人教版八年级英语下册 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum 知识点

这是一份人教版八年级英语下册 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum 知识点，共23页。
【课前热身】一、英汉短语互译。1.__________ 在夜晚 2._________ 在一个更加自然的环境中3. __________ 一年到头;终年4. __________ 离……远 5. __________ 在黑暗中 6. __________ 在过去7. __________ 去过某地 8. __________ 科学博物馆 9. __________ 历史博物馆10. __________ 游乐园 11. __________ 去不同的地方 12. __________ 去滑冰 13. ___________________ 一个过周六下午的好方法 14. learn about sth. __________15. ___________________ 所有的古老的电影摄影机 16. put up a tent __________二、重点句型。1. Have you ever been to...?例句：Have you ever been to a science museum? 翻译：____________________________？2. Let’s …例句：Let’s go somewhere different today.翻译：____________________________。【课堂探究】一、区分 have/has been to与have/has gone to have /has been to 强调的是曾经去了某个地方并回来了； have/has gone to强调的是去了某个地方还没有回来。--Have you ever been to Shanghai? --Yes, several times. -- Where is Mr. Wang?-- He has gone to Shanghai.二、take的用法1、take 表示“乘、坐”某一交通工具。如: My father usually takes a bus to work. 我爸爸常乘公共汽车去上班。Which bus do you often take? 你经常乘哪一路公共汽车?注意: take 和 by 都有“乘、坐”之意。 take 是一个动词,后面接具体的交通工具,且在表示该交通工具的名词前一般应有冠词等修饰语;而 by 是一个介词,它后面所跟的表示交通工具的名词前一般不可用冠词等修饰语。 by 短语在句中修饰动词等作状语。如: 格林先生经常乘火车去上班。Mr. Green often goes to work by train. / Mr. Green often takes a train to work.2、take 表示“拿、取”之意,后常接宾语,它强调将某人或某物从说话地点带到其他地方去。如: Could you take my schoolbag to the classroom, please? 请你把我的书包拿到教室里去好吗?His mother often takes him to the bookshop. 他妈妈经常带他去书店。 注意:如果表示把某人或某物从别处带到说话地点时,应用 bring。如:Han Mei, please bring me a cup of tea. 韩梅,请给我端杯茶来。3、take 表示“花费时间”之意,其常用句型为“ It takes sb. some time to do sth. ”,意为“某人花多少时间做某事”,注意后面的动词前的 to 不可丢掉。spend，主语是人；cost主语是物；pay for意为“为…付款”如:It takes her twenty minutes to walk to school every day. 她每天步行去上学要花二十分钟的时间。4、含 take 的短语take exercise 运动;锻炼 take off 脱掉;(飞机)起飞 take a look (at) 看一看take photos 照相,拍照 take a seat 坐下,坐坐 take a walk 散步take a rest 休息 take down 取下 take away 拿走 take out 拿出练：1、Remember these new words ________him a lot of time.A. costs B. spends C. takes2、I have finished the homework. It ______ me two hours.A. cost B. spent C. took三、learn的常见用法learn about 得知；获悉 learn from 从…中学习learn to do sth. 学做某事 learn sth. by heart 记住四、lead to 意为“通往…”如：All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马。（彦）lead 领头；领先；指导；率领；lead sb. to +地点 “带领某人到某地”练：1. Children usually learn _______ at the age of one to two.A. walk B. to walk C. walked2. As is known to all, hard work leads _______ success.A. to B. on C. by五、neither也不结构：Neither +系/助/情态动词+主语，表示主语所做的动作与前面提到过的人或物相同。其中的系/助/情态动词在时态上与前一句保持一致。如：-I can’t swim.-Neither can I.若在肯定句中表示“也…”，则用“so+系/助/情态动词+主语”。如：I am a student, so is my sisiter.【当堂检测】一、根据句意提示写单词。1、 - I have never been to the Great Wall.- Me, n_______2、 -I have ever been to the amusement park twice.-Me, t______.3、 Have you ever been to a space ______(博物馆)？二、 用所给词的适当形式填空。1、 ______ (has) you ever ______ (be) to the Great Wall? 2、Where _______ (have) he _______ (go)? I can’t find him here.3、I________ (go) to Fun Time Amusement Park last year. 4、Harvey and his friend are going ________ (skate)5、They are going to ________ (take) the subway.【课前热身】翻译下列词汇：进步；进展 _______________ 发明v. __________________ 坐便器；厕所 _______________ 鼓励 ____________________ 茶艺 _________________ 茶具 ____________________收集；采集 _________________ 它自己 ___________________ 完美的；完全的 ____________ 和平的；安宁的 ___________ 社会的 ________________ 迅速的；快速的 ___________B. 根据首字母填空。1. She has a__________ finished her homework.2. Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck are the famous Disneyland c_______.3. Disneyland is an amusement park, but we can also call it a t________ park.【课堂探究】1)辨析discover, find out , inventdiscover一般指发现以前不知道但存在的事物，强调其探索性。find out指通过观察、探索而发现事物的真相，多指发现无形的、 隐秘的事请。invent发明，指以前不存、现在开发出的一种新事物。eg. Who __________ (发现) this lonely place?2) It was because I could speak English that I got the job. 此句运用了强调句型，强调了原因状语。强调句的结构是：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语。当被强调部分是人，且在句子中做主语是，可用who，也可用that，其他情况用that。eg. It was he that always helped me to get over the trouble.He bought the gift in Canada two year ago. (改为强调句)3）辨析such as 和for examplesuch as 表示列举（往往有几个并列的事物）。通常以整体之中的部分人或物为例，有时于like互换。for example 是以整体之中的一个为例来举例说明，在句中多做插入语。eg. a. I have travelled many cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.b. He likes sport, __________ football, basketball and baseball.c. Noise，__________ is a kind of pollution.