much the imprtance f learning English.
我们再怎样强调学英文的重要性也不为过。
It is wrng t think that ne cannt make t many friends.
认为一个人交愈多朋友愈好是错的。
He thinks it right that ne cannt make t much mney.他认为一个人赚再多的钱也不为过。
Yu cannt study t hard. 你愈用功愈好。
One cannt be t careful in chsing friends. 择友愈谨慎愈好。
Yu cannt quit smking t sn. 你愈早戒烟愈好。
t + ADJ + fr ...
结构︰t+形容词+fr+(代)名词
说明︰此句型意为“太…而不适宜/而不能…"。相当于“t++t-”。
It is still t cld fr farming. 气候还是太冷而不适宜农耕。
Yu are t yung fr marriage. 你太年轻了,还不能结婚。
The scenery is t beautiful fr wrds. 风景优美,非文字所能形容。
The bk is t difficult fr mst senir high schl students.
这本书太难而不适合大多数的高中生。
Servings in restaurants are t large fr many peple.
餐厅里端出来的食物对许多人来说量是太多了。
The skirt is t lng fr yu. 这条裙子对你来说是太长了。
This rm is t large fr us. 对我们而言,这间屋子太大了。
He is t tired t walk anymre. 他累得再也走不动了。
She walked t slwly t catch up with us. 她走得太慢,跟不上我们。
... n exceptin ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+n exceptin
说明︰此句型意为“…也不例外”。
Almst every language in the wrld has dialects and American English is n exceptin.
世界上几乎每种语言都有方言,美国话也不例外。
The pr need lve and the rich are n exceptin. 贫穷的人需要爱,有钱的人也不例外。
Plants can nt live withut the sun and animals are n exceptin.
植物没有太阳不能活,动物也不例外。
I have n idea ...
结构︰主词+have n idea…
说明︰此句型意为“不知道…”。
We have n idea hw the birds find their way. 我们不知道这些鸟如何找到它们的路。
I have n idea why he resigned his pst. 我不知道他为何辞去他的职务。
We have n idea hw t persuade him t give up the idea. 我们不知道如何说服他放弃这个念头。
I care nthing abut ...
结构︰主词+care nthing abut…
说明︰此句型意为“一点也不关心…;毫不在乎…”。
My friends were all bys wh cared nthing abut studying. 我的朋友都是男生,他们一点也不关心读书。
D yu really care nthing abut yur future? 你真的一点也不关心你的将来?
I cared nthing abut what they said f me. 我毫不在乎他们对我怎么说。
I d nt care what ...
结构︰主词+d nt care+疑问词(what/whether/…)+主词+动词
说明︰此句型意为“…不在乎…”。
He des nt care whether he wins r lses. 他不在乎是否他赢或输。
I d nt care what yu will say abut me. 我不在乎你们会说我什么。
She des nt care whether yu like her r nt. 她不在乎你是否喜欢她。
I can’t bear t ...
结构︰主词+can’t bear+t-不定词/动名词
说明︰此句型意为“忍受不了/不忍…”。bear 后可跟或。
His suspense became s great that he culdn’t bear t lk ut the windw.
他的疑虑变得这样大,所以他忍受不了往窗外看。
I can’t bear t see him treated like that. 我不忍见到他受到那样的对待。
I can’t bear being called “Fl”. 我忍受不了被叫做“傻瓜”。
... make n sense ...
结构︰主词+make n/much/little sense…
说明︰此句型意为“…有(没有/很有/很少有)意义”。通常用于否定或疑问。
It didn’t make much sense t Galile t have different rules fr mtin n earth and in space.
对伽利略来说,地球上和太空中有不同的运动法则是没有多大意义。
His argument des nt make sense. 他的争论没有意义。
Des it make sense t let children play with matches? 让小孩玩火柴有意义吗?
... and ...
结构︰主词+动词…+and+动词…。
说明︰and 当“和;并且;而”解,它常含有“结果”的意味;由 and 所连接的两个单字,须用相同的词性。
They can visit many places and see many things.他们可以参观许多地方并且看到许多事物。
Yu can stay at hme and watch TV. 你可以待在家里并且看电视。
We will get up early and d sme husewrk. 我们将早起并且做点家务。
... r ...
结构︰主词+动词…+r+动词+…。
说明︰r 当“或者”解,含有“选择”的意味;由 r 所连接的两个单字,须用“相同的词性”。
They will g t the z r play vlleyball. 他们要去动物园或打排球。
He can drive his car t wrk r g by bus. 他可以自己驾车上班或乘公交车。
We will play sprts r g n a picnic. 我们将做户外运动或去野餐。
... but ...
结构︰主词+动词…,+but+主词+动词+…。
说明︰but 当“但是;然而”解,它含有“相反;对比”的意味;由 but 所连接的两个单字须用“相同的词性”。
I went t bed late, but I gt up early. 我晚睡但是早起。
It desn’t rain a lt in fall, but it rains a lt in spring. 秋天不下很多雨,但春天下很多雨。
He caught a cld yesterday, but he went t schl tday.他昨天得了感冒,但今天去上学了。
A+Psitive,but B+Negative
结构︰A(主词)+肯定(或否定)…,but+B(主词)+否定(或肯定)…。
说明︰此句型意为“A…,但是 B 不…(或:A 不…,但是 B…)”。but 是,用于表示“相反”或“对比”,故 but 可连接一个肯定与一个否定;本句型中 要与一般的相一致。
Mr. Cllins was tired, but Mr. Smith wasn’t. 柯林斯先生累了,但是史密斯先生不累。
It wn’t hurt yu, but chemicals will. 它不会伤害你,但是农药会。
Mr. Chen knws this, but ther peple dn’t. 陈先生知道这件事,但是别人不知道。
He made mre mney, but I didn’t. 他赚了更多的钱,但是我没有。
My sister eats natural fds every day, but I dn’t.我妹妹每天都吃天然食品,但是我不吃。
... when/as/while ...
