人教版初中英语八年级上册Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.（单元知识清单）

这是一份人教版初中英语八年级上册Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.（单元知识清单），共15页。
Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.重要知识点清单一、单元重点词汇Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓,但萨姆比汤姆打得更好。【知识详解 】both既可以作形容词，又可以作不定代词使用。常见用法如下：拓展That’s Tara, isn’t it? 那是塔拉，不是吗?【知识详解】这是一个反意疑问句。反意疑问句是由陈述部分+反意疑问部分构成的，希望证实所叙述的内容。反意疑问句，有以下两种结构：And She also sings more loudly than Tara. 她唱歌也比泰拉声音大。【知识点详解】辨析：aloud, loud, loudlyTara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉工作和蒂娜一样努力。【知识点详解 】as...as...意为“像...一样...”，该结构中第一个as是副词，第二个as是介词或连词，用于表示同级之间的比较。其主要用法如下：【注意】这时含有not as/so...as的句子也有比较的含义，可以和含有比较级的句子进行转换。Tom is not as short as Tim. 汤姆没蒂姆矮。＝Tim is not as tall as Tom. 蒂姆没有汤姆高。＝Tom is taller than Tim. 汤姆比蒂姆高。＝Tim is shorter than Tom.蒂姆比汤姆矮。Well, everyone wants to win. 所有人都想赢。【知识点详解 】辨析：win, beatBut the most important thing is to learn something me and have fun.但最重要的事情是学习一些新东西并享受快乐。【知识点详解 】“to learn something new and have fun”是动词不定式短语，在句中作表语。have fun是固定搭配，意为“玩得高兴，计得快乐”，其相关词组是have fun( in)doing sth.，表示“做某事有乐趣”。have a good time/enjoy oneself都可表示“过得愉快”。例：We have a lot of fun in the park. 我们在公园里玩得很快乐。I have no fun in spending the evening doing noting. 我晚上没有事做很无聊。I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为一个好朋友能使我笑。【知识点详解 】make sb. do sth. “让/使某人做某事”。make 后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。例：His words made us feel so excited. 他的话使我们感觉如此兴奋。The boss made the workers work day and night. 老板让工人们整日整夜地工作。【知识拓展】(1)、make sb./sth. +形容词，表示＂使某人(感到)……；使某物……＂，此时形容词作宾语补足语。此类形容词有happy、sad、pleased、angry、relaxed、scared、comfortable、sick、worried、easy等。The news makes me happy. 这个消息让我很高兴。(2)、make sb. + 名词，表示＂使某人成为……＂，名词作宾语补足语。We make him captain. 我们选他当队长。(3)、make sb. + 过去分词，表示＂使某人……被＂，动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，有被动含义，翻译成主动语态形式，sb.可以是反身代词。She spoke aloud to make herself heard. 她大声说话，以使别人能听到她。(4)、make sb./sth. do表示＂使某人/某物做……＂，不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。注意在被动语态中不定式符号to不能省略。She made me wait for a long time. 她让我等了很长时间。Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk. 我每天不得不吃一个鸡蛋，喝一些牛奶。(5) 、常见的后接省略to的不定式作宾补的使役动词let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 Let me have a try. 让我试一试。have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 He had me give him a hand. 他让我帮他个忙。拓展see 、watch 、look at（即“三眼”）， hear、listen to（即“两耳”），feel（即“感觉”），以及let、have、make三个使役动词后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。例：Did you hear him go out? 你听到他出去了吗? I often see him play basketball in the playground. 我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they are good. 但我认为朋友就像书一样——朋友不在多而贵在好【知识点详解 】as long as＂只要；既然＂，表示条件，意思是＂只要＂，引导条件状语从句。例：You may take this book away as long as you return it on time. 只要你按时归还，你就可以把这本书拿走。【知识拓展】（1）用于as...as句型中，表示＂像……一样长＂。My arms are as long as yours. 我的胳膊和你的一样长。（2）表示时间，意思是＂达……之久＂。You can keep the book as long as you like. 这本书你想借多久就借多久。I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.我并不很在意我的朋友是和我一-样还是和我不同。【知识点详解 】care在句中是一个及物动词,意思是“在意， 在乎”。care的常见用法如下：此句中if不是“如果”的意思，而是“是否”的意思。另外，“if..”是主句“I don’t really care”的谓语动词的宾语，故称作“宾语从句”。例：I wonder if they will come to our party. 我想知道他们是否会来参加我们的聚会。the same as “和....一样”。例：Your opinion is the same as mine. 你的观点和我的一样。【知识拓展】My best friend is similar to Larry because she’s less hard-working than me.我最好的朋友与拉里很相似，因为她不如我努力。【知识点详解】similar为形容词，意为“相像的；类似的”，常用短语be similar to sb./sth.“与某人某物相似”。相当于take after.