[英语]山东省日照市校际联合考试2024-2025学年高二上学期开学试题(解析版)

这是一份[英语]山东省日照市校际联合考试2024-2025学年高二上学期开学试题(解析版)，共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B．65，5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What des the wman suggest buying?
A．Milk. B．Ice cream. C．Fruits.
2．What is the weather like nw?
A．Windy. B．Rainy. C．Sunny.
3．Why is the man unable t mve t the city center?
A．He is ut f wrk. B．He is lacking in mney. C．He hates heavy traffic.
4．Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A．In a schl. B．In a bkstre. C．In a ty stre.
5．Hw many pints des an “A” require?
A．60. B．65. C．70.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What are the speakers lking fr?
A．The twn center. B．The muntain tp. C．The surce f the river.
7．What are the speakers ging t d next?
A．G back. B．Take a break. C．Swim in the river.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A．A vacatin. B．A prmtin. C．An interview.
9．What is Gin wrried abut?
A．He has n time fr vacatin.
B．He desn’t save much mney.
C．He is nt gd enugh fr the psitin.
10．What des Ms. Rbertsn think f Gin?
A．Capable. B．Hnest. C．Friendly.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Hw did the wman knw Dave?
A．They jined the same club.
B．They studied at the same schl.
C．They wrked at the same theater.
12．Why are the speakers prud f Dave?
A．He is brave t g after his dreams.
B．He is gd at writing plays.
C．He plays the biggest part.
13．When will the speakers prbably see the play?
A．On Wednesday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A．Father and daughter. B．Prfessr and student. C．Authr and reader.
15．What des Michael plan t write abut Martin Amis’ wrks?
A．The rle f mney. B．Family relatinships. C．Scial prblems.
16．Which perid des Martin Ami s belng t?
A．The mdern perid. B．The Rmantic perid. C．The Victrian perid.
17．Why des Michael chse Martin Amis’ bks?
A．They’re mre classical.
B．They have deeper meanings.
C．They’re mre cnnected with him.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What’s the purpse f the test?
A．T let students think abut their future jbs.
B．T help students chse high schls.
C．T make students study harder.
19．Hw will the students take the test?
A．By speaking with the teacher.
B．By writing an exam paper.
C．By using a cmputer.
20．What des the speaker remind the students t d?
A．Check the results in time.
B．Ask their teachers fr advice.
C．Give hnest answers t the questins.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
We partner with destinatins fr cleanups and cnservatin effrts. Our expert’s pick f the best chices will help yu turn beach dreams int beach days.
Steephill Cve
This traditinal fishing cve will make yu feel like yu’ve gne back in time, with its brightly painted beach huts and ld fisherman’s cttages, lbster pts (捕虾篓) and cheery, clrful deck chairs. There is a beach cafe t the back f Steephill Cve, which serves ht and cld refreshments and fd, and there are als restaurants serving lcally caught seafd during the seasn.
Sandwd Bay
Lcated in the very nrth f Sctland, this beach is cnsidered t be ne f the mst untuched in mainland Britain. Unreachable by car, the wild and wnderful beach is accessed by a ppular and fairly flat 4-mile-lng path frm the nearest car park, which adds a sense f remteness t this charming place.
Nanjizal Beach
Due t its mre distant lcatin, amazing Nanjizal Beach is usually very quiet, apart frm thse walkers wh have made the hike n the castal path frm either Prthgwarra, Lands End r Sennen Cve. There are many caves t discver and the ruins f an ld watermill, t.
Bamburgh Beach
At any time f year, Bamburgh Beach is ne f the mst dramatic in the UK, thanks t the impressive castle lcated n a nearby hill that verlks the skyline. Bamburgh als has sme f the best waves in the UK, which makes it perfect fr bdy barders. Even if that’s nt yur thing, simply watching frm the shre can be a thrilling experience.
