外刊改编语法填空题Day 31-Day 32-2025届高三英语一轮复习

这是一份外刊改编语法填空题Day 31-Day 32-2025届高三英语一轮复习，共8页。
Frm: The Ecnmist
It was arund 7pm n June 2nd when a train travelling frm Klkata in West Bengal t Chennai, 1,700km dwn India’s east cast, smashed at full speed int a parked freight train in the state f Odisha, 250km suth f Klkata. The passenger train’s caches were derailed and cllided with the rear caches f anther train travelling in the ppsite directin.
The trains were carrying arund 2,000 peple, many f _____1_____ migrants frm West Bengal ff t seek wrk in the richer suth. At least 288 were killed and mre than 1,100 injured, many f them gravely.
The cause f the accident, the deadliest n India’s railways since 1999, when at least 290 peple died in a train _____2_____ (cllide) in West Bengal, was still unclear. An initial reprt pinted t a signal failure, _____3_____ experts suggested that wuld nt nrmally lead t such a calamity. The railways minister has hinted that equipment was tampered with and rdered a _____4_____(crime) prbe.
Ntwithstanding this disaster, rail travel is nt especially dangerus in India, where sme 20m peple take a train every day. Of the rughly 25,000 wh died in train-related accidents every year befre the pandemic (a number that had changed little in a decade), mst _____5_____(run) ver r fell frm trains. And the number f such serius incidents is decreasing. By cntrast, sme 300,000 peple are estimated t die n India’s rads each year.
Even s, the tragedy in Odisha is ptentially embarrassing fr the gvernment f Narendra Mdi, _____6_____(give) its great emphasis n develping India’s railways and rads. This year it plans t spend the equivalent f 1.7% f GDP n them, mre than fur times as much as India was spending a decade ag, and arund duble the prprtin spent by mst develped cuntries. Mr Mdi had been due t inaugurate a new high-speed Vande Bharat service the day after the disaster. Instead he visited the crash site, where he, t, prmised t find the culprit: “_____7_____ is fund guilty will be punished severely”.
Despite the railways’ reasnable safety recrd, the crash is likely t exacerbate claims that, in its push fr new tracks and faster trains, his gvernment is neglecting upgrades t existing tracks and equipment. Last year an audit f derailments by India’s cmptrller-general fund railway fficials had nt spent the budget set aside fr track repairs, even thugh it had declined. A special fund t pay fr safety imprvements was nt adequately replenished in any year between 2017 and 2022. Tw days after the crash in Odisha, a new bridge _____8_____(build) nw ver the Ganges in the nrthern state f Bihar cllapsed fr the secnd time in just ver a year, killing nbdy but casting dubt n the quality f flagship cnstructin prjects.
The gvernment denies that it is skimping n safety. It ntes that it has accelerated the eliminatin f dangerus level-crssings, particularly n lines _____9_____ trains travel at higher speeds, and begun the rll-ut f an anti-crash system n sme trains. _____10_____ the wake f the tragedy in Odisha, it vwed t install additinal security features n signalling equipment.
Indian railways have an impressive safety recrd
Frm: The Ecnmist
It was arund 7pm n June 2nd when a train travelling frm Klkata in West Bengal t Chennai, 1,700km dwn India’s east cast, smashed at full speed int a parked freight train in the state f Odisha, 250km suth f Klkata. The passenger train’s caches were derailed and cllided with the rear caches f anther train travelling in the ppsite directin.
The trains were carrying arund 2,000 peple, many f them migrants frm West Bengal ff t seek wrk in the richer suth. At least 288 were killed and mre than 1,100 injured, many f them gravely.
The cause f the accident, the deadliest n India’s railways since 1999, when at least 290 peple died in a train cllisin (cllide) in West Bengal, was still unclear. An initial reprt pinted t a signal failure, but experts suggested that wuld nt nrmally lead t such a calamity. The railways minister has hinted that equipment was tampered with and rdered a criminal (crime) prbe.
Ntwithstanding this disaster, rail travel is nt especially dangerus in India, where sme 20m peple take a train every day. Of the rughly 25,000 wh died in train-related accidents every year befre the pandemic (a number that had changed little in a decade), mst were run (run) ver r fell frm trains. And the number f such serius incidents is decreasing. By cntrast, sme 300,000 peple are estimated t die n India’s rads each year.
