考点21 高考高频考点阅读理解七选五（含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义（北京专用）

这是一份考点21 高考高频考点阅读理解七选五（含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义（北京专用），文件包含考点21高考高频考点阅读理解七选五教师版备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义北京专用docx、考点21高考高频考点阅读理解七选五学生版备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义北京专用docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共66页， 欢迎下载使用。
北京卷近三年高考真题考点分布
其他省份高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年高考试题对段首句共考查17次，其作用多为主旨句或承上启下句。对段中句共考查54次。此种题主要考查前后句子的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，和句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。
1）选材特点：一般为300词左右的短文，以记叙文和说明文常见。
2）设空特点：一般有五种：标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、归纳总结类、语篇拓展类。
对段尾句共考查13次。段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。
【备考策略】
主旨大意把握好，读懂选项更重要
关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少
经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找＂信号词＂，回到选择项中筛选。复现
经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。同意
经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络,留意文章的起承转合,逻辑及结构
经验四：＂7选5＂句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈＂锯齿＂顺序排列，按照人们习惯，看了A就接着看B，接着看C，依此到G，而我们一般做题的正确答案都是＂参差不齐，错落有致＂的,
看了D之后不看E却看A，看E，看了E之后不看 F而看C。这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否＂正确＂。
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2025年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文为主，段首、段中、段尾均为考查重点。

考点一 段首句
01 段首设空考查小标题或段落主题句
小标题或段落主题句：如章首或段首设空，一般考查文章或段落主题。
注释小标题：如在小标题之后接着设空，一般是对小标题加以注释。
段落间的过渡句：如首段之后的段首设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】
Overturism Is Fr Real: Hw Can Yu Help?
...
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur. Yu’ll cmpete with fewer turists, save mney, experience a different side f a ppular place, and bst the ecnmy when turism is traditinally slwer.
A. Visit during ff-peak times.
B. S, shuld we stp traveling?
C. Travel fr yu and n ne else.
D. Can verturism be avided then?
E. Yu can still find relatively undiscvered places.
F. Yu’ll find yurself virtually alne, r clse t it.
G. Cnsider giving back t the cmmunities yu’re visiting.
【答案】 19. A
【19题详解】
空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
02 段首设空考查注释小标题
【2023年浙江1月卷】
...
Arrive early. Mst trains perate just nce a day and sme run nly three times a week, s missing yurs can be a disaster. 39 Nte: The times listed n the schedules are departure times, nt arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a bk, knit, d a crsswrd puzzle, r simply watch the wrld unfld utside the windw. T calculate yur speed as yu d, divide 3,600(the number f secnds in an hur)by the number f secnds it takes yu t travel ne mile(the distance between tw milepsts). If it takes the train 53 secnds t travel ne mile, yu’re ging 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t fr impatient types.
B．Yu’ll have views frm bth sides f the train.
C．The temperature n rail cars is ften hard t cntrl.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer mnths.
E．Yu might have t wait lnger than 24 hurs t catch the next ne.
F．Chances are the cst will be a lt less than the cst f ne bedrm.
G．He may als bk yu in a sleeping car that’s right next t the diner.
【答案】 39．E 40．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
39．根据上文“Mst trains perate just nce a day and sme run nly three times a week, s missing yurs can be a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及下文“Nte: The times listed n the schedules are departure times, nt arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“Yu might have t wait lnger”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。
40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“T calculate yur speed as yu d, divide 3,600(the number f secnds in an hur)by the number f secnds it takes yu t travel ne mile(the distance between tw milepsts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。
03 段首设空考查段落间的过渡句
首段之后的段首设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. ____37____ Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
____38____ It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
A. I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B. It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C. But I still dn't want t replace them.
D. But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E. Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F. That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G. Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
【36题详解】
上文“If yu want t be published, it’s vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“I dn’t trust my laptp’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I’m ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes n accunt f the cntext.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
【38题详解】
下文“It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
考点二 段中句
01 段中句考查句子之间逻辑关系
一．段中句题型综述
逻辑连接是组织文章最主要的方式，语义逻辑构成了语篇的框架。对常用的逻辑关系了然于心，并在阅读时能有效地找出其连接的对应点，是学生解答“七选五”的关键。
“七选五”中常见的逻辑连接可以归类为七种：
总分关系：指选项是中心句；
并列关系：指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；
递进关系：指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；
转折关系；指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；
因果关系：指选项与前后句构成因果关系；
概括阐释：指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；
例证关系：指后句是前句的具体实例。
段中设空考题的解题思路
通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查要点有: 总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构: first, secnd, then, next, later, sn, s, but, hwever, additinally, what’s mre, that is, namely, in ther wrds, fr ne thing. . . fr anther等, 这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用, 是解题时需要重点关注的部分。
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by curius fllwers hw t begin an art jurney. Unfrtunately, there is n magic list I can ffer. I d remember, thugh, what it was like t be a cmplete beginner. S I’ve put tgether sme gd tips fr starting an art jurney.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. ___16___ Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme.
·Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. ___17___
·Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. ___18___ Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. Welcme t the club；we’ve all been there. I lve taking n challenges. I nce tk up a challenge t create a painting every day fr a mnth and pst the wrks nline.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability.
The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. ___20___ Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life.
A Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B. Make career plans and set gals.
C. Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.
D. Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
E. Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.
F. Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
G. Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
答案详解：
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
文章结构：总-分-总
36.C。空格的位置在段落中间，起到承上启下的作用。根据空前Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future.从小事做起。我建议使用速写本进行小的试画。这些小的试画提供了灵感，可能是未来更复杂工作的跳板。可知，这些初期的小习作对未来很重要。
根据空后的Yu'll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu've cme.你会想回顾你的旅程，看看你已经走了多远。可知，你可以通过回顾这些作品看到自己的发展。
C项 Dn't thrw away yur beginner art.不要丢掉你的初级作品，符合语境，因此应选C。
37.G。空格的位置在段尾，一般为承上而来或总结本段，根据本段主题句Paint ften and paint frm life.经常绘画，从生活中绘画。可知，本段建议要经常绘画。
再根据空前There's n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles.没有比增加笔端里程更好的提高方法了。可知作者在建议尽可能多的练习绘画。
G项中的repetitin重复，反复与ften意思相近，Yu'll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.你会发展绘画肌肉记忆，这种记忆只能通过重复来实现。是对本段的总结。因此应选G。
38.A。空格的位置在段落中间，起到承前启后的作用。根据本段主题句Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new.不断挑战自己，尝试新事物。再根据空后的Artistic grwth can be a bit painful.艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦。
可知，要尝试新事物，应该不是一件舒适的事情，A项Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.走出舒适区，cmfrt zne与challenge yurself，try smething new.相对，符合语境，与下文的艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦紧密相连。因此应选A。
39.D。空格的位置在段首，是本段的主题句。根据本段的Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth.寻求并接受建设性的反馈对成长至关重要。I pst my wrk n scial media我把我的作品发布在社交媒体上。可知，本段与分享作品有关。
D项Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.分享你的作品，如果你觉得这样做很舒服的话，符合语境，因此应选D。
40.E。空格的位置在段落中间，起到承上启下的作用。根据空前The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path.你的旅程将不会是一条笔直的道路。可知接下来应该是讲遇到困难。
根据下文Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life.坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报。可知，这是遇到困难时应有的态度。
E项Yu'll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁。符合语境，因此应选E。
02 段中句考查词汇线索
1.人称代词或物主代词指代
前文出现过的人或物，再次提到时，为了避免重复，为避免重复，常用人称代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词，以及such和s指代前文提到的内容。做题时要注意指代的人称、数的一致性。
it可指代单数名词或整个句子;
they或them指代复数名词:
ne指代单数可数名词;
nes指代复数名词;
that指代不可数名词或句子;
this指代单数名词或句子:
these或thse指代前句的复数名词。
做题过程中要特别关注空后的句子或选项中是否有代词，可以利用指代关系以及代词单复数形式的差异快速锁定答案。
2.词汇线索---高频词复现（同义词/近义词/上下义词/同一范畴词）
1）复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。
复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
2）同范畴词出现
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. ____37____ Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
____38____ It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
In additin, I have an ld tw-vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence. Of curse, with its 2,672 pages, it's nt exactly shrt. It cntains arund 163,000 wrds, plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases. ____39____ Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there's nthing better.
Fr well ver a hundred years the mst influential English dictinary was Samuel Jhnsn's Dictinary f the English Language published in 1755. "T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk," wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.
A. I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B. It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C. But I still dn't want t replace them.
D. But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E. Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F. That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G. Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
【36题详解】
上文“If yu want t be published, it’s vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“I dn’t trust my laptp’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I’m ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes n accunt f the cntext.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
【38题详解】
下文“It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
【39题详解】
下文“Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there’s nthing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I dn’t ften use this dictinary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【40题详解】
上文“ “T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk, ” wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
03 考查前后句子相似结构
句子结构重复出现，常有als等作为标志词。
【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Imagine a child standing n a diving bard fur feet high and asking himself the questin:“Shuld I jump? This is what mtivatin r the lack f it can d. Mtivatin and gal setting are the tw sides f same cin. ___36___Like the child n the diving bard, yu will stay undecided.
___37___ Mre than that, hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal? First, yu need t evaluate yurself , yur values yur strengths, yur weaknesses, yur achievements, yur desires ,etc. Only then shuld yur yu’re yur gals
A. This can affect yur wrk.
B. S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself?
C. Hwever, this shuld nt discurage yu.
D. S why shuld we try t set specific gals?
E. They can change accrding t circumstances.
F. Mtivatin is what yu need mst t d a gd jb.
G. Withut mtivatin yu can neither set a gal nr reach it
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36.G 上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
37.B 下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。与B选项“S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself？”使用了相同的问句形式“hw shuld yu...”
考点三 段尾句
若问题在段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。也可以是承上启下（过渡）句子。
01 段尾句考查总结概括句
要注意表示结尾总结的词。
表概况归纳关系有：in shrt , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , t cnclude ,in cnclusin, in a wrd ,n the whle , t sum up 等。
【2024全国甲卷】What is mderatin (适度)? Basically, it means eating nly as much fd as yur bdy needs. Yu shuld feel satisfied at the end f a meal, but nt t full. ____16____ But it desn't mean saying gdbye t the fds yu lve.
