八年级上册Unit 2 Keeping HealthyTopic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking.教学设计及反思

这是一份八年级上册Unit 2 Keeping HealthyTopic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking.教学设计及反思，共9页。教案主要包含了重点短语，重点句型，重点语法等内容，欢迎下载使用。



学科组长签字（日期）：

教学主管签字（日期）：
学科
英语
年级
八
教师姓名
讲授章节/知识点
U2T2
教学目标
学会使用情态动词must，must nt，can，may
能就“健康生活方式”的话题进行表达与交流
知识框架
【重点短语】
stay up late 熬夜到很晚
d mrning exercises 做早操
thrw litter arund 到处乱扔垃
read in the sun 在太阳下读书
in the newspaper在报纸上
give up ding sth.放弃做某事
shw sth. t sb.=shw sb. sth.把某物展示给某人
It’s +adj.+ fr sb. t d sth.对某人来说做某事……
be careful nt t d sth.小心不要做某事
frce sb. t d sth.迫使某人做某事
leave fr sp. 前往某地
as sn as… 一……就……
get/be mad 发疯
be surprised t d sth. 惊奇于做某事
in fact 事实上
16.as sn as pssible 尽可能快的
【重点句型】
1.Staying up late is bad fr yur health.熬夜到很晚对你的健康有害。
2.I must have a gd rest.我一定要好好休息。
3.Yu’d better nt read in the sun.你最好不要在太阳下读书。
4.I must ask him t give up smking.我一定让他放弃抽烟。
5.He thinks smking can help him relax.他认为抽烟可以帮他放松。
6.It may even cause cancer.它甚至导致癌症。
7.May I brrw yur newspaper and shw it t my father?
我可以借你的报纸给我爸爸看看吗？
8.Hw terrible!多么糟糕呀！
9.It’s bad fr yur health.这对你健康有害。
10.It will keep yu active during the day.它会使你一天之间保持活跃。
【重点语法】
1.情态动词must及其否定形式 must nt must 译为“必须做”
其否定意义“不必做”，用dn't have t/needn't/dn't need t表示，而不用must nt 。
如：--Must Ifinish it tnight?
--N, yu dn't have t.
must nt 译作“禁止做”。
如：Yu must nt thrw litter abut.=Dn't thrw litter abut.
别到处乱扔垃圾。
2.情态动词may
①表示请求允许，译作“可以”。
如：May I cme in? 我可以进来吗？
②表示推测，译作“可能”。
如：Yu may get a headache when yu wrk t hard.
当你工作太累时你可能回感到头疼。
SectinA
1. I watched a sccer game n TV last night and went t bed very late.昨天晚上我在电视上看了场足球赛，很晚才上床睡觉。
watch 主要用于观看电视节目、球赛、游戏和话剧等。如:
We watched a play in the theater yesterday.我们昨天在剧院看了一场话剧。
[辨析]watch, read, see和 lk
(1)read主要用于读书、看报等。如:
My mther likes reading newspapers.我妈妈喜欢看报纸。
(2)see和watch有相似之处，用于观看比赛、电视节目、演出、电影等，但是see主要强调看的结果。如:
I saw Mr. Lee leave the schl just nw.刚才我看见李老师离开学校。
(3)lk意为“看，瞧”，是不及物动词，强调看的动作。如:
Please lk at the blackbard.请看黑板。
2. Staying up late is bad fr yur health.熬夜对你的健康有害。
(1)stay up late意为“熬夜”。此句是动名词短语在句中作主语。动词作主语时要用动名词或动词不定式形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如:
T keep healthy eating habits is necessary fr us.保持健康的饮食习惯对我们非常必要。
(2) be bad fr 意为“对……有害”;其反义词组为be gd fr意为“对……有益，对……有好处”。如:
Washing hands befre meals is gd fr ur health.饭前洗手对我们的健康有益。
3. I must have a gd rest.我必须好好休息一下。 must是情态动词,意为“必须,应该;一定要”,后接动词原形。表示说话人的意志和义务或表示
说话人强烈的要求和命令。如:
We must study hard.我们必须努力学习。
Yu must say srry t me fr that.你必须为那事
[拓展](1 ) must 的否定式为must nt ,
向我道歉。
缩写为mustn't，意为“不应该，不准;禁止”等。构成疑问句时，只需将must置于主语前，在句尾加问号。肯定回答一般用must，否定回答用 needn't 或dn't have t。如:
-Must I g nw?我现在必须走吗?
