2025年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用）专题11 定语从句十大考点（讲案） 解析版

这是一份2025年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用）专题11 定语从句十大考点（讲案） 解析版，共20页。试卷主要包含了分割型定语从句及强调句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）
目录
一、定语从句快问快答 P2
二、定语从句五年高考真题考点细目表 P2
考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法归纳 P3
考点清单二、关系代词whse, wh, whm典型用法归纳 P4
考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳 P6
考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳 P7
考点清单五、关系副词why 典型用法归纳 P8
考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语 P8
考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳 P9
考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法归纳 P10
考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致用法归纳 P11
考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查 P12
分层训练（一）定语从句五年高考真题通关 P12
分层训练（二）定语从句易混对比十组 P16
分层训练（三）定语从句助力应用文写作升格 P18
分层训练（四）定语从句助力读后续写升格 P19
分层训练（五）外刊原创最新语法填空 P20
神十七神十八两个乘组会师中国空间站 P20
一、定语从句快问快答
Q1：什么叫定语从句？
A1：顾名思义，定语从句就是一个从句在句中修饰一个名词或从句，起修饰、解释或限制作用。
Q2：什么是定语从句两要素？
A2：一是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，叫先行词，二是引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词或关系副词。
Q3：定语从句分哪两大类型？
A3：根据功能，分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，后者前边往往有逗号隔开。
Q4：什么叫分割型定语从句？
A4：一般来说，先行词后紧跟定语从句，有时二者被谓语或介词短语分隔开，构成分割型定语从句。如：I was the nly persn (in my ffice) wh was invited t the pening ceremny.
Q5：定语从句关系代词有哪些？
A5：定语从句关系代词有that, which, wh, whm, whse, as。
Q6：定语从句关系副词有哪些？
A6：定语从句关系副词类有when, where, why。注意先行词是the way，在句中作方式状语时，定语从句常用that引导，相当于in which。
Q7：学习定语从句难点在哪里？
A7：一是选择合适的关系代词或关系副词，二是“介词+关系代词”结构介词的选择或关系代词的判断，三是定语从句和名词性从句及强调句型的辨别。
Q8：阅读中遇到定语从句怎么办？
A8：利用括号法把整个定语从句括起来视为一个整体来理解。
Q9：学好定语从句有什么意义？
A9：一能化繁为简迅速提高文章阅读能力，二能在书面表达巧妙运用定语从句提升句子表达效果。
Q10：如何才能学好定语从句？
A10：一是努力掌握定语从句基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，见多识广。
二、定语从句五年高考真题考点细目表
考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法归纳
要点精讲1：只用关系代词that不用which的场合
【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。
1. The teacher and the bks ________ he recmmended were excellent.
2. She is the tallest girl ________I have ever seen.
3. There is nthing ________ can stp me frm achieving my gals.
4. The third place ________ they visited was the Great Wall.
5. This is all ________ I want t say at the meeting.
6.（2014全国I卷）Maybe yu leave a habit ________is driving yur family crazy.
7.（2015全国I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River _________are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings.
【答案与解析】
1. that。先行词既为人又为物时，只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
2. that。先行词被形容词最高级修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
3. that。先行词是nthing, everything等不定代词 只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
4. that。先行词被序数词修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
5. that。先行词是nthing, all等不定代词 只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
6. that。先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句作主语，不能省略。故填which/that。
7. that/which。先行词指物，为Li River，从句缺少主语，用关系代词。句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。故用that/which。
要点精讲2：只用关系代词that不用which的场合
【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。
8. July 1, 1921 was the day ________ we will nt frget.
9. Lillian wrks in a gvernment ffice in ________ there are many different departments.
10. Please tell me the reasn ___________can explain yur absence reasnably.
11.(2020全国II卷改编) Thank yu fr yur letter, ___________ really made me happy.