结构︰主要子句+when/as/while+子句
说明︰此句型意为“当…时”。when 引导的,不仅说明一般时间,而且可以表示与同时或提前的动作时间。两个常用现在式。as 所表示的同时意义更突出一些,语意更强一些;while 多指动作的过程,时间范围较大一些。 while 后面的,如果与的相同时,while 后面的与 be 可以省略,如例句8。
When I gt there, they were having a negtiatin. 我到那里时,他们正谈判。
When I called, Tm was having dinner. 当我打电话时,汤姆正在吃晚饭。
When I met Jill, she was talking t a yung man.当我遇到吉尔时,她正在和一个年轻人说话。
When I entered the rm, everyne was laughing ludly. 当我走进房间时,每个人都在大声地笑。
When yu walk int the rm, the lights turn n by themselves. 每当你走入这房间,电灯自己就打开。
The custmer laughed as he spke. 客户边谈边笑。
Wrk while yu wrk, and rest while yu rest. 工作的时候工作,休息的时候休息。
While she was reading in the rm (=While reading in the rm), she heard Jhn call her.
当她在房间里看书时,她听见约翰在叫她。
... befre/after ...
结构︰主要子句+befre/after+子句
说明︰此句型意为“…之前/之后”。的动作发生在动作之前或之后。befre 引导的不可用否定式。
Yu must send sme sample t the custmer befre yu g abrad.
在你出国之前,应该先寄给客户一些样品。
After yu think it ver, please let me knw by fax. 你仔细考虑过之后,请用传真相告。
What d yu want t d after yu have cncluded this transactin? 这笔生意成交之后你想做什么?
... because/as/since ...
结构︰主要子句+because/as/since+子句
说明︰此句型意为“…因为…”。because 作“因为”解释,是,它后面所引导的,叫做“”。前切不可加 s;可放在后,但为了强调,可放在前。
I didn’t like it because it was nisy. 我不喜欢它因为很吵闹。
His bss lked at him cldly because he made several big mistakes.
他的老板冷漠地看着他因为他犯了几个大错误。
Jhn lives happily because he uses his time well t study. 约翰生活得快乐因为他善用他的时间学习。
As rain has fallen, the gds cannt be shipped. 因为下了雨,货物不能装运了。
Since yu insist, I must amend the letter f credit. 既然你坚持,我就只好修改信用证。
... in that ...
结构︰主要子句+in that/seeing(that)/cnsidering(that)+子句
说明︰此句型意为“…因为…”。注意,in that 中的 that 不能省去。
He didn’t attend the negtiatin in that he was ill. 他因为有病,没有参加谈判。
I’d like t accept this item, seeing (that) the price is reasnable. 我愿意接受此品种,因为价格合理。
We agree t pstpne the shipping date, cnsidering (that) there is n steamer recently.
由于(考虑到)最近无船,我们同意推迟装期。
..., s ...
结构︰前句,+s/therefre/thus/hence+后句
说明︰此句型意为“…所以…”。s 是正式的,其他都是作用。
He is ill, s he cannt attend the negtiatin. 他病了,所以他不能来参加谈判。
He was very tired, and therefre he didn’t give the market reprt. 他非常疲倦,所以没能作市场报告。
It was already rather late, thus we decide t urge the custmer. 已经相当晚了,所以我们决定催促客户。
... and/r/r else ...
结构︰祈使句+and/r/r else…
说明︰and 译成“那么”,用于表一致的概念;r 译成“否则”,用于表相反的概念。“命令句+ and”等于“If ...”,意为“得…,这么一来才能…”;“命令句+r”等于“Unless ...”,意为“得…要不然…”;r 也可用 r else 取代。
Study hard, and yu’ll pass the exam. 要用功,那么你才会考及格。
Study hard, r yu’ll fail (in) the exam. 要用功,否则你会考不及格。
Make haste, and yu’ll be in time fr class. 动作快一点,你才赶得及上课。
Make haste, r yu’ll miss the first train. 快一点,要不然就赶不上第一班火车了。
Stp smking nw, r else yur health will be ruined.别再抽烟了,否则你会毁了自己的健康。
ne mre N, and ...
结构︰数量名词(ne,tw,three…)+mre+名词,+and…
说明︰此句型意为“再…,就…”。and 连接。
One mre effrt, and yu will get t the tp. 再加点油,你就可以到达顶端了。
Tw mre days, and I can finish the wrk. 再过两天,我就能完成这份工作。
One mre step, and yu’ll be killed. 再走一步,你就会没命。
A few mre days, and the cmpany will be n the verge f bankruptcy.
再过几天,这家公司就将濒临破产的边缘。
There be N and N
结构︰There+be+名词+and+名词
说明︰此句型意为“有各色各样的…”。通常用复数。
There’s always weather and weather. 老是有各种各样的天气。
There are men and men. 有各式各样的男人。
There are actrs and actrs. 有各式各样的演员。
A + be ..., and B ...
结构︰主词1+be+…,and+主词2+(be)…
说明︰2之后的 be 往往省略。
There midnight’s all a glimmer and nn (is) a purple glw. 那儿午夜浮光微摇,中午紫光争耀。
His critics are many and his admirers (are) few. 他的批评者多,而赞美者少。
The girls are skating and the bys (are) watching. 这些女孩在溜冰,而这些男孩在观看。
It is true ..., but ...
