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北京市2024-2025学年新高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份北京市2024-2025学年新高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题（解析版），共19页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It was in the cld midwinter, and the wayfaring cuple walked thrugh the cld night.The father-t-be ___1___ the radside, seeking shelter, where his struggling cmpanin might rest ___2___ fr the night. She labred alng, her way made heavier by the new life grwing inside her.
Their names were Pepper and Cper, a pair f beagles (米格鲁猎犬).
Gus Kiebel, a cunty wildlife fficer, was driving hme frm wrk when he ___3___ the pair in the flash f his headlights. It was snwing s hard, but he culd tell the dgs were wearing cllars and tags. What were they ding ut here when it was t cld fr dgs t g utside? Gus parked his truck and ___4___ the animals. He stretched ut his hands t the beagles, which made n ___5___ t escape. He read their tags by his truck’s headlights: the female was named Pepper, and the male was Cper. He then called the number listed, but it was snwing s hard that his ___6___ blurred.
He placed the dgs nt the passenger seat and they were snuggled tgether there. Gus dried his phne and dialed the number again. A man answered and immediately grew ___7___ when Gus tld him why he was calling. “I gave thse dgs away,” the man said, “They’re nt mine anymre.”
These beagles were ____8____. Gus nticed their large eyes pleading. He then brught them hme. The Kiebels prepared a bed fr the dgs n their warm enclsed prch, als ____9____ fd and water. The exhausted animals lay tgether.
It’s a simple stry — peple wh practice kindness give shelter frm a strm t a hmeless cuple — but it speaks t the best f ur ____10____.
1. A. blckedB. guardedC. scannedD. identified
2. A. safelyB. happilyC. quicklyD. willingly
3. A. trackedB. spttedC. ignredD. hunted
4. A. pattedB. prtectedC. testedD. apprached
5. A. effrtB. meaningC. cnsensusD. cntact
6. A. truckB. screenC. mindD. headlight
7. A. interestedB. embarrassedC. defensiveD. talkative
8. A. avidedB. adptedC. appreciatedD. abandned
9. A. giving utB. setting utC. putting utD. carrying ut
10. A. natureB. talentC. pursuitD. advantage
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述格斯·基贝尔救助一对米格鲁猎犬的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位准爸爸察看路边，寻找避难所，在那里，他苦苦挣扎的同伴可以安全地休息过夜。A. blcked封锁；B. guarded守卫；C. scanned扫描，察看；D. identified鉴定。由下文“seeking shelter”可知，这个准爸爸狗在“察看”路边，寻找庇护所。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位准爸爸察看路边，寻找避难所，在那里，他苦苦挣扎的同伴可以安全地休息过夜。A. safely安全地；B. happily快乐地；C. quickly快速地；D. willingly很乐意地。由上文“in the cld midwinter”和“seeking shelter”可知，这指这准爸爸想让同伴在庇护所中“安全地”休息过一夜。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：县野生动物官员格斯·基贝尔下班开车回家时，在车灯的闪光中发现了这对动物。A. tracked跟踪；B. sptted看见；C. ignred忽略；D. hunted猎杀。由下文“ in the flash f his headlights”以及语境可知，这里指格斯在灯光中“看见”了这两只狗。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯停好卡车，走近动物们。A. patted拍了拍；B. prtected保护；C. tested测试；D. apprached走近。由上文“parked his truck”以及语境可知，这里指格斯停好车向这对狗“走近”。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向米格鲁猎犬们伸出手，米格鲁猎犬们没有逃跑。A. effrt努力；B. meaning意思；C. cnsensus共识；D. cntact接触。由上文“his struggling cmpanin”和“it was t cld fr dgs”以及下文“The exhausted animals lay tgether”可知，这里指这两只狗在寒冷中已经精疲力尽了，遇到陌生人都不“努力”尝试逃跑了。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他拨打了列出的号码，但雪下得很大，他的屏幕都模糊了。A. truck卡车；B. screen屏幕；C. mind思维；D. headlight前照灯。由下文“Gus dried his phne and dialed the number again”可知，前面指雪水让“屏幕”模糊看不清。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个男人接了电话，当格斯告诉他为什么打电话时，他立刻开始有戒心了。A. interested感兴趣的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. defensive防御的，怀有戒心的；D. talkative健谈的。由下文“They’re nt mine anymre”可知，这男的是不想要这两只狗，所以是“有戒备地”回答格斯的电话。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些米格鲁猎犬被遗弃了。A. avided避免；B. adpted采纳；C. appreciated感谢；D. abandned抛弃。由上文“They’re nt mine anymre”可知，这里指这两条狗被“抛弃”了。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：基贝尔一家在温暖的封闭门廊上为狗准备了一张床，还安排了食物和水。筋疲力尽的动物们躺在一起。 A. giving ut分发；B. setting ut出发，安排；C. putting ut扑灭；D. carrying ut执行。由下文“fd and wate”以及语境可知，这里指基贝尔一家为狗们“安排”了食物和水。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个简单的故事——实践善良的人为一对无家可归的夫妇提供风暴避难所，但这反映了我们本性中最好的一面。A. nature自然，本性；B. talent天赋；C. pursuit追求；D. advantage优势。由上文“peple wh practice kindness give shelter frm a strm t a hmeless cuple”可知，这里指善良是我们应该要拥有的“本性”。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Natural disasters can make peple depend n their neighbrs in a way nthing else des. The six-year-ld Jermaine _____11_____ (save) mney with his family fr a dream trip t Disneywrld when suddenly their neighbrhd was rdered t evacuate (疏散) because f Hurricane Drian. Immediately the by decided t use his hard-earned cash _____12_____ (help) his neighbrs. Jermaine std alngside a nearby rad ____13____ (hand) ut chips, ht dgs, and bttles f water t evacuees. “I wanted them t have sme fd t eat,” he said. “I wanted t be kind and live t give.
【答案】11. was saving##had saved##had been saving
12. t help
13. handing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了男孩Jermaine用他的血汗钱来帮助他的邻居的暖心故事。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：6岁的杰梅因(Jermaine)和家人正在攒钱准备去迪斯尼世界的梦幻之旅，突然，由于飓风多里安(Drian)，他们的邻居被命令撤离。设空处在句中作谓语，表示过去一直所做的事情，时态可以为过去进行时；结合句意也可以表示发生在“过去的过去”或过去正在进行的动作一直延续到过去的某个时间点，时态为过去完成时或过去完成进行时，主语为The six-year-ld Jermaine ，结合主谓一致，故填was saving，had saved或had been saving。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：男孩立即决定用他的血汗钱来帮助他的邻居。设空处为句子的非谓语，固定短语use sth t d sth表示“用某物做某事”，设空处应用动词不定式的形式。故填t help。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他站在附近的一条路边，向撤离者分发薯条、热狗和瓶装水。“我想让他们有东西吃，”他说。“我想做个善良的人，活着就是为了给予。设空处在句中为非谓语，和其逻辑主语Jermaine之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式作状语。故填handing。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Teenage friendships are fun and can grw int lifelng relatinships. A new study, published in the jurnal Child Develpment, _____14_____ (shw) these early friendships d smething else, t: prepare teens ____15____ parenting. The researchers fund that the teens wh shwed mre empathy fr their clse friends were mre ____16____ (supprt) parents in adulthd. Therefre, _____17_____ yur friend is struggling, yu can practice shwing up and trying t understand their perspective.
【答案】14. shws##shwed##has shwed
15. fr 16. supprtive
17. when##while##as##if##nce
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，早期友谊可以让青少年为后期育儿做好准备。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究表明，这些早期友谊也有其他作用：让青少年为育儿做好准备。这里考查谓语动词，主语A new study，为第三人称单数形式，与shw为主动关系，这里时态可用一般现在时表客观情况，也可用一般过去时表过去情况，也可用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响。故填shws或者shwed或者has shwed。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究表明，这些早期友谊也有其他作用：让青少年为育儿做好准备。这里考查，表“为……做准备”，为固定搭配。故填fr。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，对亲密朋友表现出更多同理心的青少年在成年后更支持父母。此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词。supprtive，表“支持的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填supprtive。
【17题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：因此，当你的朋友遇到困难时，你可以练习露面，试着理解他们的观点。这里考查状语从句，在由句意可知，此空可以填when、while或者as引导时间状语从句；也可以填if或者nce引导条件状语从句。故填when或者while或者as或者if或者nce。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Fd insecurity is defined by the United States Department f Agriculture as the lack f access t enugh fd fr an active, healthy life. It is assciated with negative scial and health utcmes and ____18____ (cnsider) a critical public health issue. Key drivers f fd insecurity include unemplyment, pverty, and incme shcks, ____19____ can prevent adequate access t fd. Luckily, multiple interventins have been shwn t reduce fd insecurity, including participatin in fd assistance _____20_____ (prgram) and brader scietal-level imprvements in ecnmic stability.
【答案】18. is cnsidered##cnsidered
19. which 20. prgrams
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了食品安全的原因以及保障食品安全的措施。
【18题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：它与负面的社会和健康结果有关，被认为是一个严重的公共卫生问题。设空处在句中和and前的is assciated并列作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，故设空处应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为it，结合主谓一致，应为is cnsidered，其中is可省略。故填is cnsidered/cnsidered。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：粮食不安全的主要驱动因素包括失业、贫困和收入冲击，这些因素会阻碍人们获得充足的粮食。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为unemplyment, pverty, and incme shcks。故填which。
20题详解】
考查名词。句意：幸运的是，多种干预措施已被证明可以减少粮食不安全，包括参与粮食援助计划和更广泛的社会层面的经济稳定改善。设空处在句中作介词宾语，应用名词的形式，空前无限定词修饰，应用名词复数的形式。故填prgrams。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Summer Science Prgram (SSP) is a nnprfit rganizatin that prvides an experimental science experience fr high schl senirs wh’ll sn g thrugh cllege applicatin.
