考点22 高考高频考点阅读表达（含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义（北京专用）

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北京近三年高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近三年考情分析可知阅读表达体裁以记叙文为主说明文为辅，难度系数较低，适中。考查题型细节理解题，推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题，还有开放性题目。
【备考策略】
（1）读懂题目，带问题阅读；
（2）快速通读全文，明确文章主旨大意；
（3）针对题目各个击破。就归纳总结具体信息类题目，应确保所查找信息点全面；词义、句意猜测类题目，
要联系前后文语境判断；观点、态度或写作意图类题目，应基于文章的整体内容作答；主旨要义以及推理题需视具体情况而定，有针对段落的命题，也有针对文章整体内容的命题。
（4）答语要简洁、准确。因为有词数要求，学生应学会转换表达方式，必要时可用单词代替短语，用非谓语代替从句，用构词法进行词性或词义转换。名言警句一般都简洁明了，可用来作答某些题目。
（5）做好作答后的检查，检查项包括作答内容是否与设问“对应”、作答词数是否符合题目要求、拼写（含大小写）、语法、标点等是否正确无误。
【命题预测】
预测2025年高考阅读表达阅读表达仍然会综合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、语言概括能力、推理判断能力以及自主创新能力。
阅读表达题是一种综合性的题型，既考查学生的阅读理解能力，又考查书面表达能力，同时，这类题目不但选材紧跟时代步伐，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，是一种不错的试题。然而，同学们对这一题型却感到束手无策，不知从何下笔。针对这一情况，我们应在平时的训练中不断总结做题方法，探索答题规律，掌握这类题目的解题技巧。
开放性问题答语积累】
人性格形容词-determined，brave，persistent，lvely，lving，friendly，warm-hearted，kind，nice，gd，patient，respnsible，humrus，active，ptimistic
A persn with a strng sense f respnsibility
A persn wh never gives up
故事的形容词-fantastic，mving，impressive
获得什么启示？-I will never give up when facing/I am faced with difficulties.
I will spare n effrt t achieve my gal/dream n matter hw hard/difficult it is.
你是负责人，举办什么活动？--回答详细内容 deliver a speech/rganize a cmpetitin/hld an activity (in rder )
I will encurage them t vercme the difficulties.
你的职业？你想选择什么专业？--
I want t be a ck ,because I can ck varius delicius fd t meet peple’s tastes./t make myself happy.
I want t be a dctr ,because I can save peple’s life and help them treat the disease.
I want t be a teacher ,because I can teach students knwledge and help them t be useful persns.
I want t majr in maths,because maths can help me cultivate lgical and ratinal thinking.
I want t learn English,because I have n difficulty in cmmunicating with freign friends in English./it palys an imprtant rle in ur daily life.

