考点08 高考高频考点介词(含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义(北京专用)
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1. 高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
高考语法填空对介词的考查主要体现在两个个方面:
常见介词及短语的基本用法。
介词的固定搭配。
【备考策略】
1.熟练掌握介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。
2.掌握分析句子结构并根据上下文句意推断出设空处的具体意思的基本技巧。
【命题预测】
分析近三年高考真题可知,介词近三年在语法填空都有考查,可见其命题热度。且更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查。
介词概述
介词是一种虚词。表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。介词在句中单独作成分,后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。在句中充当定语、状语、表语或补语,表示人或事物之间的关系。
考点一介词的基本用法
1.介词分类
2.常用介词辨析
1. 表示“时间”的介词
at, n , in
at表示时刻、时间的某一点;at nn, at 7 ’clck, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmas
n表示具体的某一天,某一天的上、下午或晚上;n Octber 1st, n a rainy day, n Natinal Day
in表示月、季节、年,泛指上午、下午、晚上(在一段时间内); in Ming Dynasty, in September, in the mrning
befre表示“在……之前”;after表示“在……之后”。
I will be back befre lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。
by, until/till, by, until
by表示“在……之前,截止到……”;
until/till表示“直到……为止”;
by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成;
until表示动作持续到什么时候,在终止性动词的否定式中,二者通用。
Can yu repair my bike by Friday?你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗?
Yu can stay n the bus until Lndn.你可以不用下车,一直坐到伦敦。
We didn’t begin t watch TV until/till 7:00.直到7点我们才开始看电视。
The wrk wn’t be finished by/until tmrrw.这项工作明天才能完成。
fr, during, thrugh
fr表示“达……之久”,指经过多长时间,常和完成时连用;
during表示“在……期间或某项活动中”;
thrugh表示“一直……”,指从开始到结束。
They have lived here fr five years.他们已经在这里生活了5年。
She learned Japanese during her stay in Shanghai.她在上海逗留期间学会了日语。
They played cards thrugh the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
frm, since
frm表示“从……起”;
since表示“自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)”
The meeting will be held frm seven t nine.这个会议将从7点开到9点。
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。
I have been studying medicine since 2021.自从2021年以来我一直在学习医学。
in, within
in表示“在……后(未来时间)”;
within表示“不超过……的范围”。
He will be back in three hurs.他3小时后回来。
Yu must finish the test within an hur.你必须在一小时之内完成这项测试。
2. 表示动向和位置的介词
at, in,
at表示“在某地(较狭窄的场所)”;
in表示“在某地(较宽敞的场所)”。
at hme在家
at a factry在一家工厂
in Beijing在北京
in the wrld在世界上
n, abve, ver和belw, under, beneath
n表示“在……上面(有接触面)”;abve表示“在……上方”;ver表示“在……正上方”;under表示“在……正下方”;belw表示“在……下方”。
n the wall在墙上
abve the cluds在云端
ver the sea在海上
under the chair在椅子下
belw the surface f the water在水面下
by, near
by表示“在……旁边”;
near表示“在……附近”。
by me在我旁边
near the huse在房子附近
between, amng, arund
between表示“在两者之间”;
amng表示“在三者(以上)之中”;
arund表示“环绕(四周)”。
between A and B在A和B之间
amng the trees在树林中
arund the table围在桌边
in frnt f, ppsite, behind
in frnt f表示“在……前面/正面”;
behind表示“在……后面”;
ppsite表示“在……对面”。
in frnt f the classrm在教室前面
behind my huse在我家房子后面
ppsite me在我对面
in, int, ut f , up
in表示“在……之内”,
int表示“进入”;
ut f表示“从……到外面”;
up表示“向上移动”。
be in the classrm在教室里
ran int the classrm跑进教室
rush ut f the rm冲出房间
climb up the tree爬上树
alng, acrss, past, thrugh
alng表示“沿着”;
acrss表示“横穿(平面)”;
past表示“经过”;
thrugh表示“通过(内部空间)”其含义与in有关,。
alng the river/railway沿着河边/铁路
acrss the river横渡过河
past the city hall经过市政厅
thrugh the city/frest穿过城市/森林
t, fr, frm
t表示“到达……目的地或目标”;
fr表示“向……(目的地)”;
frm表示“从……(地点)起”。
get t the airprt到达机场
leave fr动身去
frm Beijing t Shanghai从北京到上海
3. 表示原因的介词
常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有fr, at, frm, with, by, because f , wing t, due t, n accunt f, thanks t, ut f, thrugh等。
fr, because f, at, ut f
fr:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reasn, famus等词连用。
I must aplgize fr calling yu s late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。
at:常表示某种表情的起因,常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。
Yu didn’t lked very surprised at the news f his failure.听到他失败的消息,你看上去并不是很吃惊。
He gt angry at her wrds他因她所说的话而生气。
frm:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因