1. What is special abut Steephill Cve?
A. It shwcases its riginal charm.B. It has mdern buildings.
C. It allws visitrs t catch seafd.D. It is hme t different cafes.
2. Hw can visitrs get t Sandwd Bay?
A. By car.B. On ft.C. By plane.D. By ship.
3. Which f the fllwing favrs the surfers?
A. Steephill Cve.B. Sandwd Bay.C. Nanjizal Beach.D. Bamburgh Beach.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个海滩的情况和特色。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“This traditinal fishing cve will make yu feel like yu’ve gne back in time, with its brightly painted beach huts and ld fisherman’s cttages, lbster pts and cheery, clrful deck chairs.(这个传统的捕鱼湾会让你感觉自己回到了过去，那里有色彩鲜艳的海滩小屋和老渔民的小屋，捕虾篓和欢快的彩色甲板椅子)”可知，斯特菲尔湾的特别之处在于展现了它的原始魅力。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Unreachable by car, the wild and wnderful beach is accessed by a ppular and fairly flat 4-mile-lng path frm the nearest car park, which adds a sense f remteness t this charming place.(开车无法到达，从最近的停车场出发，有一条很受欢迎的、相当平坦的4英里长的小路可以到达这个野生而美妙的海滩，这为这个迷人的地方增添了一种遥远的感觉)”可知，游客可以步行前往桑德伍德湾。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Bamburgh als has sme f the best waves in the UK, which makes it perfect fr bdy barders.(在英国，班堡也有一些最好的海浪，这对于身体滑板者来说是完美的)”可知，冲浪者可以选择班堡海滩。故选D。
B
After vercming a severe strke (中风) at just 22 mnths ld, a yung wman is taking t the Internet t shw peple hw she lives with nly ne wrking hand and inspire ther strke and injury survivrs t becme mre independent.
Chiara Beer, 27, wh lives in Winchester, suffered a strke as a baby which left her with lasting effects and a lifelng disability. She nw lives with right-sided hemiplegia (偏瘫) — a cnditin that results in weakness and lack f mvement in ne side f the bdy.
Grwing up with this disability, as she gt lder, Chiara realized there was a huge lack f resurces and infrmatin fr yung strke survivrs n the Internet and it was unable t find anyne else wh was experiencing the similar things n her, s she decided t start sharing sme relevant cntent n scial media.
The determined 27-year-ld began psting vides, sharing mre abut her wn stry f strke survival and shwing her fllwers varius aspects f her day-t-day life, living with nly ne wrking arm, fr example, hw she drives using a specially adapted car and hw technlgy helps her t read and write, ther things like tying her hair with ne hand, ding up the buttn n her jeans r applying her make-up.
She received a huge utpuring f lve and supprt frm her viewers, including messages f lve frm ther strke survivrs and peple wh suffer frm ther similar disabilities, thanking her fr shwing them sme hacks and tricks n hw t becme a little mre independent.
Chiara admitted that she lves knwing that she is able t ffer supprt t ther yung strke survivrs, saying, “It makes me feel happy that I can help s many peple.” She added, “I want t help raise awareness abut yung peple having strkes and als I want t help yung peple t find a way t be able t be independent. As fr me, this has always been my main gal: t be independent.”
4. What is the after-effect f Chiara’s strke?
A. Unable t drive a car.B. Unable t use his hands.
C. Unable t mve his bdy freely.D. Unable t cmmunicate with thers.
5. What can we infer frm Paragraph 3?
A. The disabled are willing t share their life skills.
B. Strke survivrs face many challenges in their daily life.
C. There was much infrmatin abut strke treatment nline.
D. Yung strke survivrs had little guidance t turn t nline.
6. Why were ther strke survivrs grateful t Chiara?
A. Her stry led them t have faith in life.
B. She taught them t cure their disabilities.
C. Her experience inspired them t live n their wn.
D. She served as a rle mdel fr them t live ambitiusly.
7. What can we learn frm Chiara’s stry?
A. Rses given, fragrance in hand.B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way.D. Cnstant dripping wears away a stne.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了一位年轻女性Chiara Beer在经历中风后如何通过网络分享自己的生活，以此激励其他中风和受伤幸存者变得更加独立的事迹。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Chiara Beer, 27, wh lives in Winchester, suffered a strke as a baby which left her with lasting effects and a lifelng disability. She nw lives with right-sided hemiplegia (偏瘫) — a cnditin that results in weakness and lack f mvement in ne side f the bdy.(27岁的Chiara Beer住在温彻斯特，她在婴儿时期曾中风，这给她留下了持久的影响和终身残疾。她现在患有右侧偏瘫，这是一种导致身体一侧虚弱和缺乏活动的疾病)”可知，Chiara中风的后遗症是不能自由活动他的身体。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Grwing up with this disability, as she gt lder, Chiara realized there was a huge lack f resurces and infrmatin fr yung strke survivrs n the Internet and it was unable t find anyne else wh was experiencing the similar things n her, s she decided t start sharing sme relevant cntent n scial media.(随着年龄的增长，Chiara意识到互联网上非常缺乏针对年轻中风幸存者的资源和信息，而且找不到任何和她有类似经历的人，所以她决定开始在社交媒体上分享一些相关的内容)”可知，从本段可推出年轻的中风幸存者在网上几乎找不到什么指导。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She received a huge utpuring f lve and supprt frm her viewers, including messages f lve frm ther strke survivrs and peple wh suffer frm ther similar disabilities, thanking her fr shwing them sme hacks and tricks n hw t becme a little mre independent.(她从观众那里得到了大量的爱和支持，包括其他中风幸存者和患有其他类似残疾的人的爱的信息，感谢她向他们展示了一些如何变得更加独立的技巧和技巧)”可知，Chiara的经历激励他们独立生活，所以其他中风幸存者感激她。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“After vercming a severe strke (中风) at just 22 mnths ld, a yung wman is taking t the Internet t shw peple hw she lives with nly ne wrking hand and inspire ther strke and injury survivrs t becme mre independent.(一位年轻女性在仅22个月大时便克服了一场严重的中风，如今她正通过网络向人们展示如何用一只健全的手生活，并激励其他中风和伤残幸存者变得更加独立)”以及通读全文可知，本文讲述了Chiara通过自己的努力和毅力克服了中风带来的困难，并帮助其他人变得更加独立，体现了“有志者事竟成”的精神。故选C项。
C
Emergency Mask Pd (面罩舱) is a plastic, 3D-printed and ftball-shaped case that cntains a mask that prtects the lungs f smene trapped in a fire until they were rescued. Alexis gt the idea fr the Emergency Mask Pd after hearing that a mther had thrwn her baby ut f the secnd flr windw f their smke-filled apartment during a fire in the building. The family was trapped in their apartment by the smke.
