2025高考英语大一轮复习讲义人教版语法专题定语从句课件PPT

这是一份2025高考英语大一轮复习讲义人教版语法专题定语从句课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考点分层演练，语法链接写作，whichthat，whose，that，which，返 回，when，where，why等内容，欢迎下载使用。

在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
考点精讲一　　关系代词引导的定语从句
考点精讲二　　关系副词引导的定语从句
考点精讲三　　“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
A real friend is smene wh① walks in when the rest f the wrld walk ut.A real friend is smene whse② supprt we can cunt n.A real friend is smene wh① sees ur true self，nt just the face wh/whm/that③ we shw t the wrld.Yet these days，the mdern tls that keep us cnnected are eating away at the meaning f friendship.We may be able t make many friends nline，but these friendships can be quite shallw.Scial media like blgs has cme between us and the friends wh/whm/that③ we lve.
Texting and messaging cannt take the place f face-t-face chatting.“Sharing” ur experiences n scial media is nt enugh t express the values which/that④ matter mst t us.“Liking” ur friends’ phts nline des nt develp the cnnectin which/that④ we share.T make friends a real part f ur lives，we shuld put dwn ur smartphnes and meet them in persn.
①关系词指人作主语，可以用wh，that引导。若先行词为smene，anyne，ne等时，关系词只能用wh。②关系词作定语，用whse引导，既可以指人也可以指物。③关系词指人作宾语，可以用wh，whm，that引导。④关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用which，that引导。
1.wh，whm和whse引导的定语从句。(1)wh和whm都指人。wh在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whm在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用wh代替whm。(2)whse指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用f which代替，指人时可用f whm代替。Sme peple wh are successful language learners ften fail in ther fields.有些成功的语言学习者，在其他领域常常会失败。
I have many friends (wh/whm) I’m ging t send pstcards t.我有很多朋友，我打算寄明信片给他们。My eldest sn，whse wrk takes him all ver the wrld，is in New Yrk at the mment.我的大儿子目前在纽约，他的工作使他在全世界到处跑。
2.that和which引导的定语从句that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点：(1)6种只用that引导定语从句的情况。①先行词是all，everything，anything，nthing，smething，little，much，nne，few，the ne等不定代词时。②先行词被all，any，few，every，n，little，much，sme等修饰时。③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。④先行词被the nly，the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰时。
⑤先行词既有人又有物时。⑥当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。(2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。①引导非限制性定语从句时。②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。③先行词本身是that时。④关系代词后有插入语时。
3.as引导的定语从句as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the ，和结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。We have fund the same materials as are used in their factry.我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。These huses are sld at such a lw price as peple expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售了。
4.引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别
As anybdy can see，the elephant is like a snake.正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。The number f smkers，as is reprted，has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。She married again，which was unexpected.她再婚了，这是始料未及的。
5.定语从句中的主谓一致(1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。The recrder that has been given t me is hmemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。
(2)“ne f＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当ne前有the、the nly、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。He is ne f the students wh have made great prgress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。He is the nly ne f the students wh has made great prgress.他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。
1.BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.(2021·浙江1月)2.Dr Rwan， secretary resigned tw weeks ag，has had t d all his wn lady wh (be) standing behind the cunter is my sister.4. is widely accepted，in the Middle East Arabs greet each ther by tuching nses，but this is nt a plite way f greeting in ther cultures.
5.When they met again，the tw friends talked abut lts f things and persns they culd remember in the Mr Green read sme reviews f the play， said it was a terrible ne.
关系副词引导的定语从句
A recent survey has fund that many peple suffer frm sleep prblems.Sme are unable t fall asleep，sme wake up in the middle f the night，and thers simply d nt get enugh sleep.One f the reasns why① peple fail t get a gd night’s sleep is pressure frm schl r wrk.Nise pllutin and light pllutin in big cities may als cntribute t sleep prblems.In the shrt term，peple with sleep prblems ften feel tired and have truble cncentrating.In the lng term，they may be at increased risk f having a pr memry，being verweight and suffering a heart attack.
