[英语]重庆市乌江新高考协作体2023-2024学年高二上学期开学试题(解析版)

这是一份[英语]重庆市乌江新高考协作体2023-2024学年高二上学期开学试题(解析版)，共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What did the man buy fr his father?
A. A hat. B. A card. C. A shirt.
2. Hw will Tm knw if the schl is canceled?
A. By asking his mther.
B. By watching the snw.
C. By checking the TV news.
3. Where was the man brn?
A. In America. B. In England. C. In Canada.
4. What des the man mean?
A. Anna may nt have time.
B. Anna is at her brther’s huse.
C. Anna shuld invite him t dinner.
5. What des the man think f the music festival this year?
A. It’s t far away. B. It’s t expensive. C. It’s t crwded.
第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。
6. Hw many fifties did Fred start with?
A. Tw. B. Five. C. Ten.
7. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In a bank. B. In a math class. C. In a grcery stre.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
8. Wh invited the wman t the party?
A. Michael. B. Michael’s sister. C. Michael’s brther.
9. What is the man ging t get fr Michael?
A. A new CD player. B. Sme recrds. C. Several baseball cards.
10. Why can’t the wman decide what t get fr Michael?
A. She frgets what he likes.
B. She nly has a little mney.
C. She desn’t knw him well.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。
11. What will Judy d this afternn?
A. Send Peter a brchure. B. Design sme mdels. C. Attend a meeting.
12. Why des Peter make the phne call?
A. T rder sme machines.
B. T ask fr clred pictures.
C. T change the delivery time.
13. When will the speakers sign the agreement?
A. This evening. B. Tmrrw mrning. C. At nn tmrrw.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。
14. Wh is the wman?
A. The man’s wife. B. The man’s dctr. C. The man’s persnal trainer.
15. What des the man want t d?
A. Jin a basketball team. B. Organize a sprts team. C. Teach high schl sprts.
16. What des the wman advise the man t d first?
A. Stp eating ice cream.
B. Have a medical examinatin.
C. Eat mre fruit and vegetables.
17. Why des the wman suggest the man exercise mre?
A. T lse weight.
B. T prevent a heart attack.
C. T strengthen his muscles.
听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。
18. Hw did the ld wman’s ckies becme famus?
A. She started a gd ckie business.
B. She gave them t children fr free.
C. She baked them in a special kitchen.
19. Why did the children help the ld wman at first?
A. The ld wman was t busy.
B. Their parents wanted them t d s.
C. They wanted t get sme experience.
20. What did the children d when the ld wman gt sick?
A. They cked fd fr her.
B. They tk turns lking after her.
C. They sld ckies t pay the dctr.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Thusands f bks are published daily, and bk advertisements play a crucial rle in increasing awareness abut thse bks. But it’s t easy t be tricked int bad “advertising pprtunities” and make the wrng decisins. Here are several frms f digital advertising prven t wrk well.
Facebk advertising: Facebk prvides the perfect advertising platfrm fr authrs because it allws targeting very specific categries f peple. The ther advantage is that it’s easy t test. Yu can start with a budget as lw as $5 and gradually increase yur mnetary (货币的) cmmitment if yur return n investment is psitive.
Amazn advertising: Amazn allws yu t shw ads abut yur bk directly n ther bk pages and search result pages. Since their main US rllut in 2017, they’ve becme the mst effective advertising place fr authrs.
Bkbub advertising: Bkbub rlled ut a self-serve ad platfrm in 2016, which they’ve greatly imprved since. It’s a less cmpetitive playing field than Facebk r Amazn, but it des have its features.
Discunt/prmtin advertising: If yu’re running a discunt r free prmtin n ne f yur bks, yu can apply t have it advertised in the newsletters f platfrms such as Freebksy, Bargainbksy, etc.
Other types f advertising include search advertising, Gdreads advertising, banner ads n websites, etc. These haven’t prduced the same effective results fr mst authrs yet, but they culd be just as effective (r mre) if yu write in a certain field.
1. What is special abut the Facebk advertising?
A. It is easy fr authrs t access.
B. It aims at saving mney fr readers.
C. It allws adjusting investment by prfit.
D. It includes different categries f infrmatin.
2. Which is suitable t prmte yur bk with a discunt?
A. Facebk.B. Amazn.C. Bkbub.D. Freebksy.
3. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T get readers t buy mre bks.