Lts f peple suffered frm hunger in thse days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。
f:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。
I'm ashamed f myself fr being s stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died f cancer.他死于癌症。
with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后,表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。
Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。
by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。
by chance/accident意外,偶然地, by nature天生
because f:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
He didn't g t wrk because f his illness.由于生病他没去上班。
wing t:与because f 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子,可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。
They decided t pstpne the trip, wing t the change f the weather.
由于天气变化,他们决定推迟旅行。
due t:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与wing t同义,一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开,且不放于句首。
The team's success was largely due t her effrts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。
n accunt f:与because f,wing t同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语,但不作定语。
That was n accunt f lack f exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。
thanks t:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”,也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。
The play succeeded thanks t fine acting by all the cast.
由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。
4. 表示除之外的介词
besides表示“除了……外,还有……”,表示累加关系,指包括介词宾语在内;
except表示“除……以外”,表示排除关系,指从整体中除去一部分;
but表示“除……以外”,与except同义,但是比except的语气更强烈。
I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文,我还喜欢英语和数学。
Everyne is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外,所有人都在这里。
There is nthing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了3个鸡蛋外,什么也没有。
5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词
against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。
He is against yur pinin.他反对你的观点。
fr:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度,思是“支持,赞成”,与in favr f同义。
Are yu fr the plan r against it?你支持还是反对这个计划?
6. 表示方式的介词
in, with, by
in表示“用材料、语言”。
Can yu say it in English?
with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。
by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。
He prefers traveling by car.
他更喜欢乘汽车出行。
3 .重难易错常考介词
1.fr与f表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语
It is +adj. +f sb t d sth =sb. +be + adj. + t d sth当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时,用f。常见的形容词有 kind,gd,nice,clever,stupid,flish, cn siderate,plite,implite,cruel 等。
It was kind f yu t help us.=Yu are kind t help us.
你好心帮助我们,真是太好了。
It was silly f yu t trust such a man.=Yu are silly t trust such a man.你太愚蠢了,竟然相信这样一个人。
It is + adj. + fr sb t d sth当形容词说明不定式的性质时,用fr。常见的形容词有 imprtant,necessary,pssible,impssible等。
It wn't be easy fr yu t find a jb.对你来说,找一份工作很难。
It's imprtant fr us t learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。
2.不可遗漏的后置介词
在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。
The child has been taken gd care f in the nursery.
这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。
在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。
The prblem is well wrth paying attentin t.这个问题很值得关注。
在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。
I dn’t knw the girl yu referred t at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。
作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。
We have many new mdels t chse frm.
我们有许多新模型可以选择。
3. t与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。
如: t ne's delight/surprise/hrrr/srrw/jy/regret = t the delight/surprise/hrrr/srrw/jy/regret f sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某人……的是”。
Much t my surprise ( = T my great surprise),they ffered me the jb.
使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。
Much t ur regret, we will be absent frm the party.