考点一 细节表达题
1、题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。
2、设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用 what , why , hw 等特殊疑问词进行提问。
3、答题技巧：解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。
问题形式:
EQ \\ac(○,1) Why ..?回答形式:+ 名词性短语 (表示原因) ; T +动Because +句子 (表示原因) ; Because f词原形 (表示目的) ;ln rder t +动词原形(表目的)
②问题形式： What 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式： Hw （询问方式）回答形式： By ( ding )..；完整的句子。
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets reslved，the emtinal respnse tied t it is significantly reduced r almst cmpletely erased．Thus，it may be wrth bringing up issues with yur friends， family members，r classmates rather than hlding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that yu and yur ppnent present yur cncerns and discuss the feelings and issues related t thse cncerns．Yu can engage in an argument respectfully withut stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，hwever，usually invlves persnal attacks，raising f vices， and strming ut．Discussing yur issues and reslving them instead f stuffing them dwn can imprve yur emtinal health．In a study，2.000 peple were asked t recrd their feelings and experiences fr eight days in a rw．When peple had an argument that they cnsidered reslved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） f thse wh avided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emtins r a decrease in psitive emtins．In ther wrds，reslving an argument cuts yur negative feelings by half．One day later， peple wh had a reslved argument reprted n increase f negative emtins cmpared with thse wh avided an argument． This means that reslving an argument can feel like yu have reached a state f reslutin——and yu are less likely t be annyed．
Mrever，the lder yu are，the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument．This may be because mre life experience usually leads t mre defined pririties．Yu are mre likely t distinguish between what matters and what des nt．
It is easier t avid a discussin，but risking talking abut it may eventually lead t a better utcme．
20．Accrding t this passage，what is arguing？
21．Why is it that“the lder yu are， the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument”？
考点二 主旨表达题
1．题目要求：
①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；
②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。
2．设问形式：
① What ' s the main idea f the passage / Paragraph ② What ' s the passage mainly abut ?
③ What ' s the best title fr the passage ?
3．答题技巧：考生在回答该类问题时，要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词。
解该类题时，注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词，二要计言简练。
4．常用的回答形式有：
①名词短语／动名词短语；②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；
③名词性从句或"疑问词＋不定式": What Why ... Hw ./ Hw
【2021年6月天津卷】
58. What is the main idea f Para. 3? (n mre than 15 wrds)
_______________________________________________________
考点三 推理表达题
1．题目要求：
要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻
辑关系的分析，做出合理的推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的内容，一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断；二是推测作者或文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。
2．设问形式：
① What ' s the purpse f the text ?
② Fr what purpse des the authr mentin .. in Paragraph
③ What des the authr really mean by saying
④ What kind f attitude des the authr have twards
⑤ What des ... imply ?
⑥ What can we learn frm the text ?
3．答题技巧：
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以么全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。
④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。
⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者1L弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。
⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。
【2022年天津卷第二次】It was a dark and strmy night. The fercius wind shk the windws wildly, as thugh smene utside were beating n the glass. It was als New Year’s Eve. We were having ur annual party and had a huse full f peple just starting t celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard lud explsins. Lking utside and up int the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying frm electrical transfrmers(变压器). One area after anther went dark up in thse hills. Then there was the ludest explsin f them all and ur huse went dark t. I tried t find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything lk lvely. But we had prblems. We had fifteen peple standing arund and we still had t ck dinner. Hw wuld we d that withut electricity?
The barbecue! Why nt ck n the barbecue? We men went utside, sme hlding flashlights and thers cking. We did a wnderful jb. The wmen stayed inside and gt the salads ready. Everything was delicius. There were still a few hurs t g befre the beginning f the new year, s we all sat arund the dining rm table and sang up until a few minutes befre midnight. We culdn’t watch the ball drp in Times Square n televisin but that wuldn’t stp us frm celebrating. I std n a chair and, with the help f smene’s watch t tell us the time, we all cunted dwn and I drpped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity fr that!
Nwadays, we still get tgether with the same grup t celebrate the New Year and we still talk abut that special night. I dn’t think we have ever laughed s much as we did n that New Year’s Eve.
59. Hw des the authr feel abut that particular New Year’s Eve? (n mre than 8 wrds)
____________________________________________________________
60. What d yu think is the mst necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situatin? Please explain why. (n mre than 25wrds)
___________________________________________________________
考点四 猜词表达题
（一）题目要求：考生能够利用上下文判断某个单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中的确切含义。
（二）设问形式：
① What ' s the meaning f the underlined wrd / phrase / part in the ... paragraph '?
② What des the underlined part in the .. paragraph mean ?、
（三）答题技巧：结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语篇．能进行猜测判断。
（四）常用的回答形式有：①相近含义、相同词性的单词；②完整、直白、简短的句子。
1、根据上下文语境理解词义
2、根据释义猜测词义：
①借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语从句等来确定词义。构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接；定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用。
②如果生词在文中直接被句子或段落解释，理解句子或段落本身就能推断出词义。
【2022年6月天津考题】
56. What des the underlined wrd mean in Paragraph 1? (1 wrd)
____________________________________________________________
（2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Hw Gratitude Makes Yu Happier
Chsing t be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way t bst yur happiness. We usually think f happiness as a subjective sense f well-being, a feeling f jy and satisfactin. But mre than just an emtin r fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness als includes a deep sense f meaning, wrth and purpse in life. Gratitude supprts happiness in ways related t all f these.
Research has shwn gratitude has far-reaching effects n ur physical health. When peple are thankful, they’re mre likely t exercise, eat better, and take care f their health. Much evidence pints t lwer stress, reduced pain and imprved immune systems as a result f being thankful. Even better bld pressure and psitive effects n the heart have been linked t gratitude.
Gratitude has a strng psitive impact n mental health as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances psitive emtins and makes us mre ptimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurtransmitters like dpamine, which we assciate with pleasure, and sertnin, which regulates ur md. It als prmtes feelings like trust and genersity, which are induced by xytcin, a hrmne released by the brain.
Just like a muscle, thankfulness is smething we need t exercise mre ften. One way is t learn frm the Scandinavians, wh, the UN’s Wrld Happiness Reprt suggests, are the happiest peple in the wrld. It’s wrth pausing t think abut why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels f happiness. They are appreciative f a functining sciety where they have ecnmic security and where scial institutins supprt everyne. Yet, there is smething else. They value “mderatin”, a just enugh-ness. They dn’t chase happiness r wrk vertime fr mnths at a time. They remain grateful fr a healthy wrk-life balance. As a result f this satisfactin and cntentment, they feel their lives have value.
S, take sme time t be thankful. It can impact yur happiness and enhance many aspects f yur life.
1．What des happiness include besides what we usually think?

2．On what des gratitude have a psitive influence?

3．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they feel their lives have value.
4．Hw can yu exercise being grateful? (In abut 40 wrds)

（2024·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When I think abut running a timed mile in elementary schl PE class, I can still feel the full-bdy sensatin f stress. The mile run was part f the Natinal Physical Fitness Test, a bi annual assessment given t elementary thrugh high schl students, which included five events: the mile run, sit-ups, pull-ups r push-ups, a sit-and-reach and a shuttle run.
Twice a year, the tp 15 percent f participants natinwide were hnred with a Physical Fitness Award. At my schl, the winners’names were painted n ne f the gym’s walls. Fr years I stared admiringly at thse names, wndering if I wuld ever make the cut. But n matter hw hard I tried, I culd never pull my chin abve the bar.
I believe deeply in the value f physical activity fr bth the mind and the bdy. Hwever, it wasn’t until I was in my 30s and had run a half-dzen half-marathns, at a cmfrtable pace, that I even began t believe I was a sprtswman. I’ve heard similar stries frm many peple. My friend Natalia, a grup fitness instructr, said that fr years she saw herself as lacking athleticism thanks t her experience in PE class. It was nly when she tk a fitness class that she began t see herself as physically capable.
Their experiences, and my wn, made me believe even if PE class and fitness assessment fail t make yu develp a psitive relatinship with sprts, there is definitely a psitive pprtunity t make it a surce f jy in yur life.
It’s taken years t meet myself where I am. When I run a mile these days, I feel s gd by the end that I want t run anther. I still can’t d a traditinal pull-up, but a trainer at my gym recently intrduced me t assisted pull-ups with resistance bands; I delight in finally feeling up t the task.
Fitness shuldn’t be fr the few. We all benefit frm sprts, whether we earn ur names n the wall r nt.
5．What is the Natinal Physical Fitness Test?