Alexis wndered whether there was a means fr peple waiting utside, such as neighbrs and first respnders, t deliver smke masks t peple trapped in the secnd flrs f burning buildings. Her research shwed that there was n such delivery system, s Alexis set abut t invent ne.
First, she fund a small, lightweight smke mask. The next step was t develp a way t launch r thrw the mask up int an pen secnd-stry windw. Alexis built several different pds, which were tested by lcal firefighters. Each pd was cast int a secnd stry windw mre than 290 times by a ttal f 37 firefighters. The ftball-shaped pd, which Alexis printed n her MakerBt 3D printer, was the clear winner, with an accuracy rate f ver 70 percent.
The firefighters testing the Emergency Mask Pd tld her that it is needed by firefighters arriving at the scene f a fire. They tld Alexis that when they find peple trapped inside, they wish they culd give them sme frm f relief s they can breathe safely while firefighters try t reach them. A smke delivery system culd be used t prvide that relief.
The Emergency Mask Pd requires n special equipment, training, r permits; peple at the scene f a fire culd help fire victims (受害者) trapped inside smky rms withut hesitatin. EMTs, plice fficers, and firefighters culd keep the mask and EM Pd in their vehicles and apartment cmplexes culd stre them in apprachable places like cmmunity centers. The mask culd easily be retrieved by victims and put n, giving them precius time fr firefighters t rescue them and ptentially saving hundreds r thusands f lives.
8. Why is the Emergency Mask Pd invented?
A. T imprve the design f smke masks.
B. T prvide a way t deliver smke masks.
C. T help firefighters practice thrwing skills.
D. T prtect first respnders’ eyes frm smke.
9. Hw did Alexis test the effectiveness f different pds?
A. By burning them in the lcal fire departments.
B. By studying different materials fr making pds.
C. By ding a survey f peple trapped in a fire befre.
D. By having firefighters thrw them int windws many times.
10. Which wrd is clsest in meaning t “retrieved” in the last paragraph?
A. Returned.B. Accessed.C. Relieved.D. Launched.
11. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Surviving the Flame: New Rescue Skills
B. Smke and Masks: The Future f Fire Safety
C. A Lifeline thrugh the Smke: The Mask Pd
D. Breaking thrugh Barriers: Firefighters’ Creatins
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种3D打印的足球形状的面罩舱，这种面罩舱能够通过一种方法被投射到火灾地点，从而帮助受灾群众赢得一些获救的时间和机会。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。第二段提到“Alexis wndered whether there was a means fr peple waiting utside, such as neighbrs and first respnders, t deliver smke masks t peple trapped in the secnd flrs f burning buildings. Her research shwed that there was n such delivery system, s Alexis set abut t invent ne.”（亚历克西斯想知道，是否有办法让等待在外面的人，比如邻居和急救人员，给被困在燃烧建筑物二楼的人送去防烟口罩。她的研究表明，没有这样的输送系统，所以亚历克西斯着手发明一个。）可知，亚力克西斯的研究发现，虽然有防烟口罩，但是没有这样的输送系统，这样也影响了火灾救援的效果，因此她想要发明一种方式来运送这种防烟口罩。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。第三段第三、四句提到“Alexis built several different pds, which were tested by lcal firefighters. Each pd was cast int a secnd stry windw mre than 290 times by a ttal f 37 firefighters.”（亚历克西斯建造了几个不同的吊舱，由当地消防员进行了测试。每个吊舱被37名消防员扔进二楼窗户290多次。）由此判断，亚力克西斯是通过让消防员扔来测试其有效性的。故选D。