B. T raise peple’s reading awareness.
C. T ffer authrs advertising platfrms.
D. T help publishers cmmunicate with readers.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几种在书籍推广中常用的几种广告形式，并详细描述了每种广告形式的特点和优势，以及如何使用它们来提高书籍的知名度和销售量。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The ther advantage is that it’s easy t test. Yu can start with a budget as lw as $5 and gradually increase yur mnetary (货币的) cmmitment if yur return n investment is psitive.(另一个优点是它很容易测试。你可以从低至5美元的预算开始，如果你的投资回报是积极的，你可以逐渐增加你的资金投入。)”可知，Facebk的广告很容易测试，可以从低预算开始，如果回报很好，就可以增加资金投入。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Discunt/prmtin advertising: If yu’re running a discunt r free prmtin n ne f yur bks, yu can apply t have it advertised in the newsletters f platfrms such as Freebksy, Bargainbksy, etc.(折扣/促销广告：如果你正在对你的某本书进行折扣或免费促销，你可以申请在Freebksy、Bargainbksy等平台的新闻通讯中做广告。)”可知，如果你正在对你的某本书进行折扣或免费促销，你可以申请在Freebksy、Bargainbksy等平台的新闻通讯中做广告。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thusands f bks are published daily, and bk advertisements play a crucial rle in increasing awareness abut thse bks. But it’s t easy t be tricked int bad “advertising pprtunities” and make the wrng decisins. Here are several frms f digital advertising prven t wrk well.(每天都有成千上万的书出版，图书广告在提高人们对这些书的认识方面起着至关重要的作用。但是，很容易被欺骗到糟糕的“广告机会”，并做出错误的决定。以下是几种行之有效的数字广告形式。)”可知，文章主要提供了一些有效的数字广告形式。故选C。
B
As far as we knw batteries are playing an imprtant rle in ur life. We culdn’t live withut batteries. Why s? Batteries prvide pwer fr anything frm small sensrs t large systems. While scientists are finding ways t make them smaller but even mre pwerful, prblems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University f Missuri (MU) researchers are develping a nuclear energy surce that is smaller, lighter and mre efficient.
“T prvide enugh pwer, we need certain methds with high energy density (密度)”, said Jae Kwn, assistant prfessr f electrical and cmputer engineering at MU. “The radiistpe (放射性同位素) battery can prvide pwer density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”
Kwn and his research team have been wrking n building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness f a penny, intended t pwer varius micr / nanelectrmechanreal systems (M/NEMS). Althugh nuclear batteries can cause cncerns, Kwn said, they are safe.
“Peple bear the wrd ‘nuclear’ and think f smething very dangerus,” he said, “Hwever, nuclear pwer surces have already been safely pwering a variety f devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”
His new idea is nt nly in the battery’s size, but als in its semicnductr (半导体). Kwn’s battery uses a liquid semicnductr rather than a slid semicnductr.
“The key part f using a radiactive battery is that when yu harvest the energy, part f the radiatin energy can damage the lattice structure (晶体结构) f the slid semicnductr, Kwn said, “By using a liquid semicnductr, we believe we can minimize that prblem.”
Tgether with J. David Rbertsn, chemistry prfessr and assciate directr f the MU Research Reactr, Kwn is wrking t build and test the battery. In the future, they hpe t increase the battery’s pwer, shrink its size and try with varius ther materials. Kwn said that battery culd be thinner than the thickness f human hair.
4. Accrding t paragraph 1 and 2, we can learn that ________.
A. batteries can nly pwer small sensrs
B. the larger batteries are, the mre pwer they can prvide
C. Jae Kwn is wrking hard t imprve chemical batteries
D. certain methds with high energy density can prvide pwer abundantly
5. Jae Kwn gave examples in Paragraph 4 ________.
A. t intrduce varius energy surces
B. t describe a nuclear-pwered system
C. t intrduce nuclear batteries can be safely used
D. t shw chemical batteries are widely applied
6. Liquid semicnductr is used t ________.
A. get rid f the radiactive wasteB. decline the damage t lattice structure
C. test the pwer f nuclear batteriesD. decrease the size f nuclear batteries
7. Accrding t Jae Kwn, his nuclear battery ________.
A. culd be extremely thinB. will sn replace the present nes has
C. uses a slid semicnductrD. passed the final test
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Kwn和他的研究团队一直致力于建造一个小型核电池，并且解释了它的关键部件以及对核电池的安全推测和预测。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“T prvide enugh pwer, we need certain methds with high energy density (密度)”, said Jae Kwn, assistant prfessr f electrical and cmputer engineering at MU. “The radiistpe (放射性同位素) battery can prvide pwer density that is much higher than chemical batteries.” (MU电子与计算机工程助理教授Jae Kwn说:“为了提供足够的能量，我们需要某些具有高能量密度的方法。”放射性同位素电池可以提供比化学电池高得多的功率密度。”)”可知，某些能量密度高的方法可以提供充足的能量。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Althugh nuclear batteries can cause cncerns, Kwn said, they are safe. (Kwn说，虽然核能电池会引起担忧，但它们是安全的。)”和第四段中“Hwever, nuclear pwer surces have already been safely pwering a variety f devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems. (然而，核动力源已经安全地为各种设备提供动力，如起搏器、太空卫星和水下系统。)”可知， Kwn 在第四段举例子是为了说明核电池可安全使用。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段““The key part f using a radiactive battery is that when yu harvest the energy, part f the radiatin energy can damage the lattice structure (晶体结构) f the slid semicnductr, Kwn said, “By using a liquid semicnductr, we believe we can minimize that prblem.”(“使用放射性电池的关键是，当你收集能量时，部分辐射能会破坏固体半导体的晶格结构，”Kwn说，“通过使用液体半导体，我们相信我们可以最大限度地减少这个问题。”)”可知，液态半导体是被用来减少对晶格结构的损害。故选B项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Kwn said that battery culd be thinner than the thickness f human hair.(Kwn表示，电池可能比人的头发还薄。)”可知，他的核电池可能非常薄。故选A项。
C
In the annals f human histry, few subjects have generated as much excitement, debate, and guess as artificial intelligence (AI). This revlutinary technlgy, which enables machines t perfrm tasks that nce required human intelligence, has the ptential t transfrm every part f ur sciety, frm healthcare and finance t transprtatin and entertainment.