6．What was in her mind when the authr stared at the names n the wall?

7．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t the authr, many peple fail in PE class r fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult t make sprts a surce f jy in their life.
8．What d yu think f the idea “fitness shuldn’t be fr the few” in the last paragraph? （In abut 40 wrds）

（2024·北京通州·模拟预测）
Frm birth, every persn needs ther human beings. Babies need t be cared fr t survive. Their first cnnectins usually cme frm parents and ther family members. But as children grw up, they spend mre time with thers. And they may r may nt feel cnnected t the peple they see every day. Sme peple feel different frm r rejected by their neighbrs, peple they wrk with r even their families. Peple wh dn’t feel like they belng ften feel lnely, even when thers are arund.
Peple find different ways t meet their natural desire t belng t a grup. Sme rely n their families while thers find cmmunities based n ther interests. These can include shared gals, life experiences r ppular culture.
Yu need thers fr many reasns. Cmmunity members can ffer advice r practical help when yu g thrugh difficult times. Yu can als grw as a persn frm helping thers
S what can yu d if yu lack a sense f belnging? The first step will usually be t make a cnscius effrt t reach ut t thers. Yu culd jin grups based n interests yu share. Or yu culd cntact an individual with whm yu have smething in cmmn and decide when t meet up. This may be uncmfrtable at first, but as with mst things, it becmes easier with practice. Fcusing n thers mre than n yurself may help. Ask questins that shw yu care abut thers’ lives. This will help them feel valued. If yu are shy, it will spare yu frm having t talk abut yurself t much.
Finding cmmunity requires a willingness t accept thers. But it is als imprtant t remain true t yurself. If a persn always hides his r her true thughts and feelings t fit in, hw culd he r she feel a sense f belnging? And it will be much easier if yu ask yurself what matters mst t yu.
Finding a place where yu belng may nt be easy. But it will help yu live a happier, mre fulfilled life. S if yu are the ne lking fr it, dn’t lse heart easily since it truly deserves the effrt.
9．Where are babies’ first cnnectins usually frm?

10．Why d yu need thers?

11．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶Fcusing n thers mre than n yurself may help when yu are finding cmmunity, s yu shuld ignre yur true feelings r thughts during this prcess.

12．Give an example t illustrate what benefit(s) having a sense f belnging has brught yu. (In abut 40 wrds)

（2024·北京丰台·二模）
Family values are a set f principles and beliefs that a family agrees upn, such as emphasizing the imprtance f hnest behavirs r valuing effrt and persistence in achieving gals. They are fundamental and determine hw members f a hme interact with each ther and with the wrld.
Family values determine what yu think is imprtant and what is gd. These values can help yu stay cnsistent when making decisins in everyday life, especially in mments f uncertainty. This is particularly true when yu’re ging t make quick decisins based n an emtinal reactin. Fr example, if hnesty and cmmunicatin are yur imprtant family values, yu’re mre likely t apprach cnflicts with an pen mind and a willing heart t talk thrugh issues. When finding yur family member has lied t yu, instead f acting thughtlessly, yu knw what t d—have a talk sincerely.
Family values serve as a guiding frce within the hme, but their impact extends far beynd, shaping scietal nrms and behavirs. Fr example, if several families plant genersity in their values, the next generatin will grw up t be mre generus. As a result, adults in this generatin are mre likely t take ther peple’s needs int cnsideratin when making difficult chices. They becme psitive cntributrs t the sciety, develping an atmsphere f care and cnsideratin that enhances cmmunal well-being.
Great influence as it has, family values are nt taught cnsciusly. Often, they get passed dwn withut being nticed. Thse values dn’t ever get questined. Whether yu’ve utlined them r nt, they’re present. And nce yu take wnership f thse values, yu can shape them t be in line with what yu expect yur family t be.
13．What are family values?

14．Hw can family values help t make decisins in everyday life?

15．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Family values have great influence within the hme, but they have nthing t d with shaping cmmn behavirs and rules in a sciety.
16．Please share ne f yur family values and explain hw it influences yu. (In abut 40 wrds)

（2024·北京朝阳·一模）
Gestures refer t the cmmunicatin where visible bdily actins are used t cmmunicate imprtant messages. They include mvement f hands, face, r ther parts f the bdy. Gestures benefit ur lives a lt. Take language learning.
In sme languages, certain syllables (音节) within wrds are prnunced with markedly mre weight than thers, called lexical stress. Languages such as English cmmnly feature lexical stress. Fr example, the wrd “accent” invlves mre emphasis n the first syllable, “ac”, than the secnd, “cent”. Native speakers f Chinese, hwever, dn’t use lexical stress and therefre find it difficult t learn languages that feature it.
Making any hand gesture culd help learners recgnize lexical stress, which has been prved by Xing Tian’s team. They selected 124 native Chinese speakers, wh watched vides f peple perfrming hand mvements that were synced(同步的) t recrdings f the same English wrds. In additin, they als fund when mre prnunced gestures matched the stressed syllable, the participants were particularly gd at identifying it.
The research invlved several experiments, which makes it difficult t cmbine the results. Nevertheless, Tian estimates that the use f gestures helped identify lexical stress between 10 and 15 percent mre accurately cmpared with n gestures at all, and hw much help depends n the nature f gestures.
A fllw-up study cnducted by anther team expsed the same Chinese speakers t Russian wrds and gt similar results. “Our findings highlight the functinal rle f gestures in enhancing speech learning, suggesting practical strategies fr language teaching and learning,” the researchers write in their paper.
The benefits f gestures extend far beynd teaching and learning. Since gestures are deeply integrated int ur daily lives, they deserve mre f ur attentin.
17．What d gestures mean?