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段 “ victims and put n, giving them precius time fr firefighters t rescue them and ptentially saving hundreds r thusands f lives.”（可以很容易地被受害者并戴上，为消防员拯救他们提供了宝贵的时间，并可能挽救数百或数千人的生命。）可知，这种面具如果要能很快地被受害者戴上的话，一定要能够方便受害者得到，这样才能为消防员的解救争取时间，retrieved在此处的意思是“取回”，与“accessed”（接近；获取）意思最接近。A. Returned.归还；B. Accessed.接近；获取；C. Relieved.缓解；减轻；D. Launched.发射。B项与划线词意思最为接近。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段通过一个让人痛心的事情引出亚克力西斯对于emergency mask pd的想法，包括如何更加有效地投放面罩，其中最后一段提出“The mask culd easily be retrieved by victims and put n, giving them precius time fr firefighters t rescue them and ptentially saving hundreds r thusands f lives.”（这种面具可以很容易地被受害者收回并戴上，为消防员拯救他们提供了宝贵的时间，并可能挽救数百或数千人的生命。）可知，文章主要介绍了Emergency Mask Pd的发明及其在火灾中的重要作用，C项“A Lifeline thrugh the Smke: The Mask Pd”（穿越烟雾的生命线：面罩舱）符合文意。故选C。
D
Whale cnservatinist Ted Cheeseman admits that the huge animals dn’t patiently pse fr phts. T help peple feel a clser cnnect in t each whale, Mr Cheeseman’s research cmpany, Happy Whale, allws users t uplad their phts nt its website. Happy Whale’s artificial intelligence (AI) sftware will then quickly search thrugh its database f mre than 70,000 different whales with the aim f telling yu the exact animal that yu were lking at.
It can tell yu the whale’s name, if it has already been given ne, r invite yu t chse ne. And if the whale is ne that has been previusly recrded it will shw yu a map f everywhere that it has been sighted. The Al wrks by using adapted human facial recgnitin sftware t identify each whale’s uniquely shaped, clred r marked tail.
Oregn-based Happy Whale uses all the data it gets frm upladed phts t help it track whale numbers and mvements. It is an example f a grwing trend-cnservatin grups attempting t use Al t enable members f the public t identify animals r birds. And in return the rganizatins get a hst f crwdsurced data.
The Merlin Bird ID app allws users t find ut what species f bird they are lking at r hearing. Merlin Bird users are encuraged t enter their lcatin, and the size, clr and behavir f the bird. This data is then added t the Macaulay Library, and scientists can use it t help them map bird ppulatins, ranges and migratry patterns, and understand hw they have changed. “Bird ppulatins have been declining all ver the wrld, but in the last 50 years, we’ve lst three billin birds in the US and Canada alne,” adds Ms Smith. “This is the first time we’ve been able t shw this in real time.”
“I believe any resurce that helps birdwatchers learn mre is psitive, because that knwledge and enjyment spark interest in cnservatin,” Wayne Klckner says. “Peple prtect what they lve and care abut. If the applicatin f AI cntributes t that, birds will likely be better ff.”
12. What can Happy Whale’s AI prvide fr its users?
A. The grwth rate f whales.
B. The distributin map f whales.
C. The average time a whale rises t the surface.
D. The related infrmatin abut the specific whale.
13. What des the authr think f Happy Whale’s attempt?
A. A win-win cperatin.B. A duble-edged weapn.
C. A safe bet.D. An attempt in the air.
14. What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A. The lcatin f billins f birds.B. The decline in bird ppulatins.
C. The migratry pattern f birds.D. The range f birds in Nrth America.
15. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. AI makes peple care abut their pets.B. AI cntributes t birdwatchers’ better life.