结构︰It is true that…,but…
说明︰此句型意为“…是事实,但…”。but 前后所连接的部分或意义相反或成为对比。本与 thugh 所表现的意思完全相同。也可用“Indeed (that) ..., but ...”。
It is true that these changes take a lng time, but nt as lng as we might expect.
这些变化需要一些长的时间是事实,但不像我们所可能预期的那样久。
It is true that he stle the bicycle, but he is nt s bad as yu might think.
他偷脚踏车是事实,但他并不像你所想的那样坏。
It is true that he is rich, but he must knw mney is nt everything.
他有钱是事实,但他必须知道钱不是一切。
It is true that Japan is a beautiful cuntry, but its big cities are lately plluted.
日本的确是个美丽的国家,但最近日本的大都市已被污染。
Indeed he has a slemn face, but he is very humrus at heart.
他的确有一副严肃的脸孔,但内心却是很富幽默感。
n ne ... but ...
结构︰n ne/every/wh/what…+but…
说明︰用在 n ne,nne,nbdy,nthing,all,every,以及 wh,what 等疑问词之后的 but 的含义是“除…而外”,是,后接的可用主格或受格。
N ne replied but me. 除我而外没有人回答。
Nbdy was late but yu and me. 除了你我而外,没有人迟到。
Nthing but disaster wuld cme frm such a plan.此一计划除了导致失败而外将一无所获。
He did nthing but eat and sleep all day. 他整天吃饭、睡觉,什么事都不做。
It is nthing but a jke. 这不过是个笑话而已。
Mther thught f nthing but my cming hme. 母亲只想到我要回家的事。
All the bys but ne are here. 除了一个而外男孩子全都到了。
Wh but he wuld act such? 除了他还有谁会有这样的行为?
What shuld I find but an enrmus spider! 我居然发现了一只巨大的蜘蛛!
Wh shuld cme in but his first wife! 进来的居然是他的第一任太太!
... all but ...
结构︰... all but ...
说明︰后面跟,but 相当于 except,表“除了…以外都”。若后面跟、、,则表“几乎”的意思。
He is the chairman f the cmmittee in all but the name. 除了没挂名以外,实际上他就是委员会的主席。
All but the mrning star have disappeared. 除掉金星以外其他的星星全都消失了。
The car all but ran ver him. 车子几乎把他撵过去。
He was all but killed by the traffic accident. 他几乎死于车过。
... nt ... but ...
结构︰主词+动词+nt…but…
说明︰此句型意为“不是…而是…”。“nt ... but ...”为对等,可连接对等的单字、或;连接时,要随最近的做变化。
They will nt be judged by the clr f their skin but by the cntent f their character.
他们所受到的论断不是他们的肤色,而是他们的品格的内涵。
What I admire is nt what yu have, but what yu are.
我所羡慕的不是你所拥有的东西,而是你的为人。
It is nt yur fault, but mine. 这不是你的过错,而是我的过错。
Nt I but he is respnsible fr it. 不是我,而是他该负责任。
Nt father but mther was present at the ceremny. 不是父亲而是母亲出席此一仪式。
Nt that I lved Caesar less, but that I lved Rme mre.
不是我比较不喜欢西泽,而是我更喜欢罗马。
He regarded me nt as his friend, but as the best man fr the jb.
他并非把我当朋友,而是当最适合这工作者。
... n ther than ...
结构︰主词+be+n/nne+ther+than/but…
说明︰此句型意为“…不是别人,正是…”。than 在此处并非连接之用,而是当“除…外”解,but与 than 相当,也作“除外”解,后面跟强调的人。
This is n ther than my ld friend, Jhn. 这位不是别人,正是我的老朋友约翰。
The yung man sitting at the desk was nne ther than ur new teacher.
坐在办公桌那儿的那个年轻人正是我们新来的老师。
The tall figure that yu saw was nne ther than ur manager.
你所见的那位身材魁梧的先生不是别人正是我们的经理。
As a tp manager, he shuld appint nne but peple n their merit. 作为一位总经理,他应该任人为贤。
... nthing else than ...
结构︰主词+be+nthing+else than/less than/(else)but…
说明︰此句型意为“…不是别的,而是…”。本强调的是物。
His failure in this transactin was due t nthing else than his wn carelessness.
他在这笔交易中的失利完全是由于他自己的粗心大意。
The present market situatin is nthing else than fine. 目前市场形势是最好不过的了。
What we expected is nthing less than a timely payment. 及时付款正是我们所盼望的。
This transactin is nthing less than a miracle. 这笔交易完全是一个奇迹。
What I need is nthing but a sample. 我需要的不过是一件样品而已。
His cnditin is nthing but a little discunt. 他的条件不过是一点折让。
... nt s ... but ...
结构︰…nt+s/such+形容词/副词+but…
说明︰此句型意为“还没有到不能…的程度”,引申为“尽管…还是”。此处的 but 相当于“that ... nt”。
I am nt such a fl but I can slve the prblem. 我虽不才,还是能解决这一问题。
The quality is nt s pr but it is acceptable. 质量虽差,但仍能接受。
He is nt s sick but he can attend a class. 他尽管有病,还是可以上课。
nt nly ... but als ...