一Yes, yu must./N, yu needn't /dn't have t.是的，你必须走。/不，你不必。
(2)must可以用来表示肯定的推测，其否定式为can't。如:
The light is still n. He must be at hme.灯还亮着，他肯定在家。
The light isn't n. He can't be at hme.灯没有亮，他肯定不在家。
4.washing hands befre meals饭前洗手
（1）meal意为“餐，一顿饭”。如:
Lunch is his main meal f the day.午饭是他的正餐。
（2）befre meals 意为“饭前”;befre 意为“在……之前”，为介词，其后可接名词、代词代词或动名词短语，也可以接时间。
[链接]breakfast, lunch, supper分别表示早饭、午饭、晚饭，且前面通常不加冠词，但如果前面有修饰词，可以加冠词。如:
have breakfast 吃早饭
have a big breakfast吃一顿丰盛的早饭 after supper晚饭后
5. ging t schl withut breakfast不吃早饭去上学
withut 是介词，意为“没有，缺乏”，后面跟名词/代词/动名词，一起构成介词短语，常用于句末作状语。如:
I went shpping withut taking my daughter.我去购物没带我女儿。
withut 表示“没有”时，表条件，相当于一个条件从句。如:
We can't live withut water.=We can't live if we dn't have any water.没有水我们无法生存。
[链接]withut的反义词为with，意为“有”。如:
The girl with lng hair is my sister.留长头发的那个女孩是我的姐姐。
SectinB
1. Yes, he thinks smking can help him relax.是的，他认为吸烟能帮助他放松。
这是一个主从复合合句，从句是省略了that 的宾语从句。
情态动词can 表示能力，意为“能;会”。可和be able t互换，后者有更多的时态变化。如:
I can fly a kite.=I am able t fly a kite.我会放风筝。
[拓展](1)表示允许，意为“可以”“能够”，在口语中代替may。如:
Can/May I use yur pen?我可以用一下你的笔吗?
(2)表示“可能性”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。如:
Can it be true?那会是真的吗?
2. Lk, the article says smking is bad fr ur lungs and it can even cause cancer.看，文章上说抽烟对我们的肺有害，它甚至能导致癌症。
(1)本句为复合句，主句的主语为the article,谓语为says，句子“smking is bad fr ur lungs'为宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序，says后面省略了引导词that。
(2)say在此处指书面材料,文字记载上的“说”，表示文字材料或可见的东西提供信息、指示等均可用say。如:
The guidebk says we shuld turn left.旅游指南上说我们应向左拐。
(3)cause这个词有两种词性，在此处是动词。
①作动词，意为“使发生，造成，引起，导致”表示造成的结果或发生的事情。多接名词、代词作宾语，也可接双宾语或接不定式的复合结构作宾语。如:
The bad weather caused prblems fr many farmers.恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。
What caused her t cry?是什么导致她哭泣?
