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北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷Word版含解析docx、北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
2024. 01
考生须知：
1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2. 本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4. 本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。
笔试(共三部分100分)
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My brther and I were driving hme tgether and became absrbed in a cnversatin. Because f this ___1___, my brther tk a wrng turn.
Unfrtunately, the wrng turn tk us twards a bridge and we had n way t turn back. Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brther paid the bridge tll and drve n. He was clearly frustrated by the mistake and the ___2___ waste f $4.
We eventually reached an exit slip-way and, as we tk it, my brther nticed a car that stpped by the radside. A yung guy was standing nearby, lking anxius. I was busy trying t ___3___ which way we went next but my brther pulled ver and asked the guy if he needed any help. And he did. He had a(n) ___4___ tire (轮胎) and needed a wrench t get it ff.
My brther gave him a wrench, then prceeded t help him change the flat. The yung man said that this had been a(n) ___5___ week fr him: earlier he had gtten int a minr car accident, and nw this flat n his way hme frm wrk. He kept thanking us because he really wuld have been ___6___ if we hadn’t cme alng. After we had finished the jb, he pulled ut $20 t give t us. “N,” I said.
“We were never ___7___ t even get n that bridge. We tk a wrng turn. But nw we knw why we did. It was t help yu. Thank yu fr turning ur mistake int an pprtunity t ___8___.”
What I lved mst was watching my brther thrughut this prcess. He was able t see a chance t help (which I ttally missed! ) even in an therwise ___9___ situatin. It can nly cme frm a calm mind and a(n) ____10____ heart.
1. A. distractinB. challengeC. hesitatinD. truble
2. A. pricelessB. cuntlessC. needlessD. useless
3. A. debate nB. figure utC. put frwardD. deal with
4. A. spareB. missingC. flatD. unusual
5. A. excitingB. inspiringC. nrmalD. bad
6. A. stuckB. injuredC. lstD. tricked
7. A. allwedB. suppsedC. recmmendedD. chsen
8. A. learnB. tradeC. serveD. wrk
9. A. cmplexB. negativeC. desperateD. dangerus
10. A. braveB. simpleC. heavyD. pen
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和哥哥开车拐错了弯，却在途中帮助了一个陌生人的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为这种分心，我哥哥拐错了弯。A. distractin分心；B. challenge挑战；C. hesitatin犹豫；D. truble麻烦。根据上文中的“My brther and I were driving hme tgether and became absrbed in a cnversatin.”可知，作者与开车的哥哥聊天导致拐错了弯，由此可知，此处指的是“分心”符合语境。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他显然对这个错误和不必要的4美元浪费感到沮丧。A. priceless无价的；B. cuntless无数的；C. needless不必要的；D. useless没用的。根据语境以及上文中的“Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brther paid the bridge tll and drve n.”可知，作者与哥哥拐错弯而付了过桥费，由此可知，此处指“不必要的”符合语境。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我正忙着弄清楚下一步该走哪条路，但我哥哥把车停在路边，问那个人是否需要帮助。A. debate n争辩；B. figure ut弄清楚；C. put frward提出；D. deal with处理。根据语境和上文中的“We eventually reached an exit slip-way”与下文中的“which way we went next”可知，在作者与哥哥开车拐错弯后到达一个出口，作者应是忙着“弄清楚”该走哪条路。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的轮胎瘪了，需要一个扳手才能把它弄下来。A. spare空闲的；B. missing丢失的；C. flat瘪的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据下文中的“and nw this flat n his way hme frm wrk.”可知，此处指的是他的车胎“瘪的”符合语境。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人说这一周对他来说很糟糕：早些时候他出了一场小车祸，现在又在下班回家的路上轮胎瘪了。A. exciting令人激动的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. nrmal正常的；D. bad坏的，糟糕的。根据下文中的“earlier he had gtten int a minr car accident, and nw this flat n his way hme frm wrk.”可知，这个年轻人早些时间出了一场小车祸，现在轮胎又瘪了，所以此处指的是“糟糕的”一周。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不停地感谢我们，因为如果我们不来，他真的会被困在这里。A. stuck困住；B. injured受伤；C. lst迷失；D. tricked欺骗。根据上文中的“He had a(n) ___4___ tire (轮胎) and needed a wrench t get it ff.”可知，这个年轻人的车胎撒了气，需要一个扳手把轮胎卸下来，由此可知，此处指的是如果作者他们不来，他会被“困”在这里。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至都不应该上那座桥。A. allwed允许；B. suppsed假定，预想；C. recmmended推荐；D. chsen选择。根据上文中的“Because f this ___1___ , my brther tk a wrng turn.”可知，哥哥开车拐错了弯，由此可推断，此处指的是不“应该”上那座桥，be suppsed t意为“应该”。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：感谢你们把我们的错误变成了为你服务的机会。A. learn学习；B. trade交易；C. serve服务；D. wrk工作。根据上文中的“We tk a wrng turn. But nw we knw why we did. It was t help yu.”可知，作者和哥哥因为转错弯才上了桥，遇到了这位需要帮助的年轻人，这个错误让他们有机会帮助他人，由此可知，此处指的是“为他人服务”符合语境。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是在消极的情况下。A. cmplex复杂的；B. negative负面的；C. desperate绝望的；D. dangerus危险的。根据上文中的“We tk a wrng turn. But nw we knw why we did. It was t help yu. Thank yu fr turning ur mistake int an pprtunity t ___8___ .””可知，作者与哥哥拐错了弯，遇到了一个需要帮助的年轻人，哥哥把自己的不利境遇转换成一个帮助他人的机会，由此可知，此处应指的是“负面的”符合语境。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它只能来自于冷静的头脑和开放的心灵。A. brave勇敢的；B. simple简单的；C. heavy重的；D. pen思想开明的。根据上文中的“He was able t see a chance t help (which I ttally missed! ) even in an therwise ___9___ situatin.”可知，作者的哥哥把不利的境遇转换成为帮助他人的机会，结合空前的“a calm mind”可知，此处应为“开放的”符合语境。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gather tgether a cuple f gd friends and take a leisurely walk thrugh the streets—this is ___11___ many yungsters in China enjy ding when they visit a new city. This is called Citywalk, a new way fr yung peple t interact with a city and make friends. The trend is spreading frm first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai t secnd and third-tier cities, ___12___ (encurage) mre participants t get invlved. Sme cities have included Citywalk in their plans ___13___ (prmte) cultural turism and leisure turs.
【答案】11. what
12. encuraging
13. t prmte
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是“城市漫步”成为年轻人探索文化景点的新旅游趋势。
【11题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：和几个好朋友聚在一起，在街上悠闲地散步——这是许多中国年轻人到一个新城市时喜欢做的事情。分析句子结构可知，此处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少ding的宾语，结合句意，此处指的是事情，所以使用连接代词what。故填what。
12题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：这一趋势正从北京、上海等一线城市蔓延到二三线城市，鼓励更多的参与者参与其中。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，encurage与逻辑主语The trend之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填encuraging。
【13题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：一些城市已将“城市漫步”纳入其促进文化旅游和休闲旅游的计划中。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词plans应使用动词不定式形式，且表示主动意义。故填t prmte。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Over the past several decades, many different benefits f humr ___14___ (explre). Few peple knw that humr plays an imprtant rle in scial interactins with peers, and ultimately in schl success. Schl entry is the time ___15___ parents fade int the backgrund and scial interactin with peers becmes increasingly imprtant. The use f humur that is scially acceptable leads t a lwer likelihd f being bullied, while the use f self-disparaging (自贬的) humur leads t a ___16___ (high) likelihd f being bullied.
【答案】14. have been explred
15. when 16. higher
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几十年里，幽默探索带来了许多不同的好处。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：在过去的几十年里，许多不同的幽默的好处已经被探索。此处作谓语动词，与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由Over the past several decades可知，应用现在完成时，主语many different benefits f humr是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been explred。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：入学是父母逐渐退居幕后的时期，与同龄人的社会交往变得越来越重要。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【16题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：使用被社会接受的幽默会降低被欺负的可能性，而使用自我贬低的幽默则会增加被欺负的可能性。根据句意以及前面a lwer likelihd和连词while可知，此处为形容词比较级形式higher“更高的”，和前面的lwer形成对比。故填higher。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
G t kindergarten, elementary schl, high schl, and finally, cllege. Mst American kids ___17___ (expect) by their parents t get an educatin and have a gd life. Fr Tara Westver, the utlk was quite different. ___18___ (raise) in a pr family in Idah, Tara was nt allwed t have a prper educatin. Her father ___19___ (keep) her ut f schl, believing a wman’s best place was in the hme. Hw did Tara fight ___20___ the right t get educated? Find the answer in the bestseller Educated.
【答案】17. are expected
18. Raised 19. kept
20. fr
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大多数美国孩子都会接受教育，并且父母会为他们安排好上学的一切。但是对于Tara Westver来说，她并没有接受教育，因为她的父亲认为女人最好呆在家里。
17题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：大多数美国孩子都被他们的父母期待接受教育，并且有有一个好的教育。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“and have a gd life”可知，空处的时态为一般现在时。句子主语“mst American kids”为复数，与动词“expect”为动宾关系，所以语态为被动语态，所以空处用are expected，故填expected。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：塔拉在爱达荷州的一个贫困家庭长大，不被允许接受适当的教育。分析句子可知，逗号前的内容在句中为状语，句子主语“Tara”与动词“raise”为动宾关系，所以空处用过去分词raised表示被动。处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Raised。
【19题详解】
考查时态。句意：她父亲不让她上学，认为女人最好待在家里。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“was”可知，空处的时态为一般过去时。故填kept。
20题详解】
考查介词。句意：塔拉如何争取受教育的权利呢？短语：fight fr“争取……”，为固定搭配。故填fr。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Ultimate Guide t STEM Cmpetitins & Events
STEM cmpetitins allw individuals r student teams t slve a specific challenge r prblem thrugh science, technlgy, engineering, r mathematics. The fllwings are different events at this time.
Cngressinal App Challenge
What: Students must cde and build an app by themselves. The apps are judged in district-wide cmpetitins.
Wh: High schl students.
When: Frm June 15 t Nvember 1, 2023.
Where: Online.
Prize: Winners receive a free trip t display their wrk in the Capitl Building.
Regenern Science Talent Search
What: Entrants must cnduct an riginal independent research prject. Besides applicatin letters, recmmendatin letters and transcripts(成绩单) are als needed.