18．What did Xing Tian’s team find in their study?

19．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Gestures help learn lexical stress, but the degree t which they help depends n the cmplexity f the lexical stress.

20．Besides what is mentined in the passage, hw d gestures benefit yu in yur life? (In abut 40wrds)

（2024·北京房山·一模）
As the saying ges, “time waits fr n man”. Time is always against us, and we just can’t stp it. Maybe that’s why sme f us are always running late fr appintments. But if timekeeping is nt what yu’re gd at, dn’t stress. There might be a gd reasn fr yur lack f punctuality.
Peple’s attitudes t being n time vary. Sme clck-watch and make sure they’re bang n time fr a meeting. It is, after all, rude t be late, and if yu can make it n time, why can’t everyne else? But if, like me, yu want t make every secnd cunt, yu might try t squeeze as much as yu can int the time yu have available. Hwever, when yur schedule desn’t run t plan, yur punctuality inevitably slips.
Peple wh lack prmptness have been described as “time benders”. Authr Grace Pacie tld the BBC that “they’re the peple wh dn’t want t be late, but they have a strange resistance t being early, and they dn’t allw enugh time.” They assume their jurney t an appintment will always g smthly, and the train will always be n time!
Perceptins f unpunctual peple are almst always negative — even if smetimes wrng. Experts say: Being cnsistently late might nt be yur fault. It culd be yur type. The punctually-challenged ften share persnality characteristics, such as ptimism, lw levels f self-cntrl, anxiety, r a penchant fr thrill-seeking. It is als pssible peple are late s nt t be cnspicuus and t avid the anxius wait fr thers t turn up.
Maybe we latecmers shuld make mre f an effrt and fllw the advice I heard t nt “try” t be n time but “decide” t be n time.
21．What des “time benders” refer t?

22．What are the persnality characteristics f time benders?

23．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t Grace Pacie, time benders dn’t care abut being late s they dn’t allw enugh time.

24．What d yu usually d t be n time? (In abut 40 wrds)

（2024·北京东城·一模）
If yu are a psychlgy enthusiast, yu have prbably heard f the famus marshmallw test (棉花糖实验). In this task, kids are given a marshmallw, and are tld that they can eat that marshmallw nw, r wait a little while, and have tw marshmallws instead. Sme kids eat the marshmallw immediately, but mst try their best t wait fr tw.
When the researchers fllwed up with thse kids later in life, children wh waited lnger had better life utcmes: mre academic success, better scial behavir, and even markers f better health. They believe thse children wh keep waiting are the nes with the mst self-cntrl-a key factr in success, and that’s why they are s successful later.
But what if the behavir in the marshmallw test has mre t d with cultural nrms than self-cntrl?
A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide hw lng t wait fr rewards based n what they are accustmed t waiting fr in their culture. Fr example, in the United States, there is n widespread mealtime custm f waiting until everyne is served. In Japan, hwever, there is.
Because f this difference in nrms, the researchers hypthesized that Japanese children wuld wait lnger in the marshmallw test than the American children. This is exactly what they fund later in experiments.
But this isn’t cnclusive evidence; after all, maybe Japanese children actually have better self-cntrl, r maybe they differ frm American children in ther ways that culd explain the result.
In the U. S., gifts are usually given n special ccasins and children usually have t wait befre they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, hwever, gift-giving happens mre ften, and children usually pen presents immediately.
Given these cultural differences, scientists expected that if they ran the test with gifts instead f marshmallws, American kids wuld wait lnger. Once again, their hypthesis was crrect.
This is a pwerful result because it demnstrates the imprtance f culture and habit in shaping behavir. If a child waits nly few minutes befre giving up n tw marshmallws but much lnger t unwrap a gift, can we really say that child lacks self-cntrl? I dn’t think s. I think it just means that they are adjusting well t their scial settings.
25．Accrding t the researchers, why d children wh wait lnger have better life utcmes?

26．What was the purpse f the 2022 study?

27．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallws.