As ne f the ldest pre-cllege enrichment prgrams, SSP is uniquely run by frmer members f this wnderful cmmunity. Their previus experiences with SSP have led them t actively supprt the prgram thrugh dnatins and vlunteering.
The prgram structure invlves twelve teams guided by a faculty f seven. Students wrk in teams f three t undertake a hands-n research prject, fstering cllabratin, challenge, and inclusivity. Over 39 days, these teams dig int their research, frming a clse-knit learning cmmunity.
Admissin t SSP is pen t high schl junirs glbally, with a hlistic(整体的) apprach that values academic excellence and mtivatin. The prgram ensures diversity and prvides financial aid t all admitted students, making sure talented yung peple wn’ get shut ut.
The SSP cmmunity thrives n cperative research ffering, a refreshing replacement t cmpetitive schl envirnments. The absence f exams and grades fcuses students n persnal grwth and the establishment f a supprtive netwrk with peers and alumni.
Research pprtunities are available in fields such as Astrphysics, Bichemistry, r Genmics. with each prgram hsted by a university partner. The curriculum is advanced, paced fr cllege-level understanding, and integrated with the research prject.
The schedule is packed with learning, guest lectures frm prfessinals, visits t scientifie institutins, and scial events, ensuring a well-runded and enjyable summer fr participants. The SSP experience is nt just abut science; it’s abut persnal and cmmunal grwth, making it an enriching and memrable prgram fr high schl senirs.
21. What is special abut SSP?
A. It’s perated by frmer graduates.B. It’s built upn previus experiences.
C. It requires recmmendatins by faculty.D. It prvides guidance n cllege applicatin.
22. T get accepted by SSP, participants need t_______.
A. pay a certain sum f feesB. adpt a hlistic apprach
C. be able t design prjectsD. be excellent in academics
23. At SSP, participants will _______
A. have a few exams t sitB. engage in cmpetitive activities
C. get varius research pprtunitiesD. attend lectures in scientific institutins
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。暑期科学项目(SSP)是一个非营利组织，为即将申请大学的高中毕业生提供实验科学体验。短文介绍了关于它的相关信息。
21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“SSP is uniquely run by frmer members f this wnderful cmmunity”（SSP 是由这个社区的前成员独一无二地经营的）可知，SSP的特别之处在于它是由以前的成员运营的。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Admissin t SSP is pen t high schl junirs glbally, with a hlistic(整体的) apprach that values academic excellence and mtivatin”（SSP向全球初中生开放，采用全方位的方法，重视学业成绩和学习动机）可知，SSP的录取标准是学术优秀和有动力。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Research pprtunities are available in fields such as Astrphysics, Bichemistry, r Genmics”（研究机会可以在天体物理学、生物化学或基因组学等领域获得）可知，SSP的参与者将有各种研究机会。故选C。
B
Years ag, we were living in a big nice huse and I was ging t the best elementary schl in the city with my siblings. We had everything we culd have wished fr and we were still asking fr mre.
Mr. Sanchez used t mw ur lawns. He was very hardwrking. Often, he wuld bring his sn that was my age. He had mdest tys and mdest clthes and he had a hard time fitting in with us mainly because I was t prud t cnsider him my equal. His name was Cabriel and he was a smart by, despite all his “shrtcmings”.
Days went by and we spent ur time arund each ther but withut any clse cnnectin. Fast frward t a cuple f years and my father’s business hit the rck bttm. His partner tk away all the mney and left the cuntry. Sn we had t leave ur big huse and settle int a small ne and we were having a hard time meeting ther expenses.
Mr. Sanchez was very kind during that time. He and Gabriel came nce a week and helped me and my siblings get things in rder. That was when Gabriel and I became gd friends. We started talking in the evenings when I learnt he was ging t start cllege and he was much smarter than me.
Later we came up with a business plan and funded a start-up. I felt n shame in cnfessing that Cabriel was much mre instrumental in the rise f ur cmpany.
Later, all f my father’s debt was paid ff and we were again a happy, prsperus family. I was a truly rich man because I had a great friend by my side fr my whle life.
This experience was a valuable lessn fr me. It des nt take a life experience fr peple t g frm rags t riches r the ther way arund. What is imprtant is smene’s persn and behavir tward his ther fellws in real life.
24. What happened t the authr’s family in his early years?
A. Life expenses went up unexpectedly.B. A financial breakdwn hit his family.
C. Their huse was illegally taken away.D. They lst clse cnnectin with thers.
25. What changed the authr’s attitude twards Gabriel?
A. Their partnership in business.B. The prf f Gabriel’s capability.
C. The change f his living cnditin.D. The cnsistent help frm Gabriel.
26. Which f the fllwing wrds best describe Gabriel?
A. Intelligent and lyal.B. Persistent and ambitius.
C. Intrverted but generus.D. Hardwrking but mdest.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Like father, like sn.B. Birds f a feather flck tgether.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way.D. Never judge a bk by its cver.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从富裕到贫困再到重新崛起的经历，以及在这个过程中作者和为他家修剪草坪桑切斯先生儿子 Gabriel成为一生朋友的故事。文章强调了人品和行为的重要性。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“Days went by and we spent ur time arund each ther but withut any clse cnnectin. Fast frward t a cuple f years and my father’s business hit the rck bttm. His partner tk away all the mney andleft the cuntry. (日子一天天过去，我们在一起，但没有任何密切的联系。快进到几年后，我父亲的生意跌至谷底。他的合伙人拿走了所有的钱，离开了这个国家。)”可知，早年，作者家庭遭遇了经济崩溃。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段“Mr. Sanchez was very kind during that time. He and Gabriel came nce a week and helped me and my siblings get things in rder. That was when Gabriel and I became gd friends.(桑切斯先生在那段时间非常善良。他和 Gabriel每周来一次，帮我和我的兄弟姐妹把事情安排妥当。就在那时， Gabriel和我成了好朋友。)”可知， Gabriel的持续帮助改变了作者对他的态度。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“His name was Cabriel and he was a smart by, despite all his‘shrtcmings’.(他的名字叫 Gabriel，尽管他有‘缺点’，但他是个聪明的男孩。)”可知， Gabriel是一个聪明的孩子；再由第五段“Later we came up with a business plan and funded a start-up.I felt n shame in cnfessing that Cabriel was much mre instrumental in the rise f ur cmpany.(后来我们想出了一个商业计划，成立了一家初创公司。我毫不羞愧地承认，Gabriel在我们公司的崛起中发挥了更大的作用。)”可知，Gabriel一直陪伴作者身旁奋斗，所以是一个忠诚的人。故选A项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“This experience was a valuable lessn fr me. It des nt take a life experience fr peple t g frm rags t riches r the ther way arund. What is imprtant is smene’s persn and behavir tward his ther fellws in real life.(这段经历对我来说是一个宝贵的教训。人们从赤贫到富裕或从富裕到赤贫，这并不能让我们得到生活经验。重要的是一个人在现实生活中对其他人的态度和行为。)”以及上文可知，文章主要讲作者改变对 Gabriel的看法，最后成为好朋友的故事，所以D项Never judge a bk by its cver.(切勿以貌取人。)符合语境。故选D项。
C
The vast majrity f peple have an nging cnversatin with themselves, an inner vice, that plays an imprtant rle in their daily lives. But between 5 t 10 percent f the ppulatin d nt have the experience f an inner vice, and they find it mre difficult t perfrm certain verbal memry tasks, new research shws.
Jhanne Nedergard frm the University f Cpenhagen and her clleague Gary Lupyan are the first researchers t investigate whether the lack f an inner vice, r an endphasia as they have cined the cnditin, has any cnsequences fr hw these peple slve prblems, fr example hw they perfrm verbal memry tasks.
Peple wh reprted that they either experienced a high degree f inner vice r very little inner vice in everyday life were subjected t ne experiment that aimed t determine whether there was a difference in their ability t remember language input and ne abut their ability t find rhyme wrds.
The first experiment invlved the participants remembering wrds in rder— wrds that were similar, either phnetically r in spelling, e. g. “bught” “caught”. The participants withut an inner vice were significantly wrse at remembering the wrds. The same applied t an assignment in which the participants had t determine whether a pair f pictures cntained wrds that rhyme,e. g. pictures f a sck and a clck. Here, t, it is crucial t be able t repeat the wrds in rder t cmpare their sunds and thus determine whether they rhyme.
Accrding t Nedergard, the differences in verbal memry that they have identified in their experiments will nt be nticed in rdinary everyday cnversatins. And the questin is, des nt having an inner vice hld any practical r behaviral significance?
S far, the researchers are nt sure because they are nly n the very beginning f a whle prcess f study. But there is ne field where they suspect that having an inner vice plays a rle, and that is therapy; in the widely used cgnitive behaviral therapy, fr example, yu need t identify and change adverse thught patterns, and having an inner vice may be very imprtant in such a prcess. Hwever, it is still uncertain whether differences in the experience f an inner vice are related t hw peple respnd t different types f therapy. Nedergard said she wuld like t cntinue her research t find ut whether ther language areas are affected if yu d nt have an inner vice.
