高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍：专题02 冠词（练习及学案）

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专题02 冠词
【高频考点解读】
冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题，而且基本都设两空。一般情况下，试题的情景较为曲折，句式以复合句为主。另外，在短文改错和语法填空中也常常涉及冠词的考查。考查要点主要包括：
1．考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。
2．考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。
3．考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。
4．考查零冠词的运用。另外，还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。
【热点题型】
题型一 不定冠词a，an的用法
例1、He missed ________ gld in the high jump，but will get ________ secnd chance in the lng jump.
A．the；the B．/；a
C．the；a D．a；/
【提分秘籍】
1．表示“某一个”，相当于sme，译为“一个”。
—Culd yu tell me the way t the Jhnsns，please?
——请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？
—Srry，we dn’t have a Jhnsn here in the village.
——对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。
2．a＋mst表示“很”，“非常”。
—Did yu enjy yurself yesterday?
——你昨天玩得开心吗？
—Yes，as yu knw，the party went n in a mst pleasant atmsphere.
——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在非常愉快的气氛中进行的。
3．序数词前一般加定冠词the表示顺序，但序数词前可加不定冠词a(n)，表示“另一个；又一个”。
In rder t find a better jb，he decided t study a secnd freign language.
为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定学习另一门外语。
4．有些不可数名词如knwledge，cllectin，understanding等是由其动词转化而来，它们后面加f...时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。
Tm wns a larger cllectin f bks than any ther student in ur class.
在我们班中，汤姆收集的书最多。
Many peple agreed that a knwledge f English is a must in internatinal trade tday.
许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易中，英语知识是必备的知识。
【举一反三】
—Did Susan visit yu again ________ fllwing year?
—N，it was almst ten years befre she came t see me ________ secnd time.
A．the；a B．the；/
C．/；the D．/；a
题型二 定冠词the的用法
例2、—It’s said Jhn will be in a jb paying ver $ 60,000 ________ year.
—Right，he will als get paid by ________ week.
A．the；the B．a；the
C．the；a D．a；a
【提分秘籍】
1．用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。
The earth mves arund the sun.
地球围绕太阳转。
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephn
e in 1876.
1876年亚历山大·贝尔发明了电话。
【温馨提示】 有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空，nature自然，man人类等。
2．用在序数词和形容词最高级前面。
Yang Liwei is the first man wh has been int space in China.
杨利伟是中国登上太空的第一人。
3．by＋表示具体单位的名词前要用定冠词。
Cleaning wmen in big cities usually get paid by the hur.
在大城市里，女清洁工一般按小时计算薪水。
4．用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
It is nt rare in the 1990s that pe
ple in their fifties are ging t university fr further educatin.
在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修是不罕见的。
5．表示两者中“较……的”，比较级前应用the。
Tm is the yunger f the tw newcmers.T be hnest，I have never seen a cleverer ne.
汤姆是这两位新手中较年轻的一个。说实话，我从来没见到比他聪明的人。
【举一反三】
“________ match between these tw teams was exciting，”said Federer，“and we hpe t see ________ secnd.”
A．A；the B．The；/
C．The；a D．A；a
题型三 零冠词的用法
例3、Sam has been appinted ________ manager f the engineering department t take ________ place f Gerge.
A．/；/ B．the；/
C．the；the D．/；the
【提分秘籍】
1．复数名词和不可数名词表泛指概念时。
They are teachers.他们是教师。
Water is necessary t anyne.
2．称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时，不加冠词。常用名词有king，president，chairman，mnitr，head等。
Obama was elected President f the United States.
奥巴马当选为美国总统。
3．系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语，用零冠词。
After graduatin frm cllege he turned teacher (became a teacher)．
大学毕业后，他成了一名教师。
4．“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/thugh＋主语＋谓语”意为“虽然/尽管……，但是……”。
Child as/thugh he is，he knws a lt.
Althugh he is a child，he knws a lt.
尽管他是个小孩，但却懂得很多。
5．在独立主格结构的某一形式中。
The teacher came in，bk in hand (＝with a bk in his hand/hlding a bk in his hand/a bk (held) in his hand)．
老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。
6.man意为“人类”,wrd意为“消息”时,其前不用冠词。
Air is t man what water is t fish.
人离不开空气就像鱼离不开水。
The driver was at a lss when wrd came that he was frbidden t drive fr speeding.
当由于超速驾车而被禁驾的消息传来时，那位司机感到不知所措。
7.n与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。
As is knwn t us，there is n such thing as a free lunch in the wrld.众所周知，世上没有免费的午餐。
【举一反三】
The nly slutin t ________ glbal warming is t carry ut _______ lwcarbn ecnmy.
A．the；/ B．/；the
C．/；a D．the；the
【高考风向标】
【·四川】5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely t be Beethven.
A. a B. an C. the D.不填
【·浙江】2. Jane’s grandmther had wanted t write children’s bk fr many years, but ne thing r anther always gt in way.
A. a;不填 B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the
（江西卷）22. They chse Tm t be ___captain f the team because they knew he was __smart leader.
A. a; the B. the; the
C. the; a D. a; a
（天津卷）8. Life the like _______ cean; Only _______strng-willed can reach the ther shre.