28．Besides the cases mentined in the passage, please give ne r tw examples t shw hw culture shapes yur behavir. (In abut 40 wrds)

（2024·北京朝阳·模拟预测）
I had a great interest in researching the tpic f hw t imprve yur sense f directin, because my wn sense f directin is abslutely terrible. Take ging t the tilet in a restaurant, fr example. I can find my way there easily enugh because there are signs pinting me in the right directin. But getting back t my table is anther stry. After all, there are n helpful signs saying, “This is where yu were sitting less than five minutes ag”.
Hwever, rather than accept the situatin f myself frequently walking int cupbards and backtracking dwn dead ends, I’m determined t give my sense f directin a much-needed imprvement.
Nwadays, f curse, it’s easy t rely n GPS (全球卫星定位系统) t find yur way. But if yu really want t imprve yur sense f directin, it’s a gd idea t cunt n yurself.
Studying a map and memrizing the way befre yu set ut des have its benefits—nt least because the amunt f mental energy it requires means it’s mre likely t stick in yur mind. Lking at electrnic maps n a big screen—r even studying a paper map—als allws yu t get a sense f that all-imprtant bigger picture and hw everywhere fits tgether.
Paying full attentin is key, t. It’s imprtant t ntice what’s arund yu—in all directins. Instead f staring straight ahead, make sure yu lk up, dwn and behind yu as well. This will cme in particularly useful when yu’re n the return jurney—even if it’s just finding yur way back frm the tilet in a restaurant.
Try t relax when yu’re n unfamiliar grund. It’s all t easy t be anxius and afraid if yu imagine yu may be lst—but this sudden feeling f anxiety will nly prevent yu frm calmly wrking ut which way t g. Besides, getting lst is ne f the best ways t discver new places and add mre detail t that ever-grwing mental map—bth f which will help yu becme “directin smarter” in the lng term.
Finally, yur sense f directin is a use-it-r-lse-it skill. If yu nly stick t the ways yu already knw, it’s never ging t get any better. S, nw’s the time t start explring!
1．What prblem des the writer have accrding t the passage?

2．Accrding t the passage, what can we d t imprve the sense f directin?

3．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, and then underline it and explain why.
T becme “directin smarter”, we need t stay calm instead f being anxius, s we must avid getting lst in all circumstances.

4．In additin t the ways mentined in the passage, what else can yu d t find yur ways in a new place? (In abut 40 wrds)

（2024·北京朝阳·二模）
When Eugenie Gerge first heard that her friend passed the accuntant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate t advance her wn career. “My inner child gt upset,” recalls Gerge. But then, she called her friend. “I tld her I failed and admitted I was envius,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised t realize she culd share her friend’s happiness and experience her wn, in tum. “I cngratulated my friend and tld her she inspired me,” Gerge says.
This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in anther persn’s success, even if it desn’t directly invlve us. Freudenfreude is like scial glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a prfessr f psychlgy at Ursinus Cllege. It makes relatinships “clse and mre enjyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s rle in daily life and fund that it culd imprve life satisfactin and even help peple c-perate during a cnflict.
While the benefits f freudenfreude are plentiful, it desn’t always cme easily. If yu were raised in a family that paired winning with self-wrth, Chambliss says, yu might misread smene else’s victry as yur wn persnal shrtcming. Besides, mental health can als affect yur ability t participate in smene else’s jy. Negative emtins like anger r dislike may lead t the ppsite f freudenfreude.
Luckily, the ability f freudenfreude can be exercised. T help peple strengthen jy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his clleagues develped a prgramme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They fund that depressed students wh used the practices fr tw weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relatinships and imprved their mds. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is wrthwhile t explre ways t encurage the feeling.
5．Accrding t scientists, what is freudenfreude?

6．What impact des freudenfreude have n daily life?

7．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Freudenfreude desn’t always cme easily, and it is affected by yur family envirnment and physical health.
8．Besides Gerge’s experience mentined in the passage, please describe ne f yur experiences f freudenfreude. (In abut 40 wrds)

（2024·北京昌平·二模）
I always wanted t be like explrers Marc Pl r Ibn Battuta. They traveled the wrld with curisity and a desire t share with thers the marvels they discvered. They had n Internet, guidebks, scial media, blgs, vlgs, reviews, r slideshws. And with s much infrmatin available, hw can ne pssibly be like these travel writing pineers?
The answer may shck yu as it did my travel jurnalism students. I plan nthing in advance except fr a place t stay and let the place reveal itself t me n its wn terms. And hw des that wrk ut? I have cntributed t 130 internatinal publicatins with articles abut what I discvered.
I d nt recmmend this apprach t everyne. But what I d suggest is that yu give up yur desire t have everything planned in advance, and that yu stp bsessing abut all the trip details and trying t make it a perfect trip. Whether yu are traveling with a tur grup, friends, family, r sl, leave unstructured time, s magic can happen.
Many peple I knw apprach travel like a jb, and a stressful ne at that. They want t make sure they cver all the bases and dn’t miss anything. But in my pinin, they cpy what thers have dne befre them and check each site ff n a list.
S hw d yu make yur trip unique? I call it slw travel. It’s nt just abut slwing dwn. Instead f running frm place t place, yu lk arund yu, yu take yur envirnment in, yu ntice things that perhaps n ne has ever nticed befre. Yu can start talking t peple. Randm peple yu meet and talk t are a key element yu cannt plan fr. They may tell yu abut places and events that will enrich yur trip. They give yu lcal insider tips. They may even accmpany yu r invite yu t jin them fr an experience. They have enriched every trip I have taken. And the mre yu talk t peple — even if yu are shy — the mre yu develp the self - cnfidence t d mre f it. And then yu are really in the present, having an experience that is uniquely yurs.
9．Why des the authr’s way f travelling shck her students?

10．What des the authr think f mst peple’s way f travelling?