Even s, the tragedy in Odisha is ptentially embarrassing fr the gvernment f Narendra Mdi, given (give) its great emphasis n develping India’s railways and rads. This year it plans t spend the equivalent f 1.7% f GDP n them, mre than fur times as much as India was spending a decade ag, and arund duble the prprtin spent by mst develped cuntries. Mr Mdi had been due t inaugurate a new high-speed Vande Bharat service the day after the disaster. Instead he visited the crash site, where he, t, prmised t find the culprit: “Whever is fund guilty will be punished severely”.
Despite the railways’ reasnable safety recrd, the crash is likely t exacerbate claims that, in its push fr new tracks and faster trains, his gvernment is neglecting upgrades t existing tracks and equipment. Last year an audit f derailments by India’s cmptrller-general fund railway fficials had nt spent the budget set aside fr track repairs, even thugh it had declined. A special fund t pay fr safety imprvements was nt adequately replenished in any year between 2017 and 2022. Tw days after the crash in Odisha, a new bridge being built (build) nw ver the Ganges in the nrthern state f Bihar cllapsed fr the secnd time in just ver a year, killing nbdy but casting dubt n the quality f flagship cnstructin prjects.
The gvernment denies that it is skimping n safety. It ntes that it has accelerated the eliminatin f dangerus level-crssings, particularly n lines where trains travel at higher speeds, and begun the rll-ut f an anti-crash system n sme trains. In the wake f the tragedy in Odisha, it vwed t install additinal security features n signalling equipment.
印度铁路有着令人难忘的安全记录
6月2日晚上大约7点，一列从西孟加拉邦的加尔各答开往印度东海岸的金奈的列车以全速撞向在奥里萨邦停放的一列货车，距离加尔各答以南250公里。乘客列车的车厢脱轨并与另一列相向行驶的列车的尾车相撞。
这些列车上共载有约2000人，其中许多是来自西孟加拉邦的移民，前往更富裕的南方寻找工作。至少288人死亡，1100多人受伤，其中许多人伤势严重。
这起事故是自1999年以来印度铁路上造成的最严重的事故，当时至少有290人在西孟加拉邦的一次列车相撞事故中丧生。事故的原因尚不清楚。初步报告指出信号故障，但专家表示，这通常不会导致如此大的灾难。铁路部长暗示有人篡改了设备，并下令进行刑事调查。
尽管发生了这起灾难，但在印度，铁路旅行并不特别危险，每天约有2000万人乘坐火车。在大流行病爆发之前，每年有大约2.5万人死于与火车有关的事故（这个数字在过去十年中变化不大），其中大多数是被撞死或从火车上摔下来的。此类严重事故的数量正在减少。相比之下，据估计每年有大约30万人在印度的道路上丧生。
即便如此，奥里萨邦的这场悲剧可能会给纳伦德拉·莫迪政府带来尴尬，考虑到该政府非常重视发展印度的铁路和道路。今年，该政府计划在铁路和道路上的支出相当于国内生产总值的1.7%，是十年前的四倍多，也是大多数发达国家支出比例的两倍。莫迪原本计划在事故发生后的第二天为新的高速“Vande Bharat”服务举行开幕式。然而，他改变了计划，前往事故现场，他也承诺找到罪魁祸首：“无论找到的人是谁，都将受到严厉的惩罚”。
尽管铁路在安全方面有相对良好的记录，但这起事故可能加剧对莫迪政府的指责，认为在推动修建新轨道和更快列车的同时，忽视了对现有轨道和设备的升级。去年，印度审计长对脱轨事故进行的审计发现，铁路官员没有花费拨款用于轨道维修，尽管拨款额有所减少。为安全改进支付的专项资金在2017年至2022年间没有得到充分补充。在奥里萨邦发生碰撞事故的两天后，比哈尔邦北部正在建造的一座新桥第二次坍塌，一年多来未造成人员伤亡，但对旗舰建设项目质量产生了质疑。
政府否认节省安全经费。政府指出，他们加快了消除危险平交道的进程，特别是在列车以更高速度行驶的线路上，并开始在一些列车上推出防撞系统。在奥里萨邦的悲剧发生后，政府承诺在信号设备上安装额外的安全功能。
生词积累
smash
v.打碎，（使）粉碎；（使）猛击，（使）猛撞；
cllide
v.冲突，抵触；（迥异的事物）碰在一起；碰撞，相撞
gravely
adv.严重地；严肃地；严峻地；沉重地
deadly
adj.致命的；极度的
calamity
n.灾难，灾祸
tamper
v.做手脚，破坏
ntwithstanding
prep.虽然，尽管
adv.尽管如此
cnj.虽然，尽管
exacerbate
v.使恶化，使加剧
derailment
n.出轨，脱轨
skimp
vt.克扣；对……不够用心；舍不得给；少给
eliminatin
n.消除，排除
in the wake f
在之后：指在某个事件或情况之后紧接着发生或出现
原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day 32
Is China’s gaka the wrld’s tughest schl exam?