结构︰主词+nt merely/nt nly…but(als)…
说明︰此句型意为“不仅/不但…而且…”。nt nly…but als 称为“”,所连接的两个单字,须用相同的词性。如果连接两个时,前后的时式要一致;如用于连接两个时,重点在第二个,因此须与第二个一致。若连接对等的,而由 nt merely,nt nly 开头,则要用倒装形式。
Mary nt nly cleaned the rm but (als) washed the windw. 玛丽不但清扫房间而且也洗刷窗子。
The hamburger nt nly smells gd but (als) tastes delicius. 这只汉堡包不但气味好闻而且味道好吃。
He is famus nt nly fr his talent but (als) fr his kindness. 他不仅以才能出名,而且是出名的好心。
Nt nly yu but (als) I am t blame. 不仅你,连我都要受责难。
Nt nly did the dg bark at him, but (it) bit him. 这只狗不但对他吠叫,而且咬了他。
Nt nly is she beautiful, but she is (als) kind. 她不仅漂亮,而且善良。
His jb is nt nly t dispse f prblems but (als) t meet unexpected challenges.
他的工作不仅要处理难题而且也要应付突来的挑战。
either ... r ...
结构︰either ... r ...
说明︰此句型意为“要不…就是…”。可连接对等的单字、或;连接时,要随最近的 做变化。
Can yu speak either English r French? 你会说英语或法语吗?
Either yu r he has made the mistake. 不是你,就是他弄错了。
Either he r I am t blame. 不是他就是我该受责备。
Either yu are wrng, r I am. 不是你错,就是我错了。
Either yur answer r mine is wrng. 不是你的答案错了,就是我的错了。
Either we will find a supply, r we will make the gds.我们或是寻求供货,或者自己制造。
Tm is ging t buy either a guitar r a pian.汤母不是要买一把吉他就是要买一架钢琴。
neither ... nr ...
结构︰neither ... nr ...
说明︰此句型意为“既非…也非…”。可连接对等的单字、或;连接时,要随最近的 做变化。
Neither he nr I was able t understand her. 既不是我也不是他能够了解她。
Neither yu nr I am wrng. 你也好,我也好,都没错。
In my pinin, neither yu nr he has met the standard.在我看来,你跟他都没有达到标准。
I neither expressed surprise at the price nr attempted t accept it.
我对于这个价格既没有表示惊异,也没想接受。
We are ging t play neither basketball nr vlleyball.我们既不将打篮球也不将打排球。
bth ... and ...
结构︰bth ... and ...
说明︰此句型意为“二者皆;和”。这是对等,可连接对等的单字、和;若连接时,一定为复数形。
I wrk bth n sunny days and n rainy nes. 我风雨无阻地工作。
That actress is bth skillful and beautiful. 那位女演员演技精湛又长得漂亮。
He is knwn bth as a painter and as a statesman. 他是知名的画家及政治家。
He succeeded bth because he was industrius and because he had many friends t help him.
他的成功是由于勤勉和许多朋友的帮助。
Bth he and I are satisfied with the result. 我和他对结果都很满意。
Helen rdered bth fried chicken and salad in the fast-fd restaurant. 海伦在快餐店里点了炸鸡和色拉。
... as well as ...
结构︰... as well as ...
说明︰此句型意为“既…又…”。这是对等,可连接对等的单字、和;若连接时,要跟着第一个做变化。
She can speak Japanese as well as English. 她会说日语和英语。
Obviusly he is interested in music as well as (in) painting.显然他对音乐和绘画都有兴趣。
He succeeded because he was industrius as well as because he had many friends t help him.
他的成功是由于勤勉和许多朋友的帮助。
He as well as I is satisfied with the result. 他和我都满意这样的结果。
... as well.
结构︰主词+动词…as well
说明︰此句型意为“…也是…”。as well 一般置于句尾。
Often life is much slwer utside the big cities, as is true in ther cuntries as well.
大都市外面的生活步调往往是缓慢得多,这在其他国家也是真的那样。
She is nt nly gd at mathematics, but she is interested in English as well.
她不但擅长数学,而且对英语也感到兴趣。
Tm is very unfriendly t me as well. 汤姆对我也很不友善。
as sn as ...
结构︰as sn as ...
说明︰此句型意为“一…就…”。为,引导,修饰。等于“n sner ... than ...”或“hardly/scarcely…when/befre…”。
As sn as she arrived in the city, she phned her friend. 她一到这个城市,就给她的朋友打电话。
As sn as I have time, I will call yu up. 我一有空,就会打电话给你。
Tell me as sn as yu have finished. 你一完成就告诉我。
n sner ... than ...
结构︰n sner ... than ...
说明︰此句型意为“一…就…”。为,引导,,修饰。n sner 为,置于句首时,与必须倒装。
He had n sner cme than she left. 他一来,她就离开。
N sner had I left the shp than a man came t me and asked me if my name was Peter.
我一离开商店,就有一位男士向我走来,问我是不是叫彼得。
N sner had he arrived than he fell sick. 他刚抵达就病倒了。
I had n sner gne ut than it began t rain. 我刚走到外面就开始下雨了。
hardly ... when ...
结构︰hardly/scarcely ... when/befre ...
说明︰此句型意为“一…就…”。为,引导,修饰。hardly,scarcely 为,置于句首时,与必须倒装。
Jhn had hardly pened the dr when his guests arrived. 约翰刚打开门他的客人就到了。
Scarcely had I washed the car befre the sky rumbled with thunder. 我刚洗车天空就打雷了。
Hardly had I gne ut f the htel when I met my friend.我刚走出饭店就遇见了我的朋友。
Scarcely had she heard the sad stry when she burst ut crying. 她一听到这悲伤的消息,就失声痛哭。
nw that ... V ...
结构︰nw that+主词+动词
说明︰此句型意为“因为/既然…”。nw that 是,that 可省略,意思是 since(因为)或 seeing(that)(既然),引导,修饰。
Nw that I am free, I can enjy music fr a while. 既然有空,我可以享受一下音乐。
I want t wrk nw that I am well again. 我想去工作因为我又健康了。
Nw that there is a new tunnel, the rad is less dangerus.