Take yur time. It's imprtant t slw dwn and think abut fd as smething nutritius rather than just smething t eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes fr yur brain t tell yur bdy that it has had enugh fd, s eat slwly and stp eating befre yu feel full.
Eat with thers whenever pssible. Eating alne, “specially in frnt f the TV r cmputer, ften leads t mindless vereating. And be careful abut the fds yu keep at hand. It's mre challenging t eat in mderatin if yu have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like ckies. ____18____
A Eat prperly thrughut the day.
B. We dn't always eat just t satisfy hunger.
C. Dn't swallw a meal n the way t wrk.
D. Mst f us need t duble the amunt we eat.
E. Instead, surrund yurself with healthy chices.
F. Fr many f us, mderatin means eating less than we d nw.
G. That wn't lead t cheating r giving up n yur new eating plan.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E
【解析】
【16题详解】
上文“Basically, it means eating nly as much fd as yur bdy needs, Yu shuld feel satisfied at the end f a meal, but nt t full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it desn’t mean saying gdbye t the fds yu lve. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Take yur time. It’s imprtant t slw dwn and think abut fd as smething nutritius rather than just smething t eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。
【18题详解】
上文“It’s mre challenging t eat in mderatin if yu have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like ckies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。
02 段尾句考查补充信息句
是对前文内容进行补充说明,这时要选择补充性的语句。
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overturism Is Fr Real: Hw Can Yu Help?
Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins. ___16___ Certainly nt. The lss f what travel ffers wuld be unacceptable in tday’s wrld. Here are sme tips n making wise decisins t minimize pressure n the places we visit and imprve ur experience.
●Chse mindfully. Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu. ___17___
A. Visit during ff-peak times.
B. S, shuld we stp traveling?
C. Travel fr yu and n ne else.
D. Can verturism be avided then?
E. Yu can still find relatively undiscvered places.
F. Yu’ll find yurself virtually alne, r clse t it.
G. Cnsider giving back t the cmmunities yu’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。
【16题详解】
前文“Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The lss f what travel ffers wuld be unacceptable in tday’s wrld.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly nt.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
前文“Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。
03 段尾句考查承上启下(过渡)句
段落间的过渡句,首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词,再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。
【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, nline learning has becme a significant part f the university and cllege experience. ___16___ But are all nline curses created equal? Hw can yu be sure that digital learning is right fr yu? ___17___
A. But that desn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Yur mtivatin shuld be yur main cncern.
C. D yu knw that nline curses are als part f yur educatin?
D. Prfessr Alex Davidsn teaches the same curse in persn and nline.
E. The chief cmplain t abut nline curses is that they lack human interactin.
F. If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade?
G. A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses.
【答案】16. G 17. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。
【16题详解】
由上文“In the past few years, nline learning has becme a significant part f the university and cllege experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
由上文“If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade? (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade? (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
04考查半句话类选项
1. 根据空格前后的逗号，可以判断是半句话类型的题型。
2. 判斷选项中哪些是半句话，缩小选择范围，它可以是从句、非谓语短语、介词短语等结构。
3. 根据空格前后内容确定答案。
【2023年全国乙卷】Indr plants might lk as if they just sit arund nt ding much, but in many ways they are the unsung heres f the hme. ____16____, but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry. What’s mre, indr plants are easy t lk after and are nt very expensive.
What are indr plants?
Indr plants, als knwn as huseplants r pt plants, are plants that like t grw indrs. Many f these species (物种) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
A. All plants are different
B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful
C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs
D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best
F. Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
【16题详解】
根据下文“but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成nt nly…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Many f these species (物种) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
（2024·福建泉州·一模）Stress is unavidable in life. We all face it daily, whether it is a small incnvenience r a majr life challenge. Stress negatively affects all aspects f ur lives bth persnally and prfessinally. 1 S what can we d abut it? Here are sme helpful tips t fight stress, defeat it and mve n.
Priritize
2 The lnger yu let smething sit, the mre it will weigh n yu and take up valuable brain space.
Practice self-care
Here are the key aspects t self-care that s ften get frgtten：
●Drink water. Prevent tiredness, help digestin, yur skin and yur sleep.
●Stretch. Get xygen flwing int yur muscles befre r during a stressful situatin.
●Exercise regularly. Dn’t let yur busy schedule take pririty ver yur health.
● 3 Read, take a bath, g fr a run, listen t music, r phne a friend.
Cmmunicate
Find a netwrk f peple wh yu can vent (宣泄) t. This is a fantastic way t reduce bringing wrk trubles and stress hme with yu. Yu have the pprtunity t blw ff the first build-up f steam. 4
Breathe
Breathing deeply brings mre xygen int yur bdy, prducing endrphins (内啡肽). They fight with crtisl, a chemical which is a result f anxiety r stress. Did yu knw breathing is respnsible fr mst f yur bdy’s detxificatin (排毒) 5 This critical part f calming yurself dwn allws yu the space and time t fcus n the prblem at hand and have a quiet mind t tackle what’s ahead f yu.
A．Find time fr yu.
B．Read and practice mre.
C．Crss ff the mst stressful tasks first.
D．S yu can g hme a bit mre calm and sensible.
E．In this way yu can cmmunicate with whever yu like t.
F．It can harm ur bdies, ur relatinships and ur verall quality f life.
G．It als increases energy, lwers bld pressure and slws yur heartbeat.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了如何应对生活中的压力。
1．根据上文“Stress negatively affects all aspects f ur lives bth persnally and prfessinally.(压力对我们生活的方方面面都有负面影响，无论是个人生活还是职业生活。)”可知，空处承接上文，具体说明压力的影响。F项中的“It”指代上文的“Stress”。F项：It can harm ur bdies, ur relatinships and ur verall quality f life.(它会损害我们的身体、人际关系和整体生活质量。)符合语境。故选F。
2．根据段落小标题“Priritize(优先处理)”可知，本段主要讨论的是“优先处理”的重要性，即要先完成最重要或最紧急的任务。C项：Crss ff the mst stressful tasks first.(先完成最有压力的任务。)符合语境。故选C。
3．根据上文“Here are the-key aspects t self-care that s ften get frgtten：●Drink water. Prevent tiredness, help digestin, yur skin and yur sleep.●Stretch. Get xygen flwing int yur muscles befre r during a stressful situatin.●Exercise regularly. Dn’t let yur busy schedule take pririty ver yur health.(以下是经常被忽视的自我照顾的关键方面：●喝水。可以防止疲劳，帮助消化，滋润皮肤和改善睡眠。●伸展。在压力大的情况之前或之中，让氧气流入你的肌肉。●定期锻炼。不要让忙碌的日程安排凌驾于你的健康之上。)”可知，在前面的段落中提到了自我照顾的重要性，并列举了一些具体的做法，如喝水、伸展、定期锻炼等。A项：Find time fr yu.(为自己找时间。)显然是自我照顾的另一方面，即给自己留出一些时间来放松和享受，符合语境。故选A。
4．根据上文“Find a netwrk f peple wh yu can vent (宣泄) t. This is a fantastic way t reduce bringing wrk trubles and stress hme with yu. Yu have the pprtunity t blw ff the first build-up f steam.(找一个你可以倾诉的人脉网络。这是一个很好的方法，可以减少你把工作烦恼和压力带回家。你有机会发泄掉最初积累的压力。)”可知，上文提到找到可以倾诉的人是一种减少工作压力和烦恼的好方法，有机会先释放一些压力。空处则和上文形成因果关系，指出倾诉带来的良好效果。D项：S yu can g hme a bit mre calm and sensible.(这样你回家时就能更冷静、更理智一些。)符合语境。故选D。
5．根据上文“Breathing deeply brings mre xygen int yur bdy, prducing endrphins (内啡肽). They fight with crtisl, a chemical which is a result f anxiety r stress. Did yu knw breathing is respnsible fr mst f yur bdy’s detxificatin (排毒)(深呼吸会为你的身体带来更多的氧气，从而产生内啡肽。内啡肽会抵抗焦虑或压力产生的化学物质皮质醇。你知道吗，呼吸负责你身体大部分的排毒功能。)”可知，上文提到深呼吸可以为身体带来更多的氧气，产生内啡肽，这种物质可以对抗焦虑或压力产生的化学物质，空处承接上文，进一步补充说明深呼吸带来的好处。G项：It als increases energy, lwers bld pressure and slws yur heartbeat.(它还能增加能量，降低血压，减缓心跳。)符合语境。故选G。
（2024·湖北·三模）D yu like spending time alne? If s, yu prbably knw that there are peple criticizing yu fr it. They think yu are alne because yu’re anxius abut being arund ther peple and just dn’t have very psitive relatinships with humans. 6
These have been the cmmn pinins n spending time alne fr far t lng. 7 Schlars believe that spending time alne helps yu break free frm pressures and is gd fr mental and physical health.
8 Yu need t feel the dissatisfactin with where yu’re nw t get the mtivatin t change and achieve what yu want. Being arund thers cnstantly might distract (转移) yurself frm the infrmative feeling. Spending time alne enables yu t check hw yur life is in line with yur plans, r research resurces related t yur aims.
Yur creativity is increased when being alne. If yu are cnstantly in the presence f thers, yur mind is mre likely t be engaged in being scial. 9 Thse wh enjy creative pursuits, like writing and music, especially need t get alne time. If yu’re nt used t alne time, being alne while arund thers is a gd way t start, such as writing at a library r in a café.
Keeping yurself away frm thers imprves sleep quality. If yu are always busy with thers, yu may ntice that it’s difficult t wind dwn at night. Thse mments right befre yu fall asleep can be uncmfrtable if yu are nt used t being alne. 10 Cnsequently, yu feel mre cmfrtable transitining (过渡) frm wakefulness t sleep.
A．Alne time helps yu fcus n yur gals.
B．Or they assume yu are lnely and depressed.
C．Yu dn’t need t wrry abut pinins thers have.
D．Reasns fr being alne vary frm ne persn t anther.
E．Mre recently, the value f alneness has been increasingly recgnized.
F．Having space frm thers can free up yur mind t think f new ideas.
G．Taking time fr yurself can help yu practice being with yur thughts.
