高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍：专题03 代词（练习及解析）

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专题03 代词
【高频考点解读】
在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。
【热点题型】
题型一 it的用法
例1、N matter where he is, he makes ________a rule t g fr a walk befre breakfast.
A．him B．this
C．that D．it
【提分秘籍】
1．指代时间、距离、自然现象等。
It is 6 miles t the nearest hspital.
(指距离)这儿离最近的医院有6英里。
It is very cld in the rm.(指温度)房间里很冷。
2．指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。
The Parkers bught a new huse but it will need a lt f wrk befre they can mve in.(指双方都明白的事情)
帕克一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作需要去做。
3．it作先行代词代替不定式、v.ing形式、名词性从句，作形式主语或形式宾语。
He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting wuld be held.
他没有弄清楚何时何地举行会议。
In my pinin，it’s n use arguing with him.
依我看来，同他争论没用。
4．表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjy，prefer，lve，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。
I’d appreciate it if yu wuld like t teach me hw t use the cmputer.
如果你教我如何使用电脑我将感激不尽。
5．用在一些习惯搭配中：如when it cmes t谈及，提及……；make it成功，达到预定目标；depend n it that...指望……；see t it that...一定注意到；务必使。
【举一反三】
Printing passengers’ names and ID numbers n tickets will make ________ hard t prtect their private infrmatin.
A．ne B．thse
C．it D．them
题型二 指示代词this(these)，that(thse)，such
例2、________is the pwer f TV that it can make a persn suddenly famus.
A．Such B．This
C．That D．S
【提分秘籍】
1．this，these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that，thse是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。
I was very busy thse days，but I’m free these days.
那些日子我很忙，但这些日子我很清闲。
2．指上文提到的事一般用that，指下文提到的事常用this。
I shall say this t yu：he is an hnest man.
我要对你说这一点：他是一个诚实的人。
He was ill.That’s why he didn’t cme.
他病了。那就是他没来的原因。
3．打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或yu。
4.this和that还可作表示程度的副词，意为“如此，那么”,相当于s，作状语。
I’m afraid I can’t walk that far.
我恐怕走不了那么远。
The bk is abut this thick.
那本书大约有这么厚。
5．such常放在句首作表语，意为“这样的人/事物”。
Such were her wrds.
这些就是她所说的话。
Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
这就是爱因斯坦，一个纯朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
【举一反三】
Usually there might be a lt f accidents in the heavy fg.I happened t witness __________ this mrning.
A．it B．thse
C．ne D．that
题型三 替代词it，that (thse)，ne (nes)
例3、—Silly me！I frget what my luggage lks like.
—What d yu think f________ver there?
A．the ne B．this
C．it D．that
【提分秘籍】
为避免重复，it，ne(s)，that，thse都可以用来代替上文出现的名词，但它们的用法不同。
1.it代替的是前面提到的同一名称的同一事物,即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。
My mbile phne is missing.Have yu seen it?
我的手机不见了。你看见过吗？
2．ne代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个，是泛指概念，所代替的名词是可数名词，其前面可带冠词或修饰语。如果代替复数名词，则用nes。
The ppulatin prblem may be the greatest ne in the wrld tday.
人口问题可能是当今世界上最大的一个问题。
—Which cards are yurs?
——哪些卡片是你的？
—The blue nes.
——蓝色的(是我的)。
3．that代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词相当于the ne，也可以是不可数名词，其前面通常不能有修饰语，但可以有后置定语。
Mary’s handwriting is far better than that f Peter’s.
玛丽的书法比彼得的好很多。
4．thse代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，只能指代可数名词复数，相当于the nes。
The cmputers in yur ffice are mre expensive than thse in ur schl.
你们办公室的电脑比我们学校的电脑要贵。
【举一反三】
If yu’re buying tday’s paper frm the stand，culd yu get________fr me?
A．ne B．such
C．this D．that
题型四 不定代词
例4、—Hurry up！There’s a bus cming!
—Why run？
There will be __________ ne in tw r three minutes.
A．anther B．ther
C．the ther D．any ther
【提分秘籍】
一、ther，the ther，anther，thers
二、bth，either，all，nne
三、nne，nthing，nbdy，n ne
(1)nne＝nt any，nt ne一点也没有；一个也没有，即数量概念。既可指人，也可指物，代指上文提到的事物，含特指概念。
He wants me t lend him sme mney，but I have nne at hand.
他想要我借些钱给他，但我现在手头上一个子儿也没有。
The war brke ut.All the peple felt frightened but nne had left there.
战争爆发后，人们很惶恐但是没有一个人离开那儿。
(2)nthing＝nt anything，意为“没有任何东西；什么也没有”，强调内容，只能指物，泛指。
He felt hungry，but he culd find nthing t eat in the kitchen.
他饿了，但在厨房里他没有找到吃的东西。
(3)n ne＝nbdy只指人，“没有人”，不能指物，语气比nne强，后面不能接f构成的短语。
N ne/Nbdy likes a persn with bad manners.
没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。
(4)用于简略回答时，nne用来回答Hw many...或Hw much...引起的问句以及含“any (ne) f＋名词”构成的一般疑问句；n ne/nbdy用来回答Wh...问句及含anyne/ anybdy构成的一般疑问句；而nthing则用来回答What...问句及含anything构成的一般疑问句。
【举一反三】
－Jhn，when shall we meet again，Thursday r Friday?
－_________.I’ll be ff t Lndn then.
A．Either B．Neither
C．Bth D．Nne
【变式探究】
My brther wuld like t buy a gd watch but ________ was available frm that shp.