12. (2017全国III卷) But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案与解析】
8. that/which。空白处先行词是day，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填that/which。
9. which。这是“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词是ffice。故答案是which。
10. which。空白处先行词是reasn，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填that/which。
11. which。逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词yur letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
12. wh。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句；先行词指人，作主语，不能用that或which。故答案是wh。
要点精讲3：that还可以用作关系副词，表示方式，相当于in which，此时that可可以省略。
The way in which / that /不填 he explains the sentence t us is quite simple. 他向我们解释这个句子的方式很简单。（the way在定语从句充当方式状语）
I dn’t like the way that/in which yu speak t yur mum. 我不喜欢你对妈妈说话的方式。（the way在定语从句充当方式状语）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
13. Wmen dn’t think in the same way ___________ men d.
14. I think highly f the way in ___________yu remember English wrds.
【答案与解析】
13. that。这里that men d是定语从句，修饰先行词way。换言之，the way在后边定语从句作方式状语。故填that。
14. which。这里in ___________yu remember English wrds是定语从句，修饰先行词way。换言之，the way在后边定语从句作方式状语，that-in which。故填that。
考点清单二、关系代词whse, wh, whm典型用法归纳
要点精讲1：关系代词whse的用法
Frtune never helps the man whse curage fails.运气从不帮助丧失勇气的人。（先行词是man，指人）
He has written a bk whse name I have cmpletely frgtten. 他写了本书名我完全忘记了的书。（先行词是bk, 指物）
Lk at the building, whse rf=the rf f which=f which the rf is red. 看那栋楼,楼顶的颜色是红色。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. This kind f bk is fr children _________ native language is English.
2. The huse the windws f _________ are brken is empty.
3. This is Mr Smith, with _________ help I’ve made great prgress in grammar.
4. Which bk is the ne ________ writer has wn the Nbel Prize in Literature?
5. (2017江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f _______ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
6. (2018天津卷) Kae, _________sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege, has gne t wrk in Australia.
【答案与解析】
1. whse。句意：这种书是给母语为英语的儿童看的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是children，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”。故填whse。
2. which。the windws f which=whse windws。故答案是which。
3. with whse。with ne’s help表示“在……帮助下”。故答案是whse。
4. 句意：哪本书是获得诺贝尔文学奖的作者写的？分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the ne，指物，关系词在定语从句中作定语，和writer是所属关系，故应用whse引导。故填whse。
5. whse。whse用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人。故答案是whse。
6. whse。whse用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指物。故答案是whse。
考点精讲2：关系代词wh 和whm的用法
Thse wh want t g t the Great Wall sign up here.
I met a girl in the street yesterday wh grew up in Yunnan prvince.
Mr Wang is my favrite teacher, whm I trust very much.
The persn t whm yu just talked is Mr. Depp.
【即时训练】用关系代词wh, whm, whse填空。
7. The ld man has tw sns, bth f _________ are lawyers.
8. The girl _________ wn the first prize in the cntest is frm Zhejiang.
9. One _________ has nthing t fear fr neself dares t tell the truth.
10. In my pinin, anyne _________ is anxius abut the result will fail after all.
11. The rescue teams attempted t rescue the peple________ were trapped in the ruins and dust.
12. There is a lake near ur schlyard ________ depth is beynd yur expectatin.
13. They want t establish a cmmittee r a special academy _______ jb is t give recgnitin t new drugs.
14. An idim is a grup f wrds _________ meaning is different frm the meanings f the individual wrds.
15.（2016全国III卷）Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, __________lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B.C., influenced the develpment f chpsticks.
【答案与解析】
7. whm。这是“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词指人，只能用whm。故答案是whm。
8. wh。定语从句缺少主语，先行词指人，故用wh。
9. wh。定语从句缺少主语，先行词指人，故用wh。
10. wh。定语从句缺少主语，先行词指人，anyne wh….是特定句型，表示“无论是谁，凡是”，故用wh。
11. wh。句意：救援队试图营救被困在废墟和尘土中的人。_____ were trapped in the ruins and dust是定语从句，修饰the peple。关系词在从句中作主语，指人，应该用关系代词wh引导从句。故填wh。
12. whse。句意：我们学校附近有一个湖，它的深度超出你的预料。分析句子结构可知，设空所在句 ________ depth is beynd yur expectatin用于修饰前面的名词lake，所以这是一个限定性定语从句，lake是先行词；根据句意可知，定语从句与先行词之间是从属关系，表示“谁的”，应用关系代词whse引导。故填whse。
13. whse。句意：他们想成立一个委员会或学会，其工作是对新药给予认可。分析句子结构可知，“___ jb is t give recgnitin t new drugs”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a cmmittee r a special academy，设空处在定语从句中作定语，应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
14. whse。句意：成语是一组词，其意思不同于单个词的意思。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词wrds，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whse引导，表示“……的”。故填whse。
15. wh。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Cnfucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填wh。
考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
This is the hspital where my sister used t wrk. (the hspital是先行词，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语。)
The shp where I bught this shirt is nt far frm here.我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。（定语从句是主谓宾结构，不缺少宾语）
We have reached the pint where a change is needed. 我们已经到了需要改变的地步。（先行词pint是抽象地点）
I dn’t want a jb where I’m chained t a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。（先行词jb是抽象地点）
It's put me in a psitin where I can't affrd t take a jb. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。（先行词psitin是抽象地点）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. The accident happened at the pint _______ the A15 jins the M1.