Frm: The Guardian
The gaka is emblematic f the Chinese educatin system as a whle. In the west, it is ften seen as mnlithic and rte; in China as tugh but fair. In Eurpe and America, there is the ntin that Chinese schls prduce autmatns incapable _____1______ critical thught; in China, many seem t think that western classrms are full f students standing n desks and _____2______(rip) up textbks, à la Dead Pets Sciety. Yet, where the Chinese mdel used t be rundly criticised fr rewarding rte learning, nw the system’s gruelling schedule and _____3______(suppse) high standards are increasingly admired verseas. Thmas Friedman, the New Yrk Times clumnist, has praised Shanghai’s schl system with at times absurd hyperble.
In China there are n illusins abut the system being perfect. The exam is widely criticised fr putting impssible pressures n children. Dissatisfactin with the gaka is ne reasn that, amng wealthier segments f the ppulatin, large numbers f students are chsing t study abrad. But, ultimately, mst peple supprt it, r at least see n alternative. “China has t many peple,” is _____4______ cmmn refrain, used t excuse everything frm urban traffic t rural pverty. Given the intense cmpetitin fr finite higher educatin resurces, the argument ges, there has t be sme way t separate the wheat frm the chaff, and t give hardwrking students frm prer backgrunds a chance t rise t the tp.
The traditin f a single exam that decides a yung persn’s prspects is ne _____5______ ges back t antiquity in China. The imperial examinatins r keju, which tested applicants fr gvernment ffice, was intrduced in the Han dynasty (206BC t AD220), and became the sle criterin fr selectin frm the 7th century until its ablitin in 1905. Aspiring bureaucrats sat a three-day exam _____6______(lck) inside a single cell, in which they als slept and ate. The “eight-legged essay” was the mst imprtant paper, an argument in eight sectins that elabrated n a theme while quting frm classics such as Cnfucius and Mencius. All applicants were checked fr hidden scrlls; writing qutes n underwear was a ppular frm f cheating until examiners cttned n. The pass rate was 1%. Nervus cllapses were rutine. There is even a ghst-deity assciated with exams in China: Zhng Kui, a schlar wh killed himself when he _____7______(deny) first place.
While nt a direct descendant, the gaka is generally cnsidered a distant relatin f the keju. The gaka is made up f fur three-hur papers: Chinese, English, maths and a chice f either sciences (bilgy, chemistry, physics) r humanities (gegraphy, histry, plitics). The questins are mstly multiple-chice r fill-in-the-gap, and are ______8_____ (ntrius) hard – the maths paper has been cmpared t university-level maths in the UK.
_____9______ is n surprise that, fr many students, the pressure heaped n them by parents, teachers and themselves, is verwhelming. It is pssible t retake the exam ne year later, but if a student cntinues t fail there is n safety net r alternative path t university. Suicides are a regular feature f every exam seasn; a 2014 study claimed that exam stress was a cntributing factr in 93% f cases in which schl students tk their wn lives. Last year, a middle schl in Hebei prvince fenced ff its upper-flr drmitry balcnies with grates, after tw students jumped t their deaths in the mnths leading up t the gaka. And the academic stress starts early – in July a 10-year-ld by tried t kill himself in ncming traffic after fighting with his mther abut hmewrk. But still the study mill grinds n.
In China, the gaka is smetimes described as a dumuqia, which translates as “single-lg bridge” – a difficult path that everyne has t walk. But sme have better shes than thers. Rich families lay n extra tutring fr their children in what Jiang Xueqin, a Canadian-Chinese educatin schlar, described as an “arms race” amng husehlds lking t increase their child’s chances. Prvinces with larger ppulatins have tugher standards f _____10_____ (enter) int the best universities, while thse that are sparsely ppulated set a lwer bar. (This lphle has led t illegal “gaka migrants” transferring t schls in Inner Mnglia just befre the exam.) Students in Beijing and Shanghai get special privileges – they are the beneficiaries f generus lcal qutas fr the best universities – despite being mre likely t be privileged anyway.