非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。
考点二 介词和其它词类的搭配
1.介词和名词的搭配
① at+n. 表示状态
at peace 处于和平中 at ease 安心自在,不拘束 at drill 在操练
at randm随意地,胡乱地 at wrk 在工作 at play 在玩耍
② by+n. 表示方式
by hand 手工的 by mistake 错误的 by chance/accident 偶然
by design 故意地 by turns 轮流地,交替地 by surprise 突然(冷不防,出其不意地)
③ in+n.表示方式
in shape 在外形上 in cash 用现金付的 in brief 简言之
in detail 详细地 in general 一般说来 in persn 亲自 in tum 轮流,依次
in advance 事先提前 in vain 白费,徒劳
④ in+n 表示状态
in debt 负债 in rder 整齐 in cnditin健康
in dubt 怀疑 in danger 处于危险中 in surprise惊奇地
in public 公开的 in shame 由于害羞 in cmfrt舒适地
⑤ f +n. 表示特征
f value 有价值 f imprtance重要 f use 有用
f help 有帮助 f interest有兴趣 f ability 有能力
⑥ n +n. 表示状态
n guard 值班,警戒 n shw/display展览 n business 因公出差
n strike在罢工 n duty 值班 n leave/sick leave 在度假/休病假
⑦ ut f +n 表示状态
ut f sight 看不到 ut f mind 发狂 ut f danger脱离危险
ut f truble摆脱困难 ut f ffice 在野,不执政 ut f business 失业
ut f fashin 不流行 ut f rder 出故障 ut f debt 不欠债
ut f cntrl不受控制 ut f questin 毫无疑问 ut f breath 气喘吁吁
ut f cnditin 身体不佳 ut f date 过时
⑧ under+n.表示被动
under discussin/treatment/cntrl/attack/cnsideratin在讨论中/治疗中/控制中/被攻击/在考虑中
⑨ with+n. 表示方式
with pleasure愉快地 with delight 高兴地 with fear 吓得
with satisfactin 满意地 with difficulty困难地 with ease 轻而易举地
2.介词和形容词的搭配
① adj. + abut
be anxius abut 为……而忧虑 be certain/sure abut 对……有把握
be dubtful abut 对……怀疑 be enthusiastic abut 对……热情的/热心的
be hpeful abut 对……抱有希望 be incredulus abut 对……不相信
② adj.+ at
be quick at 做……敏捷 be slw at 对……反应慢 be surprised at 对……吃惊
be bad at 不擅长 be terrified at 受到……恐吓 be shcked at ……震惊
③ adj. + frm
be absent frm 缺席 be free frm 不受……影响
be safe frm 安全 be different frm 与……不同
④ adj. + fr
be anxius fr 渴望 be hungry fr渴望 be eager fr 渴望
be fit fr 适合 be unfit fr不适合 be thankful fr 因……而感激
be famus fr 因……而著名 be ready fr为……作好准备 be respnsible fr 对……负责
⑤ adj. + in
be weak in不擅长…… be strict in 对……严格 be rich in 含有丰富的……
be dressed in 穿着…… be successful in 在……上成功 be absrbed in 专心于
be disappinted in 对……失望 be experienced in 对……有经验 be expert in 在……方面熟练
be frtunate in 有幸
⑥ adj. + f
be ashamed f 羞耻 be aware f 知道 be guilty f 有罪的
be prud f 骄傲 be shrt f 缺乏 be sick f 厌烦
be tired f 厌倦 be wrthy f值得 be free f 免于
be shy f 对……感到害羞
⑦ adj. + t
be cntrary t 与……相反 be determined t 决定…… be equal t 等于 be familiar t 对……所熟悉 be favurable t 对……有利 be harmful t 对……有害
be different t 不同于 be similar t 相似,相似 be plite t 对……有礼貌 be rude t 对……无礼 be determined t 决定… be equal t 等于
be familiar t对……所熟悉 be favurable t对……有利 be harmful t对……有害 be similar t 相似,相似 be plite t对……有礼貌 be suitable t 适合
be rude t对……无礼 be married t 与……结婚
⑧ adj. + with
be ppular with 受……欢迎 be patient with 对……有耐心 be sick with 患病
be pleased with 对……喜欢 be crwded with 充满…… be cntent with 对……满足 be annyed with 对……烦恼 be familiar with 精通,熟悉 be friendly with 与……友好 be nervus with 对……紧张 be satisfied with 对……满意
⑨ adj. + n
be dependant n 依靠 be keen n 热衷于…… be severe n对……严格/严厉
3.介词和其它词的搭配
n.+prep. +n.