2. Remember that there is still ne pint _______ we must make clear tmrrw.
3. Tday, we’ll discuss sme cases _____ beginners f English fail t use the language prperly.
4. He wrte a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
5. She wants a jb __________ her management skills can be put t gd use.
6. (2018江苏) Self-driving is an area __________ China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.
7. He fell int the cnditin __________where his heart disqualified him fr military service.
【答案与解析】
1. where。先行词是抽象名词pint，定语从句有主谓宾，应缺少地点状语。故答案是where。
2. that/which。定语从句含有make…clear结构，因此从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。
3. where。先行词是抽象名词cases，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。
4. where。先行词是名词letter，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语，相当于in which。故答案是where。
5. where。先行词是抽象名词jb，定语从句有主谓宾，应缺少地点状语。故答案是where。
6. where。先行词an area在定语从句充当地点状语，故答案是where。
7. where。句意：他陷入这种境地----心脏病使他不符合服兵役的条件。先行词an area在定语从句充当地点状语，故答案是where。
考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
D yu remember the day when we first met? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？（定语从句是主谓结构，不缺少宾语）
There are ccasins when ne must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。（先行词ccasins是典型时间名词）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. I will never frget the mnths ________I spent with my cusin in Beijing.
2. Peple are living in an age ________many jbs are dne n cmputer.
3. The days are gne ________ physical strength was all yu needed t make a living.
4. She’ll never frget her stay there ________ she fund her sn wh went missing tw years befre.
【答案与解析】
1. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
2. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
3. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。注意本句先行词The days和定语从句没有紧挨在一起，而是被谓语are gne分隔开，形成分割定语从句。故答案是when。
4. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
考点清单五、关系副词why 典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
I dn’t knw the reasn why he came s late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。（定语从句是主谓结构）
The reasn why he is late is that he failed t catch the first bus. 他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
The reasn that he gave fr being late is that he failed t catch the first bus. 他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. D yu knw the reasn _______Jim failed t cme tday?
2. The reasn _________Jim failed t cme was ________he was seriusly ill.
3. Culd yu tell me the reasn _________ he gave yu yesterday?
【答案与解析】
1. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是why。
2. why; that。The reasn why…is that…是固定句型，表示“之所以……是因为……”。故答案是why; that。
3. that/which。本句中定语从句谓语动词gave缺少宾语，因此应该填写that/which。
考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语
要点精讲：先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why；窍门：学会分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或 宾语才能用关系代词。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. D yu still remember the days________ we traveled tgether?
2. D yu still remember the days________ we spent tgether?
3. Is this the museum ______ yu nce wrked?
4. Is this the museum ______ yu nce paid a visit t?
5. Is this the reasn _______he was absent frm schl yesterday?
6. Is this the reasn _______he gave fr absence frm schl yesterday?
7. Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell yu mre abut later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
【答案与解析】
1. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
2. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
3. where。where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。故答案是t reduce。
4. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，地点名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
5. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是t reduce。
6. that/which。从句谓语动词give是及物动词，从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。
7. which。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句，从句abut暗示后面缺少宾语。故答案是which。
考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳
要点精讲1：as引导限制性定语从句的用法
1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语；
2. 用于such…as…, s…as…, the same…as…, the same…that句型。注意定语从句关系词作主语或宾语，而s…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。
3. 注意the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。
I never heard such stries as he tells．我从未听过像他讲的那种故事。
They have never read s many bks as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。
This is the same dictinary as I lst yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典）
He is the same by that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. Ls Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyne likes t visit.