Sleep prblems are especially dangerus fr teenagers.They are still grwing，and night is the time when② their bdies grw faster.Teenagers wh d nt sleep well may experience situatins where③ bdy develpment slws dwn，and their health suffers.S，if yu have truble getting a gd night’s sleep，it might be time t make sme changes in yur lifestyle.
①先行词表示原因，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词why。 ②先行词表示时间，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词when。③先行词表示情况，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词where。
1.关系副词指代的先行词及其作用。
We live in an age when(in which) mre infrmatin is available with great ease than ever befre.我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都容易获得更多信息的时代。The schl where(at which) I studied fr nly tw years was three kilmetres away.我只在那里上了两年学的那所学校离这里有3 000米远。The reasn why(fr which) he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice.他没有通过驾照考试的原因是他缺乏练习。
2.有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，jb，pint，psitin，race，stage，situatin等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。They have reached the pint where they have t separate frm each ther.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
3.先行词ccasin意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。I can remember very few ccasins when he had t cancel a meeting because f ill health.我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。Taking her with me n fficial ccasins where many imprtant figures are present has been a challenge.在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。
4.当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。It’s nt what yu say；it’s the way(that/in which) yu say it.问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。5.关系副词与关系代词的选择。选用关系代词与关系副词时，首先应明确关系副词不可作主语或宾语。若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；从句的谓语是及物动词，而其后无宾语，就必须用关系代词替代先行词充当其宾语；若为不及物动词，则从句中不需要宾语，需要用关系副词。如：
(3)shuld的适当运用
分析　wrk与factry不能直接构成动宾关系，只有后面加上介词in才能构成正确的表达形式，wrk in the factry。因此可推知wrk为不及物动词。因此此处应使用关系副词where作地点状语。
典例1　The factry he nce wrked is clsed nw.
分析　该题从句谓语动词可以和先行词构成动宾结构set up the factry，所以set up 是及物动词短语。其后缺宾语，因此此处用关系代词that或which。
典例2　The factry he set up last year is perating well.
1.In the spring，a seasn we are learning new rhythms f life，many f us find cmfrt in the natural wrld.(2021·天津6月)2.They are nw in a situatin they need t make a practical evening， I will tell yu mre abut later，I ended up wrking very day，mentally exhausted，I wrte dwn all the reasns this prblem culd nt be slved.
“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句
As is universally knwn，high schl life is an imprtant turning pint and high schl campus is an imprtant place in which① students study and live.Here there are many kind teachers t whm② we can turn fr help when we are in truble.My classmates and I decided t d smething fr the cming graduatin.Having had a heated discussin，we agreed n making a vide with which③ we culd recrd ur experiences at schl.
Material cllecting tk us a whle week，during which④ we interviewed ur teachers and tk pictures f every aspect f schl life.Sme cmprmises were unavidable，but the vide turned ut perfect.That day n which⑤ the vide was played，it was well received.The students and teachers shared a great time，which surely gave us a great sense f achievement.