【当堂检测】一、单项选择。1. My mother often encourages me ________ English as much as possible.A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. to speak2.—Do you often ___ your penfriend? --Not very often. A. hear from B. hear about C. hear of D. hear3. Neither of the two boys ______ from the USA. A. come B. don’t come C. comes D. doesn’t come4. Have you ever seen him ____? A. ago B. two days ago C. before D. just now5. His brother ______ for three months.A. has joined the army B. has been in the armyC. has become a soldier D. joined the army二、按要求改写下列句子1、China has changed a lot since 1991.(改为一般疑问句)________China______ _______ _______ since 1991.2、I have been to the space museum. (对划线部分提问)_______ ________ you been?3、The plane to Hong Kong took off.(改为否定句)The plane to Hong Kong ______ _______ off.4、He thinks I can find something on the Mars.(改为否定句)He_______ ______ I _______ find ________ on the Mars.5、I started studying English two months ago.(对划线部分提问)_______ _______ _______ _______ studying English?【课前热身】写出下列动词的过去分词。come ______ arrive ______ see ______ go ______ take ______ visit ______ try ______ be ______根据汉语意思完成句子。 他已经去过台湾了。 He _____ _____ _____ Taiwan. 他们来上海大约两年了。 They _____ _____ _____ Shanghai for about two years.【课堂探究】一、 延续性动词和瞬间动词英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语, for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中. eg. I've left Shanghai for three days. (×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days. ( √ ). I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai. ( √ ) 常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: . 将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg. 我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. . 若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下 come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear leave-----be away (from) buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member →My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years 二、fast, quick与rapid的用法区别三者均可表示“快”，其区别比较麻烦，归纳以下几点供参考：1. 表示人的动作之迅速，三者都可用，有时可换用。如：a fast worker 做事手脚快的人2. fast 表示“快”，侧重指速度方面。如：She ran as fast as she could. 她有好快就跑好快。注：询问速度或表示钟表走得快等，通常用 fast。如：My watch is 5 minutes fast. 我的表快 5 分钟。3. quick 通常表示某一动作来得突然或时间持续很短，有时还含有匆忙之意(但通常不指动作的频率)。如：She ate a quick breakfast and rushed off to work. 她匆匆吃了早餐就赶去上班。注：催人快做(快走等)，通常用 quick。如：Be quick! 快点!4. rapid 比另外两词要稍正式些，通常指突然或急速(且连续不断)的动作。如：He asked questions in rapid succession. 他连珠炮似地发问。另外 rapid 还有一个特殊用法，即指一种有益的高速度(相比之下，fast 和 quick 有时指无益的急速)。如：He made rapid progress in English. 他在英语方面取得了很快的进步。三、 encourage意为“鼓励，怂恿”encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人(做某事)如：encourage a man to work better 鼓励一个人更好地工作【当堂检测】1. China has changed a lot.（改为一般疑问句） _____ China _____ _____ _____?2. I have been to the space museum. (对划线部分提问） _____ _____ you been?3. Have you ever visited the Bird’s Nest? (回答） Yes, _____ _____.No, _____ _____.【课堂探究】一、 even的用法even 意为“甚至”可用于形容词比较级前，表示加强程度，可修饰形容词比较级的词还有：a bit，a little, much, a lot, still, even等二、 wonder的用法 意为“想知道，对…感到怀疑”1、 wonder + 特殊疑问句 “想知道，好奇”2、 wonder + whether / if从句“想知道是否…”3、 wonder + that从句 “诧异，惊奇”三、 辨析be able to与can 1、 be able to表示经过努力后获得的能力或能做某事，可用于将来时、完成时和过去时，时态较多。如：In the end，some of them were able to pass the exam.2、 Can表示能做某事，不强调能力，只用于一般现在时及一般过去时。如：At home he can do what he wants.四、 辨析with、by、in “用”1、 with，多指使用某种工具或用身体的某个部位或器官来完成某项活动。如：He cut it open with a knife.2、 by,指采用某种方法、手段，by doing sth.如：I learn English by asking the teacher for help.3、 In,指使用某种语言、采用某种途径或选用某种材料等如：Can you sing this song in English?【当堂检测】一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1、He _____ (be) to the History Museum several times.2、--________ you ever _______ (be) to the zoo?--Yes, I________(go) there last summer. I ________ (see) many kinds of animals there.3.—Where is Mr. Wang?---He ______ (go) to the library. He wants to borrow some library books.4. Xiao Ming _____ (plant) those trees. He _________ (do) it the day before yesterday.5. We ______ (learn) English for more than two years.二、单项选择。