北京市首都师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市首都师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题Word版含解析docx、北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共33页， 欢迎下载使用。

第一节（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分）
听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将有5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What will the speakers prbably d?
A. They will have breakfast sn.
B. They will have lunch withut waiting fr father.
C. They will have lunch when the father is back.
2. What can we knw frm the dialgue?
A. The cake is s delicius that everybdy will lve it.
B. The wman will tell the man hw t make the cake.
C. The man will ck a cake fr his children.
3. What des the wman mean?
A. Nbdy beys the traffic rules.
B. Sme drivers dn’t care much abut the traffic.
C. Drivers like taking U-turns in the middle f the rad.
4. Where are the speakers likely t be?
A. At the mvie. B. At the market. C. At the beach.
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将有5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第5至6小题。
5. Why did the man decide t buy the sunglasses?
A. Because he liked the clr and the style very much.
B. Because the sunglasses were n sale.
C. Because the sunglasses suit him well and there was a discunt.
6. What was the riginal price fr the sunglasses?
A. 180 yuan. B. 270 yuan. C. 360 yuan.
听下面一段对话，回答第7至8题。
7. What d we knw abut the wman?
A. She will prbably be busy in a few days.
B. She’s the man’s secretary.
C. She’s a wrkahlic.
8. Hw des the wman feel when she has nthing t d?
A. Stressed. B. Lazy. C. Uncmfrtable.
听下面一段对话，回答第9至10题。
9. Hw did the wman learn Chinese?
A. She nce went t Japan.
B. She learned it in schl.
C. She learned it frm her father.
10. Hw lng has the wman been in China?
A. Fr 30 years. B. Fr 20 years. C. Fr 25 years.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至12题。
11. What might be the relatinship between the tw speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Teacher and student. C. Friends.
12. Why did the man put his feet n the wman’s table?
A. Because he wanted t make the table dirty.
B. Because he felt gd with his feet n the table.
C. Because he wanted t buy the table with a lw price.
听下面一段独白，回答第13至14题。
13 Why have the fires spread s fast?
A. Because f the drught cnditins.
B. Because there are t many plants.
C. Because few peple are fighting the fire.
14. What is the driver’s attitude tward putting ut the fire quickly?
A. Optimistic. B. Uninterested. C. Dubtful.
第三节（共4小题；每小题1.5分，共6分）
听下面一段独白，完成第15至18四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置。
Techniques t imprve memry
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Online gamers cnstantly make life and death decisins at their keybards-but it’s just a game. A Texas gamer was faced with a real-life situatin and helped ___1___ the life f a fellw player - 5, 000 miles away.
Aidan, in England, was playing an nline game in his bedrm when he had a seizure. His playing partner, Dia, in Texas, just put her headset n and heard what she culd nly describe as a seizure, s she started t get ___2___ and asked what was ging n and if he was OK. When he didn’t respnd, she ___3___ started t lk up the emergency number in the UK. When that didn’t wrk, she just had t hpe the nn-emergency number wuld wrk. It had an ___4___ fr talking t a real persn.
Smene answered the call and she had t frce herself nt t ___5___ and t stay calm. “Hi. I’m ___6___ in the US and in a call with my friend.” Dia tld the peratr. “He had a seizure and he’s nt respnding anymre. I d have his ___7___. N ne’s hme with him right nw, s I’m just trying t get him sme help.”
Actually, Aidan’s parents were watching televisin dwnstairs and did nt ___8___ their sn was in danger until three plice fficers kncked at their dr.
“We are extremely thankful fr what Dia did and ___9___ that we culd be dwnstairs and nt knw anything was happening, ” Aidan’s mther said. “Dia had ur address but didn’t have any cntact numbers, s it was amazing that she ____10____ t get help frm s far away. I’ve spken t her and expressed ur thanks-she’s glad she culd help.”