At its heart, AI is all abut data. Massive amunts f data are fed int algrithms that learn frm this data, allwing them t make predictins, recgnize patterns, and even make decisins. This “machine learning” is the driving frce behind many f the AI applicatins we see tday, frm virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa t mre advanced systems like IBM’s Watsn, which can analyze vast amunts f infrmatin t assist dctrs in diagnsing diseases.
The transfrmative ptential f AI is undeniable. In the medical field, fr instance, AI can assist in early detectin f diseases, predict patient utcmes, and even suggest treatment ptins. In finance, algrithms can predict stck market trends, and prvide persnalized financial advice. In transprtatin, self-driving cars equipped with AI systems prmise t reduce accidents, ease traffic jams, and transfrm urban landscapes.
Hwever, with great ptential cmes great respnsibility. The rise f AI has caused debates abut is ethical implicatins (道德含义). The machines are nly as gd as the data they are fed, and there’s a grwing cncern abut biases (偏见) being built int AI systems. Fr instance, facial recgnitin technlgies, used in everything frm unlcking phnes t plice mnitring cameras, have cme under check fr misidentifying individuals based n race r gender.
Mrever, the widespread adptin f AI culd lead t significant jb displacement. While new rles and industries might emerge as a result f AI, it is nt sure that these will pay ff the jbs lst. This culd increase incme inequalities and causes difficulties t scial systems.
Anther majr cncern is the “black bx” nature f AI. Many AI systems perate in ways that even their creatrs dn’t fully understand. This can be prblematic, especially in critical applicatins like healthcare r criminal justice where understanding the lgic behind a decisin is imprtant.
Then there’s the ptential fr AI t be weapnized. In the hands f evil actrs, AI culd be used t spread misinfrmatin, cntrl public pinin, r even engage in internet warfare. The glbal cmmunity must cme tgether t set standards and regulatins t prevent such misuse.
On the brighter side, many experts believe that by setting the right framewrks and investing in educatin and retraining, we can use the pwer f AI fr the greater gd. By fstering (促进) a culture f cntinuus learning and staying abreast (并排的，并肩的) f technlgical advancements, sciety can benefit frm the prmise f AI while aviding its ptential dangers.
In cnclusin, artificial intelligence stands as ne f the mst prfund inventins f ur time. While it ffers vast pprtunities, it als pses significant challenges that we, as a sciety, must welcme. As we stand at this technlgical crssrads, ur chices will determine whether AI serves as a benefit r a harm fr humanity.
8. Which f the fllwing best describes the methd by which machines acquire the capability t perfrm tasks that traditinally required human intelligence?
A. By prgramming predefined rules.
B. Thrugh user interactins every day.
C. By ingesting and prcessing vast amunts f data.
D. Via regular sftware updates frm develpers.
9. In the cntext f the article, hw des the authr primarily demnstrate the effect f artificial intelligence?
A. By citing numerus statistical data.
B. By presenting bth the psitive ptential and the challenges f AI.
C. Thrugh persnal experiences.
D. By fcusing n the negative effects f AI.
10. Which f the fllwing is the best title?
A. The Rise f Virtual Assistants: Siri and Alexa
B. Understanding the Mechanisms Behind AI Algrithms
C. Artificial Intelligence: Charting the Curse fr Tmrrw’s Tech
D. Balancing the Ptential and challenges f AI in Mdern Sciety
11. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. AI has already replaced mst human jbs and is the leading cause f unemplyment.