1. How long have you been _____English?A. study B. studied C. studying D. studyed 2. He called me up when I ______a shower this morning.A. have B. had C. have had D. was having3. I think Ann _____a supper star in only 2 years?A. is B. is going to C. is being D. has been4. Have you ever ______to travel around?A. take a train B. took trainC. by a train D. by trains5. The kids from mountains districts _______ never _______ computer games before. They’re so excited.A. have; played B. did; play C. are; playing D. do; play6. When I was fifteen years old, I got _____all kinds of stamps.A. to collect B. to collecting C. collect D. to 7、I want to tell Mike about the thing. But he just ______ it.A. wasn’t interested B. wasn’t interested in C. didn’t interest D. interested【教学反思】【课前热身】　一、英汉互译。1、__________东南亚 2、__________夜间动物园 3、__________四分之三4、__________一个讲英语的国家 5、__________做某事很困难6、__________在白天 7、__________好几次 8、__________现在；目前9、____________________一个有特别的主题的游乐园10、__________在公园里到处走11、__________ 听说 12、__________兜风 13、__________另一个省 14、__________鸟巢 15、__________鼓励某人做某事 16、__________数以千计的17、____________________一方面，另一方面二、 重点句型1、Whether..., you’ll...例句：Whether you like Indian food，Western food or Japanese food, you’ll find it all in Singapore! 翻译：______________________________________！2. One great thing … is that …例句：One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round.翻译：________________________________________。3、It is best to do sth.例句：It is best to visit Singapore...翻译：_________________________________。【课堂探究】一、 分数表达法 分子为基数词，分母为序数词，当分子大于1时，分母要加-s。如：one third 三分之一 three thirds 五分之三二、 辨析maybe与may bemaybe adv. “也许，可能”，常位于句首，做状语。如：Maybe he is at home。也许他在家。may be “大概是，可能是”，由情态动词may加动词原形be构成。如：He may be at home。三、 have problem （in） doing sth. 意为“做某事有问题或有困难”。如：You won’t have any problem in finding answers.你将轻而易举地找到答案。类似的结构有：have trouble （in）doing sth./ have difficulty (in) doing sth.四、thousand的用法如果thousand 前面有数字，就用：数字+thousand。thousand 不管是几千都不加s。thousands of：成千上万的。前面不加明确的数字。如：three thousand students 三千名学生 thousands of students类似的词：hundred、million等五、whether和if的用法分析whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如： I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you. Ask him whether / if he can come. 但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定区别。 1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用，而if一般不能。如： 正： Let me know whether you can come or not. 误： Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导，而不能用if。如： 正： Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. 误： If it is true or not, I can’t tell. 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则不能。如： 正： I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. 误： I don’t know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语，但if不能。如： 正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 误： I worry about if I hurt her feelings. 5. whether可以引导从句，作主语、表语或同位语，而if不能。如： 正： It was uncertain whether he would come. 误： It was uncertain if he would come. 正： His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet. 误： His first question was if Tom had arrived yet. 正： We must consider the question whether we will take these measures. 误： We must consider the question if we will take these measures.【当堂检测】一、按要求完成下列句子。1. They have ever been to an English-speaking country. (改为一般疑问句)._______ they ever _______to an English-speaking country?2. She has been a flight attendant for two years(对划线部分提问).______ ______ ________ she ________a flight attendant?3. His father has been to America twice. (对划线部分提问)._____ _____ _____has his father ______ to America?4. Linda is taller than any other girl in her class. (改为同义句).Linda is______ ______ girl in her class.5. improve, why, you, do, English, want, to, your (连词成句)___________________________________________.二、单项选择。1. There were many times visitors ________photos of the buildings in Hongcun.A. take B. taking C. took D. are talking2. —How long _______ in Shanghai? --Since the end of last year.A. did she live B. does she live C. has she lived D. will she live3. Jackie Chan _____to Holleywood a few years ago. A. went B. has been C. is D. was4. -- _______has Judy run the marathon? -- Three times.A. How far B. How soon C. How many times D. How long5、--Where is your father? --He ______to Korea. He _______ there twice before.A. has gone; has gone B. has been; has gone C. has gone; has been D. has been; has been6、A UFO landed in our city_______.A. two weeks before B. two weeks ago C. in two weeks D. before two weeks7、What ______job did he do?A. others B. the other C. another D. other