人教版初中英语八年级上册Unit 1 Where did you go on vaction ？（单元知识清单）

这是一份人教版初中英语八年级上册Unit 1 Where did you go on vaction ？（单元知识清单），共15页。
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation ?重要知识点清单一、单元重点词汇—Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪里度假了?—I went to the mountains. 我去爬山了。【知识详解 】Where did you...? 是一般过去时的特殊疑问句，其句式结构为：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他成分?其中did是助动词，没有人称和数的变化，实义动词要用原形。 例：What did you do yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午干什么了?I played tennis with my friend. 我和我的朋友一起打网球了。on vacation意为“在度假”。例：My family went to Hainan on vacation last year. 我家人去年去海南度假了。Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? 哦，你去什么有趣的地方了吗?【知识详解 】anywhere是副词，意思是“任何地方；无论何处”，常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。例：I cannot find it anywhere. 我在什么地方都没找到它。Are you going anywhere tonight? 今晚你要去什么地方吗?If you go anywhere, take me with you. 你要是去什么地方，带我一起去。若是肯定句中说某个地方，应用somewhere。例：I remember seeing him somewhere. 我记得在哪儿见过他somewhere/anywhere有时与修饰语连用，这时候，其修饰语要置于somewhere/ anywhere之后。例：You can go anywhere interesting if you want. 如果你想，你可以去任何一个有趣的地方。辨析：somewhere，anywhere，everywhere与nowhereWe took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了相当多的照片。【知识详解】take photos意为“拍照、照相”，take a photo of sb./sth. 意为“给...拍照”。例：We took many photos on the Great Wall. 我们在长城上拍了很多照片。few意思是“很少；几乎没有”，而a few表示“一些”，quite a few表示“相当多的”，都修饰可数名词。例：He has few friends here ,s0 he feels lonely. 他在这里几乎没朋友.所以他感觉寂寞。Quite a few students go to school by bike. 相当多的学生骑自行车上学。辨析：few, a few与little, a little词组辨析：quite a few与quite a little quite a few 相当多；不少。修饰可数名词复数e.g. He will stay here for quite a few days. 他会在这待不少天。quite a little 许多；相当多。修饰不可数名词e.g. There is quiet a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有相当多的水。It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.天气晴朗且炎热，因此我们决定去我们宾馆附近的海滩。【知识点详解】 ❶及物动词 决定 常见搭配如下 decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事 They decided to learn a foreign language. 他们决定学一门外语。 I decide not to play with him any longer. 我决定不再和他玩。 decide + “疑问词+动词不定式” I can’t decide which to choose. 我无法决定选择哪一个。 Can you help me decide when to leave? 你能帮我决定何时离开吗？ decide + 宾语从句 They can’t decide where they should go. 他们无法决定去哪里。❷不及物动词 决定 decide on sth. 就某事作出决定、选定某物 Have you already decided on a date for your wedding? 你已经选定好你的婚期了吗？ decide的名词形式：decision make a decision 做决定 make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth. 决定做某事 I made a decision to read an English novel every week. 我决定每周读一本英文小说。My sister and I tried paragliding.我的妹妹和我尝试过滑翔伞运动。【知识点详解 】❶及物动词 尝试、努力、设法 意为“尝试”时，后接名词、代词或v-ing； try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 意为“设法、努力”时，后接动词不定式，即to do sth. try to do sth. 尽力做某事、设法做某事 Let’s try making a model plane. 我们尝试着做一个飞机模型吧。 He tried to raise the box. 他努力抬起那个箱子。❷不及物动词 尝试、努力 I don’t think I can do it, but I’ll try. 我认为我做不了这件事，但我会尝试一下。❸名词 尝试 have a try 试一试 Let me have a try. 让我试一试。What a difference a day makes!一天的变化有多大呀!【知识点详解 】(1) 常构成短语：make a difference 有影响；起作用the difference(s) between...and...，意为“……和……两者间的不同点”。(2) different adj. 