Is China’s gaka the wrld’s tughest schl exam?
Frm: The Guardian
The gaka is emblematic f the Chinese educatin system as a whle. In the west, it is ften seen as mnlithic and rte; in China as tugh but fair. In Eurpe and America, there is the ntin that Chinese schls prduce autmatns incapable f critical thught; in China, many seem t think that western classrms are full f students standing n desks and ripping (rip) up textbks, à la Dead Pets Sciety. Yet, where the Chinese mdel used t be rundly criticised fr rewarding rte learning, nw the system’s gruelling schedule and suppsed (suppse) high standards are increasingly admired verseas. Thmas Friedman, the New Yrk Times clumnist, has praised Shanghai’s schl system with at times absurd hyperble.
In China there are n illusins abut the system being perfect. The exam is widely criticised fr putting impssible pressures n children. Dissatisfactin with the gaka is ne reasn that, amng wealthier segments f the ppulatin, large numbers f students are chsing t study abrad. But, ultimately, mst peple supprt it, r at least see n alternative. “China has t many peple,” is a cmmn refrain, used t excuse everything frm urban traffic t rural pverty. Given the intense cmpetitin fr finite higher educatin resurces, the argument ges, there has t be sme way t separate the wheat frm the chaff, and t give hardwrking students frm prer backgrunds a chance t rise t the tp.
The traditin f a single exam that decides a yung persn’s prspects is ne that ges back t antiquity in China. The imperial examinatins r keju, which tested applicants fr gvernment ffice, was intrduced in the Han dynasty (206BC t AD220), and became the sle criterin fr selectin frm the 7th century until its ablitin in 1905. Aspiring bureaucrats sat a three-day exam lcked (lck) inside a single cell, in which they als slept and ate. The “eight-legged essay” was the mst imprtant paper, an argument in eight sectins that elabrated n a theme while quting frm classics such as Cnfucius and Mencius. All applicants were checked fr hidden scrlls; writing qutes n underwear was a ppular frm f cheating until examiners cttned n. The pass rate was 1%. Nervus cllapses were rutine. There is even a ghst-deity assciated with exams in China: Zhng Kui, a schlar wh killed himself when he was denied (deny) first place.
While nt a direct descendant, the gaka is generally cnsidered a distant relatin f the keju. The gaka is made up f fur three-hur papers: Chinese, English, maths and a chice f either sciences (bilgy, chemistry, physics) r humanities (gegraphy, histry, plitics). The questins are mstly multiple-chice r fill-in-the-gap, and are nrtriusly (ntrius) hard – the maths paper has been cmpared t university-level maths in the UK.
It is n surprise that, fr many students, the pressure heaped n them by parents, teachers and themselves, is verwhelming. It is pssible t retake the exam ne year later, but if a student cntinues t fail there is n safety net r alternative path t university. Suicides are a regular feature f every exam seasn; a 2014 study claimed that exam stress was a cntributing factr in 93% f cases in which schl students tk their wn lives. Last year, a middle schl in Hebei prvince fenced ff its upper-flr drmitry balcnies with grates, after tw students jumped t their deaths in the mnths leading up t the gaka. And the academic stress starts early – in July a 10-year-ld by tried t kill himself in ncming traffic after fighting with his mther abut hmewrk. But still the study mill grinds n.
In China, the gaka is smetimes described as a dumuqia, which translates as “single-lg bridge” – a difficult path that everyne has t walk. But sme have better shes than thers. Rich families lay n extra tutring fr their children in what Jiang Xueqin, a Canadian-Chinese educatin schlar, described as an “arms race” amng husehlds lking t increase their child’s chances. Prvinces with larger ppulatins have tugher standards f entry (enter) int the best universities, while thse that are sparsely ppulated set a lwer bar. (This lphle has led t illegal “gaka migrants” transferring t schls in Inner Mnglia just befre the exam.) Students in Beijing and Shanghai get special privileges – they are the beneficiaries f generus lcal qutas fr the best universities – despite being mre likely t be privileged anyway.