28. What des the underlined wrd”cined“in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Assessed.B. Revised.C. Created.D. Discvered.
29. The researchers use the pictures f a sck and a clck t _____.
A. display hw peple pick up different wrdsB. see hw peple differ in degrees f inner vice
C. explain why sme participants can repeat wrdsD. assess a grup’s ability t remember wrds in rder.
30. Nedergard will prbably agree that peple withut an inner vice ______.
A. have prer verbal memryB. shw traits in daily cnversatins
C. can btain it thrugh trainingD. have serius prblems in learning
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。绝大多数人都与自己进行持续的对话，内心的声音在他们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。研究人员通过研究想知道这种内心对话的作用和意义。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。“the lack f an inner vice”和“an endphasia”是意义一致的，再根据划线单词后的cnditin可知，endphasia是研究人员研究“缺乏内心的声音”时创造的条件，所以划线单词的意义为“创造”，与C项“Created”意义一致。故选C项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Peple wh reprted that they either experienced a high degree f inner vice r very little inner vice in everyday life were subjected t ne experiment that aimed t determine whether there was a difference in their ability t remember language input and ne abut their ability t find rhyme wrds.(那些报告自己在日常生活中经历过高度内心声音或很少内心声音人接受了一项实验，旨在确定他们记忆语言输入的能力和寻找押韵词的能力是否存在差异。)”和第三段的实验“The first experiment invlved the participants remembering wrds in rder— wrds that were similar, either phnetically r in spelling, e. g. “bught” “caught”. The participants withut an inner vice were significantly wrse at remembering the wrds. The same applied t an assignment in which the participants had t determine whether a pair f pictures cntained wrds that rhyme, e. g. pictures f a sck and a clck. Here, t, it is crucial t be able t repeat the wrds in rder t cmpare their sunds and thus determine whether they rhyme.(在第一个实验中，参与者按顺序记住发音或拼写相似的单词，例如“bught”和“caught”。没有内心声音的参与者在记忆单词方面明显更差。在另一项任务中，参与者必须确定一组图片是否包含押韵的单词，例如袜子和时钟的图片。在这里，能够重复单词也是至关重要的，这样可以比较它们的发音，从而确定它们是否押韵。)”可以推论出，研究人员使用袜子和时钟的图片是为了看看人们在内心对话方面如何不同。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Nedergard做的实验“The first experiment invlved the participants remembering wrds in rder— wrds that were similar, either phnetically r in spelling, e. g. “bught” “caught” . The participants withut an inner vice were significantly wrse at remembering the wrds.(在第一个实验中，参与者按顺序记住发音或拼写相似的单词，例如“bught”和“caught”。没有内心声音的参与者在记忆单词方面明显更差。)”可以推论出，Nedergard可能会同意没有内心声音的人言语记忆较差。故选A项。
D
Nature vs. Nurture
Curisity has always been ne f the mst innate and prevailing qualities f humankind. Our endless pursuit f truth and reasns has resulted in a lt f crucial discveries in the wrld. Hwever, the mre we uncver the wrld, the mre we end up generating mre questins t answer. Out f all the wnders f the wrld, human psychlgy is deemed t be ne f the mst cntrversial. The cmplexity f the mind and its reflectin n human behavir has been a subject f many studies and debates. One f the ldest and, still, mst talked abut an argument in psychlgy is the nature against nurture debate.
Nature refers t the bilgical structure and prcesses that determine a persn’s physical and behaviral attributes. Due t the advancement f genetics, scientists have uncvered that physical traits such as eye clr, hair type, height, and life expectancy f a persn can strngly be related t the genetic makeup. These discveries have led t the speculatin that mst psychlgical characteristics like intellect, persnality, and language acquisitin ability are already pre-wired t ur system thrugh ur genetic pattern.
In cntrast, nurture thery suggests that behavir is hned frm sci-cultural factrs. This thery is guided by Jhn Lcke’s “blank slate” thery, which refers t the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with infrmatin derived frm direct and indirect experiences. This thery states peple’s characteristics and behaviral diversity attend results f scial and cultural influences encuntered during their develpment.
The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put frward by Sir Francis Galtn, wh believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He als believed that intellect can be passed frm generatin t generatin. Thus, peple with high intelligence have a majr chance f having highly intellectual ffspring, while peple having lwer than average intellect are mre likely t have lw intellectual ffspring. Hwever , the believers f nurture thery believed that intellectual ability attends the result f inequalities in access t resurces and pprtunities. Thus, intellect is nt a prduct f heredity but mre f a result f the scial cnstruct.
Cuntless research and experimentatin have been cnducted t put an end t the seemingly endless debate. Psychlgists and researchers f the present already embrace the idea that a persn’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the envirnment. The years f labred research n nature and nurture thery finally have brn fruits. Technlgy and research have expanded a better understanding f the human persnality and mind, and will just cntinuusly d as time passes by.
31. Why des the authr mentin “curisity” in the first paragraph?
A. T predict the research results.B. T emphasize the imprtance f explring.
C. T lead t the argument f nature against nurture.D. T raise the reader’s interest in the thery f nature.
32. What des Jhn Lcke’s “blank slate” thery suggest?
A. Human mind is always blank.B. Peple’s behavirs are learned.
C. Behavir is determined genetically.D. Culture has little influence n human.
33. What is the attitude f Sir Francis Galtn twards the thery f nurture?
A. Disapprving.B. Supprtive.C. Neutral.D. Cautius.
34. Which f the fllwing might the authr agree with?
A. The thery f nature is nt accepted by the public.
B. The thery f nurture is based n the thery f nature.
C. The supprters f the tw theries agree with each ther.
D. The thery f nature and the thery f nurture bth make sense.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于人性的先天论与后天论的争论。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The cmplexity f the mind and its reflectin n human behavir has been a subject f many studies and debates. One f the ldest and, still, mst talked abut an argument in psychlgy is the nature against nurture debate.(心灵的复杂性及其在人类行为上的反映一直是许多研究和争论的主题。在心理学中最古老也是至今仍最被热议的一个论题就是先天与教养的辩论)”可知，文章开头提到好奇心是为了引出人类对世界真理的追求，最终导向对人类心理复杂性的探讨，从而引入“先天与教养”的辩论主题，作者在第一段中提到“好奇心”是为了引出关于天性与教养辩论的探讨。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“This thery is guided by Jhn Lcke’s “blank slate” thery, which refers t the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with infrmatin derived frm direct and indirect experiences. This thery states peple’s characteristics and behaviral diversity attend results f scial and cultural influences encuntered during their develpment.(这一理论是以约翰·洛克的“白板说”为指导的，该学说认为人的大脑在最初状态时是一块白板，会逐渐通过直接和间接的经验填充信息。这一理论认为，人们的特性和行为多样性是他们在成长过程中所遇到的社会和文化影响的结果)”可知，“白板说”强调的是人们的行为是通过学习获得的。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put frward by Sir Francis Galtn, wh believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He als believed that intellect can be passed frm generatin t generatin.(“先天与教养”的辩论这一术语是由弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出的，他认为智力是一种可量化的并且可以遗传的人类特质。他也相信智力可以从一代传给另一代)”及“Hwever , the believers f nurture thery believed that intellectual ability attends the result f inequalities in access t resurces and pprtunities. Thus, intellect is nt a prduct f heredity but mre f a result f the scial cnstruct.(然而，教养理论的支持者认为，智力能力是由于获取资源和机会不平等的结果。因此，智力并不是遗传的产物，而是更多地源于社会建构的结果)”可知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿对教养理论持反对态度，因为他更强调智力的遗传性和可遗传性。故选A。
34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Psychlgists and researchers f the present already embrace the idea that a persn’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the envirnment. (现在的心理学家和研究者们已经接受了这样一个观点：一个人的性格受到其基因构成和环境的极大影响)”可知，作者认为天性和教养的理论都具有一定的道理，因为它们都在某种程度上影响着人类的性格和行为。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Des Nrm Matter? Simply put, a nrm is a rule that guides behavir amng members f a sciety r grup. Nrms are scial facts: things which exist in sciety independent f individuals, and that shape ur thughts and behavir. _____35_____.
While we can understand nrms simply as rules that tell us what we shuld r shuldn’t d, there’s much mre t them that scilgists find interesting and wrthy f study. Fr example, scilgical fcus is ften directed at hw nrms are disseminated---hw we cme t learn them. The prcess f scializatin is guided by nrms and taught t us by thse arund us, including ur families, teachers, and authrity figures frm religin, plitics, law, and ppular culture._____36_____ We d this a lt as children, but we als d it as adults in unfamiliar spaces, amng new grups f peple, r in places we visit fr this time. Learning the nrms f any given space r grup allws us t functin in that setting, and t be accepted by thse present.
As knwledge f hw t perate in the wrld, nrms are an imprtant part f the cultural capital that each f us pssesses and embdies. They are, in fact, cultural prducts and are culturally cntextual, and they nly exist if we realize them in ur thught and behavir. Fr the mst part, nrms are things that we take fr granted and spend little time thinking abut, but they becme highly visible and cnscius when they are brken._____37_____ We abide them because we knw that they exist and that we will face sanctins if we break them.
_____38_____. If a persn cuts the line r drps smething that makes a mess and des nthing in respnse, thers present might sanctin their behavir visually with eye cntact and facial expressins, r verbally.