②作名词,意为“原因,起因”时是可数名词，意为“理由，缘故”时为不可数名词。如:
Drunk driving is ne f the mst cmmn causes f traffic accidents.酒后驾车是导致交通事故最常见的原因之一。
Yu have n cause t cry.你没理由哭。
3. I must ask him t give up smking.我一定得让他戒烟。
give up ( ding ) sth.意为“放弃做某事”。
如: Li Lei gave up playing basketball.李雷放弃了打篮球。
give up接人称代词时将人称代词放在两词中间。如:
I dn't like histry, s I want t give it up.我不喜欢历史，我想放弃它。
[辨析] must和 have t 都表示“必须，不得不”，但它们之间也有细微差别。
(1)must用以表示说话者命令或期待做成某事，没有时态和词形的变化。如:Yu must finish yur wrk befre 5:00.你必须在5点之前完成工作。
(2)have t用于他人发出指令或操纵的情况下，侧重指说话人个人的责任或义务，有各种时态和词形的变化。如:
Kevin had t have his lng hair cut because his teacher was angry with him.凯文不得不剪掉他的长发，因为他的老师生气了。
4. May I brrw yur newspaper and shw it t my father?我可以借一下你的报纸，把它给我爸爸看看吗?
may情态动词，意为“可以”的意思，表示允许或征询对方的许可。如:
May I cme in? 我可以进来吗?
在回答 may引导的疑问句时，肯定回答用“Yes, yu may.”。否定回答用“N,yu mustn't./ N, yu can't.”。
【拓展](1)在口语中，可以由can代替 may表示许可，而may更正式一些。
may表示可能，通常只用于陈述句。
He may be a farmer.他可能是个农民。
5. Drink enugh water every day.每天喝足够的水。
enugh 作形容词或副词，意为“足够的(地)，充分的(地)”。这里作形容词，修饰名词 water。修饰名词时放在名词前后均可;修饰形容词或副词时必须放于其后。如:
Dn't wrry. We have enugh time t get there. 别担心，我们有足够的时间到那儿。
We didn't leave early enugh.我们离开得不够早。
[拓展](1)enugh 作代词，意为“足够，充分”。如:
Have yu had enugh?你吃饱了吗?
(2)enugh t d sth.意为“足够……可以做某事”，此句式还可与s ... that ...(如此……以致…… )或t ... t ...(太……而不能……)互换。如:
She's ld enugh t decide fr herself.
She's s ld that she can decide fr herself.
她已到自己做决定的年龄了。
The light is nt gd enugh t take phts.
The light is t bad t take phts.
光线不够好不能照相。
SectinC
1. Be careful nt t eat t much salt r sugar.当心，不要吃太多的盐或者糖。
r是连词，意为“或，或者;还是”，用于表示连接选择替换的词、短语或从句。如:
Are yu cming r nt?你来还是不来?
Is it a by r a girl? 是个男孩还是女孩?
[拓展]r还有以下用法:
(1)用于否定句，提出两种或多种事物时的连接词。如:
Allen can't write r read.艾伦不会写，也不会读。
肯定句中，表示两种或多种事物时的连接用 and。如:
I like eating fruit and vegetables.我喜欢吃水果和蔬菜。
(2)还可意为“否则，不然”，用于警告或忠告。如:
Hurry up, r yu'll be late fr schl.赶快，不然你上学就要迟到了。
2. She said it might cause illness.她说它(吃盐和糖过多)可能会引起疾病。
illness 是名词，意为“疾病”。是由形容词 ill 加名词后缀ness构成的合成名词。常见的以 ness为后缀的名词有kindness意为“仁慈，好意”; happiness 意为“幸福”。
[辨析] illness和disease
illness 常指身体或精神上的疾病。如:
Bill missed a lt f lessns because f his illness.
比尔因生病耽误了很多功课。
(2)disease是名词，意为“病，疾病”。常指比较严重，持续时间久的疾病，常影响特定的身体部位。如:
Headache is nt a disease itself, but it may shw that smething is wrng with yur health.头痛本身不是病，但它可能会显示出你的健康有问题了。
3. ..., but her mther always frced her t drink it.……，但是她的妈妈总是迫使她喝(牛奶)。
frce sb. t d sth.意为“强迫/迫使某人做某事”。如:
Tm frced me t g there n ft.汤姆强迫我步行到那里。
4. ..., she had t drink a glass f milk because her mther was always watching her. ……，她不得不喝杯牛奶，因为她的妈妈总是看着她。
本句是一个主从复合句，从句是由从属连词 because引导的表示“原因”的状语从句，它既可以置于主句之后，也可以置于其前。置于主句之前时，常用逗号隔开，表示强调。
Adam was late because he didn't catch the early bus.