例：My problems are very similar to yours. 我的问题与你的很相似。similar与in连用时，构成be similar in sth.意为＂在某方面相似/相仿＂。Ice fishing, a popular winter sport, is similar in many ways to regular fishing. 冰下捕鱼，一个受欢迎的冬季运动，在许多方面与常规钓鱼是相似的。【易混辨析】be similar to, be similar in (1)be similar to意为＂与……相像的/类似的＂。(2)be similar in意为＂在……方面相似＂。My best friend Larry is quite different from me. 我最好的朋友拉里和我很不一样。【知识点详解】be different from意为“和.....不同”，反义短语为：the same as...例：My work is different from his. 我的工作不同于他的（工作）。拓展 difference为different的名词形式，意为“差别，差异”。例：The twins have many differences. 这对双胞胎有许多不同点。is talented in music. 在音乐方面有天赋。【知识点详解】be talented in指＂在……方面有天赋＂，后接名词或动名词。Mozart was talented in music. 莫扎特有音乐天赋。。You’re very talented in speaking English. 你很有说英语的天赋。【知识拓展】(1) 同义词gifted adj. 有天赋的She is a gifted violinist. 她是位有天赋的小提琴手。(2) talent n. 天赋；才，人才have a talent for＝have a gift for 有……天赋The woman has a talent/gift for cooking. 这个女人有烹饪的天赋。He is a great talent. 他是个了不起的人才。care about 关心；在意【知识点详解】Do you care about your future? 你关心自己的未来吗？He doesn’t care about the news. 他对这条新闻并不关心。【知识拓展】（1）care作动词的常用词组还有：care for 喜欢；照料He cared for her more than she realized. 她不知道他是多么在乎她。（2）care作名词的常用词组：take care 小心；当心；保重take care of 照顾；照料（相当于look after)Take care not to make mistakes. 当心别犯错。Goodbye, and take care! 再见，多保重！He is old enough to take care of himself. 他足够大，能照顾自己了。laugh v. 笑；发笑【知识点详解】He who laughs last laughs longest. 别高兴得太早。【知识拓展】（1）laugh at 嘲笑Don’t laugh at others. 别嘲笑他人。（2）laugh作名词时，意为＂笑声＂，是可数名词。We had a good laugh about his joke. 我们觉得他的笑话很好笑。 A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.一个真正的朋友是在需要时给你帮助、使你感动【知识点详解】He reached over for the last cake. 他伸过手来拿最后一块蛋糕。reach for one’s hand伸手帮某人一把【易混辨析】touch:(vt) 感动;触摸touch one’s heart打动某人的心；令某人感动The movie touches my heart.Don’t touch the dog! It’s dangerous.touch:(n)接触 常用短语：keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系get in touch with sb.与某人取得联系The one with shorter hair.头发较短的那一位。【知识点详解 】with指人随身“长着，戴着，带着……；有……的”，表示人的某种特征。我的老师是一个有金黄色头发的英国人。My teacher is an Englishman with golden hair. 一个长头发的女孩在操场上走着，手里拿着一本书。A girl with long hair is walking on the playground, with a book in her hand. 考点拓展 with还表示伴随状态、随身带物；with做介词，表示“和……一起”；with表示“带有，有着，加……料的”。The teacher came in with a book under her arm.老师夹着书进了教室。He likes to live with his parents他喜欢和父母住在一起。China is a country with a long history.中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。中考特殊考点 当主语后有with，together with时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。He with his parents is going to visit the Great Wall next week.下星期他和父母要去参观长城。A good friend truly cares about me.【知识点详解 】truly:(adv)真正；确实(修饰v/adj) 相当于reallyHe is truly happy.I truly want to go home.true:(adj)真实的；符合事实的This is a true story.truth:(n)事实；实情Could you tell me the truth?辨析：true,truly,real,reallytrue:(adj)（指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符合）真实的truly：是true的adv.real:(指人或物客观存在，而不是想象或幻觉的东西)真的really：是real的adv. 真正地；确实 That is a real dog,not a toy.He isn’t really interested in fishing.Who’s more hard-working at school？在学校谁比较勤奋？【知识点详解 】 hard working形容词“工作努力的；辛勤的；勤劳的”，做表语或定语。其比较级加more，最高级加most。他们是勤奋的孩子。 They are hard-working children. 他是一个勤奋的学生。 He is a hard- working student. 考点拓展 work hard努力工作、学习，hard work艰苦的工作中考链接 Emma always gets good grades in different exams because she is a ___D___ girl.A. shy B. friendly C. polite D. hard-workingI think she sang more clearly than Nelly.我认为她唱歌（吐字）要比内莉更加清晰。【知识点详解 】clearly副词“清楚地；清晰地；明白地”，修饰动词。其形容词是clear（清楚的；明显的）。more clearly是clearly的比较级。请你说得再清楚些。我们听不见。