A. an; the B. the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a
（浙江卷 ）2. The paper is due next mnth, and I am wrking seven days ______ week, ften lng int______night.
A. a; theB. the;不填 C. a; a D. 不填；the
（·新课标I卷）31. India attained ________ independence in 1947, after _______ lng struggle.
A. 不填; a B. the; a C. an; 不填 D. an; the
（·新课标Ⅱ卷)13. Fur and half hurs f discussin tk us up t midnight,and break fr cheese,chclate and tea with sugar.
A.a;a B. the; the C.不填；the D.a;不填
（·新课标Ⅱ卷)9. It may nt be a great suggestin. But befre _______ is put frward, we’ll make d with it.
A. a gd ne B. a better ne C. the best ne D. a best ne
（·浙江）15.Peple develp______ preference fr a particular style f learning at______ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A.a; an B. a;不填 C.不填;the D. the ;an
（·大纲卷）33.Fur and half hurs f discussin tk us up t midnight,and Break fr cheese,chclate and tea with sugar.
A.a;a B. the; the C.不填；the D.a;不填
（·大纲卷）28. The watch was very gd, and he 20 percent dwn fr it.
A. a gd ne B. a Better ne C. the Best ne D. a Best ne
（·福建卷)21. The "Chinese Dream" is ____ dream t imprve peple's well-being and ____ dream f harmny, peace and develpment.
A. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the
（·江西卷)32. Animals are bviusly ______ lwer frm f life than _______ man.
A. a ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ; /
（·山东卷)22. It was ______ cld winter night and the mn was shining brightly acrss ____ night sky.
A. 不填；a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填
（·重庆卷)32. The parents were shcked by______news that their sn needed______peratin n his knee.
A. A; / B. the; /
C. the; an D. a; an
【高考押题】
1．Let's g t ______ cinema—that'll take yur mind ff the prblem fr ______ while.
A. the; the B. the; a
C. a; the D. a; a
2．Sme peple fear that ______ air pllutin may bring abut changes in ______ weather arund the wrld.
A. /; the B. the; /
C. an; the D. the; a
3. Finally the climbers gt t_______ place which had never been visited by _______ men.
A.a; 不填 B．a; the
C．不填； the D.the; the
4．The persn in ________ charge f the prgram was at ________ cmplete lss when the incident happened.
A. 不填；不填 B．
C. the; 不填 D. the; a
5．My summer camp isn't ________ gd fun, but it is ________ real
learning experience fr me.
A. a; / B. the; a[来源:.Cm]
C. /; a D. a; the
6．On April 24th, 2011, Hu Jinta, ________ chairman f the P．R.C., and ther state leaders attended Tsinghua centennial (百年的) celebratin at ________ Great Hall f the Peple in Beijing.
A./；/ B./；the
C．the; the D.the;/
7． She studied ________ medicine befre she became ________ writer.
A.the; the B．the; a
C．不填； a D．不填； the
8．Early in ________mrning wrd came that Mr. Black had been elected ________president f the cmpany.
A. a；不填 B. the；不填
C. a; the D. 不填；the
9．Japan has been trying t bring its nuclear crisis under ________ cntrl, but ________ spread f radiatin has raised cncerns abut the safety f the nuclear energy.
A. a; the B. the; /
C. /; the D. a; /
10．Mst scientists seem t agree that ______ certain limit shuld be set n_______ cns
umptin(消费) f cars t ease air pllutin.
A.a; the B．/; the
C．the; / D．the; the
11．—Hw abut ________ party?
—Cl! It was really ________ great fun! Pity yu weren't there.
A．a; a B．the; a
C．the; / D．a; /
12．Opening the dr, Mrs. Summers fund ________ family f ________ cats shut in the bathrm.
A．a；不填 B．a; the
C．the; 不填 D．the; the
13．Have yu gt these jeans in ________ larger size? This pair is a bit t small arund ________ waist.
A．a; the B．/; the
C．the; / D．a; a
14．—Wuld yu mind giving yur advice n hw t imprve ur business management?
—If yu make ________ mst f the mdern equipment, there will be ________ rise in prductin.
A．不填；不填 B．the; a
C．不填；a D．the；不填
15．—Wh wuld have expected that a stry abut an 11yearld by wizard wuld turn int ________ multibillin dllar business?
—That's ________ magic f the Harry Ptter series.
A．/; the B．a; the
C．a; / D．the; /
16．________ 2010 Shanghai Wrld Exp was ________ hnr fr all f the Asians.
A．The; the B．不填； an
C．The; an D．不填； the
17．Beijing and ________ Eurpean Unin agreed n Tuesday t set up ________ wrking grup t prmte high-tech sales t China.
A．/；a B．the; the
C．the; a D．/; the
18．Cking calls fr ________ patience and time but it is ________ enjyable experience.
A．a; the B．不填；an
C．the; an D．a; 不填
19．—Excuse me, sir. Yu can't enter ________ ffice withut ________ permissin.
—But the manager is expecting me.
A．the; a B．an; the
C．the; 不填 D．不填；不填
20．He wants t see ________ much strnger China within ________ rest f his life.
A．/; a B．a; /
C．the; a D．a; the