Wh: Any student in their senir year f high schl.
When: Frm June 1 t Nvember 8, 2023.
Where: Selected finalists will receive an all-expenses-paid trip t Washingtn D. C. fr in-depth judging.
Prize: Over $2 millin in awards are given; first-place prize is $ 250,000.
THINK Challenges
What: This cmpetitin is fr high schl students wh are in the early stages f an riginal research prject, rather than being fully cmpleted.
Wh: High schl students.
When: 2023 registratin is clsed; 2024 details are t be decided and will likely pen in Nvember 2023.
Where: Online.
Prize: Selected finalists are invited t a 4-day all-expenses-paid trip t MIT’s campus t meet prfessrs in their field f research! $1000 will be given.
Surce America Design Challenge
What: Student teams are t use STEM cncepts t create a ttally new prduct that empwers peple with disabilities.
Wh: High schl and cllegiate-level students.
When: Registratin fr Design Challenge 2022 is still live!
Where: The finals take place in Washingtn D. C.
Prize: Grand prize is $ 8,000 per team and $ 6,000 t the affiliated schl.
21. In the STEM cmpetitins, participants can ________.
A. design an app based n judges’ chicesB. create an inventin t help the disabled
C. present a fully cmpleted research prjectD. get recmmendatin letters frm prfessrs
22. If smene wants t win a free trip t a university, the ne will jin in ________.
A. THINK ChallengesB. Cngressinal App Challenge
C. Regenern Science Talent SearchD. Surce America Design Challenge
23. Which is a requirement fr all the applicants?
A They must be available fr an uting trip.B. They must register 2023 cmpetitins.
C. They must be high schl senirs.D. They must submit riginal wrks.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了STEM( Science, Technlgy, Engineering, Mathematics)的四场赛事活动。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干关键词“participants can”，可定位到每个黑体字部分下的“What”的内容中。根据第一个黑体字下“What: Students must cde and build an app by themselves.（竞赛内容：学生必须自己编写和构建一个应用程序。）”可知，学生是自己编写和构建一个应用程序，并非根据评委的选择，选项A错误；根据第二个黑体字下“What: Entrants must cnduct an riginal independent research prject. Besides applicatin letters, recmmendatin letters and transcripts(成绩单) are als needed.（竞赛内容：参赛者必须进行原创的独立研究项目。除了申请信外，还需要推荐信和成绩单。）”可知，参与者需要携带推荐信，而不是得到教授的推荐信，选项D错误；根据第三个黑体字下“What: This cmpetitin is fr high schl students wh are in the early stages f an riginal research prject, rather than being fully cmpleted.（竞赛内容：该竞赛面向初创性研究项目的高中生，而不是完全完成的高中生。）”可知，参赛者的项目为初创性研究项目，并非已经完全完成，选项C错误；为第四个黑体字下“What: Student teams are t use STEM cncepts t create a ttally new prduct that empwers peple with disabilities.（竞赛内容：学生团队将使用STEM概念创建一个全新的产品，赋予残疾人权力。）”可知，参赛者要使用STEM概念创建一个全新的产品，赋予残疾人权力，即创建一个能帮助残疾人的产品，选项B与文意相符，故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“THINK Challenges”部分“Prize: Selected finalists are invited t a 4-day all-expenses-paid trip t MIT’s campus t meet prfessrs in their field f research!（奖品：入选的决赛选手将被邀请到麻省理工学院校园进行为期4天的免费旅行，与他们研究领域的教授会面！）”可知，赢得这项活动的参赛者将会被邀请到麻省理工学院校园进行为期4天的免费旅行，与他们研究领域的教授会面！所以，要赢得一个免费去大学的旅行，参赛者可以参加此赛事。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干要求可知，题目询问的是所有活动的参赛者要满足的要求。结合四项活动中对参赛对象的要求“Students must cde and build an app by themselves. (学生必须自己编写代码和构建应用程序)”“Entrants must cnduct an riginal independent research prject. (参赛者必须进行原创的独立研究项目)”“This cmpetitin is fr high schl students wh are in the early stages f an riginal research prject, rather than being fully cmpleted. (这项比赛面向的是处于原始研究项目早期阶段而不是完全完成的高中生)”“Student teams are t use STEM cncepts t create a ttally new prduct that empwers peple with disabilities. (学生团队将使用STEM概念创造一种全新的产品，赋予残疾人权力。)”可知，所有的赛事要求参赛者必须提交原创作品。故选D项。
B
A 12-year-ld girl frm Miller Middle Schl in San Jse has wn the tp prize with $25, 000 in a science fair. Her inventin is a new fire detectin system that can faster detect(探测) the heat surces. It’s als cheaper and mre reliable than smke detectrs.
In the summer f 2022, a restaurant behind Shanya’s huse was burned t the grund. Since then, Shanya’s mther became increasingly cautius abut the stve in the kitchen. It wasn’t that the restaurant didn’t have smke detectrs, but they require there is a significant amunt f smke first, which can smetimes mean a fire has already started and gtten ut f cntrl. This incident inspired her t create a fire detectin system t help peple suffer less lss frm fires.
One day, Shanya discvered that thermal cameras can detect heat lss in hmes during winter mnths. She wndered if these cameras culd als spt huse fires mre quickly than traditinal smke detectrs.
Shanya cnnected an affrdable thermal camera t a tiny cmputer. She prgrammed her system t differentiate between peple—which were identified as warm mving bjects—and heat surces, such as a turned-n gas burner, which were identified as ht bjects that remained still.
The system can send a text message when it detects a fire but n human presence fr a cntinuus 10-minute perid. Shanya cnducted multiple trials at varius times f day and with peple entering the camera’s view frm different directins. In the end, Shanya’s system accurately detected human presence 98% f the time and heat surces 97% f the time.
Shanya determined that the best place fr the detectr wuld be n the wall abve the stve but under the stve range—this allwed its sensrs t have clear access t the mst likely lcatins where a fire might start in a kitchen.
After her victry, the 12-year-ld has said she wants t refine the device by cmbining it with a smartphne app. The app will allw users t quickly switch ver t a camera after receiving a text message s they can see if the alert is crrect.
24. Why did Shanya invent the new fire detectin system?
A. T cmpete in the science fair.B. T relieve her anxiety abut fire.
C. T help reduce peple’s fire lss.D. T market it fr mass prductin.
25. When the kitchen is n fire, Shanya’s fire detectin system can ________.
A. find ut heat surcesB. give a fire alarm
C. recrd the burning prcessD. identify different peple
26. T make the detectin system mre accurate, Shanya ________.
A. tested all kinds f sensrsB. placed it n the ceiling
C cnducted sme experimentsD. cmbined it with an app
27. Accrding t the passage, which can best describe Shanya?
A. Outging and smart.B. Helpful and generus.
C. Mdest and determined.D. Creative and hardwrking.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是一个12岁的小女孩Shanya发明的火灾探测系统在一次科学展览中获得了最高奖。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This incident inspired her t create a fire detectin system t help peple suffer less lss frm fires.(这件事激发了她的灵感，让她发明了一套火灾探测系统，帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失。)”可知，她发明了一套火灾探测系统以帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失，由此可知，Shanya发明火灾探测系统是为了帮助减少火灾损失。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The system can send a text message when it detects a fire but n human presence fr a cntinuus 10-minute perid.(当系统检测到火灾，但连续10分钟没有人在场时，它可以发送一条短信。)”可知，系统探测到火灾但连续10分钟没人在场便会发送一条短信，由此可知，系统探测到火灾后会发出警示。故选B项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Shanya cnducted multiple trials at varius times f day and with peple entering the camera’s view frm different directins. In the end, Shanya’s system accurately detected human presence 98% f the time and heat surces 97% f the time.(Shanya在一天中的不同时间进行了多次试验，人们从不同的方向进入相机的视野。最后，善雅的系统在98%的时间里准确地检测到人的存在，在97%的时间里准确地检测到热源。)”可知，Shanya在一天中不同的时间，不同的方向进行多次试验，最后她的系统在98%的时间里准确测到人的存在，在97%的时间里能测到热源，由此可知，为提高该系统的准确性，Shanya做了很多实验。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“This incident inspired her t create a fire detectin system t help peple suffer less lss frm fires.(这件事激发了她的灵感，让她发明了一套火灾探测系统，帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失。)”可知，Shanya在事故的激发下，发明了一套火灾探测系统，说明她很有创造力；根据第五段中的“Shanya cnducted multiple trials at varius times f day and with peple entering the camera’s view frm different directins. In the end, Shanya’s system accurately detected human presence 98% f the time and heat surces 97% f the time.(Shanya在一天中的不同时间进行了多次试验，人们从不同的方向进入相机的视野。最后，善雅的系统在98%的时间里准确地检测到人的存在，在97%的时间里准确地检测到热源。)”可知，Shanya在一天中不同的时间，不同的方向进行多次试验，最后她的系统在98%的时间里准确测到人的存在，在97%的时间里能测到热源，由此可知，为提高该系统的准确性，Shanya做了很多实验，由此可知她非常地勤奋，综合以上信息可知，Shanya是一个有创造力且勤奋的人。故选D项。
C
Fr sme it is the sund f a buncing basketball. Fr thers the clearing f a thrat. Fr Dr. Jane Gregry the list includes pigens, ticking clcks and the sund f ppcrn being eaten. “I cried n the plane the ther day because I culdn’t figure ut the vlume n my new headphnes and s I culdn’t blck ut the sund f a guy sniffing,” she says. Gregry is amng thse wh experience misphnia, a phenmenn in which particular sunds can prve unbearable, triggering(引起)emtins frm anxiety and panic t shame and anger. Nw in her bk, Sunds Like Misphnia, the academic is n a missin t explre what’s behind it, and t help thse affected cpe.
Gregry, a clinical psychlgist at the University f Oxfrd, suggests misphnia is far frm being a simple sensitivity t sund. It can be fed by a cmplex interplay f factrs, including a lwer ability t filter ut certain nises, the assciatin f negative meanings with particular sunds, and the burden f feelings assciated with an emtinal respnse t them.