C. AI helps t drive cnservatin effrts.D. AI is psitively applied t bird watching.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能程序可以允许用户将他们的照片上传到网站上，然后提供鲸鱼的信息，这可以有助于保护动物。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Happy Whale’s artificial intelligence (AI) sftware will then quickly search thrugh its database f mre than 70,000 different whales with the aim f telling yu the exact animal that yu were lking at.(然后，Happy Whale的人工智能（AI）软件将快速搜索数据库中超过7万种不同的鲸鱼，目的是告诉你所看到的确切动物)”可知，Happy Whale的AI能为用户提供关于特定鲸鱼的相关信息。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Oregn-based Happy Whale uses all the data it gets frm upladed phts t help it track whale numbers and mvements. It is an example f a grwing trend-cnservatin grups attempting t use Al t enable members f the public t identify animals r birds. And in return the rganizatins get a hst f crwdsurced data.(总部位于俄勒冈州的Happy Whale利用从上传的照片中获得的所有数据来追踪鲸鱼的数量和活动。这是一个日益增长的趋势的一个例子——保护组织试图利用人工智能使公众能够识别动物或鸟类。作为回报，这些组织得到了大量的众包数据)”可知，作者认为Happy Whale的尝试属于合作共赢。故选A。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Bird ppulatins have been declining all ver the wrld, but in the last 50 years, we’ve lst three billin birds in the US and Canada alne(全世界的鸟类数量一直在下降，但在过去的50年里，仅在美国和加拿大，我们就失去了30亿只鸟类)”以及上文“This is the first time we’ve been able t shw”可知，应用程序可以实时展示this（鸟类数量的减少）这一问题，故this指的是“鸟类数量的减少”。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““I believe any resurce that helps birdwatchers learn mre is psitive, because that knwledge and enjyment spark interest in cnservatin,” Wayne Klckner says. “Peple prtect what they lve and care abut. If the applicatin f AI cntributes t that, birds will likely be better ff.”(“我相信任何帮助观鸟者了解更多的资源都是积极的，因为知识和乐趣激发了对保护的兴趣，”韦恩·克洛克纳说。“人们会保护他们所爱和关心的东西。如果人工智能的应用有助于这一点，鸟类可能会过得更好。”)”可知，人工智能有助于推动保护工作。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have yu struggled t save up yur pcket mney r fund it hard nt t eat a whle packet f sweets in ne g? ____16____
Als knwn as “willpwer”, self-cntrl means making shrt-term sacrifices fr lng-term rewards. This culd be ging withut things yu want t buy nw t save up fr a future treat, r walking away frm an argument in case yu say smething hurtful. ____17____ It can be lw at times like when yu’re tired, hungry r stressed. Hwever, there are ways t tp it up.
____18____ Ding music practice every day means yu get better at playing an instrument. Getting up early fr sprts training will imprve yur skills and help yur team. Willpwer helps build healthy habits, like staying away frm screens befre bed s yu get better sleep. ____19____ It gives yu the pwer t make decisins based n what is best fr yu, nt because yu’re trying t fit in with thers. There are lts f studies that shw gd self-cntrl can help make us happier and healthier.
“It desn’t always feel like it, but we all have willpwer,” says scientist Eric Schulze. He explains that it’s like a muscle because the mre yu use it, the strnger it becmes. A gd way t strengthen self-cntrl is getting plenty f sleep and feeding yur brain with healthy fd. Fcus n small gals s yu dn’t use up all the energy in ne g. “As the day wears n that willpwer muscle shrinks (萎缩) and it’s harder t resist temptatin (诱惑),” Schulze says. ____20____ D smething that makes yu laugh as a gd md can verpwer a weak will.
A. Success cmes frm self-cntrl.
B. Willpwer is like a type f energy.
C. It can als help yu manage yur emtins.
D. It takes willpwer t resist the tw temptatins.
E. If s, yu’ll understand the pwer f self-cntrl.
F. Self-cntrl is a superpwer that can help yu achieve gals.
G. When this happens, exercising helps yu give energy t the brain.