【答案】6．B 7．E 8．A 9．F 10．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲独处的好处。
6．由上文“D yu like spending time alne? If s, yu prbably knw that there are peple criticizing yu fr it. They think yu are alne because yu’re anxius abut being arund ther peple and just dn’t have very psitive relatinships with humans.(你喜欢独处吗？如果是这样，你可能知道有人批评你。他们认为你是孤独的，因为你担心和别人在一起，只是和人类没有很好的关系。)”可知，这里主要讲一些人认为独处不好且分析其坏处。B项Or they assume yu are lnely and depressed.(或者他们认为你很孤独和沮丧。)符合语境，继续讲独处不好的一面，有承上作用。故选B项。
7．由下文“Schlars believe that spending time alne helps yu break free frm pressures and is gd fr mental and physical health.(学者们认为，独处有助于你摆脱压力，对身心健康有益。)”可知，这里主要讲独处的益处，E项Mre recently, the value f alneness has been increasingly recgnized.(最近，独处的价值越来越得到认可。)符合语境，其中the value f alneness与下文helps yu break free frm pressures and is gd fr mental and physical health对应。故选E项。
8．由下文“Yu need t feel the dissatisfactin with where yu’re nw t get the mtivatin t change and achieve what yu want. Being arund thers cnstantly might distract (转移) yurself frm the infrmative feeling. Spending time alne enables yu t check hw yur life is in line with yur plans, r research resurces related t yur aims.(你需要对现在的状态感到不满，才能获得改变和实现你想要的东西的动力。经常和别人在一起可能会分散你对信息感的注意力。独处可以让你检查你的生活是否符合你的计划，或者与你的目标相关的研究资源。)”可知，这里主要讲和别人在一起可能会分散你对信息感的注意力，独处却可以让你更注意到你的目标，A项Alne time helps yu fcus n yur gals.(独处时间有助于你专注于你的目标。)符合语境，对下文有总括作用。故选A项。
9．由上文“If yu are cnstantly in the presence f thers, yur mind is mre likely t be engaged in being scial.(如果你经常和别人在一起，你的大脑更有可能参与社交活动。)”可知，这里主要讲过多社交会让你大脑繁忙，没时间静下来思考，F项Having space frm thers can free up yur mind t think f new ideas.(与他人保持距离可以让你的思想自由地思考新的想法。)符合语境，与上文形成对比，前后分析了与别人相处和独处两种情况下大脑的状态。故选F项。
10．由上文“Keeping yurself away frm thers imprves sleep quality. If yu are always busy with thers, yu may ntice that it’s difficult t wind dwn at night. Thse mments right befre yu fall asleep can be uncmfrtable if yu are nt used t being alne. (远离他人可以提高睡眠质量。如果你总是忙于他人，你可能会注意到晚上很难放松下来。如果你不习惯独处，那么在你入睡前的那些时刻可能会让你感到不舒服。)”可知，这里主要讲如果你总是忙于他人，这会让你睡前感到孤独而不适应，G项Taking time fr yurself can help yu practice being with yur thughts.(给自己留出时间可以帮助你练习与自己的想法相处。)符合语境，本句主要就上面的问题提出解决方案，所以有承上作用。故选G项。
（2024·广东·一模）A Jurney Thrugh Etymlgy and Lexicgraphy
The inventin f the dictinary was a mnumental step in the evlutin f language and cmmunicatin. 11 Withut a systematic way t reference the meanings and usage f wrds, language wuld be a far less precise tl fr expressin and understanding.
I have a cllectin f histrical dictinaries that I ften refer t fr their insights int the develpment f language. 12 I find it fascinating t trace the etymlgy f wrds and see hw their meanings have evlved ver time. These dictinaries are nt just tls fr spelling; they are windws int the past.
13 A gd dictinary shuld prvide a cmprehensive etymlgy, explaining the histrical develpment f a wrd frm its earliest knwn use t the present day. It shuld als include examples f usage frm different perids t shw hw the wrd's meaning and cnntatin have shifted.
My prized pssessin is a first editin f the Oxfrd English Dictinary, which I acquired at an auctin. 14 With its exhaustive entries and meticulus attentin t detail, it stands as a testament t the dedicatin and schlarly rigr f the lexicgraphers wh cmpiled it.
Hwever, the jurney f the dictinary did nt begin with the Oxfrd English Dictinary. 15 Earlier attempts at lexicgraphy, thugh less cmprehensive, laid the grundwrk fr the systematic study f language that we enjy tday.
A．I dn’t ften use this dictinary.
B．It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C．But I still dn’t want t replace them with mdern digital alternatives.
D．But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read, especially fr a lver f wrds.
E．Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling; it’s als a treasure trve f linguistic histry.
F．That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes, but als a deep understanding f wrd rigins.
G．Dictinaries f the past were nt as detailed r accurate as the nes we have tday.
【答案】11．D 12．E 13．A 14．C 15．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了词典的发明对语言和交流的重要性，以及作者对历史词典的个人兴趣。
11．根据上文“The inventin f the dictinary was a mnumental step in the evlutin f language and cmmunicatin.(字典的发明是语言和交流进化过程中具有里程碑意义的一步。)”和下文“Withut a systematic way t reference the meanings and usage f wrds, language wuld be a far less precise tl fr expressin and understanding.(没有系统的方法来参考词的含义和用法，语言将是一个远不那么精确的表达和理解工具。)”可知，选项与前文形成转折，强调了词典除了实用性外的阅读乐趣且承接下文。故D选项“但对于热爱词语的人来说，词典阅读可以是一种乐趣”切题。故选D项。
12．根据下文“I find it fascinating t trace the etymlgy f wrds and see hw their meanings have evlved ver time.(我发现追踪单词的词源，看看它们的含义是如何随着时间的推移而演变的，这很有趣)”可知，作者发现追溯词源并观察它们随时间演变的意义是很迷人的。选项E“当然，词典不仅仅是用来拼写的；它也是语言历史的宝库” 与作者的兴趣点相吻合。故选E项。
13．根据下文“A gd dictinary shuld prvide a cmprehensive etymlgy, explaining the histrical develpment f a wrd frm its earliest knwn use t the present day.(一个好的词典应该提供全面的词源学，解释一个词从最早已知的用法到今天的历史发展)”可知，选项A“我不经常使用这本词典”，与下文描述的作者对词典的兴趣和价值认识形成对比，暗示这本不被经常使用的词典可能不具备这些特点。故选A项。
14．根据下文“With its exhaustive entries and meticulus attentin t detail, it stands as a testament t the dedicatin and schlarly rigr f the lexicgraphers wh cmpiled it.(以其详尽的条目和对细节的一丝不苟，它证明了编纂它的词典编纂者的奉献精神和学术严谨。)”可知，选项C“但我仍然不想用现代数字替代品来替换它们”与作者对第一版牛津英语词典的珍视和对传统词典的偏好相呼应。故选C项。
15．根据下文“Earlier attempts at lexicgraphy, thugh less cmprehensive, laid the grundwrk fr the systematic study f language that we enjy tday.(早期的词典编纂尝试虽然不够全面，但为今天我们享受的语言系统研究奠定了基础) ”可知，选项承接下文说明过去的词典的不完善。故选项G“过去的词典没有我们现在拥有的那么详细或准确”切题。故选G项。
（2024·浙江绍兴·一模）Teamwrk Dubles the Strength
Admittedly, teamwrk is literally imprtant fr any class r team t achieve its gals and bjectives. Let me give three reasns why it is advantageus.
As individuals, we pssess diverse talents, strengths, weaknesses and experiences. A team is just like a tapestry (织锦) that weaves what each f us pssesses, resulting in an end prduct that is diverse yet hmgenus (同种类的). As team members exchange thughts and experiences, there can be mre efficiency and effectiveness at prblem-slving. This pling f talents can als lead t greater innvatin and success. 16 . It wn the Premier League in 2016, t the utter disbelief f many sccer fans. Leicester City, previusly regarded as the underdg f the League, displayed extremely impressive teamwrk, which led t its unbelievable victry in sccer histry.
Next, teamwrk means members share the wrklad. When wrk is distributed and each f us in a team specializes in specific tasks, the stress n each f us is reduced and the cmpletin f tasks befre deadline is ensured. 17 .
18 . Team members learn frm mre experienced members wh may ffer deeper insights and perspectives. Newer members may als cntribute new ideas. Besides encuraging the sharing f knwledge and experiences, teamwrk als develps sft skills like cmmunicatin and interpersnal skills. 19 .
Sme may think that wrking in islatin (单独) is mre efficient since mre time is taken when cperating with thers. Fr mre talented individuals, wrking alne means being the star f a prject. 20 . But, the lss f synergy (协同作用) that nly team effrt can generate may als prevent the team frm reaching its full ptential.
A．Take Leicester City fr example
B．Thus we can expect greater jb satisfactin
C．Team members can als be divided in pinins
D．They dn’t need t share the success with thers
E．Let’s nt wave away the chance t wrk in teams
F．And finally wrking in a team multiplies learning pprtunities
G．We learn t respect differences in wrking styles and pinins, and develp trust
【答案】16．A 17．B 18．F 19．G 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了团队合作之所以对团队达成目标重要的三个原因。
16．下文“It wn the Premier League in 2016, t the utter disbelief f many sccer fans. Leicester City, previusly regarded as the underdg f the League, displayed extremely impressive teamwrk, which led t its unbelievable victry in sccer histry.(令许多球迷完全难以置信的是，它在2016年赢得了英超联赛冠军。莱斯特城曾经被认为是联赛的失败者，但他们表现出了令人印象深刻的团队合作，从而取得了足球史上令人难以置信的胜利)”可知，莱斯特城在英超联赛上的胜利是对上文观点的举例，A项“以莱斯特城为例”引出下文，符合题意。故选A项。
17．上文“Next, teamwrk means members share the wrklad. When wrk is distributed and each f us in a team specializes in specific tasks, the stress n each f us is reduced and the cmpletin f tasks befre deadline is ensured.(其次，团队合作意味着成员分担工作量。当工作被分配，我们每个人都在一个团队中专门从事特定的任务时，我们每个人的压力就会减少，并确保在截止日期前完成任务)”说明了团队合作的诸多益处，可以按时完成任务，和B项“因此，我们可以期待更高的工作满意度”，与上文构成因果关系，进一步指明了因为团队成员分担工作量之后，我们可以期待更高的工作满意程度。故选B项。
18．下文“Team members learn frm mre experienced members wh may ffer deeper insights and perspectives.(团队成员向更有经验的成员学习，这些成员可能会提供更深入的见解和观点)”及“Besides encuraging the sharing f knwledge and experiences, teamwrk als develps sft skills like cmmunicatin and interpersnal skills.(除了鼓励知识和经验的分享，团队合作还培养了沟通和人际交往能力等软技能)”可知，本段想要介绍的是在团队工作中会学到很多东西，F项“最后，在团队中工作可以增加学习机会” 起到了对本段的总结概括作用，作为本段的主题句，符合题意。故选F项。
19．上文“Besides encuraging the sharing f knwledge and experiences, teamwrk als develps sft skills like cmmunicatin and interpersnal skills. (除了鼓励知识和经验的分享，团队合作还培养了沟通和人际交往能力等软技能)”和G项“我们学会尊重不同的工作方式和意见，并建立信任”构成内容上的承接关系，指明了团队合作除了可以培养了沟通和人际交往能力等软技能之外，还可以让我学会学会尊重不同的工作方式和意见，并建立信任。故选G项。
20．上文“Fr mre talented individuals, wrking alne means being the star f a prject.(对于更有才华的人来说，独自工作意味着成为项目的明星)”中的mre talented individuals和D项“他们不需要与他人分享成功”中的they指代一致，解释了独自工作意味着成为项目的明星的原因就是不需要与他人分享成功。故选D项。
（2024·湖南衡阳·三模）With the develpment f glbalizatin, “intercnnectivity” has becme a buzzwrd (流行词) f the mdern wrld. Althugh this trend brings lts f advantages, it can als present sme challenges. 21 Understanding and vercming cultural barriers is very imprtant in daily life. Here are sme tips n hw t prperly handle cultural differences.