Yet, the phenmenn was largely unknwn until the 2010s. In ne study, researchers asked peple with high and lw traits f misphnia t listen ut fr a “trigger” sund in the presence f a masking sund. Bth grups detected the trigger just as easily. “The persn with misphnia had a mre intense reactin, but nly after they identified what the sund was,” adds Gregry. Thse results, she says, suggest that peple with misphnia are nt inherently better at detecting particular sunds, such as a sniff r a rustle—rather they might be listening ut fr them mre, r nt be as gd as thers at tuning them ut. This is a trait, Gregry speculates, that might have ffered ur ancestrs an evlutinary advantage, such as helping them t detect hiding predatrs. Anther implicatin f the research, Gregry says, is that it is nt just the auditry features f the sunds that cause negative reactins but the meaning attached t them. An example wuld be a reactin t the jingling f a dg’s cllar after being frightened by an aggressive dg.
Gregry hpes her bk will supprt thse t ften tld t ignre sunds. She says: “The emtinal reactin is much mre cmplex than just being annyed... They feel trapped and helpless when they encunter these sunds. If yu think it’s nthing, then yu’re nt experiencing what this persn is experiencing.”
28. Misphnia is a phenmenn where ________.
A. peple fail t recgnize particular sundsB. specific sunds cause negative emtins
C. different feelings are mixed up tgetherD. peple lse cntrl f their emtins
29. Which f the fllwing might be the cause f misphnia?
A. Trigger sunds f similar rigins.B. Disability t ignre certain sunds.
C. Understanding f particular sunds.D. Inbrn ability t tell certain sunds.
30. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. T detect certain sunds is a slutin t misphnia.
B. Peple with misphnia are well understd by thers.
C. Peple can benefit frm misphnia in sme situatins.
D. Objects related t sunds may trigger negative reactins.
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了恐音症患者以及探索这一现象背后的原因。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Gregry is amng thse wh experience misphnia, a phenmenn in which particular sunds can prve unbearable, triggering(引起)emtins frm anxiety and panic t shame and anger.”（格雷戈里就是恐音症患者之一。恐音症患者无法忍受特定的声音，从而引发焦虑、恐慌、羞愧和愤怒等情绪。）可知，恐音症是一种特定的声音会引起负面情绪的现象。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thse results, she says, suggest that peple with misphnia are nt inherently better at detecting particular sunds, such as a sniff r a rustle—rather they might be listening ut fr them mre, r nt be as gd as thers at tuning them ut.”（她说，这些结果表明，患有恐音症的人并不是天生就更擅长探测特定的声音，比如嗅嗅声或沙沙声——相反，他们可能会更多地倾听这些声音，或者不像其他人那样善于忽略这些声音。）可知，无法忽略某些声音能是恐音症的原因。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Anther implicatin f the research, Gregry says, is that it is nt just the auditry features f the sunds that cause negative reactins but the meaning attached t them. An example wuld be a reactin t the jingling f a dg’s cllar after being frightened by an aggressive dg.”（格雷戈里说，这项研究的另一个含义是，引起负面反应的不仅仅是声音的听觉特征，还有附加在这些声音上的含义。一个例子是，在被一只好斗的狗吓到后，人们对狗项圈发出的丁当声做出反应。）可推知，我们能从文章中了解到与声音有关的物体可能会引发负面反应。故选D项。
D
The need fr clarity extends beynd hw we cmmunicate science t hw we evaluate it. Wh can really define stck phrases such as ‘a significant cntributin t research’? Or understand what ‘high impact’ r ‘wrld-class’ mean? Scientists demand that institutins shuld be clear abut their criteria and cnsider all schlarly utputs—preprints, cde, data, peer review, teaching, mentring and s n.
My view abut the practices in research assessment is that mst assessment guidelines permit sliding standards: instead f clearly defined terms, they give us feel-gd slgans that lack any fixed meaning. Facing the prblem will get us much f the way twards a slutin.
Brad language increases rm fr misunderstanding. ‘High impact’ can be cde fr where research is published. Or it can mean the effect that research has had n its field, r n sciety lcally r glbally—ften very different things. Yet cnfusin is the least f the prblems. Wrds such as ‘wrld-class’ and ‘excellent’ allw assessrs t vary cmparisns depending n whse wrk they are assessing. Academia(学术界) cannt be a fair and reasnable system if standards change depending n whm we are evaluating. Uncnscius bias(偏见) assciated with factrs such as a researcher’s gender, ethnic rigin and scial backgrund helps the academic injustice cntinue. It was nly with duble-blind review f research prpsals that wmen finally gt fair access t the Hubble Space Telescpe.
Many strategies exist t imprve fairness in academia, but cnceptual clarity is paramunt. Being clear abut hw specific qualities are valued leads assessrs t think critically abut whether thse qualities are truly being cnsidered. Achieving that cnceptual clarity requires discussin with faculties, staff and students: hurs and hurs f it. The University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands, fr example, held a series f cnversatins, each invlving 20-60 researchers, and then spent anther year revising its research assessment plicies t recgnize scial impacts.
Frank cnversatins abut what is valued in a particular cntext, r at a specific institutin, are an essential first step in develping cncrete recmmendatins. Althugh ambiguus(模棱两可的) terms, fr instance ‘wrld-class’ and ‘significant’, are a barrier when perfrming assessments, university administratrs have said that they rely n flexible language t make rm t reward a variety f cntributins. S it makes sense that mre specific language in review and prmtin must be able t accmmdate varied utputs, utcmes and impacts f schlarly wrk.
Setting specific standards will be tugh. It will be inviting t fall back n the misleading standards such as impact factrs, r n ambiguus terms that can be agreed t by everyne but applied wisely by n ne. It is t early t knw what thse standards will be r hw much they will vary, but the right discussins are starting t happen. They must cntinue.
31. Regarding the current practices in research assessment, the authr is ________.
A. supprtiveB. puzzled
C. uncncernedD. disapprving
32. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Bias n assessrs can cause inequality.B. Frank cnversatins harm schlarly wrk.
C. Specific qualities need t be clearly stated.D. Brad language ensures academic fairness.
33. What des the wrd “paramunt” underlined in Para. 4 mst prbably mean?
A. primary.B. recgnized.
C. ptinal.D. accmplished.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Fix research assessment. Change slgans fr clear standards.
B. Fix research assessment. Change evaluatins fr cnversatins.
C. Define research assessment. Change simplicity fr specificatin.
D. Define research assessment. Change brad language fr flexible ne.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. A 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章讨论了科研评估中存在的概念不清的问题，并提出了需要明确标准和提高公正性的观点。作者认为目前的评估准则通常允许标准滑动，使用模棱两可的口号代替明确的术语。广泛的语言增加了误解的空间，并导致评估中的主观因素和偏见。为了改善学术界的公正性，需要进行概念上的明确，并与教职员工和学生进行广泛的讨论。文章强调了制定具体标准的困难，但认为必须继续进行正确的讨论。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“My view abut the practices in research assessment is that mst assessment guidelines permit sliding standards: instead f clearly defined terms, they give us feel-gd slgans that lack any fixed meaning. Facing the prblem will get us much f the way twards a slutin.”（我对研究评估实践的看法是，大多数评估指南允许滑动标准：它们给我们的是缺乏任何固定含义的自我感觉良好的口号，而不是明确定义的术语。面对这个问题会让我们在很大程度上找到解决办法。）可推知，对于目前的研究评估实践，作者是不赞成的。故选D项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Academia(学术界) cannt be a fair and reasnable system if standards change depending n whm we are evaluating. Uncnscius bias(偏见) assciated with factrs such as a researcher’s gender, ethnic rigin and scial backgrund helps the academic injustice cntinue.”（如果标准因我们评估的对象而改变，那么学术界就不可能是一个公平合理的体系。与研究者的性别、种族和社会背景等因素相关的无意识偏见有助于学术不公正的持续。）可知，对评估人员的偏见会导致不平等。故选A项。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Being clear abut hw specific qualities are valued leads assessrs t think critically abut whether thse qualities are truly being cnsidered. Achieving that cnceptual clarity requires discussin with faculties, staff and students: hurs and hurs f it.”（明确具体的品质是如何被评估的，会让评估者批判性地思考这些品质是否真的被考虑在内。要实现概念上的清晰，需要与教师、教职员工和学生们进行长时间的讨论。）由此可知，此处为有许多策略可以提高学术界的公平性，但概念的清晰是最重要的。故可猜测划线单词paramunt为“主要的”意思，结合选项A项primary“主要的”，意思一致。故选A项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“My view abut the practices in research assessment is that mst assessment guidelines permit sliding standards: instead f clearly defined terms, they give us feel-gd slgans that lack any fixed meaning. Facing the prblem will get us much f the way twards a slutin.”（我对研究评估实践的看法是，大多数评估指南允许滑动标准：它们给我们的是缺乏任何固定含义的自我感觉良好的口号，而不是明确定义的术语。面对这个问题会让我们在很大程度上找到解决办法。）和最后一段中“It is t early t knw what thse standards will be r hw much they will vary, but the right discussins are starting t happen. They must cntinue.”（现在要知道这些标准将是什么，或者它们会有多大的变化还为时过早，但正确的讨论正在开始进行。它们必须继续下去。）可知，文章主要讨论了科研评估中存在的概念不清的问题，并提出了需要明确标准和提高公正性的观点。作者认为目前的评估准则通常允许标准滑动，使用模棱两可的口号代替明确的术语。广泛的语言增加了误解的空间，并导致评估中的主观因素和偏见。为了改善学术界的公正性，需要进行概念上的明确，并与教职员工和学生进行广泛的讨论。文章强调了制定具体标准的困难，但认为必须继续进行正确的讨论。故文章最好的标题是“修正研究评估。为明确的标准改变口号”。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Bing has been a belved game fr generatins, and fr gd reasn. ___35___ Whether yu’re lking fr a way t spend sme quality time with friends and family, r yu’re just lking fr a fun activity t d at hme, hsting yur wn bing party is a great ptin.
___36___ First, up are the bing cards. Yu can either chse t create yur wn bing cards r use pre-made nes available nline. Yu’ll als need bing markers, which can be anything frm small pieces f paper t pennies r even candy.
Once yu have yur supplies, it’s time t invite yur guests. Yu can invite yur friends and family ver fr a fun night f bing, r yu can even hst a virtual bing party ver vide chat. ___37___ Shuld yu be hsting a virtual party, make sure t send ut the vide chat link ahead f time.
Once everyne has arrived, it’s time t start the game! ___38___ Each card shuld have a unique cmbinatin f numbers n it ranging frm 1 t 90. Make sure that all players have a pen r marker t take dwn the numbers as they are called ut.