① n. +by+n.
side by side 肩并肩
step by step 一步一步地 ne by ne 一个接一个地
little by little一点一点地 day by day 一天一天地
② n. + after +n.
day after day日复一日地 year after year 复一年地
③ n. +in+n.
arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand手牵手地 heart in nes muth 提心吊胆
④ n. + t + n.
day t day 日常的 heart t heart互相交心地 face t face 面对面地
back t back 背靠背地 shulder t shulder 肩并肩地
⑤ in +n. +f
in fear f 害怕 in charge f负责 in hnr f 为纪念,为庆祝
in memry f 为纪念 in need/want/demand f需要 in place f 代替
in pssessin f 拥有 in search f 寻找 in case f 以防,万一
in cntrl f 管理 in danger f处于……的危险中 in terms f就而言
in respect f关于,涉及 in spite f尽管,虽然 in praise f表扬
例1.固定搭配
It prves that high-intensity exercise is mre suitable the yung.
例2.固定搭配
Lking frward, we shuld invest in new technlgies and innvative thinking that pen the dr a whle new wrld where we decrease reliance n fssil fuels.
例3.固定搭配
The tw girls are s alike that strangers find it difficult t tell ne the ther.
例4. 表目的
China has been pushing the refrm f public hspitals the benefit f all the citizens.
例5.固定搭配
I’d like t change this dress ne in a larger size.
例6.表时间
While riding his bike hme a cld night, he came acrss a sad-lking elderly wman wandering the streets by herself.
例7.表方式
Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia. In India, fr example, mst peple traditinally eat their hands.
1. The main elements behind the unpleasant situatin appear t be illegal hunting, land degradatin (恶化) and lack habitat.
2. She applied the classic patterns her wn mdern designs in a creative way after cnducting research int the variety f patterns fund n the murals (壁画).
3. All systems are gd cnditin, and the launch site is preparing t fuel up the rcket as scheduled.
4. We shuld wrk extra hurs n the prject t cmplete it schedule.
5. Hearing the bad news, he burst tears.
6. We have t achieve a balance envirnmental prtectin and ecnmic develpment.
7. Helen was walking dwn the street late the evening, her arms filled with grcery bags.
8. Everybdy was tuched wrds after they heard her mving stry.
9. The pwer ratining in Jiangsu als frced factries in the key manufacturing (制造业) industry t cut r even stp their peratins the end f the mnth.
10. (nt like) his father, Tny Blain is humrus and easy-ging.
11 If yu are nt ging t suffer this prblem, then I suggest that the next time yu g t yur mum’s hme dinner, get a few cking tips frm her.