1. A. spareB. enrichC. devteD. save
2. A. threatenedB. trappedC. cncernedD. annyed
3. A. eventuallyB. instantlyC. suddenlyD. especially
4. A. ptinB. rderC. arrangementD. actin
5. A. expldeB. cmplainC. panicD. quit
6. A. accidentallyB. currentlyC. bviuslyD. frequently
7. A. ageB. nameC. numberD. address
8. A. decideB. explainC. realizeD. judge
9. A. relievedB. shckedC. puzzledD. bred
10. A. managedB. learnedC. hpedD. prmised
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了一位英国游戏玩家突发癫痫，5000英里外的联机队友火速报警施救的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位德克萨斯州的游戏玩家遇到了现实生活中的情况，他帮助拯救了5000英里外的另一位玩家的生命。A. spare抽出； B. enrich丰富；C. devte致力于；D. save拯救、节省。根据最后一段中的“I’ve spken t her and expressed ur thanks-she’s glad she culd help.”可知，这位游戏玩家拯救了另一个玩家的生命。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的搭档，德克萨斯州的迪亚，只是戴上了耳机，听到了一种声音，她只能将这种声音描述为癫痫发作的声音，所以她开始担心，问他发生了什么事，他是否还好。A. threatened吓人的；B. trapped被困的；C. cncerned担忧的；D. annyed恼火的。根据下文“asked what was ging n and if he was OK. ”可知，Dia是在担忧她的搭档。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他没有回应时，她立即开始查找英国的紧急电话号码。A. eventually最后；B. instantly马上；C. suddenly突然； D. especially尤其。根据下文“started t lk up the emergency number in the UK”可知，预料到另一个玩家有危险，Dia马上采取行动。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它有与真人对话的选项。A. ptin选择；B. rder命令；C. arrangement安排；D. actin行动。根据上文“she just had t hpe the nn-emergency number wuld wrk.”可知，这是可以与真人对话的选项。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人接了电话，她不得不强迫自己不要惊慌，保持冷静。A. explde爆炸；B. cmplain抱怨；C. panic惊慌；D. quit退出。根据下文“and t stay calm.”可知，在有人接电话后，Dia保持冷静不慌张。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“嗨。我现在在美国，正在和朋友打电话。”迪告诉接线员。A. accidentally意外地；B. currently目前地；C. bviusly明显地；D.frequently频繁地 。根据下文“‘ in the US and in a call with my friend.’ Dia tld the peratr.”可知，Dia告诉接线员，自己目前在美国。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有他的地址。A. age年龄；B. name名字；C.number数字；D. address地址。根据最后一段中的提示“Dia had ur address but didn't have any cntact numbers ”可知，Dia知道游戏搭档家地址。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Aidan的父母当时正在楼下看电视，直到三个警察敲了门，他们才意识到他们的儿子有危险。A. decide决定；B. explain解释；C. realize意识到；D. judge判断。根据最后一段中“ we culd be dwnstairs and nt knw anything was happening, ”可知，家长没有意识到Aidan有危险。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Aidan的母亲说:“我们非常感谢迪亚所做的一切，也很震惊我们在楼下却不知道发生了什么。”A. relieved如释重负的；B. shcked惊讶的；C.puzzled困惑的；D. bred无聊的。根据下文“we culd be dwnstairs and nt knw anything was happening,”可知，Aidan的父母在楼下都没有意识到自己的孩子有危险，所以他们对此感到很震惊。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dia有我们的地址，但没有任何联系电话，所以她能从这么远的地方得到帮助，真是令人惊讶。A. managed管理、设法做；B. learned得知、学习；C. hped希望；D. prmised答应。根据第二段中的“When that didn’t wrk, she just had t hpe the nn-emergency number wuld wrk.”可知，Dia在帮助Aiden的过程中，刚开始查英国的紧急号码，但没有用，她又找到非紧急号码，由此可知，Dia一直在想法来帮助Aiden，manage t d设法做某事。故选A。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题15分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There is ne rad that spans thusands f years. Alng it are the eches f camel belts, ____11____ (cnnect) past with present. Crssing muntains and seas, the rad unveils a prmising trade rute between the East and West. The rad fully embraces the diversity f civilizatins. ____12____ (prpse) by China in 2013, the rad belngs t the whle wrld with peace and develpment as its beacn. It ____13____ (embdy) principles f extensive cnsultatin and jint cntributin fr shared benefits. Eventually it leads t a visin f happiness and well-being fr peple f all cuntries. It is a bnd f cperatin as well as friendship. It is nt nly a rad f trade, but als a rad f happiness.
【答案】11. cnnecting
12. Prpsed
13. embdies
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2013年，中国提出“一带一路”倡议，以和平与发展为指路明灯，“一带一路”属于全世界。它体现了共商共建共享的原则。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：驼铃声声，联通古今。分析句子结构可知cnnect与逻辑主语eches构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填cnnecting。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2013年，这条路中国提出属于世界，以和平与发展为指路明灯。分析句子结构可知prpse与逻辑主语the rad构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Prpsed。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：它体现了共商共建共享的原则。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语用三单形式。故填embdies。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Researchers are studying the uncnscius reactins that happen when we make eye cntact. They have fund that making eye cntact makes us less aware f ____14____ is happening arund us. We becme mre fcused n the persn lking at us. Eye cntact als increases brain activity and makes us mre self-cnscius. Even lking at a painting ____15____ appears t be making eye cntact can als affect areas f the brain related t thinking abut urselves and ther peple. Studies have als shwn that it is ____16____ (hard) fr peple t cncentrate when smene is lking at them. This frm f eye cntact interferes with ur ____17____ (imagine) and even ur wrking memry.