既然有了一个新的隧道,这条路就比较不危险了。
Nw that yu are a cllege student, yu shuld learn t be independent f yur parents’ help.
既然你已是个大学生了,就应当学着独立,不靠父母的帮助。
nt ... because ...
结构︰nt ... because ...
说明︰此句型意为“并非因为…而…”。使用本时,because 之前不可有逗点,否则意思完全不同;有时得从 because 的逻辑来判断意思。
Yu must nt despise a man because he is pr. 你不可因一个人贫穷而轻视他。
I d nt lve him because he is rich. (I lve him nt because he is rich.)
我不是因为他有钱才爱他的。
I d nt respect him because he is playful. 我不尊敬他,因为他贪玩。
I d nt respect him because he is knwledgeable. 我并非因为他有学问而尊敬他。
nt that ... but that ...
结构︰(It is) nt that ... but that ...
说明︰此句型意为“并非…而是…”。It is 通常予以省略。
Nt that I dislike the task, but that I am nt equal t it. 并非我不喜欢这工作,而是我无法胜任。
Believe it r nt, nt that I dn’t lve Mary, but that I lve my cuntry (all the) mre.
信不信由你,并非我不爱玛丽,而是我更爱我的国家。
Nt that I hate the wrk. I’m nt strng enugh fr it. 并非我讨厌这份工作,而是我不够强壮,无法胜任。
s that ... may ...
结构︰s that/in rder that ... may ...
说明︰此句型意为“以便…”。此为表示目的的 s that,in rder that 所引导的 。s that 总是置于之后,而 in rder that 置于前后均可,且较为强调。通常使用 may,也使用 can(culd),shall(shuld),will(wuld)等。若与相同时,可变成,即“s as t+原形”或“in rder t+原形”。
Read the questins carefully s that yu may nt make a mistake in the test.
考试时要仔细看清楚题目,以免犯错。
We turned n the light s that we might see (=s as t see) what it was.
我们把灯打开,以便看看它是什么。
I study hard, s that I may nt fail in the examinatins. 我用功,免得考不及格。
My father wrks hard in rder that he may supprt us. 我父亲辛苦地工作为了养家。
I’ve decided t learn phtgraphy in rder that I may better appreciate the beauty f nature.
我决定学摄影以便更能欣赏自然的美。
I came in rder that I might/culd see May. (=I came in rder t see May.) 我来是因为能见到梅。
We must find ut the custms f ther cuntries, s that they will nt think us ill mannered.
我们必须知道别的国家的习俗,免得他们会认为我们是没有礼貌的。
lest ... (shuld) ...
结构︰lest ... (shuld) ...
说明︰此句型意为“以免…”。等于“fr fear (that) ... shuld”。lest 为,引导,在该中,只能用 shuld,但 shuld 可省略,直接接原形。
I gt up early lest I (shuld) miss the train. 我早起以免错过了火车。
We talked in a lw vice lest we shuld wake the baby up. 我们小声说话以免吵醒婴儿。
Hide it lest he (shuld) see it. 把它藏起来免得他看见。
He tk a flashlight lest it shuld get dark befre he returned.
为了预防回来以前天就黑了,所以他带着手电筒。
Be careful fr fear (that) yu shuld be misunderstd. 请小心点不要被误会了。
... in case ... shuld ...
结构︰... in case ... shuld ...
说明︰此句型意为“…唯恐…;以防万一…”。in case 是“唯恐(=lest);万一(=if)”之意,做,引导,与 shuld 并用,以修饰。in case 置于句首,也可当 if 使用。
I stpped suddenly in case he shuld think that I was shwing ff.
我突然停住,唯恐他会认为我是在炫耀。
They watched him clsely in case he shuld escape. 他们严密监视他,惟恐他会逃脱。
In case (=If) I frget, please remind me. 万一我忘记,请提醒我。
Write the telephne number dwn in case yu frget. 把电话号码写下来以免忘了。
... s ... that ...
结构︰…s+形容词/副词+that…
说明︰此句型意为“如此…以致…”。此为表示因果关系的,引导。s 后也可接单数,即“s++a++that…”。s 所引导的词类置于句首时,要采用倒装句构,如例句5和6。该句型与“t ... t ...”句型可以互相改写,如例句1所示。
Kevin is s sick that he can’t cme t class. (=Kevin is t sick t cme t class.)
克文病得严重以致无法来上课。
The dg is s gentle that I am nt afraid f it. 这只狗如此温驯,因此我不感到害怕。
She studied s hard that she passed the exam. 她这么用功,所以通过了考试。
He is s gd a by that we like him. 他是个这么好的男孩,所以我们都喜欢他。
S nice is he that I like him. 他是这么好,因此我喜欢他。
S exciting was the game that I frgt all abut the cming finals.
比赛是如此令人兴奋,以致我把即将来临的期末考忘得一乾二净。
s many/few ... that ...
结构︰s many/few+复数名词+that…
说明︰此句型意为“如此多/少的…以致…”。若是不可数名词,则用“s much/little+不可数名词+that…”。此为表示因果关系的,引导。s 可修饰表数量的 many,much,few,little。s 所引导的词类置于句首时,要采用倒装句构。
I have s much wrk t d that I can’t g ut with yu. 我有这么多工作要做,因此不能和你出去。
S many languages can he speak that he shuld have n prblem traveling arund the wrld.
他会说这么多种语言,因此环游世界毫无问题。
There is s little time left that I dn’t think I can finish it as scheduled.