The caller is respnsible fr drawing the numbers and calling them ut t the players. Players keep marking the numbers n their cards until smene achieves a winning pattern. There are varius winning patterns in bing, such as cmpleting a rw, clumn, r diagnal line, r achieving a specific shape r design n the bing card. ___39___ When a player achieves the winning pattern, they shuld call ut “Bing” lud and clear t signal that they have wn.
The gal here is t have fun. While sme rganizatin is required, try nt t tun it int a military peratin. After all, bing is the type f game that can bring peple tgether and create a fun and exciting atmsphere.
A. Hand ut the bing cards t each player.
B. Yu can ask yur guests t bring their favurite bing balls, cards and markers.
C. It shuld be decided befre the game starts, and knwn t all players.
D. T hst yur wn bing party, yu’ll need a few supplies.
E. Instead f using traditinal bing numbers and letters, mix it up with different themes.
F. If yu’re hsting an in-persn party, make sure t let yur guests knw what time t arrive.
G. It’s a fun, exciting game and can be enjyed by peple f all ages.
【答案】35. G 36. D 37. F 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宾果游戏以及它的游戏规则。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Bing has been a belved game fr generatins, and fr gd reasn.”（宾果游戏是几代人喜爱的游戏，这是有充分理由的。）引出话题，提到宾果游戏。以及下文“Whether yu’re lking fr a way t spend sme quality time with friends and family, r yu’re just lking fr a fun activity t d at hme, hsting yur wn bing party is a great ptin.”（无论你是在寻找一种与朋友和家人共度美好时光的方式，还是你只是想在家里找一个有趣的活动，举办自己的宾果派对是一个很好的选择。）说明举办宾果派对是一个很好的选择。结合选项G项It’s a fun, exciting game and can be enjyed by peple f all ages.（这是一项有趣、刺激的游戏，所有年龄的人都喜欢。）可知，还是介绍这款游戏的受欢迎，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据下文“First, up are the bing cards. Yu can either chse t create yur wn bing cards r use pre-made nes available nline.”（首先，是宾果牌。您可以选择创建自己的宾果卡或使用预先制作的网上可用的。）可知，提到准备宾果游戏的用品。结合选项D项T hst yur wn bing party, yu’ll need a few supplies.（要举办自己的宾果派对，你需要一些用品。）可知，和下文意思一致，承接上文内容，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Yu can invite yur friends and family ver fr a fun night f bing, r yu can even hst a virtual bing party ver vide chat.”（你可以邀请你的朋友和家人来度过一个有趣的宾果之夜，或者你甚至可以通过视频聊天举办一个虚拟的宾果派对。）可知，提到两种举办宾果派对的方式，一种是面对面的，一种是网上的。以及下文“Shuld yu be hsting a virtual party, make sure t send ut the vide chat link ahead f time.”（如果你要举办一个虚拟聚会，一定要提前发送视频聊天链接。）可知，说明网上举办的宾果派对。由此可推知，空格处应说明现场举办的宾果派对。结合选项F项If yu’re hsting an in-persn party, make sure t let yur guests knw what time t arrive.（如果你要举办一个面对面的聚会，一定要让你的客人知道到达的时间。）符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Once everyne has arrived, it’s time t start the game!”（一旦大家都到了，就该开始游戏了！）说明游戏开始。以及下文“Each card shuld have a unique cmbinatin f numbers n it ranging frm 1 t 90.”（每张卡片上应该有一个唯一的数字组合，从1到90不等。）说明游戏进行的过程。结合选项A项Hand ut the bing cards t each player.（把宾果牌发给每个玩家。）可知，为游戏进行的第一步，承接上文内容，同时引起下文，上下文紧密连接。故选A项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“There are varius winning patterns in bing, such as cmpleting a rw, clumn, r diagnal line, r achieving a specific shape r design n the bing card.”（在宾果游戏中有各种获胜模式，例如完成一行，列或对角线，或在宾果牌上实现特定的形状或设计。）提到宾果游戏中有各种获胜模式。以及下文“When a player achieves the winning pattern, they shuld call ut “Bing” lud and clear t signal that they have wn.”（当玩家达到获胜模式时，他们应该大声而清晰地喊出“Bing”来表明他们赢了。）说明获胜时的情形。结合选项C项It shuld be decided befre the game starts, and knwn t all players.（这应该在比赛开始前决定，并且让所有的玩家都知道。）可知，承接上文内容，该句中It指代的是上文提到的各种获胜模式，同时引起下文，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Nwadays, a lt f yung peple seem t spend much f their free time either watching televisin r playing cmputer games. Certainly, these things are entertaining, but they dn’t cntribute much t develping their brains. Many believe that reading bks, and especially fictin, is a much mre effective way f achieving this. The mst bvius benefit we get frm reading a gd stry is a grwing vcabulary. We cme acrss new wrds in reading and try t understand these wrds thrugh cntext. Gradually, we becme mre cnfident with cmplex wrds. In additin, we imprve in ther areas such as speaking and writing just by reading regularly.
It has als been established that reading fictin is a gd way f develping a gd self-image. Nn-readers r pr readers ften have lw pinins f themselves. Besides, they may perfrm prly in ther subjects because they cannt read and understand the material.
Mst imprtantly, hwever, reading fictin helps us t develp ur brains. The human brain can wrk well when we just d regular things, like driving r walking. Hwever, learning expert Dr. Brian E. Walsh suggested that it can perfrm mre effectively when an element f surprise is added, because this helps t build cnnectins in the brain. In this respect, the psitive effects f reading may be much strnger than previusly thught.
Recent research has shwn that the brain reacts mre strngly t unpredictable than t predictable things. This may explain why peple enjy reading fictin, which generally cntains lts f unpredictable things. Reading fictin enables us t experience fresh scenaris(情节) and identify with the peple we are reading abut. When we mentally create the scenes, the lk f the characters, the smells, and the sunds in the bk, we are exercising ur brain. The brain is challenged. This is a psitive thing because it will cntinue t grw and develp if prperly stimulated. The mre it is used, the better it becmes.
40. Hw des reading help us imprve vcabulary?
______________________________________________________________________
41. What are the prblems fr peple wh seldm read accrding t the passage?
______________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Reading fictin has mre psitive effects n ur brain since fictin shws mre predictable things in ur daily life.
______________________________________________________________________
43. Apart frm what are mentined in the passage, what ther benefit(s) have yu gained frm reading fictin?
______________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. By understanding these wrds thrugh cntext and making us mre cnfident with cmplex wrds.
41. The prblems fr peple wh seldm read are having lw pinins f themselves and influencing their perfrmance in ther subjects.
42. Reading fictin has mre psitive effects n ur brain since fictin shws mre predictable things in ur daily life. Reading fictin has mre psitive effects n ur brain since fictin shws mre unpredictable things in ur daily life.
43. Reading can als relax the md because reading nvels can help us temprarily frget the pressure and bring a sense f pleasure.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是阅读的一些好处。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“We cme acrss new wrds in reading and try t understand these wrds thrugh cntext. Gradually, we becme mre cnfident with cmplex wrds.(我们在阅读中遇到生词，并试着通过语境来理解这些单词。渐渐地，我们对复杂的单词更有信心了。)”可知，在阅读时遇到生词，可以通过语境来理解他们，并且逐渐他对复杂单词更有信心，所以通过语境理解单词来帮助我们对生词更有信心，进而提高我们的词汇量。故答案为By understanding these wrds thrugh cntext and making us mre cnfident with cmplex wrds.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Nn-readers r pr readers ften have lw pinins f themselves. Besides, they may perfrm prly in ther subjects because they cannt read and understand the material.(不阅读或阅读能力差的人往往对自己的评价很低。此外，他们可能在其他科目上表现不佳，因为他们不能阅读和理解材料。)”可知，阅读少的人对自己评价很低，而且会在其他科目上表现不佳，由此可知，很少阅读的人对自己评价很低且影响其他科目上的表现。故答案为The prblems fr peple wh seldm read are having lw pinins f themselves and influencing their perfrmance in ther subjects.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据尾段中的“Recent research has shwn that the brain reacts mre strngly t unpredictable than t predictable things. This may explain why peple enjy reading fictin, which generally cntains lts f unpredictable things.(最近的研究表明，大脑对不可预测的事物比可预测的事物反应更强烈。这也许可以解释为什么人们喜欢读小说，因为小说通常包含许多不可预测的事情。)”可知，研究发现，大脑对不可预测的事物比可预测的事物反应更强烈，由此可知，人们喜欢阅读的原因是小说中含有很多不可预测的事情，所以题干中的predictable错误，应为 unpredictable。故答案为Reading fictin has mre psitive effects n ur brain since fictin shws mre predictable things in ur daily life. Reading fictin has mre psitive effects n ur brain since fictin shws mre unpredictable things in ur daily life.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。除了文中介绍的阅读的好处外，阅读还可以放松心情因为阅读小说是一种良好的休闲活动,可以帮助我们暂时忘记压力和忙碌，带来愉悦感。故答案为Reading can als relax the md because reading nvels can help us temprarily frget the pressure and bring a sense f pleasure.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要参加主题为“The meaning f learning”的演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 你对学习意义的理解或看法；
2. 预祝他比赛成功。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs.
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am delighted t hear abut yur upcming speech cmpetitin n “The meaning f learning.”
In my pinin, learning is a lifelng jurney that ges beynd the classrm. It’s nt just abut acquiring knwledge but als abut develping critical thinking, prblem-slving skills, and understanding the wrld arund us. Learning enables us t pursue ur passins and cntribute psitively t sciety. It shapes ur perspectives and helps us grw as individuals. I wish yu the best f luck in yur cmpetitin, Jim. I’m sure yur insights n this tpic will be inspiring and enlightening fr everyne.
Lking frward t hearing hw it ges!
Best regards
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇演讲稿。作为红星中学高二学生李华，你需要就你的英国笔友Jim即将参加的“The meaning f learning”主题演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 你对学习意义的理解或看法；2. 预祝他比赛成功。
【详解】1.词汇积累
听说：hear abut→ learn abut
高兴的：delighted→ glad
关于：abut→ cncerning
帮助：help→ assist
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I wish yu the best f luck in yur cmpetitin.
拓展句：May frtune favr yu as yu embark n yur cmpetitive jurney.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am delighted t hear abut yur upcming speech cmpetitin n “The meaning f learning”.（使用了动词不定式短语作原因状语）
【高分句型2】In my pinin, learning is a lifelng jurney that ges beynd the classrm.（使用关系代词that为引导词的定语从句）
2024. 01
考生须知：
1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2. 本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4. 本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。
笔试(共三部分100分)
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My brther and I were driving hme tgether and became absrbed in a cnversatin. Because f this ___1___, my brther tk a wrng turn.