B. The glbal cmmunity has taken measures t prevent AI misuse.
C. The peratin f many AI systems is easily understd by their creatrs.
D. The slving t the dilemma brught by AI needs cllective effrts f ur sciety.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人工智能的潜力和挑战。作者呼吁全球社区共同努力，通过制定标准和规定，投资教育和再培训，以确保AI的潜力得到最大限度的利用，同时避免潜在的危险。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“At its heart, AI is all abut data. Massive amunts f data are fed int algrithms that learn frm this data, allwing them t make predictins, recgnize patterns, and even make decisins.(人工智能的核心是数据。大量的数据被输入到算法中，从这些数据中学习，使它们能够做出预测，识别模式，甚至做出决策。)”可知，机器获得执行传统上需要人类智能的任务的能力的方法是通过摄取和处理大量数据。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The transfrmative ptential f AI is undeniable. In the medical field, fr instance, AI can assist in early detectin f diseases, predict patient utcmes, and even suggest treatment ptins. In finance, algrithms can predict stck market trends, and prvide persnalized financial advice. In transprtatin, self-driving cars equipped with AI systems prmise t reduce accidents, ease traffic jams, and transfrm urban landscapes.(人工智能的变革潜力是不可否认的。例如，在医疗领域，人工智能可以帮助早期发现疾病，预测患者的预后，甚至提出治疗方案。在金融领域，算法可以预测股票市场趋势，并提供个性化的理财建议。在交通方面，配备人工智能系统的自动驾驶汽车有望减少事故，缓解交通拥堵，并改变城市景观。)”、第四段“Hwever, with great ptential cmes great respnsibility. The rise f AI has caused debates abut is ethical implicatins (道德含义).(然而，潜力越大，责任越大。人工智能的兴起引发了关于其道德含义的争论。)”、第五段“Mrever, the widespread adptin f AI culd lead t significant jb displacement.( 此外，人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量的工作岗位流失。)”以及第六段“Anther majr cncern is the “black bx” nature f AI.(另一个主要问题是人工智能的“黑匣子”性质。)”可推知，作者通过展示人工智能的积极潜力和挑战来论证人工智能的影响。故选B。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In cnclusin, artificial intelligence stands as ne f the mst prfund inventins f ur time. While it ffers vast pprtunities, it als pses significant challenges that we, as a sciety, must welcme. As we stand at this technlgical crssrads, ur chices will determine whether AI serves as a benefit r a harm fr humanity.(总之，人工智能是我们这个时代最深刻的发明之一。虽然它提供了巨大的机会，但它也带来了我们作为一个社会必须欢迎的重大挑战。当我们站在这个技术的十字路口时，我们的选择将决定人工智能对人类是有益还是有害。)”可知，文章主要讲述了人工智能的潜力和挑战。作者呼吁全球社区共同努力，通过制定标准和规定，投资教育和再培训，以确保AI的潜力得到最大限度的利用，同时避免潜在的危险。由此可知，D项：Balancing the Ptential and challenges f AI in Mdern Sciety(平衡人工智能在现代社会中的潜力和挑战)是最好的标题。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“On the brighter side, many experts believe that by setting the right framewrks and investing in educatin and retraining, we can use the pwer f AI fr the greater gd. By fstering (促进) a culture f cntinuus learning and staying abreast (并排的，并肩的) f technlgical advancements, sciety can benefit frm the prmise f AI while aviding its ptential dangers.(从好的方面来看，许多专家认为，通过建立正确的框架，投资于教育和再培训，我们可以利用人工智能的力量为更大的利益服务。通过培养一种持续学习的文化和跟上技术进步的步伐，社会可以从人工智能的前景中受益，同时避免其潜在的危险。)”可知，解决人工智能带来的困境需要我们社会的共同努力。故选D。
D
Frzen in time, a 125-millin-year-ld mammal attacking a dinsaur. A 39-millin-year-ld whale, the heaviest animal that ever lived. The ldest knwn jellyfish, frm 505 millin years ag. Palentlgy (古生物学) prduces newswrthy discveries.
Fssils (化石), mrever, prvide direct evidence fr the lng histry f life, allwing palentlgists t test hyptheses (假设) abut evlutin with data nly they prvide. They allw investigatin f present and past life n Earth. Flws f bilgical diversity, appearances f new life frms and the extinctins f lng existing nes, wuld g undiscvered withut these effrts. But the headlines ver exciting new fssils greatly underestimate the true imprtance f palentlgy. Its real significance lies in hw such discveries brighten the grand histry f life n Earth. Frm its beginnings, mre than three billin years ag, t the present day, fssils recrd hw life adapted r disappeared in the face f majr envirnmental challenges.
Palentlgists prvide us with a unique vantage n mdern climate change. They play an essential rle in interpreting ancient envirnments, in recnstructing ancient ceans, cntinents and climates. Fssils prvide key limitatin n the climate mdels that are essential fr predicting future climate change. And the fssil recrd gives imprtant insights int hw life will respnd t predicted future climate cnditins, because these have ccurred befre in Earth’s histry.
In additin, palentlgy has prvided a fundamental cntributin t human thught: the reality f species extinctin and thus f a wrld that has dramatically changed ver time. In dcumenting the histry f life, palentlgists recgnized that many extinctin episdes culd ccur suddenly, such as the event 66 millin years ag that ended the dinsaurs. The search fr the causes f past mass extinctins started pineering studies frm acrss the scientific spectrum (科学界), fcusing n ptential future threats t humanity.
Nt nly d palentlgists knw what happens t life when things g bad, they als knw hw lng it takes fr ecsystems and bidiversity t recver frm these disasters, which can take far lnger than mdern humans have existed.
Palentlgists thus prvide a unique perspective n the nature and future lng-term eclgical impact f the current human-prduced bidiversity crisis, the s-called Sixth Extinctin, and therefre the imprtance f prtecting mdern bidiversity. The very cncept f a Sixth Extinctin wuld nt exist withut palentlgists dcumenting the first five.
Palentlgists knw that understanding life’s past is critical t anticipating and adapting t life’s and humanity’s future. Palentlgy is imprtant because it brings its unique and critical perspective t current challenges in climate change, bidiversity lss and the envirnment. Palentlgists can predict the future because they knw the past.
12. The first tw paragraphs are written t _______.
A. describe an eventB. raise a questin
C. present an pininD. make a cmparisn
13. What des the underlined wrd “vantage” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. A psitive effect.B. A valuable suggestin.
