高考英语:倒装句知识汇总(学案)
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这是一份高考英语:倒装句知识汇总(学案),共9页。
英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面,这称之为部分倒装。
本文总结一下倒装的几种常见的类型:
疑问句和特殊疑问句要倒装
Are yu cld?
Des he g t schl by bike?
注意:若疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语时,不倒装。
Wh is yur English teacher?
Whse father is a wrker?
There be 句型
在There+助动词/情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中,主语在谓语be动词后面,因此这是倒装。
There is a mbile phne and sme bks n the desk.
桌上有一个手机和一些书。
There are thusands f peple gathering n the square.
广场上聚集着成千上万的人。
注意 :引导词there 还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。
There lived an ld fisherman in the village.
村里住着一位老渔夫。
There stand tw white huses by the river.
河滨矗立着两座白房子。
There existed sme dubt amng the students.
学生中有些怀疑。
直接引语在句首
“May I cme in and take a rest?” asked the pr girl.
“Get ut f the rm!” shuted the angry wman.
虚拟条件句的倒装
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, shuld等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, shuld等移到主语前,构成倒装句:
Had yu cme yesterday, yu wuld have seen him.
若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。
Shuld yu require anything give me a ring.
如果需要什么,可以给我打电话。
Were it nt fr yur help, I wuld still be hmeless.
要不是你帮助,我会仍然无家可归。
注意:省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词
Had I mney, I wuld buy it. 假若我有钱,我就会买它。
全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
1) here, there, nw, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, cme, g, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。
例如:
Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。
Here is yur letter. 你的信。
2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,以ut, in, up, dwn, ff, away等副词开头,谓语动词是表示“移动”的g, cme, leave等句子里。
例如:
Ahead sat an ld wman. 前面坐着一个老妪。
Dwn went the small bat. 小船沉下去了。
注意:在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。
3)表示地点的介词词组位于句首,谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。
Suth f the lake lies a big supermarket.
湖泊的南边是一个大超市。
20 miles east f ur schl lies a mdern swimming pl.
我们学校向东20英里有一个现代化的游泳池。
4) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist….) 句型中。
部分倒装
1.句首为否定或半否定的副词或连词。
如n, nt,never, seldm, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, at n time决不, by n means, n n accunt, inn case, many a time, under n circumstances, in n way, many a time, ntuntil… 等。
例如:
He cares little abut his clthes.
= Little des he care abut his clthes.
他不在乎穿着。
I have never seen him befre.
= Never have I seen him befre.
= Never befre have I seen him.
我以前没见过他。
The mther didn't leave the rm until thechild fell asleep.
= Nt until the child fell asleep did themther leave the rm.
孩子睡着了,妈妈才离开房间。
(Nt until引出的主从复合句中,主句倒装,从句不倒装。即:后倒前不倒。注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。)
例如:
Churchill was nt nly a statesman, but apet.
= Nt nly was Churchill a statesman, but apet.
丘吉尔不仅是个政治家,而且还是个诗人。
I shall by n means give up.
= By n means shall I give up. 我决不放弃。
必背:表示“刚……就……的倒装结构
Hardly had he started t leave when it began t rain.
他刚要离开,天就下起了雨。
Scarcely had he sat dwn when his mbile phne rang.
他刚坐下,手机就响了。
N sner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes.
他刚交卷就意识到出错了。
Seldm is my sn late fr schl.我儿子上学几乎不迟到。
In n case shuld yu tuch it.无论如何你都不能碰它。
2.以否定连词开头作部分倒装
如 Nt nly…but als, Hardly/Scarcely…when, N sner… than等,前倒后不倒。例如:
Nt nly did he refuse the gift, he als severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物,还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
Hardly had she gne ut when a student came t visit her. 她刚出门,就有个学生来访。
N sner had she gne ut than a student came t visit her. 她刚出门,就有个学生来访。
3. s, neither, nr作部分倒装
表示另一主语“也…样”时,用“S +be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构;而表示另一主语“也不…样”时,用“Nr\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。
例如:
Tm can speak French. S can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语,杰克也会。
If yu wn't g, neither will I. 你不去,我也不去。
She wn’t g. Neither/Nr will I.
她不走,我也不。
注意:如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定,或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时,用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“S it is with +主语”结构。
4.nly+状语在句首倒装的情况。
nly+副词;或介词短语;或状语从句时,主句倒装。
例如:
Only then did I see life was nt easy.只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。
Only in this way, can yu learn English well. 只有这样,你才能学好英语。(nly+介词短语)
Only after being asked three times did he cme t the meeting. 叫了三次,他才来参加会议。
Only yesterday did he find ut that his watch was missing.(nly+副词)
Only when it began t rain did he finish his jb.(nly+状语从句)
注:如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。
例如:
Only when he is seriusly ill des he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时,他才卧床休息。
5. s… that,such…that引导的结果状语从句中,部分倒装。当s位于句首时,用”s +adj. + 主语+谓语”。
例如:
S frightened was he that he did nt dare t mve an inch. 他害怕得很,动也不敢动。
S difficult was the exam that mst f the students failed t pass it. 考试如此难,以至于大多数同学没能考过。
S stingy is she that nne f us likes her.她太小气,没人喜欢她。
6. s作“也”讲时,引导的句子用倒装语序,表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是:S + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语
She has been t Tky. S have I.
她去过东京,我也去过。
He can send emails t his frmer classmates. S can she.
他能电子邮件给以前的同学,她也能。
7. as, thugh引导的部分倒装
as / thugh引导的让步从句由于语法需要,可将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。
但需注意:
1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2)句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
例如:
Shrtest as/thugh she is, she is nt the richest.(倒装后,最高级前不用冠词)
Child as he is, he knws a lt.(倒装后,单数名词前不用a)
Fail as I did, I wuld try again.(倒装后,实义动词提前,在主语后添加助动词。)
注意:让步状语从句中,有thugh,althugh时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 thugh 和yet可连用。
当as作“虽然”解,引导让步状语从句时,必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。
句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式:
(1). 形容词或副词+as+主语+连系动词be或实义动词。
例如:
Rich as he is, he never spends a cent n clthes.
虽然他很富有,但他从不花一分钱在衣服上。
Much as I admire his curage, I dn’t think he acted wisely.
我虽然佩服他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
(2). 名词+as+主语+连系动词be (注意句首的名词不带冠词)。
例如:
Child as he is, he knws a lt.
尽管他是个孩子,但懂很多事情。
By as he was, he was chsen king.
尽管他还是个孩子,但却被立为国王。
(3). 实义动词+as+主语+助动词[如果没有助动词,则要加上一个d(des或did)]。
例如:
Try as he may, he never succeeds.
尽管他很努力,但总是不成功。
Change yur mind as yu will, yu will gain n additinal supprt.
即使你改变主意,你也不会得到另外的支持。
8.一些表示频率的副词(如many a time, ften等)位于句首时。
I have seen her taking a walk alne many a time.
Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alne.
我多次看到她独自一人在散步。
She ften came t my huse in the past.
Often did she cme t my huse in the past.
过去她常到我家来。
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