Because they guide ur behavir, and when brken, they enlist a reactin that is meant t reaffirm them and their cultural imprtance. They allw us t live ur lives with an understanding f what we can expect frm thse arund us. _____39_____ Withut nrms, ur wrld wuld be in chas, and we wuldn’t knw hw t navigate it.
A. This wuld be a frm f scial apprval.
B. As such, they have a frcing pwer ver us.
C. Sme nrms can lead t serius scial prblems.
D. The everyday enfrcement f them thugh is mstly unseen.
E. In many cases they allw us t feel safe and secure, and t perate at ease.
F. We learn them thrugh spken and written directive, but als thrugh bserving thse arund us.
G. They perate in ur subcnscius, and we dn’t think cnsciusly abut them unless they are brken.
【答案】35. B 36. F 37. D 38. G 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。具体介绍了规范的特点和作用。
【35题详解】
根据上句“Nrms are scial facts: things which exist in sciety independent f individuals, and that shape ur thughts and behavir. (规范是社会事实:独立于个人存在于社会中的事物，它塑造了我们的思想和行为。)”可知，设空处承接上句，继续说明规范的作用，B项：As such, they have a frcing pwer ver us.(因此，他们对我们有一种强迫的力量。)合乎题意，其中“they”指代上句的“nrms”。故选B。
【36题详解】
根据上句“The prcess f scializatin is guided by nrms and taught t us by thse arund us, including ur families, teachers, and authrity figures frm religin, plitics, law, and ppular culture (社会化的过程受到规范的引导，并由我们周围的人教给我们，包括我们的家庭、老师、宗教、政治、法律和流行文化中的权威人物)”设空处承接上句，说明学习规范的方式，F项：We learn them thrugh spken and written directive, but als thrugh bserving thse arund us.(我们通过口头和书面指示来学习它们，但也通过观察我们周围的人来学习。)承接上文，合乎题意。故选F。
【37题详解】
根据上句“Fr the mst part, nrms are things that we take fr granted and spend little time thinking abut, but they becme highly visible and cnscius when they are brken (在大多数情况下，规范是我们认为理所当然的事情，很少花时间去思考，但当它们被打破时，它们变得非常明显和有意识)”以及后句“We abide them because we knw that they exist and that we will face sanctins if we break them.(我们遵守它们，因为我们知道它们是存在的，如果我们违反它们，我们将面临制裁。)”可知，设空处和上句构成转折关系并介绍规范的日常执行的特点，D项：The everyday enfrcement f them thugh is mstly unseen.(然而，它们的日常执行大多是看不见的。)合乎题意。故选D。
【38题详解】
设空处位于段首，为段落主题句，根据后文“If a persn cuts the line r drps smething that makes a mess and des nthing in respnse, thers present might sanctin their behavir visually with eye cntact and facial expressins, r verbally. (如果一个人插队或把东西弄得一团糟，却不做任何回应，在场的其他人可能会通过眼神交流、面部表情或语言来惩罚他们的行为。)”具体举例说明规范在潜意识中运作，G项：They perate in ur subcnscius, and we dn’t think cnsciusly abut them unless they are brken.(它们在我们的潜意识中运作，除非它们被打破，否则我们不会有意识地去思考它们)总结本段，合乎题意。故选G。
【39题详解】
根据上句“They allw us t live ur lives with an understanding f what we can expect frm thse arund us. (他们让我们在生活中了解我们可以从周围的人那里得到什么。)”设空处承接上句，说明规范的作用。E项：In many cases they allw us t feel safe and secure, and t perate at ease.(在很多情况下，它们让我们感到安全，让我们安心地操作。)合乎题意。故选E。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In April 2021，my grandparents’ lives were turned upside dwn instantly. A car drve int their hme, literally. The vehicle went thrugh the frnt wall f their hme, thrugh the living rm, and then hit the brder between the living rm and kitchen.
My grandfather was standing in frnt f the refrigeratr; the car hitting the wall threw him acrss the kitchen. He was in serius cnditin and unable t walk. We were all s wrried abut him. Hw wuld he deal with smething s awful happening at his age?
But what surprised everyne was hw psitive my grandfather remained thrughut the entire thing. He was grateful he was alive when the accident culd have quickly taken his life. He taught us that even when life gets yu dwn, yu have t be grateful fr the things yu d have rather than dwelling n the things yu dn’t have.
Even thugh he culd nt walk r functin as he had previusly, my grandpa fund ways t becme satisfied: such as reading his favrite newspaper r receiving a call frm a friend r family member. He was grateful fr the kind nurses, physical therapists, and ther medical persnnel wh saved his life and helped him recver.
When smething s life-changing happens t a clse family member, it puts life int perspective and makes yu thankful fr the little things in life. Meanwhile, all the little things that used t stress us ut suddenly dn’t matter in the large scheme f things. Anything can happen, and finding things that make yu happy every day is essential.
40. What happened t the authr’s grandpa in April 2021?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why was grandfather grateful fr the accident?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
The authr has fund inspiratin frm his grandpa and realized that we shuld be thankful fr the little things because they matter in the large scheme f things.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Please describe smething yu have learnt frm a special event.(In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A car drve int his hme and threw him acrss the kitchen.
41. He had a belief that yu have t be grateful fr things yu d have rather than dwelling n the things yu dn’t have.
42. The authr has fund inspiratin frm his grandpa and realized that we shuld be thankful fr the little things because they matter in the large scheme f things.
Accrding t the passage， the authr has fund inspiratin frm his grandpa and realized we shuld be thankful fr the little things because they dn’t matter in the large scheme f things.
43. By participating in a cultural exchange prgram, l’ve learned that embracing diversity enriches ur understanding f the wrld and fsters empathy and glbal-mindedness.This experience has been prfundly meaningful, highlighting the value f pen-mindedness and the beauty in ur intercnnectedness.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了爷爷的做事方式对作者的影响。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第一段“A car drve int their hme, literally.”（ 一辆车开进了他们家，真的。）以及根据第二段“the car hitting the wall threw him acrss the kitchen.”（汽车撞在墙上，把他从厨房那边抛了出去。）可知，一辆汽车开进祖父的家，把他从厨房扔抛了出去。故回答为：A car drve int his hme and threw him acrss the kitchen.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第三段“He taught us that even when life gets yu dwn, yu have t be grateful fr the things yu d have rather than dwelling n the things yu dn’t have. ”（他教导我们，即使生活让你失望，你也要对你已经拥有的东西心存感激，而不是老想着你没有的东西。）可知，祖父对这次事故心存感激的原因是他有一个信念，你必须对你已经拥有的东西心存感激，而不是纠结于你没有的东西。故回答为：He had a belief that yu have t be grateful fr things yu d have rather than dwelling n the things yu dn’t have.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据最后一段“Meanwhile, all the little things that used t stress us ut suddenly dn’t matter in the large scheme f things.”（与此同时，所有过去让我们感到压力的小事情突然变得无关紧要。）可知，根据这篇文章，作者从他的爷爷那里找到了灵感，并意识到我们应该对小事情心存感激，因为它们在大局中并不重要。故because they matter in the large scheme f things，错误。故回答为：The authr has fund inspiratin frm his grandpa and realized that we shuld be thankful fr the little things because they matter in the large scheme f things.
Accrding t the passage, the authr has fund inspiratin frm his grandpa and realized we shuld be thankful fr the little things because they dn’t matter in the large scheme f things.
【43题详解】
考查开放性阅读表达。根据问题要求：请描述你从一个特殊事件中学到的东西。通过参加文化交流项目，我了解到拥抱多样性丰富了我们对世界的理解，培养了同理心和全球意识。这次经历意义深远，凸显了开放思想的价值和我们相互联系的美好。故回答为；By participating in a cultural exchange prgram, l’ve learned that embracing diversity enriches ur understanding f the wrld and fsters empathy and glbal-mindedness.This experience has been prfundly meaningful, highlighting the value f pen-mindedness and the beauty in ur intercnnectedness.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。中秋节临近，你的学校将举行一系列庆祝活动。请你给正在中国旅游的英国好友Jim写封邮件，内容包括：
1.庆祝活动安排;
2.邀请他参加。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。
Dear Jim，
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yurs，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I hpe yu are enjying yur trip in China! As the Mid-Autumn Festival appraches, I am glad t tell yu that ur schl is rganizing a series f festive events.
These activities will take place at ur schl n September 17th.We have planned a lantern-making wrkshp, a traditinal Chinese pera perfrmance, and a mn-cake tasting event, which is a wnderful chance t immerse yurself in Chinese traditins and culture. I wuld be abslutely thrilled if yu culd jin us fr these celebratins. Please let me knw if yu can make it, and I’ll send yu mre details.
Yurs，
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。中秋节临近，你的学校将举行一系列庆祝活动，要求考生给正在中国旅游的英国好友Jim写封邮件，介绍活动并邀请其来参加。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发生：happen →take place
到来：cme → apprach
激动的：exciting → thrilled
快乐的：happy → glad
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：These activities will take place at ur schl n September 17th.
拓展句：It is n September 17th that these activities will take place at ur schl.
【点睛】【高分句型1】We have planned a lantern-making wrkshp, a traditinal Chinese pera perfrmance, and a mncake tasting event, which is a wnderful chance t immerse yurself in Chinese traditins and culture.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】As the Mid-Autumn Festival appraches, I am glad t tell yu that ur schl is rganizing a series f festive events.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句以及that引导的宾语从句）
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It was in the cld midwinter, and the wayfaring cuple walked thrugh the cld night.The father-t-be ___1___ the radside, seeking shelter, where his struggling cmpanin might rest ___2___ fr the night. She labred alng, her way made heavier by the new life grwing inside her.