剩下这么少的时间,我想我不能按时完成。
He has s few friends that his life is lnely. 他的朋友很少,因此他的生活非常孤单。
such ... that ...
结构︰such+名词+that…
说明︰此句型意为“如此…以致…”。此为表示因果关系的,引导。such 之后可接任何。such 所引导的词类置于句首时,要采用倒装句构。
D nt think that Americans are in such a hurry that they are unfriendly.
不要认为美国人如此匆忙是不友善的。
He always talks in such a way that everyne dislikes him.
他总是用这样得方式说话,所以每个人都讨厌他。
He was such an impatient driver (=He was s impatient a driver) that he went thrugh the red light. 他是这样没有耐心的司机,所以他闯红灯了。
Such a gd article did he write that he wn the award.他的这篇文章写得这么好,因此获奖。
They are such gd bys that we like them. 他们是这么好的男孩,所以我们都喜欢他们。
It is such gd music that I enjy it. 这么好的音乐我喜欢。
as much s as N
结构︰as much s as+名词
说明︰此句型意为“…像…一样”。
I am pr - as much s as a church muse. 我穷得像教堂的老鼠。
She is lvely - as much s as an angel. 她可爱得像个天使。
The price f this gem is expensive - as much s as astrnmical figures.
这个宝石的价格十分昂贵--简直是个天文数字。
s much s that ...
结构︰s much s that+主词+动词
说明︰此句型意为“如此…所以…”。第一个 s 是“如此地”,第二个 s 是,代表前面提过的某一个观念。
Making smething by hand has becme the exceptin in many cuntries tday - s much s that giving a hmemade gift is smetimes cnsidered extrardinary. 当今用手做东西,在许多国家已经成为很特殊--如此地特殊,以致赠送自制礼物有时被认为是不寻常的。
He is rich-s much s that he can buy anything he wants.
他有钱--如此有钱。所以他可以买任何他要的东西。
Tm is clever-s much s that he can slve mst f the prblems.
汤姆聪明--聪明地可以解决大多数这些问题。
thugh/althugh ...
结构︰thugh/althugh ...
说明︰此句型意为“虽然…但是…”。thugh 或 althugh 均为,引导,修饰,可置于的前后。若使用 thugh 或 althugh,就不可再使用 but,反之亦然,以避免双重连接;但可以用 yet,此时的 yet 做;thugh 也可当用,置于句尾,但前面要加逗点,表“然而”之意。
Althugh (he was) cheerful in cmpany, he was ften sad in private.
虽然和友人在一起是愉快的,但他私下却常常很悲伤。
Thugh ld, he walks as fast as a yung man. 虽然年老,他走起路来像年轻人一样快。
Thugh he ften plays hky, he des well in study. 他经常逃学,然而他的功课却很好。
Althugh very rich in his yuth, he is nw as pr as a church muse.
虽然年轻时很有钱,他现在穷得像教堂的老鼠。
She didn’t put n an vercat thugh it was very cld utside.外头虽冷,她却没披件外套。
Thugh he is nice, (yet) I dn’t like him. (=He is nice; I dn’t like him, thugh.)
他很好,然而我不喜欢他。
even if/even thugh ...
结构︰even if/even thugh ...
说明︰此句型意为“即使,虽然…”。也是,引导,用法与 thugh,althugh 相同,也不可与 but 并用。注意:无 even althugh 的用法。
Even if it will take me six weeks, I am determined t finish the jb.
即使这工作要花掉我六个星期的时间,我仍决心要把它完成。
Even if he said s, yu need nt believe him. 即使他这么说,你大可不必相信他。
Even thugh yu d nt like it, yu must d it. 即使你不喜欢这工作,你也得做。
Even thugh he tried, he still lagged behind ther runners.
尽管他努力了,仍落在其他赛跑者之后。
Even thugh I hadn’t seen my classmate fr many years, I recgnized him immediately.
即使多年没有看见我的同学,我也马上认出了他。
They culdn’t, even if they wuld, get ut f truble by themselves.
即使他们想(摆脱),也无法独立摆脱困难。
Pr as he is, ...
结构︰形容词+as+主词+be 动词,…
说明︰此句型意为“虽然…,但是…”。等于“thugh++be +”。
Pr as he is (=Thugh he is pr), he desn’t feel inferir.虽然他穷,他并不觉得低人一等。
Tired as she was, she kept ding it. 她虽然累了,仍继续做下去。
Nice as he is, I dn’t like him. 虽然他很好,但我不喜欢他。
Stern as he is, he is full f sympathy. 虽然他严格,却富有同情心。
Yung as he was, he was prudent. 他虽然如此年轻,却很慎重。
Surprised as he was at the news, he kept it secret all the week.
这消息虽然令他吃惊,但他却整个礼拜都没说出来。
Hard as he wrked, ...
结构︰副词(动词)+as+主词+动词,(yet)…
说明︰此句型意为“虽然…,但是…”。等于“thugh++(+)”。
Hard as he wrked (=Thugh he wrked hard), he failed in the exam.
虽然他很用功,考试仍失败了。
Much as she lved him (=Thugh she lved him very much), he deserted her in the lng run.
虽然她很爱他,但最后他仍抛弃了她。
Much as the sheep lk alike, the ld man can tell ne frm anther.
虽然绵羊看起来很相像,但那位老人仍能一一区别。
Much as I like her, I wn’t marry her. 我虽然很喜欢她,却不打算娶她。
Well as he des in study, he is nt arrgant. 虽然他功课很好,却一点都不傲慢。
Much as we may take pride n ur gd taste, we are n lnger free t chse things (that) we want.虽然我们对我们高尚的品味感到非常得意,我们却不再能自由地去选择我们所要的东西。
Much as I hpe I may gain weight, (yet) I am still as thin as befre.