Because Adam didn't catch the early bus, he was late.
亚当迟到了，因为没能赶上早班车。
【拓展]because与介词f连用，也意为“因为……”，但是f的后面只能接名词、代词或动名词，而不能接从句。如:
They didn't g hiking because f the rain.因为下雨他们没去远足。
[注意]why提问时，只能用because回答; because 不能和 s 连用。
5. As sn as Michael saw it, he gt mad. 迈克尔一见到它就生气。
(1)as sn as 意为“一……就”。由as sn as引导的时间状语从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。从句位于主句前后均可。如果主句为一般将来时，从句多用一般现在时。如:
We will g back t schl as sn as the summer hliday is ver.暑假一结束我们就返校。
(2)get mad 在这里是个系表结构，由“系动词(get)+形容词(mad)”构成，意为“生气”。
6. He was surprised t find that it was delicius!他很惊讶地发现原来它也很好吃!
be surprised t d 意为“对……感到惊讶/意外”。如:
I was surprised t hear this news.听到这个消息，我很惊讶。
【拓展](1) surprise为动词，意为“使惊奇，使诧异”。如:
The news surprised me.这个消息使我感到吃惊。
(2)surprise为名词，意为“惊奇”“惊讶”; t ne’s surprise意为“使某人惊讶的是……”。如:
What a nice surprise!真是让人惊喜。
T my surprise, he is still alive.使我惊讶的是，他还活着。
[链接]be surprised at sb./sth.意为“对某人/某事很惊讶”。如:
We were all surprised at him because he went ut withut an umbrella in such a rainy day.我们都对他表示很惊讶,因为他在这样的雨天居然没带伞就出去了。
The teacher was surprised at what the by answered in the class.老师对那个男孩在课堂上的回答表示很惊讶。
SectinD
1. The smke frm cigarettes harms nt nly smkers but ther peple.香烟产生的烟不仅危害吸烟者，而且对其他人也有危害。
(1) harm v.,意为“危害，伤害，损害”;n.，意为“危害，伤害，损害”。如:
He wuld never harm anyne.他永远不会伤害任何人。
Hard wrk never d anyne any harm.努力工作对任何人都没有害处。
(2) nt (als)意为“不仅……而且……，既……又”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。该结构中的als有时可以省略。如:
We were nt nly hungry but als tired.我们又饿又累。
2.Smkers shuldn't use smking t help them relax.
吸烟者不应该用吸烟来放松自己。
use sth. t d sth. 意为“用……去做……”。如:
We ften use the dictinary t lk up the new wrds.
我们经常使用词典去查阅新单词。
3.They must give up smking as sn as pssible.他们必须尽快戒烟。
pssible 意为“尽量……地”，可以与 ne can互换使用。如:
Please write dwn yur answers as fast as pssible.
=Please write dwn yur answers as fast as yu can.请尽可能快地写下你的答案。
考点题型
基础题型
词汇。
根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
1.We shuld help the sick girl as p_______ as we can.
2. The chemicals n the vegetables are bad fr ur b_______.
3. We shuldn’t eat t much ice c_______.
4. Fruit is gd fr ur health. We like t eat w_______ in summer.
5. Many d_______ are caused by germs.
(B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. I like t eat _______ (ptat).
7. His _______ (ill) isn’t serius.
8. My sister likes t eat _______ (tmat).
9. _______ (sandwich) are frm freign cuntries(来自国外).