Be self-aware and acknwledge differences. Mst crss-cultural misunderstandings cme frm a single-minded pinin. If we judge thers thrugh ur wn culture, we may end up with wrng interpretatins. Failing t acknwledge differences may easily lead t miscnceptins and even cnflicts. 22
D research and learn abut ther cultures. After cultural differences are acknwledged, it’s imprtant t learn mre abut them. 23 Understanding the reasning behind ne’s actins can reduce “wrng labeling” and lead t a mre effective cperatin and cmmunicatin prcess.
24 Try yur best t avid quick judgments and be pen t new beliefs and behavir. Find ut what yu have in cmmn and learn hw t make the best use f each unique characteristic. Respect the fact that thers have distinct cre values.
All in all, dealing with cultural differences is quite challenging and requires a lt f wrk. 25 When yu meet peple frm different cultures and backgrunds next time, just be mindful, and stay pen-minded and patient.
A．One f them is cultural barriers.
B．Be pen-minded, adaptable and respectful.
C．Yu can either d yur wn research r simply ask thers abut them.
D．Emplyees shuld be prepared t wrk in a multicultural envirnment.
E．Hwever, the results f vercming these barriers far utweigh the effrt.
F．Actually, travelling abrad is nt the nly way t vercme cultural barriers.
G．Therefre, we shuld accept differences and learn mre abut thers’ backgrunds.
【答案】21．A 22．G 23．C 24．B 25．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了处理文化差异的建议，包括自我认知、学习不同文化和保持开放尊重的态度。
21．由上文“Althugh this trend brings lts f advantages, it can als present sme challenges.”（虽然这一趋势带来了很多好处，但也可能带来一些挑战）可知，本空要说跟“挑战”相关的内容。A选项提到“它们其中之一就是文化障碍”，选项中的them指的就是前文提到的challenges。故选A。
22．由上文“Failing t acknwledge differences may easily lead t miscnceptins and even cnflicts.”（未能承认差异很容易导致误解甚至冲突）可知，本空要说跟“接受差异”相关的内容。G选项提到“因此我们应该接受差异并更多了解他人的背景”，G选项中的“we shuld accept differences”与上文的“acknwledge differences”相呼应，differences是同词复现。故选G。
23．由上文“After cultural differences are acknwledged, it’s imprtant t learn mre abut them.”（在认识到文化差异之后，重要的是要更多地了解它们）可知，本空要说跟“了解文化差异”的方法相关的内容。C选项提到“你可以自己做研究或简单地向他人询问”，选项中的them和前一句的them均指代文化差异，符合逻辑。故选C。
24．空格处位于句首，是本段的主题句，由下文“Try yur best t avid quick judgments and be pen t new beliefs and behavir. Find ut what yu have in cmmn and learn hw t make the best use f each unique characteristic. Respect the fact that thers have distinct cre values.”（尽量避免草率的判断，对新的信仰和行为持开放态度。找出你们的共同点，并学习如何充分利用每一个独特的特点。尊重他人有不同核心价值观的事实。）可知，B选项提到“要保持开放的心态、适应能力和尊重”，符合语境。故选B。
25．由上文“All in all, dealing with cultural differences is quite challenging and requires a lt f wrk.”（总而言之，处理文化差异是非常具有挑战性的，需要大量的工作）可知，本空要说跟“克服文化差异的好处”相关的内容。E选项提到“但是克服这些障碍的结果远远超过了付出的努力”，符合逻辑。故选E。
（2024·浙江台州·一模）Hw Yur Brain Deceives Yu
Yur brain pssesses sme incredible abilities, frm recalling cnversatins with clse friends t tackling cmplex math prblems with ease. 26 At times, it may even verlk critical infrmatin, resulting in errrs that culd be bad fr yur well-being r health. 27
One f the biggest shrtcmings f yur brain is that it can get lazy. When trying t slve a prblem r make a decisin, yur mind ften falls back n slutins that have wrked in the past. While using shrtcuts can be a useful and effective apprach, they can als trip yu up and cause yu t make mistakes. Fr example, maybe yu’re terrified f flying because yu can think f several tragic, high-prfile plane crashes. In reality, traveling by air is much safer than traveling by car. 28
Mrever, yur brain might fail t detect significant changes ccurring in yur surrundings, a phenmenn referred t as change blindness. 29 — therwise, it will get verwhelmed. Seemingly nt like a huge prblem, it can have majr cnsequences accrding t sme research. Fr example, peple wh have jbs like air traffic cntrl can make ptentially disastrus errrs as a result f change blindness.
30 In the prcess, we twist reality t prtect ur self-esteem — in ther wrds, we dn’t want t wn up when we mess up. Why d we participate in the blame game? Researchers believe it’s t safeguard ur self-esteem and shield urselves frm the fear f failure. When adpting this mindset, we attribute negative utcmes t factrs beynd ur cntrl.
A．Yur brain has t priritize what it pays attentin t.
B．But it is nt that perfect and pen t imperfectins.
C．This realizatin can carry yu thrugh sme unnecessary errrs.
D．Hwever, yu can avid sme f these errrs by acquiring a better understanding f them.
E．It ges withut saying that yur brain is incapable f prcessing all infrmatin at the the same time.
F．When smething ges wrng, yur brain instinctively seeks smene r smething t hld respnsible.
G．Hwever, yur brain is using a mental shrtcut t fl yu int believing flying is mre dangerus than it is.
【答案】26．B 27．D 28．G 29．A 30．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了大脑的一些不足之处，如倾向于使用过去解决问题的方法、对周围环境变化的忽视以及责任推卸等。文章提示读者通过了解这些错误，可以避免它们带来的影响。
26．上文“Yur brain pssesses sme incredible abilities, frm recalling cnversatins with clse friends t tackling cmplex math prblems with ease.(你的大脑拥有一些不可思议的能力，从回忆与密友的对话到轻松解决复杂的数学问题)”说明大脑具备一些不可思议的能力，以及下文“At times, it may even verlk critical infrmatin, resulting in errrs that culd be bad fr yur well-being r health.(有时，它甚至可能忽略关键信息，导致可能对您的健康或幸福不利的错误)”说明大脑也可能忽略关键信息，导致问题的出现，B项“但它并不是那么完美，对不完美开放。”与上文形成转折关系，并引出下文，符合题意。故选B。
27．上文“At times, it may even verlk critical infrmatin, resulting in errrs that culd be bad fr yur well-being r health.(有时，它甚至可能忽略关键信息，导致可能对您的健康或幸福不利的错误)”说明大脑有时会导致问题的出现，D项errrs与上文中的errrs为复现词，D项“但是，通过更好地了解这些错误，您可以避免其中一些错误。”与上文形成转折关系，引出下文各段落的内容，符合题意。故选D。
28．上文“Fr example, maybe yu’re terrified f flying because yu can think f several tragic, high-prfile plane crashes. In reality, traveling by air is much safer than traveling by car.(例如，也许你害怕飞行，因为你能想到几起悲剧，高调的飞机失事。事实上，乘飞机旅行比开车旅行安全得多)”以乘坐飞机为例，说明大脑的缺点之一是它会变得懒惰，思维模式会回到过去行之有效的解决方案上，G项中flying是关键词，G项“然而，你的大脑正在使用一种心理捷径来欺骗你，让你相信飞行比实际更危险。”说明上文现象出现的原因，符合题意。故选G。
29．上文“Mrever, yur brain might fail t detect significant changes ccurring in yur surrundings, a phenmenn referred t as change blindness.(此外，你的大脑可能无法检测到周围环境发生的重大变化，这种现象被称为变化盲)”说明大脑无法检测周围环境发生的重大变化这一现象，A项“你的大脑必须优先考虑它所关注的事情。”说明上文现象出现的原因，并引出下文“therwise, it will get verwhelmed.(否则，它将不堪重负)”的结果，符合题意。故选A。
30．下文“In the prcess, we twist reality t prtect ur self-esteem—in ther wrds, we dn’t want t wn up when we mess up. Why d we participate in the blame game? Researchers believe it’s t safeguard ur self-esteem and shield urselves frm the fear f failure.(在这个过程中，我们歪曲现实来保护我们的自尊——换句话说，当我们陷入困境时，我们不想承认。我们为什么要参与指责游戏？研究人员认为，这是为了保护我们的自尊，保护自己免受失败的恐惧)”说明我们会指责其他人，以保护自己的自尊，保护自己免受失败的恐惧，F项“当事情出错时，你的大脑会本能地寻找某人或某事来承担责任。”说明事情出错时，大脑的本能反应，引出下文这一过程出现的原因，符合题意。故选F。
（2024·江苏南京·一模）Pursue Yur Dreams Tday, Nt Tmrrw
Have yu caught yurself daydreaming abut yur dreams? We ften pstpne ur dreams, trapped in a cycle f delay. But why wait? 1 Yu dn’t have t take a huge, life-changing step. Yu can take minute steps tward a brighter future. And start right nw.