不同的(3) differently adv.不同地I wonder what life was like here in the past.我想知道这里过去的生活是什么样子的。【知识点详解 】❶及物动词 想知道、琢磨，相当于want to know，后接who, what, why以及if等引导的宾语从句。 I wonder why you failed the final exam. 我想知道你期末考试为什么不及格。❷不可数名词 惊讶、惊叹 She stared at the burning building in wonder. 她惊奇看着燃烧的大楼。❸可数名词 奇迹、奇观 Great Wall is one of the seven wonders of the world. 长城是七大奇观之一。 在其后加后缀-ful， wonderful 形容词，精彩的、绝妙的 That was a wonderful performance. 那是一场精彩的演出。We waited over an hour for the train.我们等了一个多小时的火车。【知识点详解 】(1) wait to do sth.等着去做某事(2) wait for sb./sth. 等待某人/某物(3) can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事And because of the bad weather，we couldn't see anything below.【知识点详解 】辨析because of 和 because二者皆意为“因为”，但because of为短语，后面接表示原因的名词、代词或名词性短语。而because为连词，后接表示原因的句子。 He was late for work because of the heavy traffic. = He was late for work because the traffic was heavy. 因为交通拥挤，他上班迟到了。My father didn’t bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish. 我的爸爸没有带足够多的钱，因此我们只吃了一-碗米饭和一些鱼肉。【知识点详解 】 ❶形容词 足够的、充分的 可用作定语修饰名词，放在名词前，但表示“足够的时间”时，也可放在名词time后面，即enough time, time enough均可。 enough + 名词 + to do sth. 有足够的.....做某事You have enough time / time enough to clean your room. 你有足够的时间打扫房间。❷副词 足够地、充分地 用来修饰形容词或动词，放在被修饰词之后 adj./adv. + enough + (for sb.) + to do sth. (对某人来说)足够.....可以做某事He ran quickly enough to get first prize. 他跑得足够快，可以得到第一名。❸代词 足够、充足Five chairs are enough. 五张椅子足够了。seem的用法【知识点详解 】❶seem (+ to be) + 名词/形容词 看起来.....，好像...... 用来说明主语的特征或状态 to be可省略 I gave my money to those who seemed (to be) very hungry at that moment. 我把我的钱给了那些当时看起来很饥饿的人。 She seems (to be) a smart girl. 她看起来像是一个聪明的女孩。❷seem to do sth. 好像做某事、似乎做某事 He always stays alone and he seems to have few friends. 他总是一个人待着，他似乎没有朋友。❸It seems/seemed that.... 看起来好像......,似乎....... It seems that he has few friends. 他似乎没有朋友。❹It seems as if....... 看起来......, 仿佛....... It seems as if it is going to rain. 看起来要下雨了。I felt like I was a bird.我感觉像一只小鸟。【知识点详解】 ❶感觉像.....，给.....的感觉，感受到 后面接名词或从句 I feel like a fish in the sea. 我感觉像大海里的一条鱼。 I felt like (that) I was swimming in the sea. 我感觉像在大海里游泳。 ❷想要 后接名词、代词或v-ing，注意和want, would like的区别 即：feel like doing sth. = want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事 Do you feel like taking a walk in the park with me? = Do you want to take a walk in the park with me? = Would you like to take a walk in the park with me? 你想跟我在公园里散散步吗？感叹句的用法【知识点详解】感叹句主要由what和how引导，主要结构如下：❶What + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语 + 其他)What a smart girl she is! 她真是个聪明的女孩！❷What + adj. + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语 + 其他)What hard-working students they are!他们真是努力学习的学生。What fine weather it is today!今天天气真好！❸How + adj./adv. + (主语 + 谓语 + 其他) How wonderful the film is! 这部电影真精彩！ How fast he runs! 他跑得真快！ ❹How + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语 + 其他)How amazing a car it is! 多么让人惊奇的一部车啊！辨析：much too too much too many many too【知识点详解】 too much的含义是“太多”，充当形容词用时，too是副词，用来修饰much，后接不可数名词。 too much充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词。too much充当代词用时，后面不接名词。much too意为“太”，much(副词)用来修饰too，只起副词作用，在句中修饰形容词或副词。 