【答案】14. what
15. that##which
16. harder 17. imaginatin
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员正在研究当我们进行眼神交流时发生的无意识反应。他们发现，眼神交流会让我们对周围发生的事情意识更少。
【14题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他们发现，眼神交流会让我们对周围发生的事情意识更少。引导宾语从句，表示“……的事情”应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：即使是看一幅看起来有眼神交流画，也会影响大脑中与思考自己和他人相关的区域。定语从句修饰先行词painting，在从句作主语，指物，应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。
【16题详解】
考查比较级。句意：研究还表明，当有人看着自己时，人们更难集中注意力。结合句意“更难”可知应用形容词比较级harder作表语。故填harder。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：这种形式的眼神交流会干扰我们的想象力，甚至我们的工作记忆。作介词的宾语，应用名词imaginatin，不可数。故填imaginatin。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____18____ (celebrate) Dragn Bat Festival, an underwater dance perfrmance titled Pray was aired n Henan TV last Saturday night, the first day f the hliday. Featuring the gddess f Lu River — a mysterius beauty best knwn in the petry f Ca Zhi during the Three Kingdms perid, the dancer Haha He, ____19____ frmer synchrnized swimmer (花样游泳), recreated the elegance f this ancient Chinese gddess. The entire dance ____20____ (film) in 26 hurs, accrding t the shw’s directr Jiyng Gu. Netizens, amazed by the perfrmance, cmmented every frame f it lks like a mural (壁画). Sme said it speaks t real cultural cnfidence.
【答案】18. T celebrate
19. a 20. was filmed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了为了庆祝端午节，上周六晚，春节第一天，河南电视台播出了一场名为《祈福》的水下舞蹈表演。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝端午节，上周六晚，春节第一天，河南电视台播出了一场名为《祈福》的水下舞蹈表演。分析句子结构可知celebrate在句中作目的状语，故用不定式，首字母大写。故填T celebrate。
【19题详解】
考查冠词。句意：以三国曹植诗歌中最为著名的神秘美女洛河女神为主角，前花样游泳运动员何浩浩重现了这位中国古代女神的优雅。swimmer为可数名词，此处为泛指，且frmer是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【20题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：据该节目的导演郭继勇说，整个舞蹈拍摄了26个小时。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为dance，谓语用单数。故填was filmed。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If yu’re lking t buy a gift fr yur children, why nt keep up with the trend and get the best hverbard?
What is a Hverbard?
A hverbard is a tw-wheeled persnal transprtatin device. It’s electrical, prtable and became highly ppular in 2015. Typically, this self-balancing device perates like a pwered skatebard.
Hw Des a Hverbard Wrk?
The device may have many designs but the mechanism itself isn’t cmplicated. Basically, a standard hverbard cntains:
•Battery: stres the electrical pwer. Almst all hverbards use a high-watt lithium-in battery.
•Gyrscpe (ne fr each wheel): allws riders t tilt (倾斜) the hverbard while maintaining balance and adjusting their directin.
•Mtr (ne in each wheel): prvides the pwer t the wheels t keep the rider balanced and upright.
•Lgic bard: functins as the hverbard brain. It prcesses data—yur speed, tilt, etc.—and sends infrmatin t the mtrs. This unit cntrls the pwer f the bard s riders can adjust their speed.
All the abve cmpnents wrk tgether t cntrl the pwer and tilt f the hverbards s the rider is balanced, upright and mving at a cntrlled speed.
Why Buy a Hverbard?
Undubtedly, hverbards are cl. Yu’ve prbably seen kids riding ne arund the huse. They’re a phenmenn and everybdy wants in. S, why deny yur kids and prevent them frm being part f this trend?
Where is a hverbard legal?
Despite their wild ppularity, hverbards have yet t becme “street-legal”. Currently, sme places prhibit anyne under 16 frm using these devices, and hverbards are banned in academic institutins and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shpping malls and subway statins. Sme places have als put speed limits n the devices and restricted their use t bike paths. Hwever, pen areas—including yur yard—are free f these restrictins.