虽然我非常希望增加体重,但我仍然像以前一样的瘦。
Fast as yu d, yu can’t finish the assignment in tw hurs.
尽管你做得快,总也不能在两小时内将功课做完。
Search as I wuld, I culd nt find the bk. 无论我怎么找,也没有找到书。
Try as yu might, yu can’t keep the lst time. 不管你怎么努力,失去的时间无法赶上。
Munching the apple as he was, he had an eye fr all her mvements.
他虽然啃着苹果,但却很留神地监视着她的每一个动作。
Gd student as he is, ...
结构︰名词+as+主词+be 动词,…
说明︰此句型意为“虽然…,但是…”。等于“thugh++be +”。若 be 之后的是单数,移至句首后要省略。
Gd students as they were (=Thugh they were gd students), they smetimes erred.
虽然他们是好学生,偶而也会犯错。
Gd student as he is (=Thugh he is a gd student), he smetimes makes mistakes.
虽然他是好学生,偶而也会犯错。
Cward as he is (=Thugh he is a cward), he can’t bear such an insult.
虽然他是懦夫,却无法忍受这样的侮辱。
Try as yu may, ...
结构︰原形动词+as/thugh+主词+may,…
说明︰此句型意为“虽然…,但是…”。等于“thugh++may+原形”;此类变化仅限于句中有 may 时。
Try as he may (=Thugh he may try), he will definitely fail. 虽然他会尝试去做,但无疑他必失败。
Try as she may, she is nt necessarily able t talk him ut f smking.
虽然她会尝试,却未必能说服他戒烟。
Try as yu may, yu will find it impssible t slve the prblem.
虽然你会尝试,但你会发现要解决这个问题是不可能的。
whether ... r ...
结构︰whether ... r ...
说明︰此句型意为“不论是…还是…”。whether 引导的句尾可用 r,以连接对等的单字、。whether 中的若与相同时,则该可省略;whether 的句构若为“+be +”,而又对称时,则可保留“+r+”,其余部分则省略。
Whether he will stay r leave, I really dn’t care. 我真的不在意他要留下来还是要走。
Whether the news is true r false, I wn’t change my plan. 不管消息是真是假,我是不会改变计划的。
Whether (she is) sick r fine, she is always cheerful. 不管她生不生病,她总是开开心心的。
(Whether we are) Rich r pr, we are all equal. 人不分贫富一律平等。
Rain r shine, the game will be held as scheduled. 不论下不下雨,比赛照常举行。
Waking r sleeping, the matter is always in my mind. 不论是醒着还是睡着,这件事时常浮在我的脑中。
whether ... r nt
结构︰whether+主词+动词+r nt
说明︰此句型意为“不论…还是不…”。“whether ... r nt”称为,连接词性相同的单字,或,当“whether ... r ...”中的 r 之后对等的单字或若相同时,该单字或可省略,而以 nt 代替;r nt 也可省略;也可写成 whether r nt。
There’s always weather, weather, whether we like it r nt.
老是有各种各样的天气,不论我们喜欢不喜欢。
Whether yu will g (r nt), please call me up. 不论你去不去,请打电话给我。
Whether he will cme (r nt), we will g n with ur plan. 不管他来不来,我们仍按原计划进行。
I have decided t buy a bicycle, whether it is expensive r nt. 我已经决定买一部脚踏车,不论贵不贵。
Whether yu believe it r nt, I passed the exam. 不管你信不信,反正我通过了考试。
Whether he wanted it r nt, he had t attend the lecture. 不管他愿意与否,他非得去参加讲座。
Whether r nt he will stay, I really dn’t care. 他要留下来还是要走,我真的不在意。
He is always happy whether rich r nt. 不管穷还是富,他都快活。
... r therwise
结构︰形容词+r therwise
说明︰此句型意为“(不论)…或不…”。therwise 表示和相反的意义。
Tw characters are in disagreement, serius r therwise, ver sme matter.
两个人物为某件事情发生了严重或不严重的冲突。
Yu must accept the result, satisfactry r therwise. 你必须接受这个令人满意或不满意的结果。
The task assigned, dangerus r therwise, must be finished as scheduled.
所指派的工作,危险或不危险,必须如期完成。
as ... V ...
结构︰as+主词+动词…
说明︰此句型意为“按照…;如…”。as 是,等于“in the same way that”。
When in Rme, d as the Rmans d. 入境随俗。
D as yu are tld. (=D as I tell yu.) 照我吩咐的做!
She cks melets in butter as they d in France. 她用奶油做法国式的蛋卷。
As it is ...
结构︰As it is ...
说明︰此句型意为“事实上…”。As it is ... 作,置于句首,修饰后面的。等于 In fact 或 As a matter f fact。
I thught he wuld get better. As it is, he is getting wrse. 我以为他会变好。但事实上,他愈变愈糟。
He isn’t nice. As it is, he is bad. 他不好。事实上,他很坏。
I dn’t like him. As it is, I hate him. 我不喜欢他。事实上,我恨他。
as/s lng as ...
结构︰as/s lng as ...
说明︰此句型意为“只要…”。as/s lng as 当“只要”解,是表条件及时间范围的,引导 ,修饰。它所引导的中,常用现在式,则用未来式。
Yu will never be gd students s lng as yu gf arund.
如果你们成天游手好闲,就永远也成不了好学生。
As lng as yu drive carefully, yu will be very safe. 只要你开车小心,你就会很安全。
Yu may eat anything, s lng as yu dn’t eat t much. 只要不吃得太多,你可以吃任何东西。
As lng as live, I will help yu. 只要我活着,我都会帮助你。
As lng as yu dn’t betray me, I’ll d whatever yu ask me t (d).