【答案】16. E 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是意志力，意志力的特点以及如何培养意志力。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Have yu struggled t save up yur pcket mney r fund it hard nt t eat a whle packet f sweets in ne g?(你是否曾为攒零用钱而苦苦挣扎，或者发现自己很难一次不吃下一整包糖果？)”以及第二段“Als knwn as “willpwer”, self-cntrl means making shrt-term sacrifices fr lng-term rewards.(自我控制也被称为“意志力”，意味着为了长期的回报而做出短期的牺牲)”可知，后文提到了自我控制，推测本句是在引出后文关于自我控制的观点。故E选项“如果是这样，你就会明白自我控制的力量”符合语境，故选E。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Als knwn as “willpwer”, self-cntrl means making shrt-term sacrifices fr lng-term rewards. This culd be ging withut things yu want t buy nw t save up fr a future treat, r walking away frm an argument in case yu say smething hurtful.(自我控制也被称为“意志力”，意味着为了长期的回报而做出短期的牺牲。这可以是不买你现在想买的东西，为将来的享受攒钱，或者在争吵中走开，以防你说了伤人的话)”以及后文“It can be lw at times like when yu’re tired, hungry r stressed. Hwever, there are ways t tp it up.(当你累了、饿了或压力大的时候，它可能会很低。然而，有一些方法可以补充)”可知，上文提到了意志力的作用，后文提到了意志力很低的情况，说明本句是在说明意志力具有的特点。故B选项“意志力就像一种能量”符合语境，故选B。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Ding music practice every day means yu get better at playing an instrument. Getting up early fr sprts training will imprve yur skills and help yur team. Willpwer helps build healthy habits, like staying away frm screens befre bed s yu get better sleep.(每天做音乐练习意味着你在演奏乐器方面做得更好。早起进行运动训练可以提高你的技能，帮助你的球队。意志力有助于养成健康的习惯，比如睡前远离屏幕，这样你就能睡得更好)”可知，后文提到了意志力有助于养成健康的习惯，即实现目标方面的作用。故F选项“自我控制是一种超能力，可以帮助你实现目标”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据后文“It gives yu the pwer t make decisins based n what is best fr yu, nt because yu’re trying t fit in with thers. There are lts f studies that shw gd self-cntrl can help make us happier and healthier.(它让你有能力做出最适合自己的决定，而不是因为你试图与他人合得来。有很多研究表明，良好的自我控制可以帮助我们更快乐、更健康)”可知，后文提到了意志力可以帮助我们更快乐、更健康，即对情绪有控制能力。故C选项“它还能帮助你控制情绪”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文““It desn’t always feel like it, but we all have willpwer,” says scientist Eric Schulze. He explains that it’s like a muscle because the mre yu use it, the strnger it becmes. A gd way t strengthen self-cntrl is getting plenty f sleep and feeding yur brain with healthy fd. Fcus n small gals s yu dn’t use up all the energy in ne g. “As the day wears n that willpwer muscle shrinks (萎缩) and it’s harder t resist temptatin (诱惑),” Schulze says.(科学家埃里克·舒尔茨说：“并不总是感觉如此，但我们都有意志力。”他解释说，这就像肌肉一样，因为你使用得越多，它就变得越强壮。加强自我控制的一个好方法是获得充足的睡眠和用健康的食物喂养你的大脑。专注于小目标，这样你就不会一次耗尽所有的能量。舒尔茨说：“随着时间的流逝，意志力肌肉会萎缩，更难抵抗诱惑。”)”以及后文“D smething that makes yu laugh as a gd md can verpwer a weak will.(做一些能让你开怀大笑的事情，因为好心情可以战胜脆弱的意志)”可知，上文提到了时间流逝意志力萎缩的情况，推测本句对此提出建议，故G选项“当这种情况发生时，锻炼可以帮助你给大脑提供能量”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A heric attempt f a man, Oscar Rivera, risking his life t save neighbrs frm a burning hme is cheered by the whle cmmunity. The dramatic ____21____ recrded n vide ges viral within minutes.
Rivera was relaxing with his children in their backyard when he heard an enrmus sund and ____22____ actin. On reaching the frnt yard, he ____23____ that the neighbr’s huse was n fire and there were peple inside. A wman was trying t assist a man wh was ____24____ n the rf.
Despite the dangerus situatin, he kept calm and ____25____ a ladder (梯子) quickly and began ging up with the help f a fellw neighbr. “I just started jumping, jumping, jumping,” Rivera said. Nevertheless, ____26____ in nrushing thick smke and extreme heat that made it ____27____ fr him t advance any further, he managed t reach the tp flr. There he fund smebdy inside begging fr assistance. Withut ____28____ he pulled him ut thrugh ne f the windws. Peple ____29____ and cheered while Rivera safely brught dwn the victim.
Eyewitness Janeen Huth ____30____ this heart-stpping rescue n vide, praising Rivera’s selfless bravery which she nted had put him at ____31____. The victims were attended t ____32____ within minutes but their wunds culd have been ____33____ if it had nt been fr what Rivera did.
As residents reflect n this terrifying incident in their ____34____, they will always lk upn Rivera’s brave deed as an example f ____35____ amid hardship.