21. The lgic bard f a hverbard can ______.
A. stre electricityB. pwer the wheels
C. send infrmatin t the ridersD. receive data and give cmmand
22. Accrding t the passage, yu can see a hverbard ______.
A. n campusB. in parks
C. n bike pathsD. in shpping malls
23. What is the main purpse f this passage?
A. T evaluate a gift’s quality.
B. T suggest a gift ptin.
C. T cmpare new hverbard mdels.
D. T explain functins f the latest hverbards.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一则推荐类广告。文章主要介绍了悬滑板（平衡车）的相关情况。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。由•Lgic bard 部分中的“It prcesses data — yur speed, tilt, etc.— and sends infrmatin t the mtrs. This unit cntrls the pwer f the bard s riders can adjust their speed.”可知，它处理数据——你的速度、倾斜度等——并将信息发送给电动机。这个装置控制着滑板的力量，所以骑手们可以调整他们的速度。由此我们可以判断lgic bard可以接收数据，并发出指令。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Currently, sme places prhibit anyne under 16 frm using these devices, and hverbards are banned in academic institutins and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shpping malls and subway statins.”可知，目前，一些地方禁止16岁以下的人使用这些设备，学术机构和公共场所也禁止使用悬滑板（平衡车），比如校园建筑、公园、购物中心和地铁站。选项A校园，B公园，D购物中心都被排除。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“If yu’re lking t buy a gift fr yur children, why nt keep up with the trend and get the best hverbard?”可知，如果你想给你的孩子买礼物，为什么不紧跟潮流，买最好的悬滑板（平衡车）呢？由此可知，这篇文章是帮大家推荐一款给孩子的礼物。故选B。
B
When my father died, ne f the tasks that fell t me was t srt thrugh and decide which bjects t save and which t thrw away. Nw I lk at the bjects f my life as if I were dead, wndering, what will my children d with the human skull that sits n the bkcase? They’ve been wanting t thrw it ut fr sme years, but will they knw hw much can be learned frm living with a skull? And I knw they will thrw the white plastic head f a hrse n my desk int a rubbish bag withut a thught, never knwing that it is the nly piece remaining frm the first chess set I wned. It is me at age twelve.
But the final decisins are left t thse wh knw us least — ur children. I was the clsest t my father and knew him well; hwever, nly when I was ging thrugh his study did I learn he had cllected picture pstcards f htels. What was I t d with all the bjects that had been him? The sad part f me wanted t put everything in my car and take it hme. The ratinal wn, hwever, and I filled rubbish bags with ld newspapers, magazines, aplgizing t his spirit as I did. I culd nt thrw ut the thusands f pictures he had taken n his travels. I brught the pictures hme, thugh I will never lk at them. I brught twelve bxes f my father hme.
I lk at the bjects that are my life and the nly way my children can satisfy me is by nt tuching a thing. But they must if I am t g n with my death. And I wnder hw many bxes f me will my children keep? I lk at these bjects that are me and knw, t, that they are symbls f hw alne I and each f us is, fr n ne knws what any bject means except he r she wh wns it. Every bject f ur lives is a memry, and emtin surrunds arund it, hiding and prtecting a tiny truth f the heart. Only I have the memries f when and hw each ne was btained; I lk at the bjects that are me, and the memries are warm and permeated (弥漫) with lve.
24. Why des the writer keep the plastic head f a hrse?
A. Because his father gave it t him as a gift.
B. Because it makes him a very gd chess player.
C. Because it brings back memries f his childhd.
D. Because he accepted it as a prize fr a cmpetitin.
25. Hw did the writer deal with the remaining bjects f his father after he died?
A. He threw everything away.
B. He saved sme f the wrthless bjects.
C. He tk sme f them t his wn huse.
D. He srted them and put them int gd rder.
26. What d we knw abut the writer?
A. He is very strict with his children.
B. He prefers t cllect different skulls.
C. He relies n his children t deal with his pssessins.
D. He knws mre abut his father after his father died.
27. Accrding t the last paragraph, the bjects we save ________.
A. serve as the symbls f ur scial classB. are reminders f past experiences
C. are quite expensive and valuableD. make us prud f urselves
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章是作者在收拾去世的父亲的物品时的感悟。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“And I knw they will thrw the white plastic head f a hrse n my desk int a rubbish bag withut a thught, never knwing that it is the nly piece remaining frm the first chess set I wned. It is me at age twelve. (我知道他们会不假思索地把我桌子上的白色塑料马头扔进垃圾袋，而他们不知道这是我拥有的第一副国际象棋中唯一剩下的棋子。这是我十二岁的时候)”可知，作者保留塑料马头是因为它会让作者想起童年时的回忆，故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“I brught the pictures hme, thugh I will never lk at them. I brught twelve bxes f my father hme.(我把照片带回家了，虽然我永远不会看它们。我带了十二盒爸爸的东西回家)”可知，作者把爸爸的一些东西带回了自己家，故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the final decisins are left t thse wh knw us least — ur children. (但最终的决定权还是留给那些最不了解我们的人——我们的孩子)”和最后一段中“And I wnder hw many bxes f me will my children keep?(我想知道我的孩子会保留多少个关于我的盒子呢？)”可知，作者依靠他的孩子们来处理他的物品，故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Every bject f ur lives is a memry, and emtin surrunds arund it, hiding and prtecting a tiny truth f the heart. Only I have the memries f when and hw each ne was btained; I lk at the bjects that are me, and the memries are warm and permeated (弥漫) with lve. (我们生活中的每一件物品都是记忆，情感围绕着它，隐藏和保护着内心的一个微小真相。只有我记得它们是何时以及如何得到的；我看着这些物体，它们就是我，记忆是温暖的，充满了爱)”可知，我们保留下来的物品可以使我们想起过去的经历。故选B。
C
A butterfly’s wings can have many jbs besides keeping the insect high up in the air. They may be used t attract mates, r t warm ptential attackers t stay away. All f these rles, thugh, depend n their unchanging cluratin. This plays int the idea that butterfly wings are dead tissue, like a bird’s feathers. In fact, that’s nt true. Fr example, in sme species males’ wings have special cells releasing sme chemicals which attract females.