2 If yu never try, yu’re ging t be weighed dwn by yur regrets. Yu’re always ging t wnder hw yur life wuld’ve turned ut if yu actually tk a chance n yurself. Dn’t let yur future self be disappinted by yur present self.
It desn’t matter hw ld yu are r hw many peple have warned yu that yu’re never ging t succeed. Even the mst successful peple have had their hesitatins abut whether they had what it tk t make it in their field. 3 Embrace a mindset f determinatin, knwing that success is within yur reach.
At the end f the day, yu need t carve ut a path fr yurself that will lead t the mst satisfactin. If yu allw yur fear t get the best f yu, yu’re never ging t frgive yurself. 4 . It’s what yu wuld encurage yur friends t d, s why aren’t yu giving yurself that same push?
Smetimes, fllwing yur passin means spending a lt f yur time each day. It may require making slight adjustments t yur schedule, but yu dn’t have t sacrifice everything t fllw yur hearts. Try t strike a balance between yur current life and yur dreams. 5 .
Pursue yur dreams nw, even thugh that means yu might need t break ut f yur cmfrt zne, and even thugh it means entering the unknwn.
A．If things g well, yu can gradually make further shifts.
B．Ask yurself what wuld be wrse.
C．Starting small is cmpletely acceptable.
D．Yu need t mve past yur insecurities and explre yur full ptential.
E．New pprtunities may lead t persnal grwth.
F．Hard as it is, it’s crucial t wave ff the dubts in the back f yur mind.
G．Yu we it t yurself t g after yur dreams.
【答案】1．C 2．G 3．F 4．B 5．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何追求自己的梦想的一些建议。
1．根据上文“But why wait? (但为什么要等呢?)”以及下文“Yu dn’t have t take a huge, life-changing step. (你不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步。)”可知，空格处应该说明的是从小事情开始。选项C. Starting small is cmpletely acceptable. (从小处开始是完全可以接受的。) 中“Starting small”呼应上文的“But why wait?”以及下文“Yu dn’t have t take a huge, life-changing step”；所以选项C能够承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
2．根据下文“If yu never try, yu’re ging t be weighed dwn by yur regrets. (如果你从不尝试，你就会被你的遗憾压垮。)”可知，空格处作为本段的主题句说明的是“要去追求自己的梦想。”选项G. Yu we it t yurself t g after yur dreams. (你有责任去追求你的梦想。)能够引出下文。故选G。
3．根据上文“Even the mst successful peple have had their hesitatins abut whether they had what it tk t make it in their field. (即使是最成功的人也会犹豫自己是否有能力在自己的领域取得成功。)”以及下文“Embrace a mindset f determinatin, knwing that success is within yur reach. (拥有一种坚定的心态，知道成功是触手可及的。)”可知，空格处应该说明的是“我们要摆脱自己的怀疑，坚定自己的心态”。选项F. Hard as it is, it’s crucial t wave ff the dubts in the back f yur mind. (虽然很难，但关键是要摆脱你内心深处的怀疑。)能够承上启下，“wave ff the dubts in the back f yur mind”与下文“Embrace a mindset f determinatin”相呼应。故选F。
4．根据上文“If yu allw yur fear t get the best f yu, yu’re never ging t frgive yurself. (如果你让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，你永远不会原谅自己。)”以及下文“It’s what yu wuld encurage yur friends t d, s why aren’t yu giving yurself that same push? (这是你会鼓励你的朋友做的事，那你为什么不给自己同样的动力呢?)”可知，空格处说明的是“鼓励的建议”，且是能够消除恐惧；选项B. Ask yurself what wuld be wrse. (问自己什么情况会更糟。)为一个建议，且是能够减轻恐惧感；能够承上启下。故选B。
5．根据上文“It may require making slight adjustments t yur schedule, but yu dn’t have t sacrifice everything t fllw yur hearts. Try t strike a balance between yur current life and yur dreams. (有时候，追随你的激情意味着每天花费大量的时间。这可能需要对你的时间表做一些调整，但你不必为了跟随自己的内心而牺牲一切。)”说明的是不必为了跟随自己的内心而牺牲一切，需要慢慢来。空格处为本段的总结，所以应该说明的是“如果取得了进步之后，再调整”。选项A. If things g well, yu can gradually make further shifts. (如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变。)能够承接上文。故选A。
（2024·浙江嘉兴·一模）Bxing has been practiced fr centuries— it was even ne f the sprts in the riginal Olympic Games in ancient Greece. 6 Hundreds f thusands f peple frm all walks f life participate in the sprt every week. But why? The answer lies in the physical, mental and even scial benefits bxing can bring.
Its physical benefits are clear. Whether it’s practicing with a punching (拳打) bag, training with a partner r facing an ppnent in the ring, bxing can be an intense frm f exercise and give a full- bdy wrkut. 7 And it can als increase anaerbic (无氧的) fitness— allwing smene t wrk ut harder, fr lnger. These can, in turn, psitively impact ther aspects f physical well- being, like heart health and weight management.
8 Bxing can als psitively impact smene’s mental well- being. Dr Jessica Pinchbeck, Senir Lecturer in Sprt and Fitness at the Open University, says that bxing can relieve sme f the symptms (症状) f anxiety and depressin. Exercising regularly is already widely knwn t be gd fr mental health, but bxing can als bring a sense f discipline and fcus.
And there is a third benefit t putting n the bxing glves. Practicing punches can be dne alne, f curse. 9 It als invlves wrking with thers t train and stay safe. Dr Gavin Williams, Senir Lecturer in Educatin at the Open University, says that this cperatin and team wrk can create a sense f identity and belnging. 10
A．It can imprve muscular strength.
B．But bxing is nt just an individual activity.
C．S the interactive elements bring scial benefits.
D．S bxing als strengthens a sense f cmmunity.
E．Mre recently, bxing has becme the mainstream in the UK.
F．But the high physical demands f the sprt aren’t just gd fr the bdy.
G．It prmtes self- defense skills, helping build cnfidence t prtect neself.
【答案】6．E 7．A 8．F 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要围绕“拳击”这一主题，从多个角度（身体、心理、社交等）介绍了拳击的好处，并辅以专家观点和具体描述来增强说服力。
6．由上文“Bxing has been practiced fr centuries— it was even ne f the sprts in the riginal Olympic Games in ancient Greece. (拳击运动已经有几个世纪的历史了，它甚至是古希腊奥运会的比赛项目之一。)”可知，前一句提到拳击已经存在了几个世纪，甚至是古希腊奥运会中的一项运动，接下来需要描述拳击在现代的普及情况。E选项提到“Mre recently, bxing has becme the mainstream in the UK. (最近，拳击已经成为英国的主流运动。)”与前文形成了对比，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
7．根据前文“Its physical benefits are clear. Whether it’s practicing with a punching (拳打) bag, training with a partner r facing an ppnent in the ring, bxing can be an intense frm f exercise and give a full- bdy wrkut. (它对身体的好处是显而易见的。无论是用沙袋练习，与伙伴一起训练还是在拳击场上面对对手，拳击都是一种激烈的运动形式，可以锻炼全身。)”可知，此处在讲述拳击对身体的好处，所以A项“It can imprve muscular strength. (它可以增强肌肉力量。)”符合本段主题，并和后文“And it can als increase anaerbic (无氧的) fitness— allwing smene t wrk ut harder, fr lnger. (它还可以提高无氧适应性 —— 让人们锻炼得更努力、更持久)”构成并列关系。故选A项。
8．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“Bxing can als psitively impact smene’s mental well- being. Dr Jessica Pinchbeck, Senir Lecturer in Sprt and Fitness at the Open University, says that bxing can relieve sme f the symptms (症状) f anxiety and depressin. Exercising regularly is already widely knwn t be gd fr mental health, but bxing can als bring a sense f discipline and fcus. (英国开放大学体育与健身高级讲师杰西卡·平奇贝克博士说，拳击可以缓解一些焦虑和抑郁的症状。众所周知，经常锻炼对心理健康有益，但拳击也能带来自律感和专注感。)”可知，本段主要讲述拳击对心理健康的好处，所以F项“But the high physical demands f the sprt aren’t just gd fr the bdy. (但是这项运动对身体的高要求不仅仅对身体有好处。)”符合本段主题，和上文构成转折关系，并引出下文。故选F项。
9．根据前文“Practicing punches can be dne alne, f curse. (当然，练习出拳可以独自完成。)”以及后文“It als invlves wrking with thers t train and stay safe. (它还包括与其他人一起训练和保持安全。)”可知，B项“But bxing is nt just an individual activity. (但是拳击不仅仅是个人的运动。)”和前文构成转折关系，并引出下文，符合文意。故选B项。
10．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“It als invlves wrking with thers t train and stay safe. Dr Gavin Williams, Senir Lecturer in Educatin at the Open University, says that this cperatin and team wrk can create a sense f identity and belnging. (它还包括与其他人一起训练和保持安全。开放大学教育高级讲师加文·威廉姆斯博士说，这种合作和团队合作可以创造一种认同感和归属感。)”可知，讲述拳击运动中和他人合作的好处，所以C项“S the interactive elements bring scial benefits. (所以互动元素带来了社会效益。)”是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选C项。
（2024·湖南永州·一模）At the peak f achievement, Olympians have trained their entire lives t reach their gal f standing n the winner’s platfrm. Nt nly d Olympic athletes tne their bdies int near perfectin, but they sharpen their minds as well. 11 . Researchers have fund Olympians share sme cmmn habits that yu t can use t develp a winner’s mindset.
View stress as psitive. Many successful Olympians view stress as a challenge instead f smething they shuld fear. A previus experiment published lked at hw peple viewed stress. It fund the risk f premature death rse by 43% fr peple wh viewed stress negatively. 12 .
Get rid f self-dubt. There is n rm fr dubt in the minds f Olympic athletes. They have t believe they’re capable f perfrming well r they have already given the cmpetitin the advantage. 13 , because they have spent much time practicing their perfrmance and learning frm failures alng the way.
Stay fcused n the prcess. 14 . It’s imprtant t identify any triggers (起因) yu might face and experience thse during practice until they fade int the backgrund. Athletes have t be prepared fr distractins such as crwd nise, smene laughing, even a jke tld nearby.