2. Ls Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyne likes t visit it.
3. This is ______difficult a prblem _____n ne can wrk ut.
4. This is ______difficult a prblem _____n ne can wrk it ut.
5. My pen is missing. I’d like t buy the same pen _______I lst.
6. Jenny is s happy, fr she has fund the same pen ______ she lst yesterday.
【答案与解析】
1. as。such…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是as。
2. that。such…that…构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。故答案是that。
3. s; as。s…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是s; as。
4. s; that。s…that…构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。故答案是s; that。
5. as。the same…as…强调“和……是同一类，符合语境要求。故答案是as。
6. that。the same…that…强调“和……是同一个，符合语境要求。故答案是that。
要点精讲2：as引导非限制性定语从句的用法
As is knwn t all, Taiwan belngs t China.众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首）
Taiwan, as is knwn t all, belngs t China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中）
She has married again, as was expected. 不出所料，她又结婚了。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末）
As is ften the case, girls like dlls while bys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。
He sld his new car, which made me surprised. 他把车卖掉，这让我很吃惊。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
7. He failed in the driving test again, _________surprised us all.
8. He failed in the driving test again, _________we had expected.
9. _________ is ften the case with Jim, he was fined fr speeding.
10. The air quality in the city, ______ is shwn in the reprt, has imprved ver the past tw mnths.
【答案与解析】
7. which。which引导非限制性定语从句，且多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型。故答案是which。
8. as。as引导非限制性定语从句强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”。故答案是as。
9. As。as is ften the case with sb引导非限制性定语从句。位于句首或句末。故答案是As。
10. as。as引导的定语从句可以插入到主句中间，如本句。故答案是as。
考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构
要点精讲：
I'll never frget the day n which we mved t ur huse.（先行词the day常与介词n连用）
Can yu tell me the reasn fr which yu are s late? （先行词the reasn常与介词fr连用）
Is this the car fr which yu paid a high price?（定语从句谓语动词pay fr是固定搭配）
Mathematics is the subject in which I am mst interested. （定语从句谓语动词be interested in是固定搭配）
D yu like the teacher frm whm she learned a lt? （定语从句谓语动词learn frm…是固定搭配）
My cmputer, withut which I can’t surf the Internet, brke dwn yesterday. （定语从句根据语境应用withut which）
In ur class there are 50 students, half f whm wear glasses. （定语从句根据语境应用f whm）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. D yu remember the day we first met?
2. D yu remember the mnth we first met?
3. This is the skirt she paid $100.
4. This is the skirt she spent $100.
5. This is my English teacher, I’ve learned a lt.
6. This is my English teacher, help I culdn’t have made such rapid prgress.
7. Can yu tell me the way yu slve the prblem？
【答案与解析】
1. n which。“在某一天”介词用n。故答案是n which。
2. in which。“在某一月”介词用in。故答案是in which。
3. fr which。pay…fr…是固定词组。故答案是fr which。
4. n which。spend mney/time n…是固定词组。故答案是n which。
5. frm whm。从句谓语含有learn frm短语。故答案是frm whm。
6. withut whse。with ne’s help表示“在某人帮助下”，结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是withut whse。
7. in which。先行词the way在从句充当的方式状语，故答案是in which。
考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致典型用法
要点精讲1：先行词作主语，that/which/wh从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
Anyne wh fails t finish the task given shuld be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。
Thse wh want t g t the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Anyne wh ___________(want) t see the film shuld put up yur hands.
2. I, wh __________(be) yur friend, can understand yu.
3. There are many yung peple wh __________(be) keen n flk music.
【答案与解析】
1. wants。anyne作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故答案是wants。
2. am。定语从句主语是I，对应谓语是am。故答案是am。
3. are。定语从句先行词是many yung peple，对应谓语是are。故答案是are。
要点精讲2：先行词是ne f…结构，定语从句谓语用复数；先行词是the nly /very ne f…，定语从句谓语用单数。
He is ne f the students wh have read the bk. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。
She is the nly ne f the girls wh knws English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
4. He is ne f the students wh ________ (praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
5. He is the nly ne f the students wh ______________(praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
【答案与解析】
4. were praised。先行词是ne f…结构，定语从句谓语用复数。故答案是were praised。
5. was praised。先行词是the nly /very ne f…，定语从句谓语用单数。故答案是was praised。
考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查
要点精讲：
Occasins are quite rare when I have the time t spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的场合很罕见。（分割性定语从句）
It is in the factry which yu are visiting that this kind f cmputer is made. 这种电脑是在你们正在参观的工厂里生产出来的。（强调句型和定语从句混合考查）
The news that ur team wn the game made us excited. 我们队获胜的消息令我们很激动。（that引导同位语从句，且that不作句子成分）
The news that he tld us just nw made us very excited. 他刚才告诉我们的消息令我们很激动。（that引导定语从句，且that不作从句的宾语）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. The village has develped a lt __________ we learned farming tw years ag.