Their names were Pepper and Cper, a pair f beagles (米格鲁猎犬).
Gus Kiebel, a cunty wildlife fficer, was driving hme frm wrk when he ___3___ the pair in the flash f his headlights. It was snwing s hard, but he culd tell the dgs were wearing cllars and tags. What were they ding ut here when it was t cld fr dgs t g utside? Gus parked his truck and ___4___ the animals. He stretched ut his hands t the beagles, which made n ___5___ t escape. He read their tags by his truck’s headlights: the female was named Pepper, and the male was Cper. He then called the number listed, but it was snwing s hard that his ___6___ blurred.
He placed the dgs nt the passenger seat and they were snuggled tgether there. Gus dried his phne and dialed the number again. A man answered and immediately grew ___7___ when Gus tld him why he was calling. “I gave thse dgs away,” the man said, “They’re nt mine anymre.”
These beagles were ____8____. Gus nticed their large eyes pleading. He then brught them hme. The Kiebels prepared a bed fr the dgs n their warm enclsed prch, als ____9____ fd and water. The exhausted animals lay tgether.
It’s a simple stry — peple wh practice kindness give shelter frm a strm t a hmeless cuple — but it speaks t the best f ur ____10____.
1. A. blckedB. guardedC. scannedD. identified
2. A. safelyB. happilyC. quicklyD. willingly
3. A. trackedB. spttedC. ignredD. hunted
4. A. pattedB. prtectedC. testedD. apprached
5. A. effrtB. meaningC. cnsensusD. cntact
6. A. truckB. screenC. mindD. headlight
7. A. interestedB. embarrassedC. defensiveD. talkative
8. A. avidedB. adptedC. appreciatedD. abandned
9. A. giving utB. setting utC. putting utD. carrying ut
10. A. natureB. talentC. pursuitD. advantage
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述格斯·基贝尔救助一对米格鲁猎犬的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位准爸爸察看路边，寻找避难所，在那里，他苦苦挣扎的同伴可以安全地休息过夜。A. blcked封锁；B. guarded守卫；C. scanned扫描，察看；D. identified鉴定。由下文“seeking shelter”可知，这个准爸爸狗在“察看”路边，寻找庇护所。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位准爸爸察看路边，寻找避难所，在那里，他苦苦挣扎的同伴可以安全地休息过夜。A. safely安全地；B. happily快乐地；C. quickly快速地；D. willingly很乐意地。由上文“in the cld midwinter”和“seeking shelter”可知，这指这准爸爸想让同伴在庇护所中“安全地”休息过一夜。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：县野生动物官员格斯·基贝尔下班开车回家时，在车灯的闪光中发现了这对动物。A. tracked跟踪；B. sptted看见；C. ignred忽略；D. hunted猎杀。由下文“ in the flash f his headlights”以及语境可知，这里指格斯在灯光中“看见”了这两只狗。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯停好卡车，走近动物们。A. patted拍了拍；B. prtected保护；C. tested测试；D. apprached走近。由上文“parked his truck”以及语境可知，这里指格斯停好车向这对狗“走近”。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向米格鲁猎犬们伸出手，米格鲁猎犬们没有逃跑。A. effrt努力；B. meaning意思；C. cnsensus共识；D. cntact接触。由上文“his struggling cmpanin”和“it was t cld fr dgs”以及下文“The exhausted animals lay tgether”可知，这里指这两只狗在寒冷中已经精疲力尽了，遇到陌生人都不“努力”尝试逃跑了。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他拨打了列出的号码，但雪下得很大，他的屏幕都模糊了。A. truck卡车；B. screen屏幕；C. mind思维；D. headlight前照灯。由下文“Gus dried his phne and dialed the number again”可知，前面指雪水让“屏幕”模糊看不清。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个男人接了电话，当格斯告诉他为什么打电话时，他立刻开始有戒心了。A. interested感兴趣的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. defensive防御的，怀有戒心的；D. talkative健谈的。由下文“They’re nt mine anymre”可知，这男的是不想要这两只狗，所以是“有戒备地”回答格斯的电话。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些米格鲁猎犬被遗弃了。A. avided避免；B. adpted采纳；C. appreciated感谢；D. abandned抛弃。由上文“They’re nt mine anymre”可知，这里指这两条狗被“抛弃”了。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：基贝尔一家在温暖的封闭门廊上为狗准备了一张床，还安排了食物和水。筋疲力尽的动物们躺在一起。 A. giving ut分发；B. setting ut出发，安排；C. putting ut扑灭；D. carrying ut执行。由下文“fd and wate”以及语境可知，这里指基贝尔一家为狗们“安排”了食物和水。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个简单的故事——实践善良的人为一对无家可归的夫妇提供风暴避难所，但这反映了我们本性中最好的一面。A. nature自然，本性；B. talent天赋；C. pursuit追求；D. advantage优势。由上文“peple wh practice kindness give shelter frm a strm t a hmeless cuple”可知，这里指善良是我们应该要拥有的“本性”。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Natural disasters can make peple depend n their neighbrs in a way nthing else des. The six-year-ld Jermaine _____11_____ (save) mney with his family fr a dream trip t Disneywrld when suddenly their neighbrhd was rdered t evacuate (疏散) because f Hurricane Drian. Immediately the by decided t use his hard-earned cash _____12_____ (help) his neighbrs. Jermaine std alngside a nearby rad ____13____ (hand) ut chips, ht dgs, and bttles f water t evacuees. “I wanted them t have sme fd t eat,” he said. “I wanted t be kind and live t give.
【答案】11. was saving##had saved##had been saving
12. t help
13. handing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了男孩Jermaine用他的血汗钱来帮助他的邻居的暖心故事。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：6岁的杰梅因(Jermaine)和家人正在攒钱准备去迪斯尼世界的梦幻之旅，突然，由于飓风多里安(Drian)，他们的邻居被命令撤离。设空处在句中作谓语，表示过去一直所做的事情，时态可以为过去进行时；结合句意也可以表示发生在“过去的过去”或过去正在进行的动作一直延续到过去的某个时间点，时态为过去完成时或过去完成进行时，主语为The six-year-ld Jermaine ，结合主谓一致，故填was saving，had saved或had been saving。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：男孩立即决定用他的血汗钱来帮助他的邻居。设空处为句子的非谓语，固定短语use sth t d sth表示“用某物做某事”，设空处应用动词不定式的形式。故填t help。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他站在附近的一条路边，向撤离者分发薯条、热狗和瓶装水。“我想让他们有东西吃，”他说。“我想做个善良的人，活着就是为了给予。设空处在句中为非谓语，和其逻辑主语Jermaine之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式作状语。故填handing。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Teenage friendships are fun and can grw int lifelng relatinships. A new study, published in the jurnal Child Develpment, _____14_____ (shw) these early friendships d smething else, t: prepare teens ____15____ parenting. The researchers fund that the teens wh shwed mre empathy fr their clse friends were mre ____16____ (supprt) parents in adulthd. Therefre, _____17_____ yur friend is struggling, yu can practice shwing up and trying t understand their perspective.
【答案】14. shws##shwed##has shwed
15. fr 16. supprtive
17. when##while##as##if##nce
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，早期友谊可以让青少年为后期育儿做好准备。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究表明，这些早期友谊也有其他作用：让青少年为育儿做好准备。这里考查谓语动词，主语A new study，为第三人称单数形式，与shw为主动关系，这里时态可用一般现在时表客观情况，也可用一般过去时表过去情况，也可用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响。故填shws或者shwed或者has shwed。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究表明，这些早期友谊也有其他作用：让青少年为育儿做好准备。这里考查，表“为……做准备”，为固定搭配。故填fr。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，对亲密朋友表现出更多同理心的青少年在成年后更支持父母。此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词。supprtive，表“支持的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填supprtive。
【17题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：因此，当你的朋友遇到困难时，你可以练习露面，试着理解他们的观点。这里考查状语从句，在由句意可知，此空可以填when、while或者as引导时间状语从句；也可以填if或者nce引导条件状语从句。故填when或者while或者as或者if或者nce。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Fd insecurity is defined by the United States Department f Agriculture as the lack f access t enugh fd fr an active, healthy life. It is assciated with negative scial and health utcmes and ____18____ (cnsider) a critical public health issue. Key drivers f fd insecurity include unemplyment, pverty, and incme shcks, ____19____ can prevent adequate access t fd. Luckily, multiple interventins have been shwn t reduce fd insecurity, including participatin in fd assistance _____20_____ (prgram) and brader scietal-level imprvements in ecnmic stability.
【答案】18. is cnsidered##cnsidered
19. which 20. prgrams
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了食品安全的原因以及保障食品安全的措施。
【18题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：它与负面的社会和健康结果有关，被认为是一个严重的公共卫生问题。设空处在句中和and前的is assciated并列作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，故设空处应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为it，结合主谓一致，应为is cnsidered，其中is可省略。故填is cnsidered/cnsidered。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：粮食不安全的主要驱动因素包括失业、贫困和收入冲击，这些因素会阻碍人们获得充足的粮食。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为unemplyment, pverty, and incme shcks。故填which。
20题详解】
考查名词。句意：幸运的是，多种干预措施已被证明可以减少粮食不安全，包括参与粮食援助计划和更广泛的社会层面的经济稳定改善。设空处在句中作介词宾语，应用名词的形式，空前无限定词修饰，应用名词复数的形式。故填prgrams。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Summer Science Prgram (SSP) is a nnprfit rganizatin that prvides an experimental science experience fr high schl senirs wh’ll sn g thrugh cllege applicatin.