15 . Many f the mst mentally tugh and resilient (有复原力的) athletes have a histry f vercming difficulties in their past. Resilience is the piece f us that allws us t get up every time we’ re kncked dwn. It’s really hard t build resilience unless ne has been challenged. In fact, there are many remarkable athletes wh faced unpleasant situatins and were amazingly resilient.
A．Learn t bunce back
B．Learn t challenge yurself
C．They ften feel extremely cnfident
D．They have t g int the event with cmplete cnfidence
E．Mental strength, fcus and resilience dn’t cme withut effrt
F．Tp perfrmers must cncentrate n their gals during the big event
G．Thse viewing stress as a psitive had the lwest risk f death in the study
【答案】11．E 12．G 13．D 14．F 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了奥运选手的成功习惯，并提供了如何培养赢家心态的建议。
11．根据前文“Nt nly d Olympic athletes tne their bdies int near perfectin, but they sharpen their minds as well. (奥林匹克运动员不仅将他们的身体锻炼得近乎完美，而且还磨砺了他们的心智。)” “Researchers have fund Olympians share sme cmmn habits that yu t can use t develp a winner’s mindset. (研究人员发现，奥运选手有一些共同的习惯，你也可以利用这些习惯来培养赢家的心态。)”可知，奥林匹克运动远的身体和心智都是很强的，但并不是很容易就可以获得，空处应承上启下，与E项“Mental strength, fcus and resilience dn’t cme withut effrt (心智力量、专注力和复原力都不是不费吹灰之力就能获得的。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选E项。
12．根据上文“View stress as psitive. Many successful Olympians view stress as a challenge instead f smething they shuld fear. A previus experiment published lked at hw peple viewed stress. It fund the risk f premature death rse by 43% fr peple wh viewed stress negatively. (将压力视为积极因素。许多成功的奥运选手将压力视为一种挑战，而不是他们应该害怕的东西。之前发表的一项实验研究了人们如何看待压力。研究发现，对压力持负面看法的人过早死亡的风险增加了43%。)”可知，本段主要讲述把压力视为积极因素的好处，与G项“Thse viewing stress as a psitive had the lwest risk f death in the study (在这项研究中，那些将压力视为积极因素的人死亡风险最低。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选G项。
13．根据前文“Get rid f self- dubt. There is n rm fr dubt in the minds f Olympic athletes. They have t believe they’re capable f perfrming well r they have already given the cmpetitin the advantage. (摆脱自我怀疑。在奥运健儿的心中没有怀疑的余地。他们必须相信自己有能力表现出色，否则他们就已经给了竞争对手优势。)”与D项“They have t g int the event with cmplete cnfidence (他们必须满怀信心地参加活动)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。
14．根据上文“Stay fcused n the prcess. (专注于过程。)”可知，选手必须专注于他们的目标，与F项“Tp perfrmers must cncentrate n their gals during the big event (表现最好的人必须在大型活动期间专注于他们的目标)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。
15．根据下文“Many f the mst mentally tugh and resilient 有复原力的) athletes have a histry f vercming difficulties in their past. Resilience is the piece f us that allws us t get up every time we’ re kncked dwn. It’s really hard t build resilience unless ne has been challenged. In fact, there are many remarkable athletes wh faced unpleasant situatins and were amazingly resilient. (许多最具心理韧性和复原力的运动员都有克服过去困难的历史。韧性是我们身上的一部分，它使我们每次被击倒后都能重新站起来。除非一个人受到过挑战，否则真的很难培养韧性。事实上，有许多杰出的运动员面临过不愉快的情况，但却有着惊人的复原力。)”可知，本段主要讲述运动员有克服困难的经历以及复原力的重要性，与A项“Learn t bunce back (学会恢复)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。
（2024·北京西城·二模）Want t write better? There’s a new bk that says simple writing is best.
D yu check yur text messages befre sending? 16 If nt, yu might prefer getting things dne fast, even if they’re nt perfect.
This bk argues that it’s imprtant t write carefully, even fr quick messages. Tdd Rgers and Jessica Lasky Fink, frm Harvard, wrte “Writing Fr Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyne’s busy tday. Peple get lts f messages every day, frm emails t texts. 17 Deciding what t read, skim, r ignre happens many times a day fr almst everyne.
The authrs share gd writing tips, like cutting unnecessary wrds and using simple wrds everyne knws. They say it’s imprtant t keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is mre. Fr example, they sent an email t thusands f schl-bard members asking them t take a survey. They made the email shrter, frm 127 t 49 wrds, and gt duble the respnses (frm 2.7% t 4.8%). 18
The same is true fr text messages. In anther test, they sent a shrt message asking parents t take a survey. It gt mre respnses than a lnger, mre sympathetic ne. Smetimes, being shrt and clear wrks better than being kind but ignred. It’s nt just what yu say, but hw quickly yu say it that matters.
It’s nt just abut wrd cunt. 19 Reducing the number f ptins has the same effect. Shrt, active sentences with cmmn wrds are best.
Frm psts t nline reviews, fllwing these rules gets mre likes and shares. Serius writers shuld pay attentin t. A study fund that cmpanies using lng sentences and cmplicated wrds were seen as less mral and trustwrthy.
20 It might be tempting t send messages quickly and hpe fr the best. But taking time t write fr yur readers has benefits. If yu send a rushed message that readers ignre, it’s like yu didn’t send it at all.
A．If everyne is a busy reader, everyne is a busy writer t.
B．They can als get puzzled by scial media platfrms.
C．If yu d, yu prbably like making even the simplest messages perfect.
D．They fund that lnger messages make peple think the task will take lnger.
E．Keeping messages t ne idea, r as few as pssible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted n.
F．Yur gal is t cnvey enugh passin that yur readers think the issue in yur message is wrth caring abut.
G．Explaining the thinking behind yur messages will allw readers t see that yu knw what yu’re talking abut.
【答案】16．C 17．B 18．D 19．E 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一本关于如何更好地写作的书。
16．上文“D yu check yur text messages befre sending?(你发短信前检查过吗？)”提出一个问题：你发短信前检查过吗？结合下文“If nt, yu might prefer getting things dne fast, even if they’re nt perfect.(如果不，你可能更喜欢快速完成任务，即使它们并不完美)”可知，空处是描述肯定的情况，C项“如果你检查，你可能喜欢把最简单的信息变得完美”符合语境，故选C。
17．上文“Peple get lts f messages every day, frm emails t texts.(人们每天都会收到很多信息，从电子邮件到短信)”提到，人们每天都会收到很多信息，结合下文“Deciding what t read, skim, r ignre happens many times a day fr almst everyne.(几乎每个人每天都会多次决定要读什么、略读什么或忽略什么)”可知，人们会对社交媒体平台收到的很多信息感到困惑，B项“他们也会对社交媒体平台感到困惑”符合语境，故选B。
18．根据上文“Fr example, they sent an email t thusands f schl-bard members asking them t take a survey. They made the email shrter, frm 127 t 49 wrds, and gt duble the respnses (frm 2.7% t 4.8%).(例如，他们给数千名学校董事会成员发了一封电子邮件，要求他们参加一项调查。他们把邮件缩短了，从127个单词缩短到49个单词，得到了两倍的回复(从2.7%增加到4.8%))”可知，缩短邮件得到了两倍的回复，D项“他们发现，较长的信息会让人们认为完成任务需要更长的时间”对上文进一步阐释，故选D。
19．根据上文“It’s nt just abut wrd cunt.(这不仅仅是字数的问题)”和下文“Reducing the number f ptins has the same effect.(减少选项的数量也有同样的效果)”可知，本段是描述缩短邮件得到更多回复的原因，E项“将信息集中在一个想法上，或者尽可能少，有助于确保它们被阅读、记住并采取行动”符合语境，故选E。
20．空处是段首主题句，根据下文“It might be tempting t send messages quickly and hpe fr the best. But taking time t write fr yur readers has benefits. If yu send a rushed message that readers ignre, it’s like yu didn’t send it at all.(快速发送信息并寄希望于最好的结果可能是诱人的。但是花时间为读者写作是有好处的。如果你发送了一条匆忙的信息，而读者却忽略了它，那就好像你根本没有发送它一样)”可知，本段是说要花点时间写信息，匆忙的信息得不到好的效果，A项“如果每个人都是忙碌的读者，那么每个人也都是忙碌的作家”适合作为本段主题句，故选A。
（2024·北京·三模）Everyne carries a shield（屏障）. Our shields prtect what we dn’t want thers t see, frm ur embarrassing secrets t ur unpredictable feelings. 21 But the prblem is that shields can becme heavy burdens — easy t put n yet difficult t remve — with terrible effects.
Since shields encurage us t hide negative parts f urselves, we can start t believe that we aren’t wrth shwing. We might fear hw ur friends will judge ur struggles r hw ur families will view ur ambitins. 22
Hwever, we have t remember that we aren’t perfect, nr shuld we expect t be. We need t find and cure the wunds underneath ur shields, but that means we have t let dwn ur guard. We may even have prblems we haven’t admitted t urselves. 23 Even if it seems insignificant, every prblem shuld be acknwledged befre it grws. Befre being cured, we must knw that we need t be cured, and be kay with admitting that.
Knwing this takes bravery and patience, s it’ll be hard. 24 Yet asking fr help means admitting ur prblems t smebdy else — it means letting them see what’s behind ur shields. T make it easier, we can reveal urselves t smebdy clse t us wh we trust will understand us and prvide persnal supprt. Or, if we fear judgement, we can pen up t smene distant but knwledgeable, such as a cunsellr r a help line. N matter what, we can find help when we begin searching.
25 We can be mre frgiving f faults s we can becme cmfrtable with urs and encurage thers t fllw. Mst imprtantly, we can let peple knw that we are willing t listen and help and make it easier t let dwn ur shields.
A．This is nt a bad thing.
B．We need t be understd.
C．We shuldn’t expect t d any f it withut help.
D．In shrt, we have the pwer t change this phenmenn.
E．Hence we decide t hide urselves underneath ur masks.
F．If yu can’t trust yur partner, it wn’t be easy t let them in.
G．Maybe we’re hiding smething frm a friend r scared t admit an errr.