C. A quick decisin.D. A cmprehensive view.
14. Which f the fllwing wuld the authr agree with?
A. Eclgical recvery takes shrter than imagined.
B. Past lessns can help t predict the future threats.
C. Palentlgists can handle the bidiversity crisis.
D. Fssil studies fcus n the causes f mass extinctins.
15. What’s the best title fr the passage?
A. Palentlgy: A Pineering Study
B. Palentlgy: A Histry Recrder
C. Palentlgy Tells Mre Abut Nature Than Humans
D. Palentlgy Is Far Mre Than New Fssil Discveries
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了古生物学远不止是新的化石发现，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家抽丝剥茧得出过去经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯，强调了古生物学研究的真正意义何在。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。第一段“Frzen in time, a 125-millin-year-ld mammal attacking a dinsaur. A 39-millin-year-ld whale, the heaviest animal that ever lived. The ldest knwn jellyfish, frm 505 millin years ag. Palentlgy (古生物学) prduces newswrthy discveries. (时间凝固，一只1.25亿年前的哺乳动物正在攻击一只恐龙。一头3900万年前的鲸鱼，是有史以来最重的动物。已知最古老的水母，来自5.05亿年前。古生物学产生了有新闻价值的发现)”讲述了古生物学产生了有新闻价值的古老化石发现，再结合第二段“Fssils (化石), mrever, prvide direct evidence fr the lng histry f life, allwing palentlgists t test hyptheses (假设) abut evlutin with data nly they prvide. (此外，化石为漫长的生命史提供了直接证据，使古生物学家能够用他们提供的数据来检验进化论的假设)”和“But the headlines ver exciting new fssils greatly underestimate the true imprtance f palentlgy. Its real significance lies in hw such discveries brighten the grand histry f life n Earth. (但是，关于令人兴奋的新化石的头条新闻大大低估了古生物学的真正重要性。它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史)”可知，作者在前两段提出了一个观点——古生物学的意义不仅是化石发现，它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史。故选C项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。由第三段“Palentlgists prvide us with a unique vantage n mdern climate change. They play an essential rle in interpreting ancient envirnments, in recnstructing ancient ceans, cntinents and climates. Fssils prvide key limitatin n the climate mdels that are essential fr predicting future climate change. And the fssil recrd gives imprtant insights int hw life will respnd t predicted future climate cnditins, because these have ccurred befre in Earth’s histry. (古生物学家为我们提供了一个了解现代气候变化的独特vantage。他们在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥着重要作用。化石对预测未来气候变化至关重要的气候模型提供了关键的限制。化石记录为生命将如何应对预测的未来气候条件提供了重要的见解，因为这些情况在地球历史上以前就发生过)”可知，古生物学家通过对化石进行研究，获得了重要的见解，使他们在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥着重要作用，所以他们能为人类了解现代气候变化提供独特全面的视角，划线词意为“A cmprehensive view (全面的视角)”。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中“The search fr the causes f past mass extinctins started pineering studies frm acrss the scientific spectrum (科学界), fcusing n ptential future threats t humanity. (寻找过去大规模灭绝的原因开始了跨科学领域的开创性研究，重点关注未来对人类的潜在威胁)”和最后一段中“Palentlgists knw that understanding life’s past is critical t anticipating and adapting t life’s and humanity’s future. (古生物学家知道，了解生命的过去对于预测和适应生命和人类的未来至关重要)”可知，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家能得出过去的经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯。由此推知，作者同意“过去的经验教训有助于预测未来的威胁”。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段中“But the headlines ver exciting new fssils greatly underestimate the true imprtance f palentlgy. Its real significance lies in hw such discveries brighten the grand histry f life n Earth. (但是，关于令人兴奋的新化石的头条新闻大大低估了古生物学的真正重要性。它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史)”和其它段落可知，文章讲述了古生物学远不止是新的化石发现，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家抽丝剥茧得出过去经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯，强调了古生物学研究的真正意义何在，D项“古生物学远不止是新的化石发现”符合文意，可以作为小标题。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Active listening is a cmmunicatin skill that invlves ging beynd simply hearing the wrds that anther persn speaks but als seeking t understand the meaning and intentin behind them. The wrd “active” implies that yu are taking sme type f actin when listening t thers.
____16____
Be fully present
Active listening requires being fully present in the cnversatin. It enables yu t cncentrate n what is being said. Being present invlves listening with all yur senses and giving yur full attentin t the speaker. T use this active listening technique effectively, put away yur cell phne, ignre distractins, and shut dwn yur internal dialgue. ____17____ And let everything else slip away.
Pay attentin t nn-verbal cues (非言语暗示)
As much as 65% f a persn’s cmmunicatin is unspken, ____18____. This invlves nt flding yur arms, smiling while listening, leaning in, and ndding at key pints. It can als be helpful t pay attentin t yur facial expressins when active listening s that yu dn’t cnvey any type f negative respnse.
Keep gd eye cntact
When engaged in active listening, making eye cntact is especially imprtant. This tells the ther persn that yu are present and listening t what he r she says. ____19____ At the same time, yu dn’t want t use s much eye cntact that the cnversatin feels strange. T keep this frm happening, fllw the 50/70 rule. This invlves maintaining eye cntact fr 50% t 70% f the time spent listening, hlding the cntact fr fur t five secnds befre briefly lking away.
Be patient
Patience is an imprtant active listening technique because it allws the ther persn t speak withut interruptin. Being patient invlves nt trying t fill perids f silence with yur wn thughts r stries. This als requires listening t understand, nt t respnd. ____20____ Als, dn’t change the subject t abruptly as this cnveys bredm and impatience.