Unfrtunately, the wrng turn tk us twards a bridge and we had n way t turn back. Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brther paid the bridge tll and drve n. He was clearly frustrated by the mistake and the ___2___ waste f $4.
We eventually reached an exit slip-way and, as we tk it, my brther nticed a car that stpped by the radside. A yung guy was standing nearby, lking anxius. I was busy trying t ___3___ which way we went next but my brther pulled ver and asked the guy if he needed any help. And he did. He had a(n) ___4___ tire (轮胎) and needed a wrench t get it ff.
My brther gave him a wrench, then prceeded t help him change the flat. The yung man said that this had been a(n) ___5___ week fr him: earlier he had gtten int a minr car accident, and nw this flat n his way hme frm wrk. He kept thanking us because he really wuld have been ___6___ if we hadn’t cme alng. After we had finished the jb, he pulled ut $20 t give t us. “N,” I said.
“We were never ___7___ t even get n that bridge. We tk a wrng turn. But nw we knw why we did. It was t help yu. Thank yu fr turning ur mistake int an pprtunity t ___8___.”
What I lved mst was watching my brther thrughut this prcess. He was able t see a chance t help (which I ttally missed! ) even in an therwise ___9___ situatin. It can nly cme frm a calm mind and a(n) ____10____ heart.
1. A. distractinB. challengeC. hesitatinD. truble
2. A. pricelessB. cuntlessC. needlessD. useless
3. A. debate nB. figure utC. put frwardD. deal with
4. A. spareB. missingC. flatD. unusual
5. A. excitingB. inspiringC. nrmalD. bad
6. A. stuckB. injuredC. lstD. tricked
7. A. allwedB. suppsedC. recmmendedD. chsen
8. A. learnB. tradeC. serveD. wrk
9. A. cmplexB. negativeC. desperateD. dangerus
10. A. braveB. simpleC. heavyD. pen
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和哥哥开车拐错了弯，却在途中帮助了一个陌生人的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为这种分心，我哥哥拐错了弯。A. distractin分心；B. challenge挑战；C. hesitatin犹豫；D. truble麻烦。根据上文中的“My brther and I were driving hme tgether and became absrbed in a cnversatin.”可知，作者与开车的哥哥聊天导致拐错了弯，由此可知，此处指的是“分心”符合语境。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他显然对这个错误和不必要的4美元浪费感到沮丧。A. priceless无价的；B. cuntless无数的；C. needless不必要的；D. useless没用的。根据语境以及上文中的“Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brther paid the bridge tll and drve n.”可知，作者与哥哥拐错弯而付了过桥费，由此可知，此处指“不必要的”符合语境。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我正忙着弄清楚下一步该走哪条路，但我哥哥把车停在路边，问那个人是否需要帮助。A. debate n争辩；B. figure ut弄清楚；C. put frward提出；D. deal with处理。根据语境和上文中的“We eventually reached an exit slip-way”与下文中的“which way we went next”可知，在作者与哥哥开车拐错弯后到达一个出口，作者应是忙着“弄清楚”该走哪条路。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的轮胎瘪了，需要一个扳手才能把它弄下来。A. spare空闲的；B. missing丢失的；C. flat瘪的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据下文中的“and nw this flat n his way hme frm wrk.”可知，此处指的是他的车胎“瘪的”符合语境。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人说这一周对他来说很糟糕：早些时候他出了一场小车祸，现在又在下班回家的路上轮胎瘪了。A. exciting令人激动的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. nrmal正常的；D. bad坏的，糟糕的。根据下文中的“earlier he had gtten int a minr car accident, and nw this flat n his way hme frm wrk.”可知，这个年轻人早些时间出了一场小车祸，现在轮胎又瘪了，所以此处指的是“糟糕的”一周。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不停地感谢我们，因为如果我们不来，他真的会被困在这里。A. stuck困住；B. injured受伤；C. lst迷失；D. tricked欺骗。根据上文中的“He had a(n) ___4___ tire (轮胎) and needed a wrench t get it ff.”可知，这个年轻人的车胎撒了气，需要一个扳手把轮胎卸下来，由此可知，此处指的是如果作者他们不来，他会被“困”在这里。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至都不应该上那座桥。A. allwed允许；B. suppsed假定，预想；C. recmmended推荐；D. chsen选择。根据上文中的“Because f this ___1___ , my brther tk a wrng turn.”可知，哥哥开车拐错了弯，由此可推断，此处指的是不“应该”上那座桥，be suppsed t意为“应该”。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：感谢你们把我们的错误变成了为你服务的机会。A. learn学习；B. trade交易；C. serve服务；D. wrk工作。根据上文中的“We tk a wrng turn. But nw we knw why we did. It was t help yu.”可知，作者和哥哥因为转错弯才上了桥，遇到了这位需要帮助的年轻人，这个错误让他们有机会帮助他人，由此可知，此处指的是“为他人服务”符合语境。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是在消极的情况下。A. cmplex复杂的；B. negative负面的；C. desperate绝望的；D. dangerus危险的。根据上文中的“We tk a wrng turn. But nw we knw why we did. It was t help yu. Thank yu fr turning ur mistake int an pprtunity t ___8___ .””可知，作者与哥哥拐错了弯，遇到了一个需要帮助的年轻人，哥哥把自己的不利境遇转换成一个帮助他人的机会，由此可知，此处应指的是“负面的”符合语境。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它只能来自于冷静的头脑和开放的心灵。A. brave勇敢的；B. simple简单的；C. heavy重的；D. pen思想开明的。根据上文中的“He was able t see a chance t help (which I ttally missed! ) even in an therwise ___9___ situatin.”可知，作者的哥哥把不利的境遇转换成为帮助他人的机会，结合空前的“a calm mind”可知，此处应为“开放的”符合语境。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gather tgether a cuple f gd friends and take a leisurely walk thrugh the streets—this is ___11___ many yungsters in China enjy ding when they visit a new city. This is called Citywalk, a new way fr yung peple t interact with a city and make friends. The trend is spreading frm first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai t secnd and third-tier cities, ___12___ (encurage) mre participants t get invlved. Sme cities have included Citywalk in their plans ___13___ (prmte) cultural turism and leisure turs.
【答案】11. what
12. encuraging
13. t prmte
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是“城市漫步”成为年轻人探索文化景点的新旅游趋势。
【11题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：和几个好朋友聚在一起，在街上悠闲地散步——这是许多中国年轻人到一个新城市时喜欢做的事情。分析句子结构可知，此处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少ding的宾语，结合句意，此处指的是事情，所以使用连接代词what。故填what。
12题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：这一趋势正从北京、上海等一线城市蔓延到二三线城市，鼓励更多的参与者参与其中。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，encurage与逻辑主语The trend之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填encuraging。
【13题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：一些城市已将“城市漫步”纳入其促进文化旅游和休闲旅游的计划中。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词plans应使用动词不定式形式，且表示主动意义。故填t prmte。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Over the past several decades, many different benefits f humr ___14___ (explre). Few peple knw that humr plays an imprtant rle in scial interactins with peers, and ultimately in schl success. Schl entry is the time ___15___ parents fade int the backgrund and scial interactin with peers becmes increasingly imprtant. The use f humur that is scially acceptable leads t a lwer likelihd f being bullied, while the use f self-disparaging (自贬的) humur leads t a ___16___ (high) likelihd f being bullied.
【答案】14. have been explred
15. when 16. higher
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几十年里，幽默探索带来了许多不同的好处。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：在过去的几十年里，许多不同的幽默的好处已经被探索。此处作谓语动词，与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由Over the past several decades可知，应用现在完成时，主语many different benefits f humr是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been explred。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：入学是父母逐渐退居幕后的时期，与同龄人的社会交往变得越来越重要。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【16题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：使用被社会接受的幽默会降低被欺负的可能性，而使用自我贬低的幽默则会增加被欺负的可能性。根据句意以及前面a lwer likelihd和连词while可知，此处为形容词比较级形式higher“更高的”，和前面的lwer形成对比。故填higher。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
G t kindergarten, elementary schl, high schl, and finally, cllege. Mst American kids ___17___ (expect) by their parents t get an educatin and have a gd life. Fr Tara Westver, the utlk was quite different. ___18___ (raise) in a pr family in Idah, Tara was nt allwed t have a prper educatin. Her father ___19___ (keep) her ut f schl, believing a wman’s best place was in the hme. Hw did Tara fight ___20___ the right t get educated? Find the answer in the bestseller Educated.
【答案】17. are expected
18. Raised 19. kept
20. fr
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大多数美国孩子都会接受教育，并且父母会为他们安排好上学的一切。但是对于Tara Westver来说，她并没有接受教育，因为她的父亲认为女人最好呆在家里。
17题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：大多数美国孩子都被他们的父母期待接受教育，并且有有一个好的教育。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“and have a gd life”可知，空处的时态为一般现在时。句子主语“mst American kids”为复数，与动词“expect”为动宾关系，所以语态为被动语态，所以空处用are expected，故填expected。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：塔拉在爱达荷州的一个贫困家庭长大，不被允许接受适当的教育。分析句子可知，逗号前的内容在句中为状语，句子主语“Tara”与动词“raise”为动宾关系，所以空处用过去分词raised表示被动。处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Raised。
【19题详解】
考查时态。句意：她父亲不让她上学，认为女人最好待在家里。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“was”可知，空处的时态为一般过去时。故填kept。
20题详解】
考查介词。句意：塔拉如何争取受教育的权利呢？短语：fight fr“争取……”，为固定搭配。故填fr。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Ultimate Guide t STEM Cmpetitins & Events
STEM cmpetitins allw individuals r student teams t slve a specific challenge r prblem thrugh science, technlgy, engineering, r mathematics. The fllwings are different events at this time.
Cngressinal App Challenge
What: Students must cde and build an app by themselves. The apps are judged in district-wide cmpetitins.
Wh: High schl students.
When: Frm June 15 t Nvember 1, 2023.
Where: Online.
Prize: Winners receive a free trip t display their wrk in the Capitl Building.
Regenern Science Talent Search
What: Entrants must cnduct an riginal independent research prject. Besides applicatin letters, recmmendatin letters and transcripts(成绩单) are als needed.
Wh: Any student in their senir year f high schl.