As ne f the ldest pre-cllege enrichment prgrams, SSP is uniquely run by frmer members f this wnderful cmmunity. Their previus experiences with SSP have led them t actively supprt the prgram thrugh dnatins and vlunteering.
The prgram structure invlves twelve teams guided by a faculty f seven. Students wrk in teams f three t undertake a hands-n research prject, fstering cllabratin, challenge, and inclusivity. Over 39 days, these teams dig int their research, frming a clse-knit learning cmmunity.
Admissin t SSP is pen t high schl junirs glbally, with a hlistic(整体的) apprach that values academic excellence and mtivatin. The prgram ensures diversity and prvides financial aid t all admitted students, making sure talented yung peple wn’ get shut ut.
The SSP cmmunity thrives n cperative research ffering, a refreshing replacement t cmpetitive schl envirnments. The absence f exams and grades fcuses students n persnal grwth and the establishment f a supprtive netwrk with peers and alumni.
Research pprtunities are available in fields such as Astrphysics, Bichemistry, r Genmics. with each prgram hsted by a university partner. The curriculum is advanced, paced fr cllege-level understanding, and integrated with the research prject.
The schedule is packed with learning, guest lectures frm prfessinals, visits t scientifie institutins, and scial events, ensuring a well-runded and enjyable summer fr participants. The SSP experience is nt just abut science; it’s abut persnal and cmmunal grwth, making it an enriching and memrable prgram fr high schl senirs.
21. What is special abut SSP?
A. It’s perated by frmer graduates.B. It’s built upn previus experiences.
C. It requires recmmendatins by faculty.D. It prvides guidance n cllege applicatin.
22. T get accepted by SSP, participants need t_______.
A. pay a certain sum f feesB. adpt a hlistic apprach
C. be able t design prjectsD. be excellent in academics
23. At SSP, participants will _______
A. have a few exams t sitB. engage in cmpetitive activities
C. get varius research pprtunitiesD. attend lectures in scientific institutins
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。暑期科学项目(SSP)是一个非营利组织，为即将申请大学的高中毕业生提供实验科学体验。短文介绍了关于它的相关信息。
21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“SSP is uniquely run by frmer members f this wnderful cmmunity”（SSP 是由这个社区的前成员独一无二地经营的）可知，SSP的特别之处在于它是由以前的成员运营的。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Admissin t SSP is pen t high schl junirs glbally, with a hlistic(整体的) apprach that values academic excellence and mtivatin”（SSP向全球初中生开放，采用全方位的方法，重视学业成绩和学习动机）可知，SSP的录取标准是学术优秀和有动力。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Research pprtunities are available in fields such as Astrphysics, Bichemistry, r Genmics”（研究机会可以在天体物理学、生物化学或基因组学等领域获得）可知，SSP的参与者将有各种研究机会。故选C。
B
Years ag, we were living in a big nice huse and I was ging t the best elementary schl in the city with my siblings. We had everything we culd have wished fr and we were still asking fr mre.
Mr. Sanchez used t mw ur lawns. He was very hardwrking. Often, he wuld bring his sn that was my age. He had mdest tys and mdest clthes and he had a hard time fitting in with us mainly because I was t prud t cnsider him my equal. His name was Cabriel and he was a smart by, despite all his “shrtcmings”.
Days went by and we spent ur time arund each ther but withut any clse cnnectin. Fast frward t a cuple f years and my father’s business hit the rck bttm. His partner tk away all the mney and left the cuntry. Sn we had t leave ur big huse and settle int a small ne and we were having a hard time meeting ther expenses.
Mr. Sanchez was very kind during that time. He and Gabriel came nce a week and helped me and my siblings get things in rder. That was when Gabriel and I became gd friends. We started talking in the evenings when I learnt he was ging t start cllege and he was much smarter than me.
Later we came up with a business plan and funded a start-up. I felt n shame in cnfessing that Cabriel was much mre instrumental in the rise f ur cmpany.
Later, all f my father’s debt was paid ff and we were again a happy, prsperus family. I was a truly rich man because I had a great friend by my side fr my whle life.
This experience was a valuable lessn fr me. It des nt take a life experience fr peple t g frm rags t riches r the ther way arund. What is imprtant is smene’s persn and behavir tward his ther fellws in real life.
24. What happened t the authr’s family in his early years?
A. Life expenses went up unexpectedly.B. A financial breakdwn hit his family.
C. Their huse was illegally taken away.D. They lst clse cnnectin with thers.
25. What changed the authr’s attitude twards Gabriel?
A. Their partnership in business.B. The prf f Gabriel’s capability.
C. The change f his living cnditin.D. The cnsistent help frm Gabriel.
26. Which f the fllwing wrds best describe Gabriel?
A. Intelligent and lyal.B. Persistent and ambitius.
C. Intrverted but generus.D. Hardwrking but mdest.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Like father, like sn.B. Birds f a feather flck tgether.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way.D. Never judge a bk by its cver.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从富裕到贫困再到重新崛起的经历，以及在这个过程中作者和为他家修剪草坪桑切斯先生儿子 Gabriel成为一生朋友的故事。文章强调了人品和行为的重要性。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“Days went by and we spent ur time arund each ther but withut any clse cnnectin. Fast frward t a cuple f years and my father’s business hit the rck bttm. His partner tk away all the mney andleft the cuntry. (日子一天天过去，我们在一起，但没有任何密切的联系。快进到几年后，我父亲的生意跌至谷底。他的合伙人拿走了所有的钱，离开了这个国家。)”可知，早年，作者家庭遭遇了经济崩溃。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段“Mr. Sanchez was very kind during that time. He and Gabriel came nce a week and helped me and my siblings get things in rder. That was when Gabriel and I became gd friends.(桑切斯先生在那段时间非常善良。他和 Gabriel每周来一次，帮我和我的兄弟姐妹把事情安排妥当。就在那时， Gabriel和我成了好朋友。)”可知， Gabriel的持续帮助改变了作者对他的态度。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“His name was Cabriel and he was a smart by, despite all his‘shrtcmings’.(他的名字叫 Gabriel，尽管他有‘缺点’，但他是个聪明的男孩。)”可知， Gabriel是一个聪明的孩子；再由第五段“Later we came up with a business plan and funded a start-up.I felt n shame in cnfessing that Cabriel was much mre instrumental in the rise f ur cmpany.(后来我们想出了一个商业计划，成立了一家初创公司。我毫不羞愧地承认，Gabriel在我们公司的崛起中发挥了更大的作用。)”可知，Gabriel一直陪伴作者身旁奋斗，所以是一个忠诚的人。故选A项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“This experience was a valuable lessn fr me. It des nt take a life experience fr peple t g frm rags t riches r the ther way arund. What is imprtant is smene’s persn and behavir tward his ther fellws in real life.(这段经历对我来说是一个宝贵的教训。人们从赤贫到富裕或从富裕到赤贫，这并不能让我们得到生活经验。重要的是一个人在现实生活中对其他人的态度和行为。)”以及上文可知，文章主要讲作者改变对 Gabriel的看法，最后成为好朋友的故事，所以D项Never judge a bk by its cver.(切勿以貌取人。)符合语境。故选D项。
C
The vast majrity f peple have an nging cnversatin with themselves, an inner vice, that plays an imprtant rle in their daily lives. But between 5 t 10 percent f the ppulatin d nt have the experience f an inner vice, and they find it mre difficult t perfrm certain verbal memry tasks, new research shws.
Jhanne Nedergard frm the University f Cpenhagen and her clleague Gary Lupyan are the first researchers t investigate whether the lack f an inner vice, r an endphasia as they have cined the cnditin, has any cnsequences fr hw these peple slve prblems, fr example hw they perfrm verbal memry tasks.
Peple wh reprted that they either experienced a high degree f inner vice r very little inner vice in everyday life were subjected t ne experiment that aimed t determine whether there was a difference in their ability t remember language input and ne abut their ability t find rhyme wrds.
The first experiment invlved the participants remembering wrds in rder— wrds that were similar, either phnetically r in spelling, e. g. “bught” “caught”. The participants withut an inner vice were significantly wrse at remembering the wrds. The same applied t an assignment in which the participants had t determine whether a pair f pictures cntained wrds that rhyme,e. g. pictures f a sck and a clck. Here, t, it is crucial t be able t repeat the wrds in rder t cmpare their sunds and thus determine whether they rhyme.
Accrding t Nedergard, the differences in verbal memry that they have identified in their experiments will nt be nticed in rdinary everyday cnversatins. And the questin is, des nt having an inner vice hld any practical r behaviral significance?
S far, the researchers are nt sure because they are nly n the very beginning f a whle prcess f study. But there is ne field where they suspect that having an inner vice plays a rle, and that is therapy; in the widely used cgnitive behaviral therapy, fr example, yu need t identify and change adverse thught patterns, and having an inner vice may be very imprtant in such a prcess. Hwever, it is still uncertain whether differences in the experience f an inner vice are related t hw peple respnd t different types f therapy. Nedergard said she wuld like t cntinue her research t find ut whether ther language areas are affected if yu d nt have an inner vice.