【答案】21．A 22．E 23．G 24．C 25．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了每个人都带着屏障，这带来了消极的影响，所以我们要学会改变这种想象。
21．根据上文“Our shields prtect what we dn’t want thers t see, frm ur embarrassing secrets t ur unpredictable feelings.”（我们的屏障保护着我们不想让别人看到的东西，从我们尴尬的秘密到我们不可预测的感受）再根据下文“But the prblem is that shields can becme heavy burdens — easy t put n yet difficult t remve — with terrible effects.”（但问题是，屏障会成为沉重的负担——容易戴上却很难取下——带来可怕的后果）可知，后文进行转折，说的是不好的结果，选项与下文为转折关系，故A选项“这不是一件坏事”切题。故选A项。
22．根据上文“Since shields encurage us t hide negative parts f urselves, we can start t believe that we aren’t wrth shwing. We might fear hw ur friends will judge ur struggles r hw ur families will view ur ambitins.”（因为屏障鼓励我们隐藏自己的消极部分，我们可以开始相信我们不值得展示。我们可能会担心朋友会如何评价我们的奋斗，或者家人会如何看待我们的抱负。）可知，选项承接上文说明导致的不良结果。故E选项“因此我们决定把自己藏在面具下”切题。故选E项。
23．根据上文“We may even have prblems we haven’t admitted t urselves.”（我们甚至可能会遇到自己没有承认的问题）可知，选项承接上文继续说明自己的问题。故G选项“也许我们对朋友有所隐瞒，或者害怕承认错误。”切题。故选G项。
24．根据下文“Yet asking fr help means admitting ur prblems t smebdy else — it means letting them see what’s behind ur shields.”（然而，寻求帮助意味着向别人承认我们的问题——意味着让他们看到我们屏障后面的东西）可知，选项与下文为转折关系说明我们需要帮助。故C选项“我们不应该指望在没有帮助的情况下做任何事情。”切题。故选C项。
25．根据下文“We can be mre frgiving f faults s we can becme cmfrtable with urs and encurage thers t fllw. Mst imprtantly, we can let peple knw that we are willing t listen and help and make it easier t let dwn ur shields.”（我们可以更加宽容自己的错误，这样我们就能对自己的错误感到舒适，并鼓励别人效仿。最重要的是，我们可以让人们知道我们愿意倾听和帮助，让他们更容易放下我们的屏障。）可知，后文都在说我们是可以改变自己的。故D选项“简而言之，我们有能力改变这种现象”切题，为本段的标题。故选D项。
（2024·北京大兴·三模）The nly wrds yu need t say after receiving a cmpliment (赞美) are “thank yu”. But yu knw that's easier said than dne.
There are many reasns why yu have a hard time accepting cmpliments. 26 It's a three step prcess. First, believe what peple tell yu. If yu're still having a hard time taking the cmpliment, duble check. And if it's still hard t accept then yu'll have t check yurself.
27 Fr example, if yu're six feet tall and I say, “Ww, yu're tall! ” I'm being hnest. I'm five ft nine, s plenty f peple are tall cmpared t me. I'm expressing that subjectively, frm my shrter vantage pint, yu are tall. I'm nt saying everyne wuld agree with me. Just like if I say City f Gd is a great mvie, I'm nt saying yu have t think it's a great mvie.
Yu have t listen carefully t cmpliments. It's nt always bvius if yu're being cmplimented fr smething nly thers can bserve. If yu are five ft six inches tall, and weigh seventy punds, I wuld say yu are slim. But if yu are cmparing yurself t smene wh is shrter, and weighs five punds less than yu, yu might call yurself plump. In this extreme example, the utside perspective is mre accurate than the internal ne. 28
If yu're still struggling t accept a cmpliment, yu dn't just have t take smene at their wrd. It can be hard t accept an pinin when it's the ppsite f yurs, s call in reinfrcements. Ask smene else what they think. 29 Yu can ask tw r three r fur mre peple if tw isn't enugh.
30 If yu mislead r lie t peple abut yur pinins, then it's nt surprising that yu have a hard time trusting that peple's cmpliments are genuine. Be mre hnest with peple arund yu, and yu'll find it much easier t believe what peple say abut yu.
A．They will be the tie breaker.
B．Yu can check with smene else instead.
C．The causes are cmplicated but the path t accepting cmpliments is simpler.
D．Hw hnest are yu with yur friends and family when they ask fr yur pinin?
E．When smene is trying t pay yu a cmpliment, they are speaking subjectively.
F．When smene pays yu a cmpliment, they are speaking abut smething that is bservable.
G．Similarly, when I call yu smart r funny, I'm cmmenting based n my definitin f smart r funny, that's hw I see yu.
【答案】26．C 27．E 28．F 29．A 30．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了很难接受赞美的原因有很多。原因很复杂，但接受赞美的途径更简单。短文介绍了三个接受赞美途径的方法。
26．根据上文“There are many reasns why yu have a hard time accepting cmpliments.”（你很难接受赞美的原因有很多）以及下文“It's a three step prcess.”（这需要三个步骤）可知，选项承上启下。reasns呼应causes。the path呼应three step prcess。故C选项“原因很复杂，但接受赞美的途径更简单”切题。故选C项。
27．根据下文“I'm expressing that subjectively, frm my shrter vantage pint, yu are tall. I'm nt saying everyne wuld agree with me. ”（我主观地表示，从我较矮的角度来看，你很高。我并不是说每个人都会同意我的观点）可知，对你的赞扬是出于主观的看法。故E选项“当有人试图赞美你时，他们是在主观地说”切题，为本段的主旨句。故选E项。
28．根据上文“In this extreme example, the utside perspective is mre accurate than the internal ne. ”（在这个极端的例子中，外部视角比内部视角更准确）可知，选项承接上文说明赞美来自外部视角。故F选项“当有人称赞你时，他们说的是可以观察到的事情”切题。故选F项。
29．根据上文“Ask smene else what they think.”（问问别人的想法）以及下文“Yu can ask tw r three r fur mre peple if tw isn't enugh. ”（如果两个不够的话，你可以再问两个、三个或四个人）可知，选项承接上下文说明别人会帮助你做出正确的判断。故A选项“他们将是是否相信的关键”切题。故选A项。
30．根据下文“If yu mislead r lie t peple abut yur pinins, then it's nt surprising that yu have a hard time trusting that peple's cmpliments are genuine. Be mre hnest with peple arund yu, and yu'll find it much easier t believe what peple say abut yu.”（如果你在自己的观点上误导或欺骗别人，那么你很难相信别人的赞美是真诚的也就不足为奇了。对周围的人更诚实，你会发现更容易相信别人对你的评价。）可知，本段与诚实话题有关。故D选项“当你的朋友和家人征求你的意见时，你对他们有多诚实？”切题。故选D项。
（2024·北京海淀·一模）When yu get in a car, yu expect it will have functining brakes. When yu pick up medicine at the drugstre, yu expect it wn’t be plluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety f these prducts was terrible when they first came t market. It tk much research and regulatin t figure ut hw users can enjy the benefits f these prducts withut getting harmed. 31
Scial media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algrithms designed t maximize attentin represent t teens have becme impssible t ignre. Other prduct design elements, ften called “dark patterns,” designed t keep peple using fr lnger, als appear t tip yung users int scial media veruse. 32 They say it’s their users’ fault fr engaging with harmful cntent in the first place, even if thse users are children r the cntent is financial trickery. They als claim t be defending free speech.
33 Under the Digital Services Act, which came int effect in Eurpe this year, platfrms are required t take actin t stp the spread f illegal cntent and can be fined up t 6 percent f their glbal incmes if they dn’t d s. If this law is enfrced, maintaining the safety f their algrithms and netwrks will be the mst financially sund decisin fr platfrms t make.
Despite these effrts, tw things are clear. First, nline safety prblems are leading t real, ffline suffering. Secnd, scial media cmpanies can’t, r wn’t, slve these safety prblems n their wn. 34 Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thught were slved can pp right back up. As ur sciety mves nline t an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyne, even teens, can just “stay ff scial media” becmes less and less realistic. 35
A．And thse prblems aren’t ging away.
B．The current issues aren’t really abut ffline suffering.
C．Platfrms already have systems t remve vilent r harmful cntent.
D．Similarly, scial media needs prduct safety standards t keep users safe.
E．It’s time we shuld require scial media t take safety seriusly, fr everyne’s sake.
F．Internet platfrms, hwever, have shifted blame n the cnsumers whenever criticized.
G．Sme authrities are taking steps t hld scial media platfrms accuntable fr the cntent.
【答案】31．D 32．F 33．G 34．A 35．E
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了社交媒体存在风险，平台常推卸责任，欧洲已实施相关法规，而线上安全问题引发线下痛苦，且社交媒体公司难以独自解决，人们也越来越难以远离社交媒体。
31．根据上文的“When yu get in a car, yu expect it will have functining brakes. When yu pick up medicine at the drugstre, yu expect it wn’t be plluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety f these prducts was terrible when they first came t market. It tk much research and regulatin t figure ut hw users can enjy the benefits f these prducts withut getting harmed. (当你坐进一辆车的时候，你希望它的刹车能正常工作。当你在药店买药时，你希望它不会被污染。但事情并不总是这样的。这些产品刚上市时安全性很差。为了弄清楚用户如何在不受伤害的情况下享受这些产品的好处，需要进行大量的研究和监管)”可知，此段讲述的是其他产品都有安全标准，接着下文提到社交媒体的风险无处不在，说明社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保护用户安全，D项(同样，社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保证用户的安全)符合文意。故选D项。
32．根据下文的“They say it’s their users’ fault fr engaging with harmful cntent in the first place, even if thse users are children r the cntent is financial trickery. They als claim t be defending free speech.(他们说，用户一开始接触有害内容是他们的错，即使这些用户是孩子，或者内容是金融骗局。他们还声称是在捍卫言论自由)可知，社交媒体将问题推卸给用户，F项(然而，每当受到批评时，互联网平台就把责任推给消费者)引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。
33．根据下文的“Under the Digital Services Act, which came int effect in Eurpe this year, platfrms are required t take actin t stp the spread f illegal cntent and can be fined up t 6 percent f their glbal incmes if they dn’t d s. If this law is enfrced, maintaining the safety f their algrithms and netwrks will be the mst financially sund decisin fr platfrms t make.(根据今年在欧洲生效的《数字服务法案》(Digital Services Act)，平台必须采取行动阻止非法内容的传播，如果不这样做，将被处以最高相当于其全球收入6%的罚款。如果这项法律得到执行，维护其算法和网络的安全将是平台做出的最经济合理的决定)”可知，说明一些权威机构正在采取措施让社交媒体平台对其内容负责，G选项(一些当局正在采取措施，要求社交媒体平台对这些内容负责)符合文意。故选G项。
34．根据上文的“Despite these effrts, tw things are clear. First, nline safety prblems are leading t real, ffline suffering. Secnd, scial media cmpanies can’t, r wn’t, slve these safety prblems n their wn. (尽管做出了这些努力，但有两件事是明确的。首先，网络安全问题正在导致现实的、线下的痛苦。其次，社交媒体公司不能或不愿独自解决这些安全问题)可知，此段首先提到两个明确的事情，结合下文“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thught were slved can pp right back up.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现)”接着说明问题不会消失，A选项(这些问题不会消失)引出下文，符合文意。故选A项。
35．根据上文的“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thught were slved can pp right back up. As ur sciety mves nline t an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyne, even teens, can just “stay ff scial media” becmes less and less realistic.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现。随着我们的社会网络化程度越来越高，任何人，甚至青少年，都可以“远离社交媒体”的想法变得越来越不现实)”，最后一段提到随着社会越来越依赖网络，让任何人远离社交媒体变得不太现实，所以为了每个人的利益，是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了，E项(为了每个人，现在是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了)总结上文。故选E项。
（2024·北京丰台·二模）At the end f the day, mst f us find urselves n the cuch, eyes glued t the televisin r t ur smartphnes, ding everything we can t cnserve energy. 36 But are we hardwired (本能的) fr it?