When: Frm June 1 t Nvember 8, 2023.
Where: Selected finalists will receive an all-expenses-paid trip t Washingtn D. C. fr in-depth judging.
Prize: Over $2 millin in awards are given; first-place prize is $ 250,000.
THINK Challenges
What: This cmpetitin is fr high schl students wh are in the early stages f an riginal research prject, rather than being fully cmpleted.
Wh: High schl students.
When: 2023 registratin is clsed; 2024 details are t be decided and will likely pen in Nvember 2023.
Where: Online.
Prize: Selected finalists are invited t a 4-day all-expenses-paid trip t MIT’s campus t meet prfessrs in their field f research! $1000 will be given.
Surce America Design Challenge
What: Student teams are t use STEM cncepts t create a ttally new prduct that empwers peple with disabilities.
Wh: High schl and cllegiate-level students.
When: Registratin fr Design Challenge 2022 is still live!
Where: The finals take place in Washingtn D. C.
Prize: Grand prize is $ 8,000 per team and $ 6,000 t the affiliated schl.
21. In the STEM cmpetitins, participants can ________.
A. design an app based n judges’ chicesB. create an inventin t help the disabled
C. present a fully cmpleted research prjectD. get recmmendatin letters frm prfessrs
22. If smene wants t win a free trip t a university, the ne will jin in ________.
A. THINK ChallengesB. Cngressinal App Challenge
C. Regenern Science Talent SearchD. Surce America Design Challenge
23. Which is a requirement fr all the applicants?
A They must be available fr an uting trip.B. They must register 2023 cmpetitins.
C. They must be high schl senirs.D. They must submit riginal wrks.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了STEM( Science, Technlgy, Engineering, Mathematics)的四场赛事活动。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干关键词“participants can”，可定位到每个黑体字部分下的“What”的内容中。根据第一个黑体字下“What: Students must cde and build an app by themselves.（竞赛内容：学生必须自己编写和构建一个应用程序。）”可知，学生是自己编写和构建一个应用程序，并非根据评委的选择，选项A错误；根据第二个黑体字下“What: Entrants must cnduct an riginal independent research prject. Besides applicatin letters, recmmendatin letters and transcripts(成绩单) are als needed.（竞赛内容：参赛者必须进行原创的独立研究项目。除了申请信外，还需要推荐信和成绩单。）”可知，参与者需要携带推荐信，而不是得到教授的推荐信，选项D错误；根据第三个黑体字下“What: This cmpetitin is fr high schl students wh are in the early stages f an riginal research prject, rather than being fully cmpleted.（竞赛内容：该竞赛面向初创性研究项目的高中生，而不是完全完成的高中生。）”可知，参赛者的项目为初创性研究项目，并非已经完全完成，选项C错误；为第四个黑体字下“What: Student teams are t use STEM cncepts t create a ttally new prduct that empwers peple with disabilities.（竞赛内容：学生团队将使用STEM概念创建一个全新的产品，赋予残疾人权力。）”可知，参赛者要使用STEM概念创建一个全新的产品，赋予残疾人权力，即创建一个能帮助残疾人的产品，选项B与文意相符，故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“THINK Challenges”部分“Prize: Selected finalists are invited t a 4-day all-expenses-paid trip t MIT’s campus t meet prfessrs in their field f research!（奖品：入选的决赛选手将被邀请到麻省理工学院校园进行为期4天的免费旅行，与他们研究领域的教授会面！）”可知，赢得这项活动的参赛者将会被邀请到麻省理工学院校园进行为期4天的免费旅行，与他们研究领域的教授会面！所以，要赢得一个免费去大学的旅行，参赛者可以参加此赛事。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干要求可知，题目询问的是所有活动的参赛者要满足的要求。结合四项活动中对参赛对象的要求“Students must cde and build an app by themselves. (学生必须自己编写代码和构建应用程序)”“Entrants must cnduct an riginal independent research prject. (参赛者必须进行原创的独立研究项目)”“This cmpetitin is fr high schl students wh are in the early stages f an riginal research prject, rather than being fully cmpleted. (这项比赛面向的是处于原始研究项目早期阶段而不是完全完成的高中生)”“Student teams are t use STEM cncepts t create a ttally new prduct that empwers peple with disabilities. (学生团队将使用STEM概念创造一种全新的产品，赋予残疾人权力。)”可知，所有的赛事要求参赛者必须提交原创作品。故选D项。
B
A 12-year-ld girl frm Miller Middle Schl in San Jse has wn the tp prize with $25, 000 in a science fair. Her inventin is a new fire detectin system that can faster detect(探测) the heat surces. It’s als cheaper and mre reliable than smke detectrs.
In the summer f 2022, a restaurant behind Shanya’s huse was burned t the grund. Since then, Shanya’s mther became increasingly cautius abut the stve in the kitchen. It wasn’t that the restaurant didn’t have smke detectrs, but they require there is a significant amunt f smke first, which can smetimes mean a fire has already started and gtten ut f cntrl. This incident inspired her t create a fire detectin system t help peple suffer less lss frm fires.
One day, Shanya discvered that thermal cameras can detect heat lss in hmes during winter mnths. She wndered if these cameras culd als spt huse fires mre quickly than traditinal smke detectrs.
Shanya cnnected an affrdable thermal camera t a tiny cmputer. She prgrammed her system t differentiate between peple—which were identified as warm mving bjects—and heat surces, such as a turned-n gas burner, which were identified as ht bjects that remained still.
The system can send a text message when it detects a fire but n human presence fr a cntinuus 10-minute perid. Shanya cnducted multiple trials at varius times f day and with peple entering the camera’s view frm different directins. In the end, Shanya’s system accurately detected human presence 98% f the time and heat surces 97% f the time.
Shanya determined that the best place fr the detectr wuld be n the wall abve the stve but under the stve range—this allwed its sensrs t have clear access t the mst likely lcatins where a fire might start in a kitchen.
After her victry, the 12-year-ld has said she wants t refine the device by cmbining it with a smartphne app. The app will allw users t quickly switch ver t a camera after receiving a text message s they can see if the alert is crrect.
24. Why did Shanya invent the new fire detectin system?
A. T cmpete in the science fair.B. T relieve her anxiety abut fire.
C. T help reduce peple’s fire lss.D. T market it fr mass prductin.
25. When the kitchen is n fire, Shanya’s fire detectin system can ________.
A. find ut heat surcesB. give a fire alarm
C. recrd the burning prcessD. identify different peple
26. T make the detectin system mre accurate, Shanya ________.
A. tested all kinds f sensrsB. placed it n the ceiling
C cnducted sme experimentsD. cmbined it with an app
27. Accrding t the passage, which can best describe Shanya?
A. Outging and smart.B. Helpful and generus.
C. Mdest and determined.D. Creative and hardwrking.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是一个12岁的小女孩Shanya发明的火灾探测系统在一次科学展览中获得了最高奖。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This incident inspired her t create a fire detectin system t help peple suffer less lss frm fires.(这件事激发了她的灵感，让她发明了一套火灾探测系统，帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失。)”可知，她发明了一套火灾探测系统以帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失，由此可知，Shanya发明火灾探测系统是为了帮助减少火灾损失。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The system can send a text message when it detects a fire but n human presence fr a cntinuus 10-minute perid.(当系统检测到火灾，但连续10分钟没有人在场时，它可以发送一条短信。)”可知，系统探测到火灾但连续10分钟没人在场便会发送一条短信，由此可知，系统探测到火灾后会发出警示。故选B项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Shanya cnducted multiple trials at varius times f day and with peple entering the camera’s view frm different directins. In the end, Shanya’s system accurately detected human presence 98% f the time and heat surces 97% f the time.(Shanya在一天中的不同时间进行了多次试验，人们从不同的方向进入相机的视野。最后，善雅的系统在98%的时间里准确地检测到人的存在，在97%的时间里准确地检测到热源。)”可知，Shanya在一天中不同的时间，不同的方向进行多次试验，最后她的系统在98%的时间里准确测到人的存在，在97%的时间里能测到热源，由此可知，为提高该系统的准确性，Shanya做了很多实验。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“This incident inspired her t create a fire detectin system t help peple suffer less lss frm fires.(这件事激发了她的灵感，让她发明了一套火灾探测系统，帮助人们减少火灾造成的损失。)”可知，Shanya在事故的激发下，发明了一套火灾探测系统，说明她很有创造力；根据第五段中的“Shanya cnducted multiple trials at varius times f day and with peple entering the camera’s view frm different directins. In the end, Shanya’s system accurately detected human presence 98% f the time and heat surces 97% f the time.(Shanya在一天中的不同时间进行了多次试验，人们从不同的方向进入相机的视野。最后，善雅的系统在98%的时间里准确地检测到人的存在，在97%的时间里准确地检测到热源。)”可知，Shanya在一天中不同的时间，不同的方向进行多次试验，最后她的系统在98%的时间里准确测到人的存在，在97%的时间里能测到热源，由此可知，为提高该系统的准确性，Shanya做了很多实验，由此可知她非常地勤奋，综合以上信息可知，Shanya是一个有创造力且勤奋的人。故选D项。
C
Fr sme it is the sund f a buncing basketball. Fr thers the clearing f a thrat. Fr Dr. Jane Gregry the list includes pigens, ticking clcks and the sund f ppcrn being eaten. “I cried n the plane the ther day because I culdn’t figure ut the vlume n my new headphnes and s I culdn’t blck ut the sund f a guy sniffing,” she says. Gregry is amng thse wh experience misphnia, a phenmenn in which particular sunds can prve unbearable, triggering(引起)emtins frm anxiety and panic t shame and anger. Nw in her bk, Sunds Like Misphnia, the academic is n a missin t explre what’s behind it, and t help thse affected cpe.
Gregry, a clinical psychlgist at the University f Oxfrd, suggests misphnia is far frm being a simple sensitivity t sund. It can be fed by a cmplex interplay f factrs, including a lwer ability t filter ut certain nises, the assciatin f negative meanings with particular sunds, and the burden f feelings assciated with an emtinal respnse t them.