Nanfang Yu, a physicist at Clumbia University, in New Yrk, has been lking int the matter. Tgether with Nami Pierce, a butterfly specialist at Harvard University, he has nw shwn, in a paper published in Nature Cmmunicatins in February, 2020, that butterfly wings are, indeed, very much alive.
In their experiments, the tw researchers used a laser t heat up spts n the wings f dzens f butterfly species. When the temperature f the area under the laser reached 40℃ r s, the insects respnded within secnds by ding things that stpped their wings heating up further. These actins included a butterfly turning arund t minimize its prfile t the laser, mving its wings up and dwn r simply walking away.
Butterflies engaged in all f these heat-minimizing activities even when the researchers blindflded them. That suggested the relevant sensrs were n the wings themselves. Dr. Yu and Dr. Pierce therefre searched thse wings fr likely lking sensry cells. They fund sme, in the frm f neurns (神经元) that were similar t heat detectrs knwn frm ther insects. They als uncvered disc-shaped cells that appeared t be similar t pressure-sensitive neurns. They guess that these are there t detect defrmatin f the wing—infrmatin an insect culd use t cntrl its flight pattern.
The third discvery they made t cntradict the “dead wing” idea was that sme butterfly wings have a heartbeat. A butterfly’s wings have veins (静脉). These carry a bldlike liquid which, researchers have nw fund in males, shws a pulse f several dzen beats per minute. The surce f this pulse appears t be the scent pad, a dark spt n the wings that prduces the female-attracting chemicals. Apparently, this “wing heart” acts as a pump that helps bldlike liquid thrugh the scent pad.
In all their experiments simulating different envirnmental cnditins, Dr. Yu and Dr. Pierce cnsistently fund that, different parts f the wing are cvered by different srts f scales (鳞屑). In particular, tubes pass thrugh scales ver the scent pads. This imprves their ability t spread heat away and helps keep the living parts f a butterfly’s wing alive.
28. A bird’s feathers are mentined in Paragraph 1 t ________.
A. intrduce the latest research findings n a bird
B. highlight the special feature f a bird’s feathers
C. shw cmmn knwledge abut butterfly wings
D. stress the difference between a butterfly and a bird
29. What can we learn frm Dr. Yu and Dr. Pierce’s experiments?
A. Butterfly wings are cmplicated living rgans.
B. Butterfly wings have little reactin t external heat.
C. The scent pads n sme male butterfly wings are their hearts.
D. Heat-minimizing activities help detect defrmatin f the wings.
30. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Seeing Is BelievingB. Mre Than Meets The Eye
C. Nthing Seek, Nthing FindD. Fine Feathers Make Fine Birds
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能让其在空中飞得很高外，还有许多功能，并文中详细介绍了这些功能，旨在告诉我们有些事情并不像看到的那样简单。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This plays int the idea that butterfly wings are dead tissue, like a bird’s feathers. In fact, that’s nt true. Fr example, in sme species males’ wings have special cells releasing sme chemicals which attract females.(这印证了蝴蝶翅膀是死组织的观点，就像鸟的羽毛一样。事实上，这不是真的。例如，在一些物种中，雄性翅膀上有特殊的细胞，可以释放一些化学物质来吸引雌性)”可知，第一段提到鸟的羽毛是为了说明蝴蝶翅膀的常识。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In all their experiments simulating different envirnmental cnditins, Dr. Yu and Dr. Pierce cnsistently fund that, different parts f the wing are cvered by different srts f scales (鳞屑). In particular, tubes pass thrugh scales ver the scent pads. This imprves their ability t spread heat away and helps keep the living parts f a butterfly’s wing alive. (在模拟不同环境条件的所有实验中，Yu博士和Pierce博士一致发现，翅膀的不同部位覆盖着不同种类的鳞片。特别是，管子穿过气味垫上的鳞片。这提高了它们传播热量的能力，并有助于保持蝴蝶翅膀的活性部分的活力)”可知，从两人的实验中我们可以知道蝴蝶翅膀是复杂的活器官。故选A项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能让其在空中飞得很高外，还有许多功能，并文中详细介绍了这些功能。由此可推知，本文主要的目的是告诉我们有些事情并不像看到的那样简单。A项意为“眼见为实”；B项意为“超出所见，事情并不像看到的那样简单”；C项意为“无所求，则无所获”；D项意为“人要衣装，佛要金装”。故选B项。
D
We talk cntinuusly abut hw t make children mre”resilient(有恢复力的)”，but whatever were ding, it's nt wrking. Rates f anxiety disrders and depressin are rising rapidly amng teenagers. What are we ding wrng?
Nassim Taleb invented the wrd “antifragile” and used it t describe a small but very imprtant class f systems that gain frm shcks, challenges, and disrder. The immune system is ne f them: it requires expsure t certain kinds f bacteria and ptential allergens(过敏源)in childhd in rder t develp t its full ability.