too many的中心词是many，用法与many相同，用来修饰复数可数名词。例如： 一般没有many too这种用法。There are too many books on the desk. 书桌上书太多了。 We have too much work to do.m 我们有太多工作要做。 Wait for me! You’re walking much too fast. 等等我，你走太快了！ It is much too expensive, and I can’t afford it. 太贵了，我买不起！ no one/nobody 没有人。 Everyone wants to be a hero, but no one wants to die. 人人都想当一名英雄，但没有人想死。【易混辨析】 no one，none与nothingHow did you like it? 你认为它怎么样?【知识点详解】How do you like...? 意为“你觉得...怎么样?”，用于询问对方的观点或看法，相当于What do you think of...? 或How do you feel about...? 例：How do you like your new job? = What do you think of your new job? 你觉得你的新工作怎么样?How do you like the Double Eleven Shopping Festival?= How do you feel about the Double Eleven Shopping Festival?= What do you think of the Double Eleven Shopping Festival? 你认为双十一购物节怎么样？Still no one seemed to be bored. 好像仍然没有一个人感到无聊。【知识点详解】bored表示“感到厌倦的”，用来说明人的感受；boring表示“令人厌烦的、无趣的”，用来说明事物的特征。例：She is bored with her job. 她对自己的工作不感兴趣。The lecture was deadly boring. 那讲座真是乏味极了。以-ed结尾的形容词，通常用来修饰或者描述人，以-ing结尾的形容词，通常用来修饰或者描述物。类似的形容词还有：interested/ interesting；excited exciting；surprised surprising。I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚槟城。【知识点详解】辨析：get, arrive, reach（三者都有“到达”之意，但用法上有所区别）规则动词和不规则动词的过去式 动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化，具体如下 ❶规则动词的变化： 1. 一般动词，直接加-ed，如：watch--watched, help--helped, work--worked 2. 以字母e结尾的动词，加-d，如：love--loved, live--lived, arrive--arrived 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，加-ed，如：study--studied, cry--cried, worry--worried 4. 重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，加-ed，如：shop--shopped, stop--stopped ❷不规则动词的变化： 1. 动词的过去式与动词原形一样： let--let, cut--cut, read--read, cut--cut 2. 变i为a： swim--swam, sing--sang, begin--began, sit--sat, give--gave, drink--drank 3. 过去式以ought或aught结尾： bring--brought, buy--bought, think--thought, catch--caught, teach--taught 4. 中间去e，末尾加t： feel--felt, keep--kept, sleep--slept, sweep--swept 5. 变i为o： ride--rode, drive--drove, write--wrote 6. ow/aw变ew： know--knew, grow--grew, throw--threw, draw--drew 7. 以d结尾的词，把d变为t： build--built, lend--lent, send--sent, spend--spentso....that.... 如此......以至于........ 在该句型中，so和that中间用形容词或副词，that前表示原因，that后接表示结果的句子。 例：It is raining so heavily that we have to stay at home. 雨下得太大了，我们只能待在家里。 She is so smart that we all like her. 她真聪明，我们都喜欢她。 在该句型中，so和that中间还可用其他，如： ❶ So + many/much/few/little + 名词 +that 从句： 例：She has collected so many helpful and beautiful sentences that she can write well. 她积累了很多有用的优美句子，因此她写作很好。 ❷ so + adj. + a/an + 名词 + that从句： 例：She is so beautiful a girl that we all like her. 她是个非常漂亮的女孩，我们都喜欢她。 注1：该句型与such....that.....的区别。在such....that....中，such和that中间接名词或名词性短语，that后接从句。 例：It is such a simple question that all of us can work it out. 这个问题太简单了，我们都能解答。 注2：该句型与so that的区别。so that既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，相当于in order that,意为“以便、为了” 例：Please speak loud so that we can hear you clearly. 请大声说，以便我们能清楚地听到你的话。(“我们能听到你的话”是”大声说的目的”) =Please speak loud in order that we can hear you clearly. 引导结果状语从句时，前面为原因，that后的从句表达的是结果 例：Jones didn’t work hard so that he failed his final exam. 