12. The utput increased ver 200 percent.
1. He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby ther fd and made cheese and butter fr the family with what (leave). (所给词的适当形式填空)
2. Oranges: Orange trees are mre decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune ... Bamb plants are assciated health, abundance and a happy hme. (用适当的词填空)
3. High-rises decrate the city’s skyline, creating a distinct cntrast the ancient neighbrhds, temples, and buildings that were ccupied previusly by peple. (用适当的词填空)
4.China Chic, r gucha, features fancy designs mixed elements frm traditinal culture. (用适当的词填空)
5.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)Abut half f the wrld’s cral reefs, hwever, are danger because f glbal warming and a rise in sea temperatures. (用适当的词填空)
6. Althugh the ld lady suffered frm a serius illness, she still survived her husband 5 years. (用适当的词填空)
7. the request f their father, the twins cleaned up the kitchen. (用适当的词填空)
8. I wuld recmmend an exchange prgram anyne wh wants t experience freign cultures and gain meaningful friendship. (用适当的词填空)
9. The bridges ver rivers are certainly essential fr the lcal peple, fr they allw peple living in these remte areas t travel t different areas. the bridges, access t essential services, medical treatment and schl educatin wuld be extremely difficult. (用适当的词填空)
10. Besides, peple arund the glbe can have access Cnfucius ideas in Cnfucius Institutes and Chinese Culture Centers abrad freely. (用适当的词填空)
1. Sme peple are in favr these measures. (用适当的词填空)
2. A teacher is skilled teaching his subject. (用适当的词填空)
3. Earth and plants prtect us summer heat and winter cld. (用适当的词填空)
4. He gt t the train statin early, fr fear missing the train. (用适当的词填空)
5. And thrugh the study f philsphy (哲学), ne develps sund methds research and analysis that can be applied t any field. (用适当的词填空)
6. I have t be absent class next Friday and I need t brrw smene’s ntes when I return. (用适当的词填空)
7. Gd hbbies cntribute better character, s students shuld develp excellent hbbies. (用适当的词填空)
8. Cell phnes, which are nw universally recgnized a must, have a great effect n us. (用适当的词填空)
9. There is n dubt that the prtectin f flk culture is great significance. (用适当的词填空)
10. I have n chice t accept his invitatin. (用适当的词填空)
11. In 1844 they bught it $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their marriage(用适当的词填空)
12. Yu’ll succeed time as lng as yu lve it with passin because life will give back what yu put int it.(用适当的词填空)
13. He had t take the medicine three times a day, s as t be free the pain in the leg.(用适当的词填空)
14. Mr. Smith prtested heavy industry. Mr. Brwn, wuld yu like t respnd? (用适当的词填空)
15. A cuplet writer may shw his feelings means f describing the scenery r expressing his wishes in his wrks. (用适当的词填空)
(2024北京·高考真题)
One day, I saw a by walking alng Gerge Street with an armful f bks. I thught ___18___ myself, “Why wuld he carry all his bks? ” Just then, sme kids ran at him, ___19___ (knck) his bks ut f his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went ut t him, and I ___20___ (jg) ver t him. As I handed him the glasses, he lked at me and said, “Thanks!”
(2023.北京·高考真题)
Nina has run marathns in 32 cuntries. All f her runs have a guiding purpse: t call attentin 40 glbal water issues. Nina recently finished her year-lng series f runs in Chicag, 41 thusands were attending a water cnference.She called fr actin 42 (address)the struggles f peple arund the wrld 43 (face) “t little water r t dirty water”. Her effrts have encuraged thers t take part by running thrugh a glbal campaign called“Run Blue”.
(2022·北京·高考真题)
Helen was walking dwn the street late 34 the evening, her arms filled with grcery bags. Fcused n balancing the bags, she didn’t ntice her wallet falling ut f her pcket. As Helen walked n, she heard a man charging twards her. Fearful that he might have an intentin 35 (harm) her, Helen started t run. Eventually, the man 36 (catch) up with her, and he was nly trying t return her wallet!
题型
介词
语法填空
考查方向
考频
考点
2024
介词固定搭配
1
think t neself为固定搭配,表示“心想,暗想”.
2023
介词固定搭配
1
call attentin t表示“心想,暗想”.
2022
介词固定搭配
1
in the evening意为“在晚上”,固定搭配.
时间介词:at, abut, after, befre, during, by, frm, fr, in, n,, until, since
方位介词:at, in, n, t, beneath, ver, under, abve, belw, in frnt f / in the frnt f / behind, between / amng, ver/acrss/thrugh
原因介词:at, with, because f, fr, wing t, n accunt f
方式介词:with, in, by
其它介词:abut关于, n关于, f 的, with与一起,用, withut没有, like像, except除了, besides除了之外还有, instead f而不是, but除了,frm自从,despite, in spite f, regardless f等。
易错提醒:
1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this mrning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有ne, any, each, every, sme或all时,其前面不用介词,如:Yu can cme any day.
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