A. Dn’t prepare a reply while listening.
B. It als shws that yu aren’t distracted.
C. This isn’t helpful during active listening.
D. S use pen, nn-threatening bdy language.
E. Dn’t fcus t much n insignificant details.
F. Place yur fcus n yur cnversatin partner.
G. This invlves using certain strategies r techniques.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. D 19. B 20. A
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是积极倾听，以及做到积极倾听的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“The wrd “active” implies that yu are taking sme type f actin when listening t thers.(“积极”这个词意味着你在倾听别人的时候正在采取某种行动)”提到了积极倾听，选项G中this是关键词，与上文构成顺承关系，所以G选项“这涉及到使用某些策略或技巧。”能承接上文，且能总领下文小标题中提到的技巧。故选G项。
【17题详解】
上文“T use this active listening technique effectively, put away yur cell phne, ignre distractins, and shut dwn yur internal dialgue.(为了有效地使用这种积极倾听技巧，把你的手机收起来，忽略干扰，关闭你内心的对话)”提到了如何避免分散注意力，选项F中fcus是关键词，与上文构成顺承关系，所以F选项“把你的注意力放在你的谈话对象身上。”符合语境。故选F项。
【18题详解】
上文“As much as 65% f a persn’s cmmunicatin is unspken.(一个人多达65%的交流是无声的)”提到了无声的交流，选项D中bdy language是关键词，与上文的unspken呼应，所以D选项“所以使用开放的，没有威胁的肢体语言。”承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
【19题详解】
上文“When engaged in active listening, making eye cntact is especially imprtant. This tells the ther persn that yu are present and listening t what he r she says.(在积极倾听时，眼神交流尤为重要。这告诉对方你在听他或她说什么)”提到了眼神交流的作用，B选项“这也表明你没有分心。”进一步说明了眼神交流的作用，和上文构成递进关系。故选B项。
【20题详解】
上文“This als requires listening t understand, nt t respnd.(这也需要倾听去理解，而不是回应)”提到了倾听时不要回应，A选项“不要在听的时候准备回答。”承接上文，与本段小标题呼应。故选A项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Even when yu have cnfidence in yurself, yur gals will smetimes seem ut f reach. When that happens, get hld f the peple wh ____21____ yu and yur gals and dn’t let g!
When I was yunger, I ____22____ because life felt s hard. I had ____23____t becme a teacher r a business administratr. I knew I needed a cllege degree, but I had ____24____ believing in myself. Then a teacher in my high schl ____25____ me. He tld me three things: First, if yu dn’t believe in yurself, it will be ____26____ t get anyne else t believe in yu. Secnd, never let ther peple’s ____27____ t see yur brilliance prevent yu frm being brilliant. And third, despite life’s ____28____, stick t creating the future yu want.
Early in my ____29____, I was teaching a wrkshp when a persn in the audience yelled ut t me. He tld me I had _____30_____ made a jb chice and had a bright future. This _____31_____ feedback (反馈)came at just the right time, because while the audience didn’t knw it, I was _____32_____ self-dubt.
Even nw, I _____33_____ myself that I have a bright future. That’s what I tell myself when I _____34_____ success and failure. Yu have a bright future ahead. Think abut this every single day. Remember yur talents, skills, and interests. Explre the jbs that interest yu, and have curage—and mst _____35_____, believe in yurself.
21. A. refer tB. depend nC. learn frmD. believe in
22. A. quitB. struggledC. regrettedD. argued
23. A. respnsibilitiesB. dreamsC. pprtunitiesD. dubts
24. A. stppedB. admittedC. allwedD. cnsidered
25. A. trackedB. recmmendedC. accmpaniedD. encuraged
26. A. seriusB. pssibleC. hardD. necessary
27. A. requestB. unwillingnessC. inabilityD. attempt
28. A. difficultiesB. ptinsC. aimsD. standards
29. A. careerB. experimentC. businessD. recvery
30. A. flishlyB. simplyC. wiselyD. bravely
31. A. riginalB. familiarC. typicalD. psitive
32. A. lking intB. taking dwnC. dealing withD. pinting ut
33. A. intrduceB. remindC. guaranteeD. warn
34. A. experienceB. describeC. cmpareD. limit
35. A. prbablyB. frtunatelyC. bviuslyD. imprtantly
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章作者探讨了在追求事业时，要相信自己。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这种情况发生时，抓住那些相信你和你的目标的人，不要放手!A. refer t指的是；B. depend n依靠；C. learn frm从……学习；D. believe in相信。根据前文“Even when yu have cnfidence in yurself, yur gals will smetimes seem ut f reach.(即使你对自己有信心，你的目标有时也会显得遥不可及。)”和下文“Then a teacher in my high schl ________ me.”可知，即使相信自己，目标也达不到，因此要求助他人，抓住那些相信你的人求助。故选D