琼斯学习不努力，结果期末考试不及格。二、单元语法讲解复合不定代词 常见的复合不定代词主要分指人、指事物，由some, any, every, no加上one, body, thing构成，具体如下：复合不定代词的用法：❶复合不定代词相当于名词，在句子中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但是不能作定语。 例：There is someone singing in the classroom. (作主语) 教室里有人正在唱歌。 I have something to do this afternoon. (作宾语)今天下午我有点事要做。 Money isn’t everything. (作表语) 金钱不是一切。❷复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时，形容词或动词不定式应放在复合不定代词之后。 例：I have something important to do. (important修饰something)我有重要的事要做。 Do you want anything to read? (动词不定式to read修饰anything)你想读点什么吗？❸复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例：Everyone is working hard to achieve the success. 为了成功，人人都在努力工作。 Everything is new in the new year. 在新的一年，一切如新。❹注意区别应用含有some和any的复合不定代词。 含有some的复合不定代词用于：1.肯定句 2.表达请求、建议、邀请等疑问句中或希望得到对方肯定回答的问句中。 含有any的复合不定代词用于：1.否定句或疑问句，代替含some的复合不定代词 2.条件句 3.肯定句中表达“任何人/事”Learning is a lifelong journey because we can learn something new every day.学习是一个终身的旅程，因为我们每天都能学习新知识。Would you like something to drink? 你要喝点什么吗？I bought something special for my parents. 我给我的父母买了一点特别的东西。I don’t have anything to say. = I have nothing to say. 我没什么说的。I can do anything for you. 我可以为你做任何事。【典例分析】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①.He asked me if there was _______to read. A. easy enough something B. enough easy somethingC．something easy enough D．something enough easy【答案】C【详解】形容词修饰不定代词，放在后面。Enough修饰形容词也放在形容词后面。 = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②.I really have something important_______.A．do B．to doing C．to do D．does【答案】C【详解】复合不定代词与动词不定式连用，不定式必须后置。三、单元写作本单元的话题是节日和假日。写作内容通常是以写日记的形式记述假期旅行。写日记时通常要具备五个要素，还要注意三个方面。其五要素为：When(时间)；Where(地点); Who(人物); What(活动); How(感受)。需要注意的三个方面为: 注意日记的整体格式; 2.注意人称和时态; 3.写清当天发生的事情。游记三个段落内容要点：I.何时与何人到何地； II.交通方式； 天气； 活动（美食、观光、拍照、购物...）； III.感受。思路点拨 第一步:交代时间及天气第二步:说明旅行的地点及那里人们的态度第三步:说明“我”的活动以及“我” 的感受写作素材总体概括The best place that I have ever visited is Beijing. I went to Beijing with my parents last summer.It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.Today, I’d like to share my summer holiday with you.It was sunny on May 1st. I went on a trip with my parents. On the first day of National Day, I went for a trip to Shanghai with my parents. My family and I went to Xi’an during the May Day holiday. Everything was great.I am so excited to tell you something interesting I have experienced in someplace.I had a good time with my family last summer holiday. 旅游活动We went there by train/ plane... We stayed there for five days.We visited some places of interest. The flowers on the mountain were very beautiful. It was not cold or hot those days. I liked the weather very much. There was always sunshine and soft wind, which made us so comfortable. It was an excellent vacation. I went there by train and my train trip was relaxing. The weather was sunny and warm.On the first day,... On the second day,... On the third day,...We saw beautiful green hills, clean water and so on. The food in Changchun is very delicious. People are also very friendly/kind and warm. Changchun lies in the north of China and it is a really beautiful place.We went back to Changchun by plane. It was faster and more comfortable than by train. We enjoyed the trip and ate lots of local snacks. What a wonderful trip we had!I climbed the West Hill. It was a little difficult to climb, but I was very happy. We took many photos there. We lived in a five-star hotel at night. My parents took me to taste all kinds of delicious seafood.