Accrding t Michael Inzlicht, a scial psychlgist at the University f Trnt, we’re lazy and als, we’re nt.
All humans, given equal ptins, will take the easy way ut. Des it mean we’re lazy? Maybe. 37 We always minimize ur effrt and, at the same time, maximize the amunt f reward we get fr that effrt. A study published in the jurnal Neurpsychlgia fund that ur brains may be hardwired fr laziness. Even thugh we knw the benefits f exercise, we stay glued t the cuch.
38 We can’t knw fr sure whether there is an evlutinary (进化的) purpse t it. But that wuld make sense. After all, befre we were able t g t the grcery stre, calries were much mre directly linked t effrt. Every calrie we burned meant mre hunting, fishing, r gathering.
But there are the times when humans are the ppsite f lazy and d very difficult things fr n apparent reasn. Sme rewards nly cme frm extensive effrt. 39 Running this far might even cause mre harm than gd in terms f running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and s n. But we d it anyway because putting in the effrt makes us feel gd, says Inzlicht. 40
S, in that sense, effrt is wrth the effrt. While humans are ecnmically aware f effrt mst f the time, “in sme cases, the effrt itself is rewarding,” says Inzlicht.
A．Think abut things like running a marathn.
B．It’s nt cmpletely clear why humans behave this way.
C．It seems that we humans are gifted in the way f laziness.
D．We similarly lve t space ut, ur brain tired f fcusing.
E．But it certainly means that we’re ecnmic with ur effrt.
F．Sme peple wh appear t be lazy are suffering frm much mre serius prblems.
G．Likewise, we might get a sense f pleasure r mastery frm ding a crsswrd puzzle.
【答案】36．C 37．E 38．B 39．A 40．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类有时是懒惰的，最小化付出的努力，同时最大化努力所得到的回报，但是有时候也会毫无理由地做一些非常困难的事情，比如马拉松和填字游戏。文章对此进行了介绍。
36．根据前文“At the end f the day, mst f us find urselves n the cuch, eyes glued t the televisin r t ur smartphnes, ding everything we can t cnserve energy.(在一天结束的时候，我们大多数人发现自己躺在沙发上，眼睛盯着电视或智能手机，尽我们所能来节省能量。)”可知，此处是指人类在偷懒这方面很有天赋，所以选项C“看来我们人类在懒惰方面是有天赋的。”切合文意。故选C。
37．根据后文“We always minimize ur effrt and, at the same time, maximize the amunt f reward we get fr that effrt.(我们总是最小化我们的努力，同时最大化我们的努力所得到的回报。)”可知，此处是指我们会使自己的努力最经济，所以选项E“But it certainly means that we’re ecnmic with ur effrt.(但这肯定意味着我们的努力是经济的。)”切合文意。故选E。
38．根据后文“We can’t knw fr sure whether there is an evlutinary (进化的) purpse t it.(我们不能确定这是否有进化的目的。)”可知，此处是指目前并不清楚人类为什么会懒惰，所以选项B“目前还不完全清楚为什么人类会有这种行为。”切合文意。故选B。
39．根据后文“Running this far might even cause mre harm than gd in terms f running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and s n.(跑这么远可能会造成更多的伤害，比如应力性骨折、背部疼痛等等。)”和前文“Sme rewards nly cme frm extensive effrt.(有些回报只来自于大量的努力。)”可知，此处是用马拉松来对前文进行举例说明，所以选项A“想想跑马拉松这样的事情。”切合文意。故选A。
40．根据前文“Running this far might even cause mre harm than gd in terms f running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and s n. But we d it anyway because putting in the effrt makes us feel gd, says Inzlicht.(跑这么远可能会造成更多的伤害，比如应力性骨折、背部疼痛等等。但我们还是会这样做，因为付出努力会让我们感觉良好，Inzlicht说。)”可知，此处是举出像马拉松这样的类似的例子，所以选项G“同样地，我们可能会从做填字游戏中获得愉悦感或精通感。”切合文意。故选G。
【2024·北京·高考真题】If yu want t develp maximum credibility (可信性), is it better t be a hedgehg (刺猬) r a fx? Accrding t Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehg knws ne thing very well, and the fx knws a lt f things.
Is there a clear advantage f ne style ver the ther? Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in ding s. Accrding t Jim Hart, the “hedgehg cncept” is ne f the factrs that lead cmpanies t greatness. They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. ___36___ The hedgehg cncept makes perfect sense fr cmpanies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track recrds f thse flks n the Sunday talk shws wh make predictins abut what will happen. He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins.
The advantage that. fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. ___38___ They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. They als have a clearer estimatin f what they knw and dn’t knw.
S, which is better? The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. ___39___ The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. The mst effective way t g thrugh life is t try t be that rare mixture knwn as fxy hedgehg.
A. In ther wrds, there are clear advantages fr each.
B. They are mre likely t remember peple’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage f clarity and cnfidence.
D. But there can be a dwnside t cncentratin n ne big thing.
E. Hwever, hedgehgs remain pen t thers’ reactins and inputs.
F. When smething is cntradictry t their view, they dn’t treat it as exceptinal.
G. They cme dwn squarely n ne side r the ther and fully supprt their psitin.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehg，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据上文“They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据下文“He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据上文“The advantage that fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
【2023·北京·高考真题】It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin. 15
When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings. 16
Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. 17 The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.
Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding. 18 Research shws that the mre time instructrs spend n teaching, the lwer their salary. What is the result? Many instructrs cntinue t teach using traditinal lectures, which lead t lwer success rates.
19 Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.
What shuld students and their families d? They shuld give strng cnsideratin t universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even thugh the schls may be ranked lwer.
A．Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B．Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C．Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D．Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E．Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
【答案】15．D 16．F 17．G 18．B 19．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
15．根据空前内容“It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
16．根据空前内容“When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“mre surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
17．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
18．根据空前内容“Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
19．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。
【2022·北京·高考真题】Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health. 15 It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.
16 We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy. Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses. 17 This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy. It means the fitness level is nt in accrdance with ur age and the climatic cnditins we live in.
It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness. 18 Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style. There are different levels f exercises fr different age grups and we must d them accrding t ur wn health and age.
Additinally, it is imprtant t relax ur bdy. We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases. 19 This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.
A．Fitness levels decide the quality f life.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.
C．It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.
D．Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.
E．If we keep ur bdy fit, we can enjy life in a better manner.
F．There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.
G．This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.
【答案】15．G 16．B 17．D 18．F 19．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
15．根据空前“Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的ther diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
16．根据空后“We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
17．根据空前“Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
18．根据空前“It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
19．根据空前“We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
年份
卷别
体裁
词数
主题语境
话题
设题位置
选项特征
段首
段中
段尾
2024
北京卷
说明文
363
人与社会
“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式
1
4
0
完整句
2023
北京卷
说明文
255
人与社会
如何选择高校的建议
1
3
1
完整句
2022
北京卷
说明文
225
人与自我
健康和健身之间密不可分的关系
1
4
0
完整句
年份
卷别
体裁
词数
主题语境
话题
设题位置
选项特征
段首
段中
段尾
2024
新高考全国I卷
夹叙夹议文
313
人与自我
使用英语词典的经验、心得与乐趣
1
4
0
完整句
新高考全国 = 1 \* ROMAN II卷
说明文
297
人与自然
如何避免“过度旅游”
1
3
1
完整句
全国甲卷
说明文
313
人与自我
适度饮食
1
3
1
完整句
浙江1月卷
说明文
330
人与社会
在线学习利弊
1
4
0
完整句
2023
新高考全国I卷
说明文
321
人与自我
自我原谅
0
4
1
完整句
新高考全国 = 1 \* ROMAN II卷
说明文
310
人与社会
开始艺术之旅的建议
1
3
1
完整句
全国乙卷
说明文
335
人与自然
室内植物的好处
0
3
2
残缺句＋完整句
全国甲卷
说明文
287
人与自我
成为更有耐心的人的技巧
1
3
1
残缺句＋完整句
浙江1月卷
说明文
361
人与社会
能使火车旅行更舒适的建议
1
4
0
完整句
2022
全国甲卷
说明文
315
人与社会
一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情
1
3
1
残缺句＋完整句
全国乙卷
说明文
316
人与社会
五种维系异地友谊的方法
3
1
1
残缺句＋完整句
新高考全国I卷
说明文
332
人与社会
如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴
0
4
1
完整句
新高考全国 = 1 \* ROMAN II卷
说明文
312
人与社会
介绍写文章的技巧
1
4
0
完整句
浙江卷1月
说明文
309
人与社会
既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议
2
2
1
完整句
浙江卷6月
说明文
338
人与社会
写作都是带有某种目的的
1
3
1
完整句