2. It was in the backyard ________ my father planted many vegetables ________ he dug up a statue.
3. He wrte a lt f nvels, many f _________ were translated int freign languages.
4. He wrte a lt f nvels, and many f _______ were translated int freign languages.
5. A new schl will be built in _________was a wasteland a few years ag.
【答案与解析】
1. where。本句是分割定语从句，先行词是the village，定语从句被谓语部分分隔开。故答案是when。
2. where; that。________ my father planted many vegetables是定语从句修饰先行词backyard；后面才是强调句型。故答案是where; that。
3. which。这是“介词+关系代词”结构。故答案是which。
4. them。and是解题关键，表明这是一个并列句。故答案是them。
5. what。介词in后面接一个宾语，该从句缺少引导词和主语，故答案是what。
分层训练（一）五年定语从句高考真题题组
〖2024年高考真题题组〗
1.（2024新课标I卷） The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute ____64____ brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
答案：that/which。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：Mark Wdruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
2.（2024全国甲卷）Yellwstne was the largest United States natinal park - 2.2 millin acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
答案：which。
解析：本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，故答案在which和that间选，而本空前有逗号，that前不能加逗号，故填which。
3.（2024浙江1月卷）Of curse, shps are nt charities — they price gds in the way _________ will make them the mst mney.
答案：that/which。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
〖2023年高考真题题组〗
1.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, 63 Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”.
答案：as。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, 64 all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, brrwing sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
答案：where。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为twn，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
3.（2023全国甲卷）She even played sme recrdings f their singing, what was fun.
答案：what改为which。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，故what改为which。
4.（2023全国乙卷）But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place 63 welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
5.（2023全国乙卷）The clr she chse came in a bx which had a picture f a wman that hair clr lked just perfect.
答案：that改为whse。
考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是wman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whse引导。故that改为whse。
6．(2022天津3月卷) Kenny still remembers the class discussin ________the teacher asked students t share what they wanted t be when they grew up.
A．whyB．whichC．thatD．where
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussin。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。
〖2022年高考真题题组〗
1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, _________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.
答案：wh
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Ca Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
3.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics __________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
答案：that/wh
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cbb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/wh。
4. （2022全国乙卷）Just see hw cars have taken ver ur cities. They ften run at high speeds, what may put ur lives in danger.
答案：what改为which。
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
5. (2022天津卷) Guide bks are prepared t suit the cnvenience f the traveler, ________ rutes rund a city r a site are ften suggested.
A. fr whichB. with which
C. fr whmD. with whm
答案：C
解析：考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词fr表示“给……”，先行词为人，故fr后用whm。故选C项。
〖2021年高考真题题组〗
1.（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned f a cmpany___________ used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lt f plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a cmpany，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
2.（2021浙江卷）BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl ________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tl是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
3.（2021天津卷）In the spring, a seasn ________ we are learning new rhythms f life，many f us find cmfrt in the natural wrld.
A. whenB. whereC. whatD. which
答案：A
解析：考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a seasn是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。
4.（2021北京卷）When yu sleep, yur brain srts thrugh everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying t link new experiences t ld memries.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
〖2020年高考真题题组〗
1.（2020全国I卷）Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt __________ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spt，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
2.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almst lifelike.
答案：whse
解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
3.（2020全国II卷）Thank yu fr yur letter, what really made me happy.
答案：what改为which。
解析：考查定语从句。逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词yur letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which。
4.（2020全国III卷）Understanding her gd intentins, I eat all the fd what is prvided by Mm with appreciatin.