28. What des the underlined wrd”cined“in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Assessed.B. Revised.C. Created.D. Discvered.
29. The researchers use the pictures f a sck and a clck t _____.
A. display hw peple pick up different wrdsB. see hw peple differ in degrees f inner vice
C. explain why sme participants can repeat wrdsD. assess a grup’s ability t remember wrds in rder.
30. Nedergard will prbably agree that peple withut an inner vice ______.
A. have prer verbal memryB. shw traits in daily cnversatins
C. can btain it thrugh trainingD. have serius prblems in learning
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。绝大多数人都与自己进行持续的对话，内心的声音在他们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。研究人员通过研究想知道这种内心对话的作用和意义。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。“the lack f an inner vice”和“an endphasia”是意义一致的，再根据划线单词后的cnditin可知，endphasia是研究人员研究“缺乏内心的声音”时创造的条件，所以划线单词的意义为“创造”，与C项“Created”意义一致。故选C项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Peple wh reprted that they either experienced a high degree f inner vice r very little inner vice in everyday life were subjected t ne experiment that aimed t determine whether there was a difference in their ability t remember language input and ne abut their ability t find rhyme wrds.(那些报告自己在日常生活中经历过高度内心声音或很少内心声音人接受了一项实验，旨在确定他们记忆语言输入的能力和寻找押韵词的能力是否存在差异。)”和第三段的实验“The first experiment invlved the participants remembering wrds in rder— wrds that were similar, either phnetically r in spelling, e. g. “bught” “caught”. The participants withut an inner vice were significantly wrse at remembering the wrds. The same applied t an assignment in which the participants had t determine whether a pair f pictures cntained wrds that rhyme, e. g. pictures f a sck and a clck. Here, t, it is crucial t be able t repeat the wrds in rder t cmpare their sunds and thus determine whether they rhyme.(在第一个实验中，参与者按顺序记住发音或拼写相似的单词，例如“bught”和“caught”。没有内心声音的参与者在记忆单词方面明显更差。在另一项任务中，参与者必须确定一组图片是否包含押韵的单词，例如袜子和时钟的图片。在这里，能够重复单词也是至关重要的，这样可以比较它们的发音，从而确定它们是否押韵。)”可以推论出，研究人员使用袜子和时钟的图片是为了看看人们在内心对话方面如何不同。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Nedergard做的实验“The first experiment invlved the participants remembering wrds in rder— wrds that were similar, either phnetically r in spelling, e. g. “bught” “caught” . The participants withut an inner vice were significantly wrse at remembering the wrds.(在第一个实验中，参与者按顺序记住发音或拼写相似的单词，例如“bught”和“caught”。没有内心声音的参与者在记忆单词方面明显更差。)”可以推论出，Nedergard可能会同意没有内心声音的人言语记忆较差。故选A项。
D
Nature vs. Nurture
Curisity has always been ne f the mst innate and prevailing qualities f humankind. Our endless pursuit f truth and reasns has resulted in a lt f crucial discveries in the wrld. Hwever, the mre we uncver the wrld, the mre we end up generating mre questins t answer. Out f all the wnders f the wrld, human psychlgy is deemed t be ne f the mst cntrversial. The cmplexity f the mind and its reflectin n human behavir has been a subject f many studies and debates. One f the ldest and, still, mst talked abut an argument in psychlgy is the nature against nurture debate.
Nature refers t the bilgical structure and prcesses that determine a persn’s physical and behaviral attributes. Due t the advancement f genetics, scientists have uncvered that physical traits such as eye clr, hair type, height, and life expectancy f a persn can strngly be related t the genetic makeup. These discveries have led t the speculatin that mst psychlgical characteristics like intellect, persnality, and language acquisitin ability are already pre-wired t ur system thrugh ur genetic pattern.
In cntrast, nurture thery suggests that behavir is hned frm sci-cultural factrs. This thery is guided by Jhn Lcke’s “blank slate” thery, which refers t the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with infrmatin derived frm direct and indirect experiences. This thery states peple’s characteristics and behaviral diversity attend results f scial and cultural influences encuntered during their develpment.
The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put frward by Sir Francis Galtn, wh believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He als believed that intellect can be passed frm generatin t generatin. Thus, peple with high intelligence have a majr chance f having highly intellectual ffspring, while peple having lwer than average intellect are mre likely t have lw intellectual ffspring. Hwever , the believers f nurture thery believed that intellectual ability attends the result f inequalities in access t resurces and pprtunities. Thus, intellect is nt a prduct f heredity but mre f a result f the scial cnstruct.
Cuntless research and experimentatin have been cnducted t put an end t the seemingly endless debate. Psychlgists and researchers f the present already embrace the idea that a persn’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the envirnment. The years f labred research n nature and nurture thery finally have brn fruits. Technlgy and research have expanded a better understanding f the human persnality and mind, and will just cntinuusly d as time passes by.
31. Why des the authr mentin “curisity” in the first paragraph?
A. T predict the research results.B. T emphasize the imprtance f explring.
C. T lead t the argument f nature against nurture.D. T raise the reader’s interest in the thery f nature.
32. What des Jhn Lcke’s “blank slate” thery suggest?
A. Human mind is always blank.B. Peple’s behavirs are learned.
C. Behavir is determined genetically.D. Culture has little influence n human.
33. What is the attitude f Sir Francis Galtn twards the thery f nurture?
A. Disapprving.B. Supprtive.C. Neutral.D. Cautius.
34. Which f the fllwing might the authr agree with?
A. The thery f nature is nt accepted by the public.
B. The thery f nurture is based n the thery f nature.
C. The supprters f the tw theries agree with each ther.
D. The thery f nature and the thery f nurture bth make sense.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于人性的先天论与后天论的争论。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The cmplexity f the mind and its reflectin n human behavir has been a subject f many studies and debates. One f the ldest and, still, mst talked abut an argument in psychlgy is the nature against nurture debate.(心灵的复杂性及其在人类行为上的反映一直是许多研究和争论的主题。在心理学中最古老也是至今仍最被热议的一个论题就是先天与教养的辩论)”可知，文章开头提到好奇心是为了引出人类对世界真理的追求，最终导向对人类心理复杂性的探讨，从而引入“先天与教养”的辩论主题，作者在第一段中提到“好奇心”是为了引出关于天性与教养辩论的探讨。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“This thery is guided by Jhn Lcke’s “blank slate” thery, which refers t the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with infrmatin derived frm direct and indirect experiences. This thery states peple’s characteristics and behaviral diversity attend results f scial and cultural influences encuntered during their develpment.(这一理论是以约翰·洛克的“白板说”为指导的，该学说认为人的大脑在最初状态时是一块白板，会逐渐通过直接和间接的经验填充信息。这一理论认为，人们的特性和行为多样性是他们在成长过程中所遇到的社会和文化影响的结果)”可知，“白板说”强调的是人们的行为是通过学习获得的。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put frward by Sir Francis Galtn, wh believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He als believed that intellect can be passed frm generatin t generatin.(“先天与教养”的辩论这一术语是由弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出的，他认为智力是一种可量化的并且可以遗传的人类特质。他也相信智力可以从一代传给另一代)”及“Hwever , the believers f nurture thery believed that intellectual ability attends the result f inequalities in access t resurces and pprtunities. Thus, intellect is nt a prduct f heredity but mre f a result f the scial cnstruct.(然而，教养理论的支持者认为，智力能力是由于获取资源和机会不平等的结果。因此，智力并不是遗传的产物，而是更多地源于社会建构的结果)”可知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿对教养理论持反对态度，因为他更强调智力的遗传性和可遗传性。故选A。
34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Psychlgists and researchers f the present already embrace the idea that a persn’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the envirnment. (现在的心理学家和研究者们已经接受了这样一个观点：一个人的性格受到其基因构成和环境的极大影响)”可知，作者认为天性和教养的理论都具有一定的道理，因为它们都在某种程度上影响着人类的性格和行为。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Des Nrm Matter? Simply put, a nrm is a rule that guides behavir amng members f a sciety r grup. Nrms are scial facts: things which exist in sciety independent f individuals, and that shape ur thughts and behavir. _____35_____.
While we can understand nrms simply as rules that tell us what we shuld r shuldn’t d, there’s much mre t them that scilgists find interesting and wrthy f study. Fr example, scilgical fcus is ften directed at hw nrms are disseminated---hw we cme t learn them. The prcess f scializatin is guided by nrms and taught t us by thse arund us, including ur families, teachers, and authrity figures frm religin, plitics, law, and ppular culture._____36_____ We d this a lt as children, but we als d it as adults in unfamiliar spaces, amng new grups f peple, r in places we visit fr this time. Learning the nrms f any given space r grup allws us t functin in that setting, and t be accepted by thse present.
As knwledge f hw t perate in the wrld, nrms are an imprtant part f the cultural capital that each f us pssesses and embdies. They are, in fact, cultural prducts and are culturally cntextual, and they nly exist if we realize them in ur thught and behavir. Fr the mst part, nrms are things that we take fr granted and spend little time thinking abut, but they becme highly visible and cnscius when they are brken._____37_____ We abide them because we knw that they exist and that we will face sanctins if we break them.
_____38_____. If a persn cuts the line r drps smething that makes a mess and des nthing in respnse, thers present might sanctin their behavir visually with eye cntact and facial expressins, r verbally.