中国的高考是世界上最难的学校考试吗？
高考是整个中国教育体系的象征。在西方，它经常被视为铁板一块、死记硬背；在中国，这是艰难但公平的。在欧洲和美国，有一种观念认为，中国的学校产生了无法批判性思维的机器人；在中国，许多人似乎认为西方的教室里挤满了站在桌子上撕毁课本的学生，就像死亡诗社一样。然而，在中国模式过去因奖励死记硬背而受到严厉批评的地方，现在该系统令人疲惫的时间表和所谓的高标准在海外越来越受到钦佩。《纽约时报》专栏作家托马斯·弗里德曼（Thmas Friedman）有时用荒谬的夸张来赞扬上海的学校制度。
在中国，人们对这个体系的完善不抱任何幻想。这次考试因给孩子们带来不可能的压力而受到广泛批评。对高考的不满是在富裕人群中，大量学生选择出国留学的原因之一。但最终，大多数人支持它，或者至少看不到其他选择。“中国人太多了，”这是一句常见的口头禅，用来为从城市交通到农村贫困的一切开脱。有观点认为，鉴于对有限高等教育资源的激烈竞争，必须有某种方法来区分小麦和谷壳，并给来自贫困背景的勤奋学生一个晋升的机会。
决定年轻人前途的单一考试的传统在中国可以追溯到古代。科举考试或科举考试是在汉代（公元前206年至公元220年）引入的，从7世纪到1905年被废除，科举考试成为唯一的选拔标准。雄心勃勃的官僚们在一间牢房里参加了为期三天的考试，他们也在牢房里睡觉和吃饭。“八条腿的文章”是最重要的论文，分八节论述一个主题，同时引用孔子和孟子等经典。所有申请者都接受了隐藏卷轴的检查；在内衣上写引号是一种很流行的作弊方式，直到考官意识到了这一点。通过率为1%。神经衰弱是家常便饭。在中国，甚至还有一个与考试有关的鬼神：钟馗，一个在被剥夺第一名时自杀的学者。
虽然不是直系后裔，但高考通常被认为是科举的远亲。高考由四篇三小时的试卷组成：语文、英语、数学，以及科学（生物、化学、物理）或人文（地理、历史、政治）。这些问题大多是多项选择题或填空题，而且难度众所周知——数学试卷被比作英国大学水平的数学。
毫不奇怪，对许多学生来说，家长、老师和他们自己给他们施加的压力是巨大的。一年后重新参加考试是可能的，但如果学生继续不及格，就没有安全网或其他上大学的途径。自杀是每个考试季的常见特征；2014年的一项研究声称，在93%的学生自杀的案例中，考试压力是一个促成因素。去年，在高考前的几个月里，两名学生跳楼身亡，河北省一所中学用格栅将宿舍楼上的阳台围了起来。学业压力很早就开始了——7月，一名10岁的男孩因家庭作业问题与母亲发生争执，试图在迎面而来的车流中自杀。但学习工厂仍在继续。
在中国，高考有时被描述为独木桥，翻译过来就是“独木桥”——一条每个人都必须走的艰难道路。但有些人的鞋子比其他人好。加拿大华裔教育学者蒋学勤称，富裕家庭为孩子提供额外辅导，这是希望增加孩子机会的家庭之间的“军备竞赛”。人口较多的省份进入最好大学的标准更高，而人口稀少的省份则设定了更低的门槛。（这一漏洞导致非法的“高考移民”在考试前转到内蒙古的学校。）北京和上海的学生获得了特权——他们是当地最好大学慷慨配额的受益者——尽管他们更有可能获得特权。
生词积累
emblematic
adj.象征的；可当标志的
mnlithic
adj.整体的；巨石的，庞大的；完全统一的
rte
n.死记硬背；习惯的过程，机械式的过程
gruelling
adj.折磨人的；繁重累人的；使人精疲力尽的
segment
n.部分，片段
refrain
v.克制，避免
n.（诗歌的）叠句，（歌曲的）副歌；叠歌部分的音乐伴奏；经常重复的评价（或抱怨）
aspiring
adj.有抱负的；渴望从事……的
elabrate
v.详细说明，详尽阐述；精心制作
descendant
n.后裔，子孙
ntrius
adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的
beneficiary
n.受益者，受惠人