答案：what改成that。
解析：这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the fd，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
分层训练（二）定语从句易混对比十组
Grup 1
1. The rphan came frm Hainan Prvince, ___________ is far away frm here.
2. The rphan came frm Hainan Prvince, ___________ lst his parents when he was a baby.
1. which
考查定语从句关系词用法。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hainan Prvince，指物，作主语，故填which。
2. wh
考查定语从句关系词用法。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The rphan，指人，作主语，故填wh。
Grup 2
3. The huse ___________ windw faces suth is fr the dctr.
4. The huse ___________ faces suth is fr the dctr.
3. whse
考查定语从句关系词用法。本题是定语从句，先行词windw在句中作定语。故填whse。
4. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。本题是定语从句，先行词windw在句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。
Grup 3
5. ___________ is well-knwn that China is rich in natural resurces.
6. ___________ is well-knwn t us all is that China is rich in natural resurces.
5. It
考查主语从句的用法。It is well-knwn that…是固定句型，It作形式主语。故填It。
6. What
考查定语从句关系词用法。___________ is well-knwn t us all是主语从句，又缺少主语和连接词，故填What。
Grup 4
7. ___________ wh leaves the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.
8. ___________ wh leave the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.
7. Anyne
考查定语从句用法。Anyne wh…是固定句型，从句谓语动词用单数形式。故填Anyne。
8. Thse
考查定语从句用法。Thse wh…是固定句型，从句谓语动词用复数形式。故填Thse。
Grup 5
9. We’re just trying t reach a pint ___________ bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk.
10. Remember that there is still ne pint ___________ we must make clear tmrrw.
9. where
考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句有主语，不缺少宾语，因此先行词a pint作抽象的地点状语。故填where。
10. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词ne pint 在从句充当宾语，make…clear…把……弄清楚。故填that/which。
Grup 6
11. He wrte a letter __________ explained what had happened in the accident.
12. He wrte a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
11. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句缺少主语，指物，故用that/which。
12. where
考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句有主语和宾语，因此这里表示“在这封信中”，表示地点概念，故填where。
Grup 7
13.I dn’t like the way ___________ yu speak t her.
14.I dn’t like the way___________ isn’t scientific.
13. that
考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the way在定语从句___________ yu speak t her充当方式状语，可以填that或in which或省略that。
14. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the way在定语从句___________ isn’t scientific中作主语，指物，故填that/which。
Grup 8
15. Chaplin acted in 82 films, many f ___________he wrte and directed himself.
16. Chaplin acted in 82 films; many f ___________he wrte and directed himself.
15. which
考查定语从句关系词用法。逗号是关键，理解为定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词指物，作宾语，故填which。
16. them
考查定语从句关系词用法。分号相当于and，因此前后应理解为并列句，故填them。
Grup 9
17. The teacher didn’t knw the reasn ___________she was absent yesterday?
18. The teacher culdn’t accept the reasn ___________ she explained yesterday?
17. why
考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the reasn在定语从句充当原因状语，故填why。
18. that/which
考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the reasn在定语从句充当宾语，explained是及物动词，缺少宾语。故填why。
Grup 10
19. Ls Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyne likes t visit.
20. Ls Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyne likes t visit it.
19. as
考查定语从句关系词用法。语境分析得知这是such…as…引导的限制性定语从句，as充当从句的主语或宾语。故应用as。
20. that
考查状语从句关系词用法。语境分析得知这是such…that…引导的结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分，that只起连接作用。故应用that。
分层训练（三）定语从句助力应用文写作升格
书面表达句式升级：请准确运用定语从句翻译下列各句。
1. (2023新高考I卷) 学生们如果与一个相处不够融洽的人分组在一起可能会感到不那么有激情。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. (2023全国甲卷) 孔子强调尊重老人这在我们飞速发展的世界中起着指明灯作用。___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. (2022全国甲卷) 设立“世界海洋日”是为了提高保护海洋意识，在全球生态系统中发挥至关重要作用。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. (2022新高考I卷) 这是一个很不错栏目，你可以在这里和学生分享自己的想法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. (2022全国甲卷) 面临互联网各种各样信息，我们不能分辨真假，这对于我们的学习和生活非常有害。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. (2021全国乙卷) 首先，我们最好在家遵循学校时间表，这肯定会有助于我们学习效率。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. (2021新高考I卷) 该报纸推崇很多栏目，其中中国文化是我最喜欢的。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
8. (2021浙江卷) 多数学生看好这次展览，这提供一个平台让他们了解中国之美，体验中国艺术的魅力。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
9. (2020全国I卷) 就我来说，我爸爸是我最崇拜的人。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
10. (2020全国II卷) 我们先采摘那些色彩鲜艳的桃子，然后摘那些成熟柔软的桃子。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. Students may feel less mtivated if paired with smene wh they dn’t get alng with.