Please speak more clearly；we can’t hear you. 考点拓展 形容词变副词一般在词尾加-ly；以y结尾的形容词一般把y改为i，再加-ly；多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-1y，少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。quick-quickly quiet-quietly happy-happily polite-politely true-truly中考链接 I can’t hear the teacher ___A___ with so much noise outside.clearly B. slowly C. warmly D. bravelyDid you like the singing competition yesterday?【知识点详解 】competition 对应的动词为compete，其意思为“竞争”。compete with... 和……竞争。e.g. Everyone in modern society faces keen competition.现代社会的每个人都面临着激烈的竞争。He won the first in the swimming competition.他在游泳比赛中赢得第一。The students should learn to compete with each other.学生们应该学会彼此竞争。二、单元语法讲解形容词/副词的比较级多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。原级：即形容词或副词的原形。原级前可用very，quite，too等副词修饰。I’m very hungry. My sister runs quite fast.①表示两者在某一方面相同：as + adj./adv.原形 + as This dress is as beautiful as that one.Linda sings as well as Amy.②表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时 ：not as / so + adj./adv.原形+ asTom isn’t as/so tall as me.I don’t sing as/so loudly as my sister.比较级1.定义比较级：两者进行比较, 表示“一方比另一方更……”2. 形容词或副词比较级的构成：+er/more （1）规则变化注意：shy---shyer （2）不规则变化good /well---better bad/badly---worsemany/much---more little---lessold---older/elder far---farther/further比较级的常用句型结构（1）“A + be + adj.比较级+ than + B”“A +实义动词+ adv.比较级+ than + B”；意为“A 比 B 更……”。Mark is more outgoing than Tony. I did worse in the exam than Sally. （2）“A+ is + the +adj.比较级+ of the two（+复数n）”；意为“A是两者中较......的” Tom is the taller of of the two (boys).（3）“比较级+ and +比较级”或“more and more +原级（多音节或部分双音节词）”；意为“越来越......”。 Our life is getting better and better. The flowers are more and more beautiful.（4）“ the +比较级, the +比较级” ；意为：“越……，就越……” The more you eat, the fatter you will be.特殊疑问词+be +adj.比较级，A or B?特殊疑问词+实义动词+adv.比较级，A or B?Which is bigger, the moon or the sun?Who sings better, Linda or Mary?表示两者（人或事物）的比较。在含有“比较级+ than”的句型中，当than 前后所使用的动词相同时通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词也可以省略。 Dean is taller than Mike（is）. 迪安比迈克高。He works much harder than I （do）. 他比我工作努力得多。特别提醒使用比较级时比较的对象必须一致。有时为了避免重复，可以用that 或those 代替前面出现过的词，以避免重复。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai in winter. 在冬季，北京的天气比上海的天气更冷。4. 常见的比较级修饰词（1）much/a lot/far +比较级 “……得多” Lily is much smarter than before.（2）a little/a bit+比较级 “稍微……” Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow?（3）even+比较级 “甚至……”The book is even more useful than that one.三、单元写作话题分析本单元的话题是谈论人物的个性特征。写此类短文时, 要抓住所比较的人物的特点, 从外貌特征、个性特点等方面来描述。写作方法“概—说—论”法写“人物比较类”作文1. 概: 开门见山, 总体介绍人物关系; 2. 说: 从外表、性格、喜好、言行等方面详细比较人物; 3. 论: 评论人物关系和状态, 客观分析人物关系之间的影响。写作素材※ 开头句①My best friend is Li Yun./Li Yun is my best friend. ②My friends and I have a lot in common，but we still have some differences.③As the saying goes，“You don't need a lot of friends as long as they're good.”※ 中间句①She often wears a pink shirt and blue trousers.②I think she is very kind-hearted.③She is outgoing and always makes people around her happy and relaxed.④Both of us like to make new friends and we also love to help other people.※ 结尾句①Even though we have differences，we are still very good friends.②I feel happy to have such a good friend.③I hope our friendship will last forever.【谚语积累】1．A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。2．A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。写作在线古往今来，朋友一直是人们生活中的重要组成部分，吟诵友情的佳作更是不胜枚举。那么，你的生活中又有多少个好朋友呢？他们在你的生活中扮演着什么样的角色呢？请你以“My Best Friend”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍一下你最好的朋友。提示：1．她/他的外貌；2．