高中英语语法--非谓语动词+课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

这是一份高中英语语法--非谓语动词+课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项，共42页。PPT课件主要包含了现在分词的句法功能，过去分词的句法功能，关注事项，做题步骤，With结构，什么是非谓语动词呢，动名词，动词不定式，变为非谓语动词，doingdone等内容，欢迎下载使用。
非谓语动词的定义与特征
现在分词的形式与形态变化
非谓语动词的定义、特征
“非”谓语即就是“不是”谓语，把不能、不必做谓语的动词，用另一种形式表现，
分词（过去/现在分词）
英语句子只能有一个主谓结构若出现更多动词，则：
加连词（and / but / s…）
放入从句中，做从句谓语
“非”谓语动词，虽然不做谓语，但具备动词的特征，即：时态变化与语态变化
在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
他们边唱边说向公园走去。
表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
They went t the park, singing and talking.
做完作业，他开始打篮球。
Having dne his hmewrk, he played basketball.
动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生
正在被讨论的问题很重要。
与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作
The prblem being discussed is very imprtant.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
Having been tld many times, the naughty by made the same mistake.
发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作
The man speaking t the teacher is ur mnitr’s father.
正与老师谈话的人是我们班长的父亲。
分词短语做定语，放在名词后
表示进行的动作是进行时
The film being shwn in the cinema is exciting. The present situatin is inspiring.
也可能是现在分词做表语
Can yu hear her singing the sng in the next rm? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, ntice, bserve, listen t, lk at, leave, catch 等动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语
(While) Wrking in the factry, he was an advanced wrker. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
Being a League member, he is always helping thers. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
He stayed at hme, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
(If) Playing all day, yu will waste yur valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
He drpped the glass, breaking it int pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
He went swimming the ther day. 几天前他去游泳了。
Thugh raining heavily, it cleared up very sn. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
I waiting fr the bus, a bird fell n my head. 等车时，一只鸟落到我头上。with (withut) +名词（代词宾格）+分词With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
Judging frm (by) his appearance, he must be an actr. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 Generally speaking, girls are mre careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
Our class went n an rganized trip last Mnday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Thse elected as cmmittee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前；过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
The windw is brken. 窗户破了。 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。The windw is brken.（系表） The windw was brken by the by.（被动）
注意be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
这类过去分词有：gne, cme, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
biled water（开水）
fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived gds（新到的货）
the risen sun（升起的太阳）
I heard the sng sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
Praised by the neighbrs, he became the pride f his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。Once seen, it can never be frgtten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。Given mre time, I’ll be able t d it better. 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。 Thugh tld f the danger, he still risked his life t save the by. 虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。Filled with hpes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。
All bks returned at the end f the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。The field plughed, he began t spread seed. 地耕好了，他开始撒种子
过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格
“with+宾语+宾语补足语”
with+宾语+形容词
He ften sleeps with the windws pen. 他常开着窗睡觉。 Dn’t speak with yur muth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
He std befre his teacher with his head dwn. 他低着头站在老师面前。 He was lying n the bed with all his clthes n. 他和衣躺在床上。
He died with his daughter yet a schlgirl. 他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。
with+宾语+介词短语
She said gd-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。 He was asleep with his head n his arms. 他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
with+宾语+现在分词
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。 I wn’t be able t g n hliday with my mther being ill. 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。
with+宾语+过去分词
He sat there with his eyes clsed. 他闭目坐在那儿。 All the afternn he wrked with the dr lcked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
with+宾语+不定式
I can’t g ut with all these clthes t wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。 With s many peple t help us, we are sure t finish it in time. 有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。
With the meeting ver，we left the meeting-rm.会议结束后，我们离开了会议室。With the teacher ill，we have t study by urselves.由于老师生病了，我们不得不自学。With time permitting，we will visit the summer Palace.如果时间许可的话，我们将参观颐和园。He entered the rm with his nse red with cld.他进屋来了，鼻子都冻红了。
“with+复合宾语结构”作状语
表示行为方式或伴随、表示时间、表示原因、表示条件、表示补充说明
The wman with a baby in her arms is Li Ping’s mther.抱小孩的那个妇女是李平的母亲。The suthern part f the island is a separate cuntry，called the Republic Ireland with Dublin as its capital.该岛南部则是另外一个国家，叫做爱尔兰共和国，首都是都柏林。
“with+复合宾语结构”作定语
The next mrning the lake was fund with a thin sheet f ice n.第二天早上，人们发现湖面上结了一层冰。She saw a brk with red flwers and green grass n bss sides.她看见一条小溪，两岸长满红花绿草。
“with+复合宾语结构”作作主语补足语和宾语补足语
D yu knw the wman talking t Tm ? = D yu knw the wman wh is talking t Tm ? The sldier wunded in the war has becme a dctr. = The sldier wh was wunded in the war has becme a dctr.China is a develping cuntry and America is a develped cuntry.
现在分词与过去分词的区别
现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： The news sunds encuraging . They gt very excited . 常作表语的过去分词： amused , injured , cvered , knwn , dressed , lst , brken , gne , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , wrried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crwded , wunded , drank , dne
The situatin in ur cuntry is encuraging . (现在分词作表语) The situatin in ur cuntry is encuraging the peple . ( 现在进行时) My jb is lking after the little baby . (动名词)
现在分词、动名词、现在进行时的区别
能回答hw-questin 的是现在分词能回答what-questin 的动名词既不能回答hw-questin 也不能回答what-questin 的是现在进行时
have smething t d 有某事要做 have smething dne 使某事被做 have smebdy d smething 使某人做某事 have smething ding 让某事一直做着
I seated myself n the chair . I was seated n the chair .
需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词
Having finished the hmewrk , I went hme . Being a Party member , I shuld wrk hard . Given mre time ,I can d my wrk better . He ran ut f the classrm ,shuting at the by. T get mre knwledge , we must wrk harder and harder . He is ld enugh t jin the army .
分词做状语与不定式的区别
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。
a running hrse现在分词 = a hrse that is running a fallen leaf过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick动名词 = a stick fr walking smething t d不定式 = smething that I shuld d
分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
I have a prblem t be discussed at the meeting . The building being built n the river is the Science Museum . The building cmpleted three years ag is nw in bad cnditins .
不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别
Seeing frm the hill , the city lks beautiful Seen frm the hill , the city lks beautiful . 解析：Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系
分词做状语，分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
分析句子结构, 辨别“谓与非谓”
一、判断形式，找固定搭配 当非谓语动词充当宾语时，可以先看谓语动词有无固定搭配。二、找逻辑主语，判断主被主被动关系（与句子主语的关系、与逻辑主语的关系） 分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。三、比较两个动作，分析非谓语动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序
看搭配、找主被、定先后