A．nthing B．nne
C．n ne D．neither
【高考风向标】
【重庆】2. The meeting will be held in September, but____ knws the date fr sure.
A.everybdy B. nbdy C. anybdy D. smebdy
【天津】2. The quality f educatin in this small schl is better than ______ in sme larger schls.
A. that B. ne C. it D. this
【陕西】13. T warm himself, the sailr sat in frnt f the fire rubbing ne bare ft against .
A. anther B. the ther C. ther D. either
1．(四川卷)She'd lived in Lndn and Manchester，but she liked ________ and mved t Cambridge.
2．(重庆卷)A smile csts ________，but gives much.
3．(浙江卷)An average f just 18.75 cm f rain fell last year，making________the driest year since Califrnia became a state in 1850.
4．(陕西卷)I'd appreciate ________ if yu culd let me knw in
advance whether r nt yu will cme.
5．(江西卷)—When shall I call，in the mrning r afternn?
—________.I'll be in all day.
6．(江苏卷)Gd families are much t all their members，but________t nne.
7．(安徽卷)Yu can ask anyne fr help.________here is willing t lend yu a hand.
8．(福建卷)In sme cuntries，peple eat with chpsticks，while in________，
knives and frks.
9．(大纲全国卷)—Wh's that at the dr?
—________is the milkman.
10．(浙江，11)Half f ________ surveyed in 16 cuntries say they g first t their clsest friend t share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
A．thesee B．sme C．nes D．thse
11．(辽宁，29)T her jy，Della earned first the trust f her students and then ________ f her clleagues.
A．that B．ne C．nes D．thse
12．(江西，23)________ can be gd at smething fr 40 years if he desn't lve it.
A．Anybdy B．Everybdy
C．Nbdy D．Smebdy
13．(山东，21)I've lived in New Yrk and Chicag，but dn't like _____ f them very much.
A．either B．any C．each D．anther
14．(陕西，22)Althugh Rsemary had suffered frm a serius illness fr years，she lst ________ f her enthusiasm fr life.
A．sme B．neither C．nne D．all
15．(天津，12)At ur factry there are a few machines similar t _______ described in this magazine.
A．them B．these C．thse D．nes
16．(四川，2)The traffic n the main street has a lnger green signal than ________ n the small nes.
A．ne B．this C．that D．it
17．(新课标Ⅱ，14)It's an either—r situatin—we can buy a new car this year r we can g n hliday but we can't d ________.
A．thers B．either C．anther D．bth
18．(重庆，31)Recycling is ne way t prtect the envirnment，reusing is ________.
A．anther B．the ther
C．ne anther D．ne
19．(安徽，27)This prject requires clse teamwrk.
________ will be achieved unless we wrk well tgether.
A．Nthing B．Anything
C．Smething D．Everything
【高考押题】
1．—Did yu finally reach the tp f the muntain?
—Yes. Even I myself didn't believe that I culd make ______.
A．ne B．it
C．that D．this
2．—Excuse me. Any bkstre arund here?
—Oh, lk, there is ________ ver there next t the cinema.
A．that B．ne
C．it D．anther
3．I dn't think ________ f his parents are at hme. They usually g ut fr a walk at the mment.
A．ne B．any
C．either D．neither
4．T knw mre abut the British Museum, ne can use the Internet r g t the library, r ________
A．neither B．sme
C．all D．bth
5．—Keep ________ in mind that yu have t be hme by 10 'clck.
—OK, I will.
A．it B．this
C．ne D．these
6．While traveling, Peter never enjys visiting large cities because he thinks ne city
is much like ________.
A．the ther B．anther
C．the thers D．thers
7．I wuld appreciate ________， t be frank, if my cell phne culd be fixed as sn as pssible.
A．yu B．it
C．this D．myself
8．—There are n relative articles n the Internet. What shall we d?
—My Gd! There are always nt any useful articles when yu want ________.
A．ne B．it
C．that D．any
9．We shuld make full use f whatever happens t us. There is always ________ t learn frm every experience.
A．nthing B．anything
C．smething D．everything
10．—Hw d yu find yur new classmates?
—Mst f them are kind, but ________ is s gd t me as Bruce.
A．nne B．n ne
C．everyne D．smene
11. The Smiths prefer a huse in the cuntry t spend their late years t ________ in a large city.
A. ne B. it
C. thse D. this
12． D yu like ________ when smene speaks t yu withut lking at yu?
A.that B.him
C.it D.thse
13. Yur new teacher will be a nice yung wman, ________ all f yu will like.
A. ne B. the ne
C. that D. she
14. —Which d yu prefer, tea r cffee?
—________. I really dn't mind.
A. Bth B. Nne
C. Neither D. Either
15．Mr. Green asked me t brrw a bk fr him，______
__ abut hw t be a gd vlunteer.
A. it B. ne
C. nes D. which
16．—Can yu lend me an eraser?
—Srry, I haven't gt ________.
A.this B.it
C.that D.ne
17. Peple think that the beauty f the muntains is greater than ________ f the desert.
A. ne B. the ne
C. thse D. that
18．The party last mnth really gave me a lt f fun.S can we have ________ this mnth, Mr. James?
A.any B．ne
C.anther D.the ther
19．He walks and talks like he's ________.But all f us knw he's nbdy.
A.anybdy B.smebdy
C.everybdy D.nbdy
20． If we see this cnflict nly frm ne side r ________， we will be blind t the truth.
A. any ther B. ther
C. thers D. the ther