她/他的性格；3．她/他的品质。要求：1．语句通顺，意思连贯；2．不少于80词。◆◆审题指导1．文体：记叙文；2．时态：以一般现在时为主；3．文章结构：描述人物特征—成为好朋友的原因—说明感受；4．注意人物对比时使用比较级结构。◆◆思路点拨◆◆组句成篇My Best FriendMy best friend is Li Yun.I am thirteen years old，and she is the same age as me.She is as tall as me.She has long hair.She often wears a pink shirt and blue trousers.She is the monitor of our class.She does well in English.I think she is very kind-hearted.She often helps me with my English learning.Also，she helps other classmates.As the saying goes，“You don't need a lot of friends as long as they're good.” Li Yun is my best friend.I like to stay with her，because she is outgoing and always makes people around her happy and relaxed.I feel happy to have such a good friend.I hope our friendship will last forever.both常放于系动词、助动词和情态动词之后，实义动词之前They both want to go to the movies. 他们两个都想去看电影Linda and Lucy are both good at playing the piano.琳达和露西都擅长弹钢琴We should both go to visit our grandma.我们两个都应该去看望我们的奶奶both作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式，在这个用法中，both常与介词of连用，构成“both of...”结构Both of us like watching the talent show.我们两个都喜欢看才艺表演。both..and..意为“两者都”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式Both my father and my mother are English teachers.我爸爸和我妈妈都是英语老师。单词用法反义词both两者都...。both与复数名词连用，但both...and..可与单数名词连用neither两者都不all三者或三者以上。all修饰或指代可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数，all修饰或指代不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数none三者或三者以上都不肯定的陈述部分+否定的反意疑问部分The students enjoy playing football, don’t they? 这些学生很喜欢踢足球，是不是? 否定的陈述部分+肯定的反意疑问部分You didn’t go, did you? 你没去，是吗？单词用法例句aloud意思是“出声地、高声地”，强调能让人听得见。Read aloud so that we can all hear you.大点儿声读,以便我们都能听见你。loud意思是“大声地、高声地、响亮地”，强调声音响亮，常与动词speak, talk, say, laugh 等连用。Don’t talk so loud. 讲话声音不要这么大。loudly意思是“高声地”，有时可与loud通用，但含有“喧闹”的意味。Someone knocked loudly at the door.有人在大声敲门as+形容词/副词的原级+as..两者在某一方面相同或相等Mary works as carefully as Linda. Mary工作和Linda一样细心。not as/so...as...不想...一样...Spring isn’t as/so cold as winter. 春天不像冬天那么冷。as much/ many+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as...可表示数量win及物动词意为“赢得”，宾语是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词不及物动词意为“获胜”beat及物动词意为“击败”，宾语是比赛或竞争的对手，即指人或团队的名词或代词不及物动词意为“（风雨等）拍打，（心脏）跳动”例：We beat them and won the match. 我么打败了他们，赢得了比赛词性短语名词take care小心；当心take care of / look after照料；照顾动词care about关心；在意care for 非常喜欢；照料(1)the same as和……相同，反义词组为be different from(和……不同)。Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。 (2)the same to意为＂对……来说是一样的，对……没有什么不同＂，后面常接表示人的名词或代词。the same 前面可用 quite 修饰，但不能用 very 修饰。It’s the same to Mike. 这对迈克来说是一样的。The two paintings are quite the same. 这两幅画完全一样。reach＋地点I reached Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。 get to＋地点I got to Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。arrive in＋大地点at＋小地点I arrived in Beijing last night. 我昨晚到达北京。I arrived at Beijing Airport last night. 我昨晚到达北京机场。hard-working形容词，意为“工作努力的；辛勤的”。work hard动词短语，意为“努力学习；努力工作”，hard 是副词，意为“努力地”，修饰动词work。hard work名词短语，意为“辛苦的工作”，hard 是形容词，意为“困难的；辛苦的”，修饰不可数名词work。变化规则例词1.一般的词尾+ercold---colder tall---taller2.以不发音字母e结尾的词, 在词尾+r nice---nicer3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，要双写词尾辅音字符再+erbig---bigger thin---thinnerhot---hotter4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再+erearly---earlier busy---busiereasy---easier heavy---heavier5.多音节词或部分双音节词，在前面+moreoutgoing---more outgoingdifficult---more difficult6.动词加-ing或-ed 词缀的形容词，在前面加moreinteresting---more interestingbored---more bored7.由形容词+ly构成的副词，在前面加上morehappily---more happily