“介词＋关系词”可以引导定语从句，如果先行词是物，关系词用which，如：①③④⑤；如果先行词是人，关系词用whm，如：②。介词可以根据与先行词的关系进行选择，如：①③④⑤，也可以根据与从句中谓语动词的搭配进行选择，如：②。
1.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whm，指物时常用which。另外，whse也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whse＋名词”结构。He is the persn n whm yu can depend.他是你可以信赖的人。He was the man frm whse rm the thief had stlen his bag.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。Last Sunday I bught sme bks frm the bkstre，three f which were English nvels.上周日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。
2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定I bught a great many bks，n which I spent all my mney that I had saved.我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。(2)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定I’ll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定The clurless gas withut which we cannt live is called xygen.没有它我们就不能生存的无色气体叫氧气。
3.whse引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whse＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋f which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋f whm”。The newly built cafe，the walls f which(＝whse walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place fr us，especially after hard wrk.这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
【特别提醒】　定语从句与其他七种易混句型的区别(一)定语从句与并列句的区别两个句子之间若有and，but，s等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。1.She has written many nvels，sme f are interesting.分析　which　[which引导定语从句，修饰先行词nvels，“sme f which”在从句中作主语。]2.She has written many nvels，and sme f are interesting.分析　them　[此句为and连接的并列句。]
(二)定语从句与独立主格结构的区别定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。1.She has cllected many ld stamps，mst f are wrth thusands f dllars.分析　which　[which引导定语从句，修饰先行词stamps，“mst f which”在从句中作主语，后边有谓语动词are。]2.She has cllected many ld stamps，mst f wrth thusands f dllars.分析　them　[逗号后面没有谓语动词，是独立主格结构，不需要引导词，故填them。]
(三)定语从句与地点状语从句的区别定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。1.We yung peple shuld g t the place is in need f help.分析　which/that　[关系代词which/that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the place”，且在从句中作主语。]2.We yung peple shuld g we’re mst needed.分析　where　[where引导地点状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词g。]
(四)定语从句与时间状语从句的区别定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。1.I will always remember the days I lived with my grandparents in the cuntryside.分析　when　[when引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the days”，且在从句中作状语。]2.I always remember the days in the cuntryside I see the pht f my grandparents.分析　when　[when引导时间状语从句，修饰谓语动词remember。]
(五)定语从句与结果状语从句的区别在the 与结构中，as引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分；引导的结果状语从句中，that在从句中不作成分。1.This is such an interesting wrk f art all f us like.分析　as　[as引导定语从句，as在从句中作like的宾语。]2.This is such an interesting wrk f art all f us like it.分析　that　[引导结果状语从句。]
(六)定语从句与主语从句的区别定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。1. is knwn t everybdy，the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.分析　As　[as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整句话的内容。]2. is knwn t everybdy that the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.分析　It　[it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。]
3. is knwn t everybdy is that the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.分析　What　[what在此引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语，而后面的that引导的则是表语从句。]
(七)定语从句与强调句型的区别强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/wh在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。1.It was n the mrning f May 1st I met Liang Wei at the airprt.分析　that　[将句子改为： I met Liang Wei n the mrning f May 1st at the airprt.显然，这句话是完整的，故为强调句。]2.It is the factry Mr Wang wrks.分析　where　[此句是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factry前少介词in，故填where。]
1.William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm we can learn withut repeating them.(2021·天津3月) 2.Hua Mulan，the stry f has been tld by generatins in China，is a fighter frm the Nrthern Wei Dynasty (386－534) largest cllectin ever fund in England was ne f abut 200,000 silver pennies，all f ver 600 years ld.4.I have a new bk，the cver f is very nice.
1.I decided that if I learned f a cmpany used a lt f plastic，I’d send it an email urging it t cut back.(2021·新课标Ⅱ)2.At the Chinese art festival，there are different stands artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.(2021·天津3月)3.Many westerners cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
4.As ne f the smartest libraries in Shanghai，the new branch has the largest individual library building in China， size is 115,000 square meters.5. was reprted in the internatinal science jurnal Nature Medicine last week，the research was cnducted by a team led by Lin Hatian，a prfessr at the Zhngshan Ophthalmic Center f Sun Yat-sen University.
1.The ld man turned his business ver t his yunger sn， made his elder sn discuraged.2.I will never frget such a beautiful village I spent my childhd with my they met peple frm ther parts f the cuntry， had als vlunteered t are many gd websites yu can check ut the latest in the science wrld.
5.He decided t g t Stanfrd because there were many pprtunities fr peple wanted t wrk in Silicn (香) fund wider ppularity during the Ming and Qing dynasties ______ it was used t fend ff diseases，insects，msquites and preserve peple’s the years，I have met sme interesting peple.Tw f the mst interesting peple were tw elderly sisters，Jan and Bernice，_______ way f talking abut peple inspired me.
8. an fficial dcument explained，tea is a fundamental cultural element t Chinese peple’s daily reasn the 12th lunar mnth is called la yue has a lt t d with the custm f is wrking with a grup f highly educated and skilled yung peple，mst f hld dctrate degrees.