Yet, the phenmenn was largely unknwn until the 2010s. In ne study, researchers asked peple with high and lw traits f misphnia t listen ut fr a “trigger” sund in the presence f a masking sund. Bth grups detected the trigger just as easily. “The persn with misphnia had a mre intense reactin, but nly after they identified what the sund was,” adds Gregry. Thse results, she says, suggest that peple with misphnia are nt inherently better at detecting particular sunds, such as a sniff r a rustle—rather they might be listening ut fr them mre, r nt be as gd as thers at tuning them ut. This is a trait, Gregry speculates, that might have ffered ur ancestrs an evlutinary advantage, such as helping them t detect hiding predatrs. Anther implicatin f the research, Gregry says, is that it is nt just the auditry features f the sunds that cause negative reactins but the meaning attached t them. An example wuld be a reactin t the jingling f a dg’s cllar after being frightened by an aggressive dg.
Gregry hpes her bk will supprt thse t ften tld t ignre sunds. She says: “The emtinal reactin is much mre cmplex than just being annyed... They feel trapped and helpless when they encunter these sunds. If yu think it’s nthing, then yu’re nt experiencing what this persn is experiencing.”
28. Misphnia is a phenmenn where ________.
A. peple fail t recgnize particular sundsB. specific sunds cause negative emtins
C. different feelings are mixed up tgetherD. peple lse cntrl f their emtins
29. Which f the fllwing might be the cause f misphnia?
A. Trigger sunds f similar rigins.B. Disability t ignre certain sunds.
C. Understanding f particular sunds.D. Inbrn ability t tell certain sunds.
30. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. T detect certain sunds is a slutin t misphnia.
B. Peple with misphnia are well understd by thers.
C. Peple can benefit frm misphnia in sme situatins.
D. Objects related t sunds may trigger negative reactins.
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了恐音症患者以及探索这一现象背后的原因。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Gregry is amng thse wh experience misphnia, a phenmenn in which particular sunds can prve unbearable, triggering(引起)emtins frm anxiety and panic t shame and anger.”（格雷戈里就是恐音症患者之一。恐音症患者无法忍受特定的声音，从而引发焦虑、恐慌、羞愧和愤怒等情绪。）可知，恐音症是一种特定的声音会引起负面情绪的现象。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thse results, she says, suggest that peple with misphnia are nt inherently better at detecting particular sunds, such as a sniff r a rustle—rather they might be listening ut fr them mre, r nt be as gd as thers at tuning them ut.”（她说，这些结果表明，患有恐音症的人并不是天生就更擅长探测特定的声音，比如嗅嗅声或沙沙声——相反，他们可能会更多地倾听这些声音，或者不像其他人那样善于忽略这些声音。）可知，无法忽略某些声音能是恐音症的原因。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Anther implicatin f the research, Gregry says, is that it is nt just the auditry features f the sunds that cause negative reactins but the meaning attached t them. An example wuld be a reactin t the jingling f a dg’s cllar after being frightened by an aggressive dg.”（格雷戈里说，这项研究的另一个含义是，引起负面反应的不仅仅是声音的听觉特征，还有附加在这些声音上的含义。一个例子是，在被一只好斗的狗吓到后，人们对狗项圈发出的丁当声做出反应。）可推知，我们能从文章中了解到与声音有关的物体可能会引发负面反应。故选D项。
D
The need fr clarity extends beynd hw we cmmunicate science t hw we evaluate it. Wh can really define stck phrases such as ‘a significant cntributin t research’? Or understand what ‘high impact’ r ‘wrld-class’ mean? Scientists demand that institutins shuld be clear abut their criteria and cnsider all schlarly utputs—preprints, cde, data, peer review, teaching, mentring and s n.
My view abut the practices in research assessment is that mst assessment guidelines permit sliding standards: instead f clearly defined terms, they give us feel-gd slgans that lack any fixed meaning. Facing the prblem will get us much f the way twards a slutin.
Brad language increases rm fr misunderstanding. ‘High impact’ can be cde fr where research is published. Or it can mean the effect that research has had n its field, r n sciety lcally r glbally—ften very different things. Yet cnfusin is the least f the prblems. Wrds such as ‘wrld-class’ and ‘excellent’ allw assessrs t vary cmparisns depending n whse wrk they are assessing. Academia(学术界) cannt be a fair and reasnable system if standards change depending n whm we are evaluating. Uncnscius bias(偏见) assciated with factrs such as a researcher’s gender, ethnic rigin and scial backgrund helps the academic injustice cntinue. It was nly with duble-blind review f research prpsals that wmen finally gt fair access t the Hubble Space Telescpe.
Many strategies exist t imprve fairness in academia, but cnceptual clarity is paramunt. Being clear abut hw specific qualities are valued leads assessrs t think critically abut whether thse qualities are truly being cnsidered. Achieving that cnceptual clarity requires discussin with faculties, staff and students: hurs and hurs f it. The University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands, fr example, held a series f cnversatins, each invlving 20-60 researchers, and then spent anther year revising its research assessment plicies t recgnize scial impacts.
Frank cnversatins abut what is valued in a particular cntext, r at a specific institutin, are an essential first step in develping cncrete recmmendatins. Althugh ambiguus(模棱两可的) terms, fr instance ‘wrld-class’ and ‘significant’, are a barrier when perfrming assessments, university administratrs have said that they rely n flexible language t make rm t reward a variety f cntributins. S it makes sense that mre specific language in review and prmtin must be able t accmmdate varied utputs, utcmes and impacts f schlarly wrk.
Setting specific standards will be tugh. It will be inviting t fall back n the misleading standards such as impact factrs, r n ambiguus terms that can be agreed t by everyne but applied wisely by n ne. It is t early t knw what thse standards will be r hw much they will vary, but the right discussins are starting t happen. They must cntinue.
31. Regarding the current practices in research assessment, the authr is ________.
A. supprtiveB. puzzled
C. uncncernedD. disapprving
32. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Bias n assessrs can cause inequality.B. Frank cnversatins harm schlarly wrk.
C. Specific qualities need t be clearly stated.D. Brad language ensures academic fairness.
33. What des the wrd “paramunt” underlined in Para. 4 mst prbably mean?
A. primary.B. recgnized.
C. ptinal.D. accmplished.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Fix research assessment. Change slgans fr clear standards.
B. Fix research assessment. Change evaluatins fr cnversatins.
C. Define research assessment. Change simplicity fr specificatin.
D. Define research assessment. Change brad language fr flexible ne.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. A 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章讨论了科研评估中存在的概念不清的问题，并提出了需要明确标准和提高公正性的观点。作者认为目前的评估准则通常允许标准滑动，使用模棱两可的口号代替明确的术语。广泛的语言增加了误解的空间，并导致评估中的主观因素和偏见。为了改善学术界的公正性，需要进行概念上的明确，并与教职员工和学生进行广泛的讨论。文章强调了制定具体标准的困难，但认为必须继续进行正确的讨论。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“My view abut the practices in research assessment is that mst assessment guidelines permit sliding standards: instead f clearly defined terms, they give us feel-gd slgans that lack any fixed meaning. Facing the prblem will get us much f the way twards a slutin.”（我对研究评估实践的看法是，大多数评估指南允许滑动标准：它们给我们的是缺乏任何固定含义的自我感觉良好的口号，而不是明确定义的术语。面对这个问题会让我们在很大程度上找到解决办法。）可推知，对于目前的研究评估实践，作者是不赞成的。故选D项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Academia(学术界) cannt be a fair and reasnable system if standards change depending n whm we are evaluating. Uncnscius bias(偏见) assciated with factrs such as a researcher’s gender, ethnic rigin and scial backgrund helps the academic injustice cntinue.”（如果标准因我们评估的对象而改变，那么学术界就不可能是一个公平合理的体系。与研究者的性别、种族和社会背景等因素相关的无意识偏见有助于学术不公正的持续。）可知，对评估人员的偏见会导致不平等。故选A项。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Being clear abut hw specific qualities are valued leads assessrs t think critically abut whether thse qualities are truly being cnsidered. Achieving that cnceptual clarity requires discussin with faculties, staff and students: hurs and hurs f it.”（明确具体的品质是如何被评估的，会让评估者批判性地思考这些品质是否真的被考虑在内。要实现概念上的清晰，需要与教师、教职员工和学生们进行长时间的讨论。）由此可知，此处为有许多策略可以提高学术界的公平性，但概念的清晰是最重要的。故可猜测划线单词paramunt为“主要的”意思，结合选项A项primary“主要的”，意思一致。故选A项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“My view abut the practices in research assessment is that mst assessment guidelines permit sliding standards: instead f clearly defined terms, they give us feel-gd slgans that lack any fixed meaning. Facing the prblem will get us much f the way twards a slutin.”（我对研究评估实践的看法是，大多数评估指南允许滑动标准：它们给我们的是缺乏任何固定含义的自我感觉良好的口号，而不是明确定义的术语。面对这个问题会让我们在很大程度上找到解决办法。）和最后一段中“It is t early t knw what thse standards will be r hw much they will vary, but the right discussins are starting t happen. They must cntinue.”（现在要知道这些标准将是什么，或者它们会有多大的变化还为时过早，但正确的讨论正在开始进行。它们必须继续下去。）可知，文章主要讨论了科研评估中存在的概念不清的问题，并提出了需要明确标准和提高公正性的观点。作者认为目前的评估准则通常允许标准滑动，使用模棱两可的口号代替明确的术语。广泛的语言增加了误解的空间，并导致评估中的主观因素和偏见。为了改善学术界的公正性，需要进行概念上的明确，并与教职员工和学生进行广泛的讨论。文章强调了制定具体标准的困难，但认为必须继续进行正确的讨论。故文章最好的标题是“修正研究评估。为明确的标准改变口号”。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Bing has been a belved game fr generatins, and fr gd reasn. ___35___ Whether yu’re lking fr a way t spend sme quality time with friends and family, r yu’re just lking fr a fun activity t d at hme, hsting yur wn bing party is a great ptin.
___36___ First, up are the bing cards. Yu can either chse t create yur wn bing cards r use pre-made nes available nline. Yu’ll als need bing markers, which can be anything frm small pieces f paper t pennies r even candy.
Once yu have yur supplies, it’s time t invite yur guests. Yu can invite yur friends and family ver fr a fun night f bing, r yu can even hst a virtual bing party ver vide chat. ___37___ Shuld yu be hsting a virtual party, make sure t send ut the vide chat link ahead f time.
Once everyne has arrived, it’s time t start the game! ___38___ Each card shuld have a unique cmbinatin f numbers n it ranging frm 1 t 90. Make sure that all players have a pen r marker t take dwn the numbers as they are called ut.