2. Cnfucius stressed respect fr elders, which serves as a guiding light in ur fast-paced wrld.
3. Wrld Oceans Day was set up t raise awareness f prtecting the ceans, which play a crucial part in glbal ecsystem.
4. This is an amazing prgram where yu can share yur ideas with students.
5. Faced with all kinds f infrmatin n the internet, we can't tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful t ur study and life.
6. First f all, we'd better bey ur schl timetable at hme, which will surely cntribute t ur learning prductivity.
7. The newspaper basts a variety f clumns, f which Chinese culture is my favrite.
8. Mst f the students think highly f this exhibitin，which prvides a platfrm fr them t explre the beauty f China and experience the charm f Chinese art.
9. As fr me, my father is the persn I respect mst.
10. We first picked the peaches that were mst beautiful in clr, then thse that were ripe and sft.
分层训练（四）定语从句助力读后续写升格
1.(2024浙江1月卷)教练的话让她瞪大了眼睛，她简直不敢相信自己居然完成了一英里的跑步，这是她从未想过自己能做到的。
Wide-eyed with the cach’s wrds, she culdn’t believe that she had actually cmpleted the mile run, smething she never thught she culd d.
2. (2024浙江1月卷)她每走一步，都给那些追随她的人留下了灵感的遗产，她知道即使没有明确的方向感，也总有办法找到自己的路。
With each step she tk, she left behind a legacy f inspiratin fr thse wh fllwed in her ftsteps, knwing that even withut a clear sense f directin, there's always a way t find ne's way.
3. (2023新高考I卷)我一手拿着奖杯，一手拿着奖状，眼睛投向老师，老师竖起大拇指，眼里闪烁着喜悦和骄傲。
With prize cup in ne hand and award certificate in the ther hand, I threw my eyes at my teacher, wh gave me a thumbs up, with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride.
4. (2023新高考I卷)那匹曾经心存疑虑，一度想过退出的疲惫的马，继续前行，驶向终点。
The tired hrse wh nce had dubts and nce thught abut quitting, kept ging and made it t the destinatin.
5. (2023新高考I卷)我永远不会忘记这段经历，它将永远是我一生中最珍贵的回忆之一。
I will never frget this experience, which will always be ne f the mst precius memries f my life.
6. (2023新高考I卷)我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。
I am grateful t my teacher, whse encuragement and supprt helped me discver my ptential.
7. (2023浙江1月卷)我忍不住赶回了那座废弃的房子，它不小心飞了进来，被困在那里，无助而绝望。
I culdn’t help hurrying back t the deserted huse where it accidentally flew in and was trapped , helpless and desperate.
8. (2023浙江1月卷)这是一个真正温暖人心的时刻，永远不会消失。
48.It was a truly heartwarming mment and ne that wuld never vanish.
9. (2022新高考I卷)大卫又恢复了他一贯的笑容，这给我留下了深刻的印象。心若有志，没有什么是不可能的。。
David’s usual tthy smile came back again, which left a deep impressin n me. Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.
10. (2021新高考I卷)妈妈咬了一口三明治，大声说这是她吃过的最好的三明治。
Mther bit int a sandwich and exclaimed it was the best sandwich she had ever tasted.
分类训练（五）外刊原创最新语法填空
神十七神十八两个乘组会师中国空间站
Shenzhu XVIII manned spaceship successfully 1 (dck) with the space statin at 3:32 am n April 26 2024, accrding t the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA). The whle prcess tk 2 (apprximate) 6.5 hurs.
The spaceship, atp a Lng March-2F carrier rcket, blasted ff at 8:59 p.m. frm the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in nrthwest China. Abut 10 3 (minute) after the launch, the Shenzhu-18 spaceship separated frm the rcket 4 entered its designated rbit. The crew members are 5 gd shape and the launch is 6 "cmplete success," the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) annunced.