1.But fr all its ancient buildings，Beijing is als a place ______________ welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life.(2023·全国乙)2.There was nce a twn in the heart f America all life seemed t enjy peaceful c-existence with its surrundings.(2023·全国甲)3.Kim Cbb，a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta，is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics __________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.(2022·浙江1月)
4.On the 1,100-kilmeter jurney，the man Ca Shengkang， lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident，crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces.(2022·全国甲)5.The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species _____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)6.When yu sleep，yur brain srts thrugh everything happened during the day，trying t link new experiences t ld memries.(2021·北京)
7.Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe，China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt ______ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.(2020·全国Ⅰ)8.In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almst lifelike.(2020·全国Ⅲ)9.The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane，fr example，frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum pened in 1759.(2020·新课标Ⅰ)
10.Their child is at the stage she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.(2019·天津6月)
There was a time 1. I was tired f learning English and disliked t speak English.And this was the reasn 2. my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的难忘经历。
1.先行词是time，指时间，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词when。2.先行词是reasn，指原因，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词why。
When I first came t the club,3. I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme.Frtunately，my guide,4. teacher was Yu Minhng，cmmunicated with me face t face.He，frm 5. I gained sme useful instructins，als shwed me a gd partner，and we gt alng well with each ther.
3.先行词是club，指地点，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词where。4.先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系，故填whse。5.此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空格前的介词frm可知填whm。
Gradually I adapted t the life there.Every day I wuld like t talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities 6. we did.I shuld be grateful t my father and the guide,7. encuraged me t fall in lve with English.Nw I feel it interesting t learn English，int 8.______I put my entire energy.Every day I read my wrds and passages alud.
6.此处为限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which。7.此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词my father and the guide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语，故填wh。8.此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指物，并在定语从句中作宾语，故填which。
In class I jin in English discussins.Befre I g t sleep，I recall the passages，thrugh 9. I can memrize a large number f new English teacher says，“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance，yu will cnquer English sner r later.”
9.此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子“I recall the passages”，故填which。10.此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面的句子“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance，yu will cnquer English sner r later.”并位于句首，意为“正如”，故填As。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句运用于写作
运用1　(2023·全国甲)孔子，又名孔丘，是生活在春秋时期的中国哲学家和政治家。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
典例1　(2023·新课标Ⅰ，Ⅱ)我一手拿着奖杯，一手拿着奖状，望着老师，老师对我竖起了大拇指，眼里闪烁着喜悦和自豪。With a trphy in ne hand and an awarding paper in the ther hand，I lked at my teacher，wh gave me a thumbs-up，with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride.
Cnfucius，als knwn as Kng Qiu，was a Chinese philspher and plitician wh lived during the Spring and Autumn Perid.
运用2　(2022·全国甲)6月8号的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
典例2　(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)你给我的诸多鼓励激发了我写作的动力。A great deal f encuragement which yu gave me inspired my mtivatin fr writing.
Wrld Ocean Day which/that falls n June 8th is aimed at raising peple’s awareness f cean cnservatin.
2.关系副词引导的定语从句运用于写作
运用　(2021·浙江1月)首先，我们会带你们参观我们的学校，然后在当地的一家餐馆吃饭，在那里你们可以尝尝地道的中国菜。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
典例　(2023·全国甲)孔子的影响在现代中国社会仍然可以看到，他的学说继续被研究和应用于日常生活中。Cnfucius’influence can still be seen in mdern Chinese sciety，where his teachings cntinue t be studied and applied in daily life.
First，yu’ll be shwn arund ur schl and have lunch at a lcal restaurant，where yu can have a taste f authentic Chinese fd.
3.“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句运用于写作
运用　(2022·全国乙)对于学生们来说，使他们学习受益最大的就是读英语书，他们可以从中学习在课堂上学不到的东西。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
典例　(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)那么，为什么他突然强迫我做一件我肯定会失败的事情呢？S，why did he suddenly frce me t d smething at which I was sure t fail?
Fr students，what is mst beneficial t their study is reading English bks，frm which they can learn what they can’t in class.