旅游感受My vacation there was really exciting. Xi’an is really an ancient city with a long history and I plan to visit there again!I’m interested in the traditions in different places. I’m looking forward to going there.We were tired but really happy. We had a great time.We had a wonderful time in Changchun. I look forward to going there again./I hope to visit there again some day.写作在线5月1日,你们班组织了一次郊游。请根据表格提示，发挥想象,写一篇英语日记，记述这次假期旅行。要求: 1. 要点齐全，可适当发挥。2. 70词左右。写作模板开端 → Friday, May 1st天气与地点→The weather... | went to the beach...正文 人们的态度→They were... 活动 →At first, we swam... Then we played... At noon,感受 →All of us had a great time!经典范文Friday, May IstThe weather was fine today. I went to the beach for a trip with my classmates. There were many people on vacation. They were friendly to each other. At first, we swam happily in the sea. Then we played beach volleyball. When we were tired, we lay on the beach and relaxed. At noon, we felt a little hungry, so we went to have some seafood. It was very delicious!All of us had a great time!“ ”部分为写作亮点。somewhere“某处、在某处”，强调在一个地方，用于肯定句I remember seeing him somewhere. 我记得在哪儿见过他anywhere“在什么地方、任何地方”，用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句中，在肯定句中表示“随便什么地方”I cannot find it anywhere. （否定句）我在什么地方都没找到它。Are you going anywhere tonight? （疑问句）今晚你要去什么地方吗?If you go anywhere, take me with you. （条件状语从句）你要是去什么地方，带我一起去。everywhere“到处、处处”，强调多个地方，用于肯定句He follows me everywhere.我无论去哪儿他都跟着我。nowhere“不在任何地方；任何地方都不”，和anywhere是反义词，意思相反He has nowhere to stick up his posters.他没地方贴海报了。no one只能用于指人，不能与of连用。作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。可表示＂没有人＂，一般用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句。 No one wants to go shopping. 没有一个人想去购物。none表示＂没有一个＂。既可指人，也可指物。其后可接of短语，＂none of＋可数名词复数＂作主语时谓语动词用单、复数皆可。可指数量上＂一个也没有＂，一般用来回答how many/much引导的特殊疑问句。 None of these pens work/works. 这些钢笔没有一支能用。nothing 只能用于指物，作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。可用来回答what 引导的特殊疑问句及含anything的一般疑问句。 —What is in the box? 箱子里有 什么？—Nothing. 什么东西也没有。get不及物动词，其后若跟地点名词，要用get toHow does he get to school?他是怎样到校的?arrive不及物动词，后面接地点名词时需加介词in或at，大地点用arrive in，小地点用arrive at。如果不接地点。则直接用arriveLisa will arrive in Beijing next week.莉萨将会于下周到达北京How did he arrive at the airport?他是怎样到机场的?reachreach是及物动词，后面可直接跟宾语,般不接地点副词Please reach the TV station on time.请按时到电视台注意：当get, arrive后跟地点副词（如here, there, home等）的时候，其后不必加任何介词例：We will get/ arrive there at nine. 我们会在九点到达那里one (指人)body (指人)thing (指事物)somesomeonesomebodysomethinganyanyoneanybodyanythingeveryeveryoneeverybodyeverythingnono onenobodynothingDateFriday, May 1stWeatherfinePlacebeachPeoplefriendlyActivitiesswim, play beach volleyball, eat seafoodFeelinggreat