11．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Yu can make yur trip unique by making a detailed plan, nticing new things in the place and meeting lcal peple t experience lcal life.
12．Besides slw travel, in what ther aspect （s） in ur life d yu think we shuld slw dwn? Why? （In abut 40 wrds）

（2024·天津南开·二模）
At 16 years ld, Sam had always been a relatively gd student. He put in an effrt t get gd grades and keep his parents happy. Neither f his parents had had the pprtunity t attend university and fr them, Sam becming a lawyer was their biggest ambitin. He knew that achieving this gal wuld make them happy, but the truth was that he wasn’t sure whether he wuld feel the same.
Since he was nly a child, Sam had been passinate abut cmputer prgramming. He taught himself hw t use a cmputer, and by the age f 12 he had knwn three different prgramming languages. He did all f this in his spare time. He was quite an intrvert (内向的人) , s he preferred staying in with his cmputer, rather than ging ut scialising r playing sprts. His parents were fine with this, as lng as he cntinued t fcus n his studies.
One day, while reading an article nline abut a yung technlgy billinaire called Thmas O’Cnnr, everything changed fr Sam. In the article, the CEO said that his cmpany was trying t create a new and imprved way f paying fr gds nline but that they were having a prblem with the security system. He said if they culd vercme this, they culd launch the biggest and best nline payment system in the wrld. Sam realised he had an idea n hw t slve this prblem. Thinking that it wuldn’t cme t anything, he emailed the CEO, intrducing himself and explaining his idea.
He frgt all abut it and gt n with his life and studies, but then a mnth later, the mst amazing thing happened. He gt a respnse directly frm the CEO. He tld him he lved his idea and wuld like him t fly t America t meet with him. He said he knew Sam still needed t finish schl, but that when he had, he wuld be happy t ffer Sam a jb in the cmpany. Sam was verjyed, but sn began t wrry. What abut his parents’ ambitin fr him? Shuld he tell them r turn dwn the ffer? It was a difficult decisin t make.
13．What was Sam’s parents’ biggest hpe fr him? (n mre than 10 wrds)

14．Hw did Sam learn t use a cmputer? (n mre than 5 wrds)

15．Why did Sam email the CEO? (n mre than 15 wrds)

16．What did the CEO prmise Sam? (n mre than 10 wrds)

17．D yu think Sam shuld tell his parents abut the ffer? And give yur reasns. (n mre than 20 wrds)

（2024·北京西城·二模）
Fur Clmbian children survived a plane crash nly t be lst deep in the Amazn rainfrest fr well ver a mnth. This is hw they survived this hrrifying situatin.
It’s mst peple’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash nly t be trapped in a jungle with n way f cntacting the utside wrld. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and fur, as well as an 11-mnth-ld baby, were flying with their mther frm their village in the Amazn t visit their father in San Jsé del Guaviare. The single-engine Cessna n which they were flying experienced engine prblems and disappeared n May 1, 2023.
Bad weather prevented the army frm finding the crash site fr tw weeks, where they then fund the dead bdies f three adults, including the children’s mther. Hw did these children survive cnditins that wuld be an unimaginable struggle fr mst adults? They are members f the Huitt Indigenus grup and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding f the rainfrest. They knw which fruits are safe t eat and which plants shuld be avided.
Wrking with, rather than against, the Amazn, they survived n fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flur that they fund n the plane. While the children gt n with the business f surviving, the Clmbian army wrked with Indigenus vlunteers t find them. After 40 days f searching, the children were fund and taken t recver at a military hspital in Bgta.
While many arund the wrld have taken this survival stry t be a miracle, thers pint ut that it is the result f an ancient and intimate knwledge f the rainfrest that has been passed dwn thrugh Indigenus cmmunities ver the generatins. Indigenus tribes have a clse relatinship t the Amazn, marked by a deep respect fr the frest that prvides them with shelter and nutritius ingredients. It is their clse cnnectin t and understanding f the rainfrest that undubtedly helped the children t survive.
18．What made the plane n which they were flying crash?

19．Why did it take the army s lng t find the children after the accident?

20．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
 The children survived the hrrifying situatin by fighting against the Amazn rainfrest.

21．What lessn can yu learn frm the stry? (In abut 40 wrds)

（2024·北京大兴·三模）
“I knw I shuld d it, but exercising makes me feel miserable. I’m ut f breath, ht and sweaty, and it just hurts. ” Des this sund familiar? Yu’re nt alne.
Abut 97 percent f us think that getting enugh exercise is imprtant fr health. One study f 3, 500 adults wh used a fitness tracker fund that less than 4 percent actually met the gal f 150 minutes f mderate activity per week.
Aside frm health, what are yur mtivatins fr exercising? A 2024 study f 489 yung Spanish adults fund that men exercise t imprve their self-image, while wmen are mre likely t be mtivated by weight lss r reducing bdy fat. The findings suggest that there’s a relatinship between intrinsic mtivatin and level f physical activity, but hw d yu get intrinsically mtivated if exercise makes yu feel miserable?
Here are a few suggestins t help yu vercme yur bad feelings abut exercise:
First, recgnize that mst habitual exercisers experience sme discmfrt with their wrkut. The trick fr yu is t limit the discmfrt while exercising. Yur exercise shuld be physically challenging, but if yu’re really struggling, dial it dwn. Ease up, g slwer, use less weight, take a break, r stp sner; whatever it takes s that yu can feel the effrt yu’re making but yu’re nt verwhelmed by it. Yu’re nt being a quitter as lng as yu cmplete the exercise and d it again the next time.
Secnd, pair exercise with smething that yu enjy. Get earbuds s yu can listen t music r a favrite pdcast. Yu can als give yurself a reward fr finishing the wrkut. Fr example, yu culd nly watch a favrite prgram n days that yu’ve exercised.
Third, d the activity with a friend. If yu set a rutine exercise schedule with yur friend, yu’ll g, even if yu dn’t feel like ding s. Yu wuldn’t want t disappint yur friend, wuld yu?
Maybe instead f hating exercise, yu can dislike it less and take pride in ding it and enjying its effects.
22．Hw many f the peple invlved in the study actually get enugh exercise?