21. A. fireB. rescueC. changeD. escape
22. A. put ffB. called frC. fell inD. sprang int
23. A. spttedB. imaginedC. assumedD. believed
24. A. cnfusedB. relievedC. trappedD. bthered
25. A. selectB. seizedC. preparedD. built
26. A. blanketedB. fldedC. hiddenD. filled
27. A. necessaryB. unusualC. fantasticD. impssible
28. A. dubtB. enthusiasmC. hesitatinD. prtectin
29. A. clappedB. partedC. apprachedD. laughed
30. A. clickedB. pstedC. recrdedD. directed
31. A. easeB. riskC. attentinD. bay
32. A. separatelyB. mentallyC. equallyD. medically
33. A. wrseB. clerC. smallerD. clearer
34. A. apartmentB. hspitalC. cmmunityD. schl
35. A. successB. hpeC. wisdmD. peace
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Rivera在大火中救邻居，被Janeen Huth拍摄纪录的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：视频中记录的戏剧性救援在几分钟内迅速传播开来。 A. fire火灾；B. rescue救援；C. change改变；D. escape逃跑。由下文“this heart-stpping rescue n vide”可知，这里指视频记录下了“救援”事件。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：Rivera正和他的孩子们在后院放松，这时他听到一声巨大的声音，立刻采取了行动。 A. put ff推迟；B. called fr呼吁；C. fell in坍塌；D. sprang int突如其来地做。根据上文“when he heard an enrmus sund”可知，听到异响，Rivera“突如其来地”采取行动，去查看发生了什么事。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一到前院，他就看见邻居家着火了，里面有人。A. sptted看见；B. imagined想象中的；C. assumed假设；D. believed相信。由下文“the neighbr’s huse was n fire”可知，这里指Rivera“看到”了着火。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名妇女正试图帮助一名被困在屋顶上的男子。A. cnfused感到困惑；B. relieved缓解；C. trapped被困；D. bthered困扰。由上文“A wman was trying t assist a man”以及语境可知，这里指这男子“被困”在房顶了。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管情况很危险，他还是保持冷静，迅速抓住梯子，在邻居的帮助下开始往上爬。A. select挑选；B. seized抓住；C. prepared准备；D. built建造。由下文“a ladder quickly”以及语境可知，这里指Rivera一把“抓住”梯子就准备去救人。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是被滚滚浓烟和酷热笼罩着，使无法再前进了，但他还是设法到达了顶楼。A. blanketed覆盖，笼罩；B. flded折叠；C. hidden隐藏；D. filled填满。由下文“nrushing thick smke”可知，这里指Rivera被滚滚浓烟“笼罩”。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是被滚滚浓烟和酷热笼罩着，使无法再前进了，但他还是设法到达了顶楼。A. necessary必要的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. fantastic奇妙的；D. impssible不可能的。由上文“nrushing thick smke and extreme heat”可知，这里指滚滚浓烟和酷热让Rivera“不可能”前进。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他毫不犹豫地从一扇窗户把他拉了出来。A. dubt怀疑；B. enthusiasm热情；C. hesitatin犹豫；D. prtectin保护。由下文“he pulled him ut thrugh ne f the windws”以及语境可知，这里指情况紧急，Rivera毫不“犹豫”救了那男子。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Rivera安全地带下受害者时，人们鼓掌欢呼。A. clapped鼓掌；B. parted分开；C. apprached走进；D. laughed笑。由下文“while Rivera safely brught dwn the victim”可知，这里指人们为Rivera救下人而“鼓掌”欢呼。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：目击者Janeen Huth在视频中记录了这场令人心碎的救援，赞扬了Rivera无私的勇气，她指出这让他处于危险之中。A. clicked点击；B. psted发表；C. recrded记录；D. directed导演。由上文“recrded n vide”可知，这里指Janeen Huth“纪录”了这场救援。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：目击者Janeen Huth在视频中记录了这场令人心碎的救援，赞扬了Rivera无私的勇气，她指出这让他处于危险之中。A. ease自在；B. risk风险；C. attentin注意；D. bay海湾。由上文“Rivera’s selfless bravery”可知，这里指Rivera不顾自己安全救人的勇敢，这种做法也让他处于“风险”之中。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：受害者在几分钟内得到了医疗救治，但如果不是Rivera 的所作所为，他们的伤口可能会更严重。A. separately分开地；B. mentally精神地；C. equally同样地；D. medically医学上。由上文“The victims were attended t”以及语境可知，这里指受害者立即得到了“医疗上”的治疗。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受害者在几分钟内得到了医疗救治，但如果不是Rivera 的所作所为，他们的伤口可能会更严重。A. wrse更糟的；B. cler更酷的；C. smaller较小的；D. clearer更清晰的。由下文“if it had nt been fr what Rivera did”可知，这里指如果不是Rivera 的所作所为，受害者的伤口将“更糟的”。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当居民们反思他们社区的这一可怕事件时，他们将永远把Rivera的勇敢行为视为困难中希望的榜样。 A. apartment公寓；B. hspital医院；C. cmmunity社区；D. schl学校。由上文“is cheered by the whle cmmunity”可知，这里指该“社区”的居民。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当居民们反思他们社区的这一可怕事件时，他们将永远把Rivera的勇敢行为视为困难中希望的榜样。 A. success成功；B. hpe希望；C. wisdm智慧；D. peace和平。由下文“amid hardship”以及语境中可知，这里指在困难中看到“希望”。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据句意，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36. ______ (absrb) in reading, he didn’t even ntice that it began t rain utside.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Absrbed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他全神贯注地看书，甚至没有注意到外面开始下雨了。be absrbed in“全神贯注于”，此处使用形容作状语，首字母应大写。故填Absrbed。
37. Wrking ut in the mrning prvides ______ (additin) benefits beynd being physically fit. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】additinal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：早上锻炼除了身体健康还有额外的好处。修饰名词benefits应用形容词additinal，意为“额外的”作定语。故填additinal。
38. The traffic prblems have ______ (severe) affected ecnmic develpment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】severely
【详解】考查副词。句意：交通问题已经严重影响了经济发展。修饰动词affect应用副词severely，故填severely。
39. ______ is knwn t all, smking des harm t ur health. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，吸烟对我们的健康有害。引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，位于句首，应用as。首字母大写。故填As。
40. His writing is s cnfusing that I can’t make ut ______ he is trying t express. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他写得很混乱，我弄不明白他想表达什么。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指事情，需用what引导。故填what。