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我小的时候，我因为生活感觉很困难而挣扎。A. quit退出；B. struggled挣扎；C. regretted遗憾；D. argued争论。根据后文“because life felt s hard”可知，生活艰难，因此作者挣扎。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾梦想成为一名教师和企业管理者。A. respnsibilities责任；B. dreams梦想；C. pprtunities机会；D. dubts怀疑。根据后文“t becme a teacher r a business administratr”可知，这是作者的梦想。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我需要一个大学学位，但我不再相信自己。A. stpped停止；B. admitted承认；C. allwed允许；D. cnsidered考虑。根据前文“He tld me three things: First, if yu dn’t believe in yurself”可知，作者不再相信自己。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我高中的一个老师鼓励我。A. tracked处理；B. recmmended推荐；C. accmpanied陪伴；D. encuraged鼓励。根据后文“He tld me three things: First, if yu dn’t believe in yurself”可知，这位老师鼓励我。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一，如果你不相信自己，就很难让别人相信你。A. serius严肃的；认真的；B. pssible可能的；C. hard困难的；D. necessary必要的。根据前文“if yu dn’t believe in yurself”并结合常识可知，如果你不相信自己，也很难让别人相信你。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二，永远不要让别人看不到你的光彩阻止你光彩夺目。A. request请求；B. unwillingness勉强；C. inability无能；D. attempt尝试。根据后文“prevent yu frm being brilliant”可知，不要因为别人看不到你的优秀就阻止你优秀。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第三，尽管生活困难，但要坚持不懈地创造你想要的未来。A. difficulties困难；B. ptins选择；C. aims目标；D. standards标准。根据前文“because life felt s hard”可知，此处说的是生活艰难。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我职业生涯的早期，我正在进行一个研讨会，当时观众中有一个人对我大喊大叫。A. career事业；B. experiment实验；C. business事业；D. recvery恢复。根据后文“I was teaching a wrkshp when a persn in the audience yelled ut t me”可知，这是作者事业早期发生的事情。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，我做了明智的职业选择，有一个光明的未来。A. flishly愚蠢地；B. simply简单地；C. wisely明智地；D. bravely勇敢地。根据后文“had a bright future”可知，作者有一个光明的未来，因此推断做出了明智的职业选择。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种积极的反馈来得正是时候，因为，虽然观众不知道，但我正在处理自我怀疑。A. riginal最初的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. typical典型的；D. psitive积极的。根据前文“He tld me I had ________ made a jb chice and had a bright future.”可知，这是积极的职业反馈。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. lking int调查；B. taking dwn写下；C. dealing with处理；应对；D. pinting ut指出。根据前文“This ________ feedback (反馈)came at just the right time”可知，作者感觉这种积极的反馈正是时候，因为作者正面临自我怀疑。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是现在，我也会提醒自己，我有一个光明的未来。 A. intrduce介绍；B. remind提醒；C. guarantee保证；D. warn警告。根据后文“That’s what I tell myself”可知，作者会提醒自己。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是我在经历成功和失败时告诉自己的。A. experience体验；B. describe描述；C. cmpare比较；D. limit限制。根据后文“success and failure”可知，当作者经历成功和失败时，都会告诉自己有一个光明的未来。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：探索让你感兴趣的职业，有勇气——最重要的是，相信自己。A. prbably很可能；B. frtunately幸运地；C. bviusly明显地；D. imprtantly重要地。根据前文“Explre the jbs that interest yu, and have curage”可知，在探索自己感兴趣的工作时，要有勇气，最重要的是，要相信自己。此处是对前文的总结。故选D。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个词)。
China’s Explsive Artist
Cai Guqiang’s practice spans frm, gunpwder drawings t ephemeral sculptures and mnumental installatins, all f ___36___ are rich with references t Chinese histry, Taist csmlgy and current plitical events. Cai deals with the latter in a spectacular installatin fr I Want t Believe, his 2008 retrspective in New Yrk, frm the centre f the Guggenheim rtunda the artist—a ___37___ (train) set designer, by the way—suspended Inpprtune: Stage One (2004), cnsisting f a series f nine cars ___38___ (hver) in mid air t represent in cinematic prgressin the effect f a car bmb.
Since the 1980s, Cai has been wrking n drawings realized by ___39___ (ignite) explsive pwder n large sheets f paper. These wrks pssess an aura ___40___ evkes bth the vivid gestures f abstract expressinism and the quieter surfaces f Chinese traditinal painting. Gunpwder is als at the centre f a series f envirnmental wrks, begun in 1989, ___41___ cmbine the traditin f Land Art with ___42___ f Chinese firewrks. Fr his explsin events, Cai stages pyrtechnical chregraphies that sketch temprary drawing space.
Cai’s ___43___ (participate) in many internatinal events, impses himself as ne f the strngest in the sky. These events are als meant t act as scial, festive cllective experiences that the artist—nt withut irny—believes culd be perceived even frm uter artists t emerge frm China. At the Venice Biennale 1999 he ___44___ (award) the Glden Lin far Venice’s Rent Cllectin Curtyard (1999), a series f unfired clay sculptures ____45____ rganized the pening ceremny fr the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.