23．What d the findings f 2024 study suggest?

24．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Even the mst habitual exercisers experience sme discmfrt with their wrkut, s the mre physically challenging, the mre effective yur exercise wuld be.
25．What ther ways can make yu dislike exercise less? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)

（2024·天津·一模）
When Li Th first came t China t pursue his flute (长笛) dream, the Malaysian man had never expected that his dream culd take rt in China.
Th’s lve fr the Chinese bamb flute began in primary schl when his elder brther jined the Chinese rchestra in middle schl t learn t play the musical instrument. He said the clear sund f the bamb flute guided him nt the rad f flute learning. As he gt lder, Th went t Singapre fr further study.
Accrding t Th, there were few prfessinal Chinese bamb flute teachers in Malaysia, and the learning envirnment fr bamb flute players was limited. In 2005, Th made a bld decisin. He applied fr retentin (保留) f his admissin qualificatins t the university he had already attended, and set ff fr Beijing. A new chapter f his life thus began.
After getting his bachelr’s degree, Th started t teach the Chinese bamb flute in Malaysia and Singapre. His desire t imprve his perfrmance skills and his thirst fr knwledge drve him back t Beijing t cntinue his studies.
Th had planned t return t Malaysia after graduatin, but upn graduatin, Guangxi Arts University ffered him a jb. During his stay in China, he has als jined teams and perfrmed in cuntries such as Vietnam, the Philippines and Cambdia. They tried t cmbine the Chinese bamb flute with lcal musical instruments. Cmmunicatin and innvatin prmted the develpment f diverse art culture and enriched the cultural layers f art.
In recent years, Th wuld return t Malaysia during hlidays t prmte the art f the Chinese bamb flute. Having been in China fr mre than a decade, Th’s lve fr the cuntry has lng been rted in his heart, and he is lking frward t the prsperity and develpment f cultural industries in China.
26．What made Th start learning the bamb flute? (n mre than 4 wrds)

27．What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 3 mean? (1 wrd)

28．Why did Th return t Beijing? (n mre than 13 wrds)

29．What did Th d in China after graduatin? (n mre than 12 wrds)

30．What d yu think f Th? Please give yur reasns. (n mre than 20 wrds)

（2024·天津·二模）
Abut 15 years ag, Andrew McLindn, an entrepreneur and avid cyclist was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thught abut a friend’s 12-year-ld sn. The by had never knwn the jy f biking because he suffered frm hydrcephalus, a build-up f fluid in the brain that ften causes balance disturbances.
When he gt hme, McLindn, nw 60, went nline and fund a three-wheel recumbent bike with a seat belt, perfect fr a child with balance issues. Sn the by was pedaling arund the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise. But there was mre, as McLindn gt frm his friend’s reactin. “T see his sn interacting with ther kids,” McLindn says. “I’ll never frget the smile n his face.”
That smile launched the McLindn Family Fundatin. Funded by dnatins, the grup wrks with pediatric rehab clinics (儿科康复诊所) t find children wh can benefit frm wning an adaptive bike and t help craft each bike t the particular needs f the child. A bike may include a headrest, a shulder harmess, a seat belt, and a caregiver’s steering and brakes in the back. The bikes are expensive: $3,000 t $4,000, and that’s with the fundatin’s steep manufacturer’s discunt, Fr kids lucky enugh t get ne, they’re a life changer.
“We wrked with a 14-year-ld wh has spina bifida (脊柱裂),” says McLindn. “She spent mst days n the cuch watching TV. Sn after she gt her bike, she was training fr special-needs triathlns. In a magazine interview, she said, ‘I always knew there was an athlete in me.’”
S far, the fundatin has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I d a lt f things. I run a lt f cmpanies,” McLindn says. “But getting these kids their bikes is the mst imprtant thing that I d.”
31．What kind f disease is “hydrcephalus” ?(n mre than 15 wrds)

32．What inspired McLindn t launch the McLindn Family Fundatin?(n mre than 15 wrds)

33．What’s the purpse f the McLindn Family Fundatin?(n mre than 15 wrds)

34．What des the bike recipient mean by saying “I always knew there was an athlete in me”?(n mre than 10wrds)

35．What kind f persn d yu think McLindn is? Please explain in yur wn wrds.(n mre than 20 wrds)