41. The by had the curage t make his dream ______ reality. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】a
【详解】考查冠词。句意：这个男孩有勇气使他的梦想成为现实。make reality是固定搭配，意为“使……成为现实”。故填a。
42. Yur ______ (duty) include typing letters and answering the telephne. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】duties
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：你的职责包括打字和接电话。此处为名词作主语，根据后文动词include为原形，可知主语为复数。故填duties。
43. Ryan had raised sme mney, with which a well ______ (build) near a primary schl. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was built
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：Ryan筹到了一些钱，用这些钱在一所小学附近打了一口井。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少谓语，从句中主语a well（一口井）为单数形式，且与build（建造；修建）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据had raised可知，该句陈述过去事实，因此需使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
44. Over time, this culd make the shark a danger t peple ______ (live) in the area. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】living
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的推移，这可能会使鲨鱼对生活在该地区的人们构成威胁。live和peple之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填living。
45. She gave me a bk with instructins ______ (help) me learn the language. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】t help
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她给了我一本书，里面有帮助我学习这门语言的说明。本句已有谓语动词gave，所以help用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作后置定语。故填t help。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，上周你参加了学校的“劳动实践周（labr week）”活动。请给你的美国好友Peter写一封信，内容包括：
(1)活动内容：
(2)你的收获和体会。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80左右：
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
I’m writing t share with yu my recent experience in a labur activity n a farm.
Last Saturday was May Day, when my class participated in the labr practice held in ur schl. At dawn, we cycled t the farm. On arrival, we were shwn arund by ur teacher and then assigned different tasks. Under the teacher’s patient instructins, we turned ver the sil, weeded, planted vegetables like tmates and eggplants and watered them.
The meaningful activity ffered us a chance t learn abut farming. Besides, thugh tired, I did feel the pleasure and value f labr.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was the fat kid in schl. I was als very shy, and sensitive and I had very bad asthma (哮喘) and ther health cnditins that made me miss mre schl than I shuld have. As such, I was smewhat f an utsider, seen as the strange fat kid wh gt time ff schl. I wasn’t very ppular and ften laughed at. Mst f the time, I hated schl. I felt anxius abut it smetimes. I just culdn’t seem t fit in and it always seemed t be an unfriendly envirnment. But then, thankfully, sme things started t change.
I’d just started my General Certificate f Secndary Educatin (GCSEs). These were the serius years in schl and there seemed t be a change in the atmsphere. Peple wanted t wrk tgether and were mre cmfrtable being themselves, which was als true fr me. I fund myself enjying the subjects f histry and science in particular and culd even make jkes with classmates. Peple were making mre f an effrt t include me. I was making mre f an effrt t — making sure my health didn’t hld me back and trying nt t be shy and engage and laugh things ff. Then a big event was cming up: the schl talent shw.
I wuldn’t have dared t take part in such a public thing befre, but a few kids in schl were encuraging me t take part. Rey, a kind girl in my science class said, “Hey, why dn’t we sing a duet (二重唱) tgether?”I culdn’t believe I was even thinking abut it but I had the perfect sng in mind. It was Tm Jnes’s hit — Burning Dwn the Huse. This fun sng was perfect and it wuld be funny, because Huse, is my family name. I mentined it t Rey and she said, “OK, we’re ding it!”
Well, I was in fr it nw. This wuld either help my ppularity r it wuld be the mst embarrassing experience f my life.
注意：
(1)续写词数应为120左右：
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Rey and I had practiced a lt and finally, the big day came.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After ur perfrmance, psitive cmments pured in.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Rey and I had practiced a lt and finally, the big day came. As the big day apprached, I culdn’t help but feel a mix f excitement and nerves. I knew that this was my chance t break ut f my shell and shw everyne that I was mre than just the fat kid wh missed a lt f schl. Finally, the day f the schl talent shw arrived, and with Rey by my side, I stepped nt the stage, ready t give it my all. The energy in the rm was electric, and I culd feel my cnfidence grwing with every passing mment. When ur perfrmance ended, the psitive cmments started puring in frm all sides.
After ur perfrmance, psitive cmments pured in. Peple I had never even talked t befre were cmplimenting me n my singing and telling me hw much they enjyed ur duet. It was an incredible feeling t be finally accepted and appreciated by my peers. The talent shw had been a turning pint fr me, and I knew that I had taken a big step twards becming the persn I always wanted t be.