Children’s scial and emtinal abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we verprtect kids and keep them “safe” frm unpleasant scial situatins and negative emtins we deprive(剥夺)them f the challenges and pprtunities fr skill-building they need t grw strng. Such children are likely t suffer mre when expsed later t ther unpleasant but rdinary life events, such as teasing and scial rejectin
It's nt the kids fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much mre fearful in the 1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet expsed everyne, mre and mre, t thse rare ccurrences f crimes and accidents that nw ccur less and less, Outdr play and independent mbility went dwn; screen time and adult-mnitred activities went up.
Yet free play in which kids wrk ut their wn rules f engagement, take small risks, and learn t master small dangers turns ut t be vital fr the develpment f adult scial and even physical cmpetence, Depriving them f free play prevents their scial-emtinal grwth. Nrwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned: “We may bserve an increased anxiety r mental disrders in sciety if children are frbidden frm participating in age adequate risky play.”
They wrte thse wrds in 2011. Over the fllwing few years, their predictin came true. Kids brn after 1994 are suffering frm much higher rates f anxiety disrders and depressin than the previus generatin did. Besides, there is als a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted t hspital fr deliberately harming themselves.
What can we d t change these trends? Hw can we raise kids strng enugh t handle the rdinary and extrardinary challenges f life? We can’t guarantee that giving primary schl children mre independence tday will bring dwn the rate f teenage suicide tmrrw. The links between childhd verprtectin and teenage mental illness are suggestive but nt clear-cut. Yet there are gd reasns t suspect that by depriving ur naturally antifragile kids f the wide range f experiences they need t becme strng, we are systematically preventing their grwth. We shuld let g-and let them grw.
31. Why des the authr mentin the immune system in Paragraph 2?
A. T stress its imprtanceB. T analyze the cause f anxiety
C. T questin the latest discvery.D. T help understand a new wrd
32. Parents verprtect children because_______
A. they want t keep children frm being teased
B. they are cncerned abut their children's safety
C. parent-mnitred activities are a must
D. children are nt independent enugh
33. Accrding t the authr, free play can_________
A. develp children' s leadership skillsB. strengthen children' s friendship
C. reduce children's risky behavirD. prmte children's resilience
34. Which f the fllwing des the authr prbably agree with?
A. Stp trying t perfect yur child
B. It takes great curage t raise children
C. Prepare the child fr the rad, nt the rad fr the child.
D. While we try t teach ur children all abut life, ur children teach us what life is all abut.
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. D 34. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是青少年焦虑症和抑郁症的比例正在迅速上升，是由于父母的过度保护，使得青少年缺少“适应力”，作者呼吁家长们懂得放手，让孩子们自己走。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的The immune system is ne f them（免疫系统就是其中之一），此处说明免疫系统是前文提到的a small but very imprtant class f systems（很小但很重要的系统）之一，也就是用来帮助读者理解“antifragile”这个新词，故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的we verprtect kids and keep them “safe” frm unpleasant scial situatins and negative emtins（我们过度保护孩子，让他们远离不愉快的社会环境和负面情绪），由此可知，父母过分保护孩子，因为他们担心孩子的安全，故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的free play in which kids wrk ut their wn rules f engagement, take small risks, and learn t master small dangers turns ut t be vital fr the develpment f adult scial and even physical cmpetence（孩子们在自由玩耍中制定自己的参与规则，承担小的风险，并学会掌握小的危险，这对成人社交能力甚至身体能力的发展是至关重要的）由此可知，自由玩耍可以增强儿童的适应力。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段的We shuld let g-and let them grw.（我们应该放手，让他们成长。）可推知，作者可能同意的观点是让孩子为路做准备，而不是为孩子准备路。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Public speaking and critical thinking
What is critical thinking? T a certain degree, it’s a matter f lgic (逻辑) — f being able t spt weaknesses in ther peple’s argument and t avid them in yur wn, it als includes related skills such as distinguishing fact frm pinin and assessing the sundness f evidence. In the brad sense, critical thinking is fcused, rganized thinking — the ability t see clearly their latinships amng ideas.___35___The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventrs have ften taken infrmatin that was readily available and put it tgether differently t prduce new ideas.that, t, is critical thinking.
___36___ As the class ges n, fr example, yu will prbably spend a gd deal f time rganizing yur speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical (机械的) exercise, it is clsely cnnected with critical thinking. If the structure f yur speech is lse and cnfused, chances are that yur thinking. If the structure f yur speech is lse and cnfused, chances are that yur thinking is als discvered and cnfused. If, n the ther hand, the structure is clear, there is a gd chance yur thinking is t. Organizing a speech is nt a matter f arranging the ideas yur already have.___37___
What is true f rganizatin is true f many aspects f public speaking.___38___As yu wrk n expressing yur ideas in clear, accurate language, yu will Imprve yur ability t think clearly and accurately.___39___ As yu learn t listen critically t speeches in class,Yu will be better able t assess the ideas f speakers in a variety f situatins.