10. I am _______ (surprise) at the news.
二. 根据句意及汉语提示填空。
1. Ling Ling is reading an _______ (文章) abut cancer.
2. The dctr asked the ld man t drink milk _______ (没有) sugar.
3. In the ld days, the bss (老板) _______ (强迫) the wrker t d mre wrk.
4. I feel _______ (虚弱的) these days.
5. It’s _______ (必要的) t drink water every day.
拔高题型
一.阅读理解。
Many peple can’t get gd and enugh sleep because f the stress f wrking and studying. D yu ften wake up in the night? Can yu get up easily n time? D yu feel tired after getting up? Can yu put yur heart int the class? D yu feel sleepy during the daytime? If yur answer is yes, that means yu get a bad night’s sleep.
But hw t get gd and enugh sleep?
First, never drink cffee befre bedtime. Secnd, dn’t eat t much. Third, yu’d better take a shwer befre ging t bed. Furth, g t bed and get up at the same time every day.
Anther way is t cunt numbers (数数) in yur heart. It can give yu fast sleep. Lying n the bed fr lng desn’t mean yu will have gd sleep. It’s imprtant fr us students t get gd and enugh sleep. Less than eight hurs is nt enugh.
Let’s keep a gd sleep habit.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
( )1. The passage shws us ways t get gd and enugh sleep.
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
( )2. _______ can help us fall asleep quickly.
A. Staying up late B. Eating befre bedtime
C. Cunting numbers D. Drinking cffee
( )3.Feeling sleepy in class shws _______.
A. yu are nt interested in yur lessn
B. yu dn’t like the teacher
C. yu didn’t sleep well the night befre
D. yu have a bad cld
( )4.A child needs_______hurs at least fr sleeping every day.
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
( )5.The main idea f this passage is _______.
A.hw t get gd and enugh sleep
B. when is the best time t g t bed
C. why dn’t peple have gd sleep
D. we had better nt drink cffee befre bedtime
补全对话。
A：Gd mrning, Dctr Wang.
B：Gd mrning, yung man. What’s wrng with yu?
A：I have a stmachache.
B：1. ？
A：It began abut 2 days ag.
B：2. ？
A：N, I seldm have breakfast.
B：Oh, it’s nt gd. 3. ？
A：Yes, I like fast fd very much.
B：4. ？
A：Every day.
B：I see. Yu have a bad eating habit. Yu’d better change it.
A：OK. 5. . Thank yu!
真题加练
阅读理解
Yu are what yu eat
Keeping better eating habits can help yu reduce (减少) disease. A healthy eating plan means chsing the right fd t eat and preparing fd in a healthy way.
_______________________
D yu ften change yur tthbrush? Maybe yu think it is nt necessary. A study shws ld tthbrushes bring disease. Yu shuld ften change yur tthbrush.
Exercise
Swimming, running, skating, skiing, dancing, walking and sme ther activities can help yu stay healthy. Yu shuld exercise at least three times a week and fr twenty minutes r mre each time. D it.
Plan ut yur life
Yu shuld have breakfast befre yu g t schl. Have a prper (合适的) meal fr lunch. Fllw a healthy diet.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
( )31. What’s the passage mainly abut?
A.Healthy fd. B. Healthy lifestyle (生活方式).
C. Junk fd. D. Healthy sprts.
( )32. What is the best title (标题) fr the secnd paragraph?
A. Man’s disease B. Disease
C. Watch the tthbrush D. Yur bathrm
( )33. At least hw lng shuld yu exercise each time?
A. Twenty minutes. B. Fifteen minutes.
C. Ten minutes. D. Five minutes.
( )34. Frm the passage, we knw _______ can help us stay healthy.
A. prper diet B. exercise
C. sleep and exercise D. A and B
( )35. What des a healthy eating plan mean?
A. Chsing the right fds.
B. Cking the fds in a healthy way.
C. Never eat meat r fresh vegetables.
D. Bth A and B.
课后反思