【2024.北京高考真题】
Grwing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my wn effrts t be enugh. When I decided t pursue a pstgraduate degree, I wanted t develp a nvel research prgramme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically ptimistic abut what I culd achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my cmmittee members warned me abut the challenges I wuld face. But my need fr independence drve me t push frward with my research plan. As a result, the first fur years f my pstgraduate career were defined by a series f failures.
During my secnd year, I failed my cmprehensive exam because my prpsal was unclear. During my third year, I discvered that after treating thusands f seeds, I btained just ne plant I culd use fr experiments. By my furth year, my desperatin t succeed vershadwed my desire fr independence.
My adviser and I devised (想出) a smewhat unusual slutin: I wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating (合作的) lab t btain specialised training. I wrked extensively with ther students, cnstantly asked questins, and helped with nging prjects t learn everything I culd. Finally, I cnducted an elegant experiment that wuld nt have been pssible withut the help f the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a grundbreaking success, emphasising the cllabrating skills I acquired. A few mnths later, when I repeated the experiment in my hme lab, I prduced mre publishable data. By learning when t ask fr help, I eventually fund myself n the way t becming an independent scientist.
40. In the beginning, what drve the authr t push frward with the research plan?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What was the slutin by the adviser and the authr after thse repeated failures?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Frm this stry, what can yu learn abut “independence”? (In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【2023 北京高考真题】
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Habit frmatin is the prcess by which behaviurs becme autmatic. Peple develp cuntless habits as they explre the wrld, whether they are aware f them r nt. Understanding hw habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin. A persn is thught t develp a habit in the curse f pursuing gals by beginning t assciate certain cues(刺激) with behaviural respnses that help meet the gal. Over time, thughts f the behaviur and ultimately the behaviur itself are likely t be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit lp(环)” is a way f describing several related elements that prduce habits. These elements are called the cue, the rutine, and the reward. Fr example, stress culd serve as a cue that ne respnds t by eating, which prduces the reward﹣the reductin f stress. While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult t shake, and healthy habits are ften harder t develp. But thrugh repetitin, it’s pssible t frm new habits. The amunt f time needed t build a habit will depend n multiple factrs, including the individual and the intended behaviur. While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit. Take sme time t think abut what leads t bad habits and re﹣evaluate what yu get ut f them (r dn’t). Cnsider and keep in mind why yu want t make a change, including hw the change reflects yur values.
20．Hw are habits built?

21．In what way is a rutine different frm a habit?

22．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.

23．What benefit(s) have yu gt frm ne f yur gd habits?(In abut 40 wrds)

（2023·天津·高考真题）
Herman Cruse, a schl bus driver frm New Jersey, has been with Middle Twnship Public Schls fr the past nine years. He believes bus drivers are the eyes and ears f students when they're away frm hme and they have a gift t discern what kids are feeling.
During ne mrning ride, Cruse nticed a kindergartner seemed a little sad. When Cruse asked him what was wrng, the by explained that he wasn't able t cmplete his reading assignment because his parents were busy with his fur siblings (兄弟姐妹). An idea suddenly crssed Cruse's mind. “Listen, if yu dn't mind, I'd like t cme t the schl and read with yu. ”he said.
After receiving permissin frm the by's teacher, Alex Bakley, Cruse shwed up at her classrm the fllwing week. When he walked in, the by shuted prudly, “Hey, that's my bus driver!”They went int a quiet crner and began reading tgether. Later, a secnd student wanted t read with him, then a third. All the kids went t the teacher asking, “Can I read with Mr. Herman?”
Cruse nw vlunteers t help kindergarten students with reading tw days a week, and n a third day, he instructs the schl's first-and secnd-graders. After drpping the kids ff at schl, f curse. Every child lks up t Cruse, bth n and ff the schl bus. “Herman is super psitive and he's a bright light at ur schl wh makes every child feel lved and heard. ”said Bakley.
Fr Cruse, what started ut as a way t kill time has nw develped int a way t make a difference in the heart f a child. He used t g t the gym r library after delivering students t schls. It wasn't until he ffered t help the by n the bus that he realized there was smething mre rewarding he culd be ding. It's a jy fr him t see the kids get excited when they learn t sund ut wrds. He lves hw reading pens up a new wrld fr them.
1．What des the underlined wrd mean in Paragraph 1? (1 wrd)

2．Why did the by n the bus lk a little upset? (n mre than 11 wrds)

3．What help des Cruse ffer after delivering students t schls? (n mre than 12 wrds)

4．Why des Cruse think his vluntary wrk is rewarding accrding t the last paragraph? (n mre than 16 wrds)

5．Wh's “a bright light” in yur life? Please explain in yur wn wrds. (n mre than 20 wrds)

【2022.北京高考真题】
Tm, a 15-year-ld inventr and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his wn schl the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had t be a better prtable drink slutin and decided t innvate frm smething he saw in his wn hme: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tm watched his mum make healthy fruit infusins but then struggle fr a take-alng ptin. Frm bserving his mum and frm his desire t give kids better drink ptins, he came up with his riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle. “I wanted t cme up with a healthy, natural way fr peple t drink when n the g. A big part f my missin is t get peple f all ages ff sugary drinks,” Tm explains.
The bttle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allws the great tastes and natural sugars f the varius fruits and vegetables yu chse t cme thrugh the water, withut any f the seeds r skins flwing thrugh.
Tm is prud f his design and excited t be selling the Fun Bttle n his website and in stres, but this 15-year-ld is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers. It helps t prvide healthy alternatives t sugary drinks; and als Tm dnates part f the prfits t the Organisatin fr a Healthier Generatin (OHG).
Tm has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innvatr remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give ther entrepreneurial yuth, he says, “Prepare and have yur family’s supprt. It is imprtant t knw frm the beginning that there are a lt f highs and lws, and there is n such thing as vernight success.”
20．What did Tm witness at his wn schl?
21．Where did Tm get the idea fr the riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle?
22．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers because he nt nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but als dnates all the prfits t the OHG.
23．Amng Tm’s qualities, which ne(s) d yu think will be imprtant fr us? Why?(In abut 40 wrds)
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