While in rbit, the Shenzhu-18 spaceship is scheduled 7 (make) a fast, autmated rendezvus and dcking with the space statin cmbinatin. The Shenzhu-18 crew will rtate with the Shenzhu-17 crew in rbit.
The Shenzhu-18 crew members are Ye Guangfu, Li Cng and Li Guangsu, with Ye as the missin 8 (cmmand). The Shenzhu-18 missin marks Ye's secnd jurney int space, 9 (fllw) his previus rle as a crew member during the Shenzhu-13 missin frm Octber 2021 t April 2022. Li Cng and Li Guangsu, 10 belng t the third grup f Chinese astrnauts, are bth embarking n their first-ever space adventure.
【参考答案】
1. dcked 2. apprximately 3. minutes 4. and 5. in 6. a 7. t make 8. cmmander 9. fllwing 10. wh
【文章导读】
据中国载人航天工程办公室消息，神舟十八号载人飞船入轨后，于北京时间2024年4月26日3时32分，成功对接于空间站天和核心舱径向端口。整个自主交会对接过程历时约6.5小时。北京时间2024年4月26日05时04分，在轨执行任务的神舟十七号航天员乘组顺利打开“家门”，欢迎远道而来的神舟十八号航天员乘组入驻“天宫”。
据了解，在空间站工作生活期间，神舟十八号航天员乘组将进行多次出舱活动，开展微重力基础物理、空间材料科学、空间生命科学、航天医学、航天技术等领域实（试）验与应用，完成空间站碎片防护加固装置安装，舱外载荷和舱外平台设备安装与回收等各项任务。定语从句五年高考真题考点细目表
年份
卷别
语法填空
短文改错
2024
新课标II卷
that/which

全国甲卷
which
浙江1月卷
that/which
2023
全国甲卷
as, where
what-which
全国乙卷
that/which
that-whse
2022
新高考I卷
that

全国甲卷
wh

全国乙卷

what-which
2021
新高考II卷
that/which

2020
全国I卷
where

全国II卷

what-which
全国III卷
whse
what-that
只用关系代词that场合
典型示例
先行词既为人又为物时
The hrse and its rider that yu tld me are admired by us all.
先行词被序数词修饰时
This is the first film that I have seen since I mved here.
先行词被形容词最高级修饰
The TV twer is the highest building that has been built in this city.
先行词是nthing, anything, all, much, little等不定代词
All that glitters is nt gld.
Is there anything that I can d fr yu?
先行词被nly, very, little, all等限定词修饰时
This is the very pen that I am lking fr.
This is the very bk that I was lking fr.
当主句是以wh 或 which 开头的疑问句时
Which bk is the ne that yu recmmended?
Wh is the persn that yu saw yesterday?
典型场合
典型示例
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。
This is the English dictinary, which cst me $10 yesterday.
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybdy in the ffice.
用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, bth f which等，标志为介词。
Is this the rm in which Mr. White lives?
We have entered int an age at which dreams have the best chance f cming true.
1. whse用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人或物；
2. 有时用于“介词+whse+名词”结构；
3. whse+名词=the +名词+f whm/which=f whm/which+ the +名词。
1. wh用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyne wh…以及Thse wh…句型。
2. whm用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意whm作宾语，可以省略。
3.whm可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，wh不能。
1.where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。
2.先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如schl, museum, centre。
3.还可以是抽象名词，如pint, case, situatin, stage, race, psitin, jb等（热点，须牢记）。
1.when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状。
2.先行词是具体时间名词，如day, mnth, year。
3.还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, ccasin等。
1.why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状。
2.why还可以用于The reasn why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词，则应用关系代词。
1. as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从。
2. 位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……。
3. 从句多含有see, knw, expect, tell, reprt等动词；
4. which和as用法区别：
①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后；
②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”；
③句式上：which多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型；as多用于as we all knw/see, as is ften the case with sb等句型。
1.先行词指人关系代词用whm，指物关系代词用which；
2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如t a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn frm；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whse help等。
3.在特定情况下出现“介词+whse+名词”结构，whse作定语
1.先行词与定语从句被谓语动词或介词短语分隔开构成“分割型”定语从句;
2.定语从句与强调句型相结合构成“It is/was+被强调部分+定语从句+that…”句式。
3.定语从句与同位语从句区别：前者起限制作用，后者起解释说明作用，且连接词不能省略。