【答案】36. which 37. trained 38. hvering 39. igniting 40. which/that 41. which 42. that 43. participating 44. was awarded 45. and
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国爆炸艺术家——蔡国强。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：蔡国强的实践范围从火药绘画到短暂的雕塑和纪念性装置，所有这些都与中国历史，道教宇宙学和当前政治事件有着丰富的联系。逗号后引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为gunpwder drawings t ephemeral sculptures and mnumental installatins，指代事物，在介词之后，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：蔡2008年在纽约举办的回顾展《我想要相信》中，他在古根海姆圆形大厅的中央放置了一件壮观的装置作品——顺便说一句，这位艺术家是一位训练有素的布景设计师——《不适合：第一阶段》（2004），其中有九辆汽车在半空中盘旋，以电影的方式表现汽车炸弹的效果。此处为非谓语，动词train和后文名词set designer之间是被动和完成的关系，故用其过去分词作定语，意为“受过训练的”。表示故填trained。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语，动词hver和前文名词cars之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作后置定语。故填hvering。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：自20世纪80年代以来，蔡一直致力于通过在大张的纸上点燃爆炸性粉末来实现绘画。介词by后应用动名词作宾语。故填igniting。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这些作品具有一个光环，既有抽象表现主义的生动姿态，又有中国传统绘画的宁静表面。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为aura，指代事物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：火药也是1989年开始的一系列环境作品的核心，这些作品将传统的土地艺术与中国烟花结合起来。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a series f envirnmental wrks，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：同上。根据句意可知，设空处指代前文不可数名词traditin，因为上文已经出现过，应用that指代。故填that。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：蔡参加了许多国际赛事，使他成为天下最强者之一。根据句意和前文名词所有格Cai’s可知，此处应用动名词作主语。故填participating。
【44题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在1999年威尼斯双年展上，他的一系列未烧制泥塑作品《威尼斯租集庭院》(1999)获得金狮奖，并组织了2008年北京奥运会开幕式。动词award和主语是被动关系，根据At the Venice Biennale 1999可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是he，be动词使用was。故填was awarded。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：在1999年威尼斯双年展上，他的一系列未烧制泥塑作品《威尼斯收租庭院》(1999) 获得金狮奖，并且他还组织了2008年北京奥运会开幕式。结合语意可知，____(award) the Glden Lin far Venice’s Rent Cllectin Curtyard (1999)与rganized the pening ceremny fr the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的好友 Simn对中国文化很感兴趣，委托你帮忙报名校国画俱乐部，但因人数已满报名不成功，请给他写一封邮件，内容要点如下：
1.告知报名未成功；
2.推荐其他俱乐部。
3.期待
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
Dear Simn,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Simn,
I am srry t let yu knw that yur applicatin t the Schl Painting club was rejected. Persnally, I wuld like t recmmend a Chinese calligraphy club t yu. And my reasns are as fllws.
T start, in ur natin, calligraphy has always been cnsidered as ne f the mst significant arts, which will help freigners t knw mre abut Chinese culture. Secnd, unlike ding Tai chi which needs a big space and specific cstumes, practicing calligraphy can be easy t perate. All it asks is a table with the Fur Treasures f the Study, which refer t brush, ink stick, paper and ink stne. Finally, practicing calligraphy is a gd way t imprve students’ perseverance, fr it needs patience t practice.
In a wrd, starting a calligraphy club is definitely advantageus. And I highly recmmend starting a calligraphy club.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 读后续写
In my cmmunity, there is a little by wh suffered frm cngenital muscle disease. He always cnsidered himself the mst unfrtunate persn in the wrld. Althugh he lked n different frm rdinary peple, it’s difficult fr him t d sme delicate mvements. He ften lst cntrl f his hands and drpped things n the grund. Even after a shrt run, he wuld easily get ut f breath. Depressin and inferirity made him almst always alne. All f these make his mther very wrried.
Then ne spring, the by’s mther bught sme saplings (树苗) frm a nearby market. She intended t plant them in the frecurt. She tld her children t plant a sapling each persn. The mther said t her three children, “Whse seedling grws best, I will buy him r her a favrite gift.” The by als wanted t get his mther’s gift. But seeing his brthers and sisters carrying water t water the trees happily, anyhw, an idea hit him: he hped the tree he planted wuld die sn. S watering it nce r twice, he never attended t it.
Several days later, when the little by went t see his tree again, he was surprised t find it grew sme fresh leaves instead f withering (枯萎), and cmpared with the trees f his brther and sister, his appeared greener and mre vital. He wndered what n earth had happened. As expected, his mther kept her prmise, bught the little by his favrite gift and said t him, “Frm the tree yu plant, yu will becme an utstanding btanist (植物学家) when yu grw up.”
Since then, the little by slwly became ptimistic. One day, the little by lay n the bed but culdn’t sleep. Lking at the bright mnlight utside the windw, he suddenly recalled what the bi lgy teacher nce said, plants generally grw at night.
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Why nt g t the frecurt and take a lk at my tree?” he said t himself.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Frm that night n, he understd what his mther meant and decided t change himself.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
“Why nt g t the frecurt and take a lk at my tree?” he said t himself. Then he gt ut f the bed and came t the curtyard n tipte. Befre he apprached the tree he planted, he fund his mther was watering it carefully. All f a sudden, he understd it was his mther wh had been secretly fertilizing and watering his small tree! The tree wuld have withered but fr the care f his mther. Standing in the darkness, deeply tuched, hw he wanted t say thanks t his mther. But he didn’t.
Frm that night n, he understd what his mther meant and decided t change himself. When he was in truble and wanted t give up smetimes, mther’s small figure that night always lingered in his mind. Being strng and cnfident, he vercame all the difficulties he was faced with. Decades passed. The little by became a btanist, wh was cnfident and ptimistic. Lve is the best gift fr grwth. With the gift, a thin tree can flurish and even grw int twering trees.
听力答案：1-5 CCBAB 6-10 ACBBC 11-15 AACAA 16-20 BCBAC