Because they guide ur behavir, and when brken, they enlist a reactin that is meant t reaffirm them and their cultural imprtance. They allw us t live ur lives with an understanding f what we can expect frm thse arund us. _____39_____ Withut nrms, ur wrld wuld be in chas, and we wuldn’t knw hw t navigate it.
A. This wuld be a frm f scial apprval.
B. As such, they have a frcing pwer ver us.
C. Sme nrms can lead t serius scial prblems.
D. The everyday enfrcement f them thugh is mstly unseen.
E. In many cases they allw us t feel safe and secure, and t perate at ease.
F. We learn them thrugh spken and written directive, but als thrugh bserving thse arund us.
G. They perate in ur subcnscius, and we dn’t think cnsciusly abut them unless they are brken.
【答案】35. B 36. F 37. D 38. G 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。具体介绍了规范的特点和作用。
【35题详解】
根据上句“Nrms are scial facts: things which exist in sciety independent f individuals, and that shape ur thughts and behavir. (规范是社会事实:独立于个人存在于社会中的事物，它塑造了我们的思想和行为。)”可知，设空处承接上句，继续说明规范的作用，B项：As such, they have a frcing pwer ver us.(因此，他们对我们有一种强迫的力量。)合乎题意，其中“they”指代上句的“nrms”。故选B。
【36题详解】
根据上句“The prcess f scializatin is guided by nrms and taught t us by thse arund us, including ur families, teachers, and authrity figures frm religin, plitics, law, and ppular culture (社会化的过程受到规范的引导，并由我们周围的人教给我们，包括我们的家庭、老师、宗教、政治、法律和流行文化中的权威人物)”设空处承接上句，说明学习规范的方式，F项：We learn them thrugh spken and written directive, but als thrugh bserving thse arund us.(我们通过口头和书面指示来学习它们，但也通过观察我们周围的人来学习。)承接上文，合乎题意。故选F。
【37题详解】
根据上句“Fr the mst part, nrms are things that we take fr granted and spend little time thinking abut, but they becme highly visible and cnscius when they are brken (在大多数情况下，规范是我们认为理所当然的事情，很少花时间去思考，但当它们被打破时，它们变得非常明显和有意识)”以及后句“We abide them because we knw that they exist and that we will face sanctins if we break them.(我们遵守它们，因为我们知道它们是存在的，如果我们违反它们，我们将面临制裁。)”可知，设空处和上句构成转折关系并介绍规范的日常执行的特点，D项：The everyday enfrcement f them thugh is mstly unseen.(然而，它们的日常执行大多是看不见的。)合乎题意。故选D。
【38题详解】
设空处位于段首，为段落主题句，根据后文“If a persn cuts the line r drps smething that makes a mess and des nthing in respnse, thers present might sanctin their behavir visually with eye cntact and facial expressins, r verbally. (如果一个人插队或把东西弄得一团糟，却不做任何回应，在场的其他人可能会通过眼神交流、面部表情或语言来惩罚他们的行为。)”具体举例说明规范在潜意识中运作，G项：They perate in ur subcnscius, and we dn’t think cnsciusly abut them unless they are brken.(它们在我们的潜意识中运作，除非它们被打破，否则我们不会有意识地去思考它们)总结本段，合乎题意。故选G。
【39题详解】
根据上句“They allw us t live ur lives with an understanding f what we can expect frm thse arund us. (他们让我们在生活中了解我们可以从周围的人那里得到什么。)”设空处承接上句，说明规范的作用。E项：In many cases they allw us t feel safe and secure, and t perate at ease.(在很多情况下，它们让我们感到安全，让我们安心地操作。)合乎题意。故选E。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In April 2021，my grandparents’ lives were turned upside dwn instantly. A car drve int their hme, literally. The vehicle went thrugh the frnt wall f their hme, thrugh the living rm, and then hit the brder between the living rm and kitchen.
My grandfather was standing in frnt f the refrigeratr; the car hitting the wall threw him acrss the kitchen. He was in serius cnditin and unable t walk. We were all s wrried abut him. Hw wuld he deal with smething s awful happening at his age?
But what surprised everyne was hw psitive my grandfather remained thrughut the entire thing. He was grateful he was alive when the accident culd have quickly taken his life. He taught us that even when life gets yu dwn, yu have t be grateful fr the things yu d have rather than dwelling n the things yu dn’t have.
Even thugh he culd nt walk r functin as he had previusly, my grandpa fund ways t becme satisfied: such as reading his favrite newspaper r receiving a call frm a friend r family member. He was grateful fr the kind nurses, physical therapists, and ther medical persnnel wh saved his life and helped him recver.
When smething s life-changing happens t a clse family member, it puts life int perspective and makes yu thankful fr the little things in life. Meanwhile, all the little things that used t stress us ut suddenly dn’t matter in the large scheme f things. Anything can happen, and finding things that make yu happy every day is essential.
40. What happened t the authr’s grandpa in April 2021?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why was grandfather grateful fr the accident?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
The authr has fund inspiratin frm his grandpa and realized that we shuld be thankful fr the little things because they matter in the large scheme f things.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Please describe smething yu have learnt frm a special event.(In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A car drve int his hme and threw him acrss the kitchen.
41. He had a belief that yu have t be grateful fr things yu d have rather than dwelling n the things yu dn’t have.
42. The authr has fund inspiratin frm his grandpa and realized that we shuld be thankful fr the little things because they matter in the large scheme f things.
Accrding t the passage， the authr has fund inspiratin frm his grandpa and realized we shuld be thankful fr the little things because they dn’t matter in the large scheme f things.
43. By participating in a cultural exchange prgram, l’ve learned that embracing diversity enriches ur understanding f the wrld and fsters empathy and glbal-mindedness.This experience has been prfundly meaningful, highlighting the value f pen-mindedness and the beauty in ur intercnnectedness.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了爷爷的做事方式对作者的影响。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第一段“A car drve int their hme, literally.”（ 一辆车开进了他们家，真的。）以及根据第二段“the car hitting the wall threw him acrss the kitchen.”（汽车撞在墙上，把他从厨房那边抛了出去。）可知，一辆汽车开进祖父的家，把他从厨房扔抛了出去。故回答为：A car drve int his hme and threw him acrss the kitchen.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第三段“He taught us that even when life gets yu dwn, yu have t be grateful fr the things yu d have rather than dwelling n the things yu dn’t have. ”（他教导我们，即使生活让你失望，你也要对你已经拥有的东西心存感激，而不是老想着你没有的东西。）可知，祖父对这次事故心存感激的原因是他有一个信念，你必须对你已经拥有的东西心存感激，而不是纠结于你没有的东西。故回答为：He had a belief that yu have t be grateful fr things yu d have rather than dwelling n the things yu dn’t have.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据最后一段“Meanwhile, all the little things that used t stress us ut suddenly dn’t matter in the large scheme f things.”（与此同时，所有过去让我们感到压力的小事情突然变得无关紧要。）可知，根据这篇文章，作者从他的爷爷那里找到了灵感，并意识到我们应该对小事情心存感激，因为它们在大局中并不重要。故because they matter in the large scheme f things，错误。故回答为：The authr has fund inspiratin frm his grandpa and realized that we shuld be thankful fr the little things because they matter in the large scheme f things.
Accrding t the passage, the authr has fund inspiratin frm his grandpa and realized we shuld be thankful fr the little things because they dn’t matter in the large scheme f things.
【43题详解】
考查开放性阅读表达。根据问题要求：请描述你从一个特殊事件中学到的东西。通过参加文化交流项目，我了解到拥抱多样性丰富了我们对世界的理解，培养了同理心和全球意识。这次经历意义深远，凸显了开放思想的价值和我们相互联系的美好。故回答为；By participating in a cultural exchange prgram, l’ve learned that embracing diversity enriches ur understanding f the wrld and fsters empathy and glbal-mindedness.This experience has been prfundly meaningful, highlighting the value f pen-mindedness and the beauty in ur intercnnectedness.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。中秋节临近，你的学校将举行一系列庆祝活动。请你给正在中国旅游的英国好友Jim写封邮件，内容包括：
1.庆祝活动安排;
2.邀请他参加。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。
Dear Jim，
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yurs，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I hpe yu are enjying yur trip in China! As the Mid-Autumn Festival appraches, I am glad t tell yu that ur schl is rganizing a series f festive events.
These activities will take place at ur schl n September 17th.We have planned a lantern-making wrkshp, a traditinal Chinese pera perfrmance, and a mn-cake tasting event, which is a wnderful chance t immerse yurself in Chinese traditins and culture. I wuld be abslutely thrilled if yu culd jin us fr these celebratins. Please let me knw if yu can make it, and I’ll send yu mre details.
Yurs，
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。中秋节临近，你的学校将举行一系列庆祝活动，要求考生给正在中国旅游的英国好友Jim写封邮件，介绍活动并邀请其来参加。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发生：happen →take place
到来：cme → apprach
激动的：exciting → thrilled
快乐的：happy → glad
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：These activities will take place at ur schl n September 17th.
拓展句：It is n September 17th that these activities will take place at ur schl.
【点睛】【高分句型1】We have planned a lantern-making wrkshp, a traditinal Chinese pera perfrmance, and a mncake tasting event, which is a wnderful chance t immerse yurself in Chinese traditins and culture.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】As the Mid-Autumn Festival appraches, I am glad t tell yu that ur schl is rganizing a series f festive events.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句以及that引导的宾语从句）
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