The caller is respnsible fr drawing the numbers and calling them ut t the players. Players keep marking the numbers n their cards until smene achieves a winning pattern. There are varius winning patterns in bing, such as cmpleting a rw, clumn, r diagnal line, r achieving a specific shape r design n the bing card. ___39___ When a player achieves the winning pattern, they shuld call ut “Bing” lud and clear t signal that they have wn.
The gal here is t have fun. While sme rganizatin is required, try nt t tun it int a military peratin. After all, bing is the type f game that can bring peple tgether and create a fun and exciting atmsphere.
A. Hand ut the bing cards t each player.
B. Yu can ask yur guests t bring their favurite bing balls, cards and markers.
C. It shuld be decided befre the game starts, and knwn t all players.
D. T hst yur wn bing party, yu’ll need a few supplies.
E. Instead f using traditinal bing numbers and letters, mix it up with different themes.
F. If yu’re hsting an in-persn party, make sure t let yur guests knw what time t arrive.
G. It’s a fun, exciting game and can be enjyed by peple f all ages.
【答案】35. G 36. D 37. F 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宾果游戏以及它的游戏规则。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Bing has been a belved game fr generatins, and fr gd reasn.”（宾果游戏是几代人喜爱的游戏，这是有充分理由的。）引出话题，提到宾果游戏。以及下文“Whether yu’re lking fr a way t spend sme quality time with friends and family, r yu’re just lking fr a fun activity t d at hme, hsting yur wn bing party is a great ptin.”（无论你是在寻找一种与朋友和家人共度美好时光的方式，还是你只是想在家里找一个有趣的活动，举办自己的宾果派对是一个很好的选择。）说明举办宾果派对是一个很好的选择。结合选项G项It’s a fun, exciting game and can be enjyed by peple f all ages.（这是一项有趣、刺激的游戏，所有年龄的人都喜欢。）可知，还是介绍这款游戏的受欢迎，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据下文“First, up are the bing cards. Yu can either chse t create yur wn bing cards r use pre-made nes available nline.”（首先，是宾果牌。您可以选择创建自己的宾果卡或使用预先制作的网上可用的。）可知，提到准备宾果游戏的用品。结合选项D项T hst yur wn bing party, yu’ll need a few supplies.（要举办自己的宾果派对，你需要一些用品。）可知，和下文意思一致，承接上文内容，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Yu can invite yur friends and family ver fr a fun night f bing, r yu can even hst a virtual bing party ver vide chat.”（你可以邀请你的朋友和家人来度过一个有趣的宾果之夜，或者你甚至可以通过视频聊天举办一个虚拟的宾果派对。）可知，提到两种举办宾果派对的方式，一种是面对面的，一种是网上的。以及下文“Shuld yu be hsting a virtual party, make sure t send ut the vide chat link ahead f time.”（如果你要举办一个虚拟聚会，一定要提前发送视频聊天链接。）可知，说明网上举办的宾果派对。由此可推知，空格处应说明现场举办的宾果派对。结合选项F项If yu’re hsting an in-persn party, make sure t let yur guests knw what time t arrive.（如果你要举办一个面对面的聚会，一定要让你的客人知道到达的时间。）符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Once everyne has arrived, it’s time t start the game!”（一旦大家都到了，就该开始游戏了！）说明游戏开始。以及下文“Each card shuld have a unique cmbinatin f numbers n it ranging frm 1 t 90.”（每张卡片上应该有一个唯一的数字组合，从1到90不等。）说明游戏进行的过程。结合选项A项Hand ut the bing cards t each player.（把宾果牌发给每个玩家。）可知，为游戏进行的第一步，承接上文内容，同时引起下文，上下文紧密连接。故选A项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“There are varius winning patterns in bing, such as cmpleting a rw, clumn, r diagnal line, r achieving a specific shape r design n the bing card.”（在宾果游戏中有各种获胜模式，例如完成一行，列或对角线，或在宾果牌上实现特定的形状或设计。）提到宾果游戏中有各种获胜模式。以及下文“When a player achieves the winning pattern, they shuld call ut “Bing” lud and clear t signal that they have wn.”（当玩家达到获胜模式时，他们应该大声而清晰地喊出“Bing”来表明他们赢了。）说明获胜时的情形。结合选项C项It shuld be decided befre the game starts, and knwn t all players.（这应该在比赛开始前决定，并且让所有的玩家都知道。）可知，承接上文内容，该句中It指代的是上文提到的各种获胜模式，同时引起下文，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Nwadays, a lt f yung peple seem t spend much f their free time either watching televisin r playing cmputer games. Certainly, these things are entertaining, but they dn’t cntribute much t develping their brains. Many believe that reading bks, and especially fictin, is a much mre effective way f achieving this. The mst bvius benefit we get frm reading a gd stry is a grwing vcabulary. We cme acrss new wrds in reading and try t understand these wrds thrugh cntext. Gradually, we becme mre cnfident with cmplex wrds. In additin, we imprve in ther areas such as speaking and writing just by reading regularly.
It has als been established that reading fictin is a gd way f develping a gd self-image. Nn-readers r pr readers ften have lw pinins f themselves. Besides, they may perfrm prly in ther subjects because they cannt read and understand the material.
Mst imprtantly, hwever, reading fictin helps us t develp ur brains. The human brain can wrk well when we just d regular things, like driving r walking. Hwever, learning expert Dr. Brian E. Walsh suggested that it can perfrm mre effectively when an element f surprise is added, because this helps t build cnnectins in the brain. In this respect, the psitive effects f reading may be much strnger than previusly thught.
Recent research has shwn that the brain reacts mre strngly t unpredictable than t predictable things. This may explain why peple enjy reading fictin, which generally cntains lts f unpredictable things. Reading fictin enables us t experience fresh scenaris(情节) and identify with the peple we are reading abut. When we mentally create the scenes, the lk f the characters, the smells, and the sunds in the bk, we are exercising ur brain. The brain is challenged. This is a psitive thing because it will cntinue t grw and develp if prperly stimulated. The mre it is used, the better it becmes.
40. Hw des reading help us imprve vcabulary?
______________________________________________________________________
41. What are the prblems fr peple wh seldm read accrding t the passage?
______________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Reading fictin has mre psitive effects n ur brain since fictin shws mre predictable things in ur daily life.
______________________________________________________________________
43. Apart frm what are mentined in the passage, what ther benefit(s) have yu gained frm reading fictin?
______________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. By understanding these wrds thrugh cntext and making us mre cnfident with cmplex wrds.
41. The prblems fr peple wh seldm read are having lw pinins f themselves and influencing their perfrmance in ther subjects.
42. Reading fictin has mre psitive effects n ur brain since fictin shws mre predictable things in ur daily life. Reading fictin has mre psitive effects n ur brain since fictin shws mre unpredictable things in ur daily life.
43. Reading can als relax the md because reading nvels can help us temprarily frget the pressure and bring a sense f pleasure.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是阅读的一些好处。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“We cme acrss new wrds in reading and try t understand these wrds thrugh cntext. Gradually, we becme mre cnfident with cmplex wrds.(我们在阅读中遇到生词，并试着通过语境来理解这些单词。渐渐地，我们对复杂的单词更有信心了。)”可知，在阅读时遇到生词，可以通过语境来理解他们，并且逐渐他对复杂单词更有信心，所以通过语境理解单词来帮助我们对生词更有信心，进而提高我们的词汇量。故答案为By understanding these wrds thrugh cntext and making us mre cnfident with cmplex wrds.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Nn-readers r pr readers ften have lw pinins f themselves. Besides, they may perfrm prly in ther subjects because they cannt read and understand the material.(不阅读或阅读能力差的人往往对自己的评价很低。此外，他们可能在其他科目上表现不佳，因为他们不能阅读和理解材料。)”可知，阅读少的人对自己评价很低，而且会在其他科目上表现不佳，由此可知，很少阅读的人对自己评价很低且影响其他科目上的表现。故答案为The prblems fr peple wh seldm read are having lw pinins f themselves and influencing their perfrmance in ther subjects.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据尾段中的“Recent research has shwn that the brain reacts mre strngly t unpredictable than t predictable things. This may explain why peple enjy reading fictin, which generally cntains lts f unpredictable things.(最近的研究表明，大脑对不可预测的事物比可预测的事物反应更强烈。这也许可以解释为什么人们喜欢读小说，因为小说通常包含许多不可预测的事情。)”可知，研究发现，大脑对不可预测的事物比可预测的事物反应更强烈，由此可知，人们喜欢阅读的原因是小说中含有很多不可预测的事情，所以题干中的predictable错误，应为 unpredictable。故答案为Reading fictin has mre psitive effects n ur brain since fictin shws mre predictable things in ur daily life. Reading fictin has mre psitive effects n ur brain since fictin shws mre unpredictable things in ur daily life.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。除了文中介绍的阅读的好处外，阅读还可以放松心情因为阅读小说是一种良好的休闲活动,可以帮助我们暂时忘记压力和忙碌，带来愉悦感。故答案为Reading can als relax the md because reading nvels can help us temprarily frget the pressure and bring a sense f pleasure.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要参加主题为“The meaning f learning”的演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 你对学习意义的理解或看法；
2. 预祝他比赛成功。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs.
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am delighted t hear abut yur upcming speech cmpetitin n “The meaning f learning.”
In my pinin, learning is a lifelng jurney that ges beynd the classrm. It’s nt just abut acquiring knwledge but als abut develping critical thinking, prblem-slving skills, and understanding the wrld arund us. Learning enables us t pursue ur passins and cntribute psitively t sciety. It shapes ur perspectives and helps us grw as individuals. I wish yu the best f luck in yur cmpetitin, Jim. I’m sure yur insights n this tpic will be inspiring and enlightening fr everyne.
Lking frward t hearing hw it ges!
Best regards
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇演讲稿。作为红星中学高二学生李华，你需要就你的英国笔友Jim即将参加的“The meaning f learning”主题演讲比赛，来信询问你对学习的意义的理解或看法。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 你对学习意义的理解或看法；2. 预祝他比赛成功。
【详解】1.词汇积累
听说：hear abut→ learn abut
高兴的：delighted→ glad
关于：abut→ cncerning
帮助：help→ assist
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I wish yu the best f luck in yur cmpetitin.
拓展句：May frtune favr yu as yu embark n yur cmpetitive jurney.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am delighted t hear abut yur upcming speech cmpetitin n “The meaning f learning”.（使用了动词不定式短语作原因状语）
【高分句型2】In my pinin, learning is a lifelng jurney that ges beynd the classrm.（使用关系代词that为引导词的定语从句）
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