只要你不出卖我,要我做什么我都愿意。
We’ll ship the gds at an early time as lng as there is a steamer. 只要有船,我们就尽早装货。
S far as I am cncerned
结构︰s/as far as+主词+be+cncerned…
说明︰此句型意为“就…而言,…”。为,引导,通常置于之前。
S far as English is cncerned, it is nt s difficult as yu might think.
就英文而言,它并不像你所认为的那样难。
As far as I am cncerned, I’m nt against yur plan. 就我而言,我并不反对你的计划。
S far as English cmpsitin is cncerned, practice is the best way.
就英语作文而言,练习是最好的方法。
As far as defense is cncerned, we need t buy mre sphisticated weapns.
就防御的观点来说,我们需要购买更多精密的武器。
As far as I knw, he is kind. 就我所知,他人不错。
As far as il energy is cncerned, we cannt be t frugal.就石油能源而言,我们愈节省愈好。
whatever may happen, ...
结构︰whatever+(名词)+主词+may+原形动词…
说明︰此句型意为“不论什么…”。whatever 在此做,引导,后面一定要有逗点,再接。“whatever++may be”的 may be 可以省略。
Yu must d whatever is best fr yu. 什么对你最有利你就得做什么。
He’ll push n with his prject whatever the difficulties may be.
不管有什么困难,他都要继续推行他的计划。
Whatever may happen, yu must keep calm. 不论什么事发生,你必须保持冷静。
I will be n yur side, whatever the situatin (may be). 我会在你这一边,不论情况如何。
We are still ptimistic, whatever the result (may be). 我们仍然乐观,不论结果如何。
N matter what ...
结构︰N matter what ...
说明︰此句型意为“不论什么…,…”。
N matter what the results f the hmemade gift lk like, remember it’s the thught that cunts.
不论自制礼物的结果看起来像什么,心意才是重要。
N matter what yu may d, d it well. 不论你做什么,好好地做。
N matter what he is, he must bey the law. 不论他是什么人,他必须遵守法律。
wherever ...
结构︰wherever+主词+动词…
说明︰此句型意为“无论在哪里…;无论到哪里…;无论什么情况下…”。等于 n matter where。
The language is almst the same wherever ne ges. 不论你到哪里,语言几乎是相同的。
Wherever yu are, I will miss yu. 不论你在哪里,我都会想念你。
Remember yu are a Chinese wherever yu g. 记住你是中国人,不论你到哪里。
We’ll g wherever yu like. 你爱去哪儿我们就去哪儿。
Wherever it is pssible, he tries t help. 只要有可能,他总是设法帮忙。
nt ... until/till ...
结构︰nt…until/till+某一点时间
说明︰此句型意为“直到…才…”。等于“nt ... befre”。句子若由 nt until 开头,则要用倒装。
Cttn material was nt knwn in Eurpe until much later. 直到很晚之后,欧洲才知道棉花布料。
We did nt start until the sun rse in the east. 直到太阳从东方升起,我们才出发。
He did nt have a huse f his wn until he was thirty.直到三十岁,他才有属于自己的家。
Nt until eleven ’clck did he cme hme. 他到十一点才回家。
We d nt knw the value f health till we lse it. 失去健康才知道健康的可贵。
We had nt waited lng befre she came. 我们没等多久她就来了。
Nt until last night did I get the news. 直到昨晚我才听到这消息。
It had nt been dne befre he came. 这还没做完之前他就回来了。
... rather than ...
结构︰主词+动词…rather than…
说明︰此句型意为“与其说…,不如说…;…而不是…”。rather than 后所跟的部分可以有多种词性和,关键是要和前半部分保持一致。
Older peple may seek their wn friends rather than becme t emtinally dependent n their children. 老年人可以找自己的朋友而不会在情感上太依赖他们的子女。
She is a career wman rather than a husewife. 她是职业妇女而不是家庭主妇。
I tried t stand n my wn tw feet rather than turned t my parents. 我设法自立而不求助于我的父母。
He will give in t his ppnent’s claim rather than wrangle ver a disputed pint.
他会向对手的要求让步,而不会因争议点而大声争论。
She is pretty rather than attractive. 她是漂亮,而不吸引人。
I reasned rather than quarreled with him. 我理论,而不是和他吵架。
It is a telex rather than a letter. 与其说它是一封信,不如说它是一封电传。
This businessman is rather diligent than clever. 与其说这位业务员聪明,不如说他勤勉。
The present market is wrse rather than better. 目前的市场不见好转,反而进一步恶化了。
He shuld have given pririty t his safety rather than t the lss f mney.
他本来应该优先考虑他的安全,而不是金钱的损失。
He always give pririty t thers rather than t himself.他总是优先考虑别人而不是自己本身。
On ne hand, ...
结构︰On (the) ne hand, ..., and n the ther (hand), ...
说明︰此句型意为“一方面…,另一方面…”。本指同一事物的两个方面。n the ne hand 和 and n the ther,一般是作,前后要用逗点隔开,n the ther hand 如在句末,则不必在前加逗点。注意,如第一部分里没有 the,就不作。
On the ne hand, yu shuldn’t be shy; n the ther hand, yu mustn’t frget yur manners.
一方面你不应当拘束,另一方面也不要放肆无礼。
On the ne hand, I am yur manager, and n the ther, I am als yur friend.
一方面我是你的经理,另一方面,我也是你的朋友。
He has been criticized n ne hand and encuraged n the ther.
他一方面受到批评,另一方面却受到鼓励。
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