If yu take full advantage f yur speech class, yu will be able t develp yur skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is ne reasn public speaking has been regarded as a vital part f educatin since the days f ancient Greece.
A. Rather, it is an imprtant part f shaping the ideas themselves.
B. This may seem like a lt f time, but the rewards are well wrth it.
C. It may als help yu t knw that there is n such thing as a perfect speech.
D. It has ften been said that there are few new ideas in the wrld, nly rerganized ideas.
E. If yu are wndering what this has t d with yur public speaking class, the answer is quite a lt.
F. The skills yu learn in yur speech class can help yu becme a mre effective thinker in a number f ways.
G. As yu study the rle f evidence and reasning in speech making, yu will see hw they can be used in ther frms f cmmunicatin as well.
【答案】35. D 36. E 37. A 38. F 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了辩证思考。在某种程度上，辩证思考是一种逻辑思维，即我们能通过分析别人的论点来驳倒他。同时，辩证思考还需要一些相关技能，如从观点中分析事实，评估证据的真实性。
【35题详解】
根据上文“In the brad sense, critical thinking is fcused, rganized thinking — the ability t see clearly their latinships amng ideas.(从广义上说，批判性思维是集中的、有组织的思维——清楚地看到想法之间的关系的能力)”可知，批判性思维是一种能够清楚地看到想法之间的关系的能力。由此可知，D选项“It has ften been said that there are few new ideas in the wrld, nly rerganized ideas.(人们常说，世界几乎没有新想法，只有重新组织的想法)”能够承接上文，同时引出下文“The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventrs have ften taken infrmatin that was readily available and put it tgether differently t prduce new ideas.that, t, is critical thinking. (最伟大的思想家、科学家和发明家常常把现成的信息以不同的方式组合在一起，从而产生新的想法。这也是批判性思维)”。其中的“rerganized ideas”与下文中的“taken infrmatin that was readily available and put it tgether differently t prduce new ideas”相对应。故选D项。
【36题详解】
空处位于段首，应是本段的主题句。根据下文“As the class ges n, fr example, yu will prbably spend a gd deal f time rganizing yur speeches.(例如随着课程的进行，你可能会花很长的时间组织你的演讲)”可知，此处讲到了课与演讲。由此可知，E选项“If yu are wndering what this has t d with yur public speaking class, the answer is quite a lt.(如果你想知道这和你的公开演讲课有什么关系，答案是相当有关系)”符合语境。其中class是关键词，speaking对应speeches。故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Organizing a speech is nt just a matter f arranging yur ideas yu already have. (组织演讲不仅仅是整理你已有的想法)”可知，空处与上文是转折关系，说明组织演讲的深层次意义。由此可知，A选项“Rather, it is an imprtant part f shaping the ideas themselves.(相反，它是塑造思想本身的一个重要部分)”符合语境，其中的“it”指代上文的“Organizing a speech”。故选A项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“What is true f rganizatin is true f many aspects f public speaking.(适合组织的很多方面也适合公众演讲)”可知，F选项“The skills yu learn in yur speech class can help yu becme a mre effective thinker in a number f ways. (你在演讲课上学到的技巧可以从很多方面帮助你成为一个更有效的思考者)”能够承接上文，同时引出下文“As yu wrk n expressing yur ideas in clear, accurate language, yu will Imprve yur ability t think clearly and accurately.(当你努力用清晰、准确的语言表达你的想法时，你会提高你清晰、准确地思考的能力)”。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“As yu wrk n expressing yur ideas in clear, accurate language, yu will Imprve yur ability t think clearly and accurately.(当你努力用清晰、准确的语言表达你的想法时，你会提高你清晰、准确地思考的能力)”及下文“As yu learn t listen critically t speeches in class, yu will be better able t assess the ideas f speakers in a variety f situatins.(当你学会在课堂上批判性地听演讲时，你就能更好地评估演讲者在各种情况下的想法)”可知，G选项 “As yu study the rle f evidence and reasning in speech making, yu will see hw they can be used in ther frms f cmmunicatin as well.(当你研究证据和推理在演讲中的作用时，你就会看到它们如何在其他形式的交流中使用)”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选G项。
第四部分：书面表达（共一节，12分）
阅读表达（共4小题；第58、59小题各2分，第60小题3分；第61小题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Cllecting As a Hbby
Cllecting must be ne f the mst varied f human activities, and it’s ne that many psychlgists find fascinating.
Sme peple cllect because they want t make mney. This culd be called an instrumental reasn fr cllecting. They’ll lk fr, say, antiques that they can buy cheaply and expect t sell at a prfit. But there may well be a psychlgical element, t—buying cheap and selling dear can give the cllectr a sense f achievement.
Anther mtive fr cllecting is the desire t find smething special. Sme may spend their whle lives in a hunt fr this. Psychlgically, this can give a purpse t a life that therwise feels aimless. There is a danger, thugh, that if the individual is ever lucky enugh t find what they’re lking fr, rather than celebrating their success, they may feel empty, nw that the gal that drve them n has gne.
If yu think abut cllecting pstage stamps, anther ptential reasn is its educatinal value. Stamp cllecting pens a windw t ther cuntries, and t the plants, animals, r famus peple shwn n their stamps. In the past, and nwadays, t, a ppular frm f cllecting, was trainsptting. This might invlve trying t see every lcmtive (火车头) f a particular type, using published data that identify each ne, and ticking ff each engine as it is seen. As a by-prduct, many train sptters becme very knwledgeable abut railway peratins, r the technical specificatins f different engine types.
Nt all cllectrs are interested in learning frm their hbbies. Sme peple cllect because f the need fr a sense f cntrl. Stamp cllectrs, fr instance, arrange their stamps in albums very neatly accrding t their preferred principles.
All hbbies give pleasure, but the cmmn factr in cllecting is usually passin. Cllecting can be ttally appealing, and can give a strng sense f persnal achievement. T nn-cllectrs it may appear a strange way f spending time, but ptentially, cllecting has a lt ging fr it.
40. What is the instrumental reasn fr cllecting?
41. What is the danger f hunting fr smething special as a life purpse?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢ Cllectrs gain material and psychlgical benefits frm cllecting, but nn-cllectrs may nt see its value, s they are nt advised t have a try.
43. If yu are a cllectr, what d yu cllect? And why? (In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】40. T make mney.
41. After finding what they hunt fr, peple may feel empty and aimless rather than celebrate their success.
42. Cllectrs gain material and psychlgical benefits frm cllecting, but nn-cllectrs may nt see its value, s they are nt advised t have a try.
Accrding t the passage, t nn-cllectrs, cllecting as a hbby may seem like a strange way f spending time, but ptentially, cllecting has many psitive qualities. S cllecting is wrth trying fr nn-cllectrs.
43. (1) I cllect fridge magnets because they are my favurite suvenirs. Whenever I see them, I can recall the memrable time spent during the trips. Mrever, fridge magnets enable me t learn mre abut the typical landmarks and cultural elements f the places I have visited.
(2) I cllect car mdels because I lve cars and receive car mdels as gifts n every special ccasin, which serve as a reminder f my carefree childhd and the cherished lve frm my belved nes. Each car mdel carries a distinct tuching stry and pleasant mment during my grwth.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了收藏是一种爱好，并说明了收藏的不同原因。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Sme peple cllect because they want t make mney. This culd be called an instrumental reasn fr cllecting.”（有些人收藏是因为他们想赚钱。这可以被称为收藏的工具性原因。）可知，收藏的工具性原因是他们想赚钱。故答案为T make mney.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“There is a danger, thugh, that if the individual is ever lucky enugh t find what they’re lking fr, rather than celebrating their success, they may feel empty, nw that the gal that drve them n has gne.”（然而，有一种危险，那就是，如果一个人幸运地找到了他们想要东西，那么他们可能会感到空虚，而不是庆祝他们的成功，因为驱使他们前进的目标已经消失了。）可知，将猎取特殊东西作为人生目标的危险是，在找到所追求的东西后，人们可能会感到空虚和漫无目的，而不是庆祝他们的成功。故答案为After finding what they hunt fr, peple may feel empty and aimless rather than celebrate their success.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“T nn-cllectrs it may appear a strange way f spending time, but ptentially, cllecting has a lt ging fr it.”（对于非收藏者来说，这似乎是一种奇怪的消磨时间的方式，但潜在的是，收藏有很多好处。）可知，对于非收藏者来说，把收藏作为一种爱好似乎是一种奇怪的消磨时间的方式，但潜在的是，收藏有许多积极的品质。因此，对于非收藏者来说，收藏是值得尝试的，所以所给句子中s they are nt advised t have a try是错误的，需要划线。故答案为Cllectrs gain material and psychlgical benefits frm cllecting, but nn-cllectrs may nt see its value, s they are nt advised t have a try.
Accrding t the passage, t nn-cllectrs, cllecting as a hbby may seem like a strange way f spending time, but ptentially, cllecting has many psitive qualities. S cllecting is wrth trying fr nn-cllectrs.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。如果我是收藏家，我收藏冰箱磁铁，因为它们是我最喜欢的纪念品。每当我看到他们，我都能回忆起旅行中度过的难忘时光。此外，冰箱磁铁使我能够更多地了解我访问过的地方的典型地标和文化元素。故答案为I cllect fridge magnets because they are my favurite suvenirs. Whenever I see them, I can recall the memrable time spent during the trips. Mrever, fridge magnets enable me t learn mre abut the typical landmarks and cultural elements f the places I have visited.
Techniques
Examples
Use yur memry as much as pssible
Try t learn smething new, because the 15 activities can stimulate the brain.
16 fcusing
Take any bject and think abut its varius characteristics.
Relax
Try hlding yur 17 fr ten secnds, and then release it slwly.
Assciate
Think abut a special feature f a persn’s face and then 18 with his name.