考点24 高考高频考点语法填空（含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义（北京专用）

这是一份考点24 高考高频考点语法填空（含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义（北京专用），文件包含考点24高考高频考点语法填空教师版备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义北京专用docx、考点24高考高频考点语法填空学生版备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义北京专用docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共46页， 欢迎下载使用。
北京近三年高考真题考点分布
其他省份高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
分析近几年新高考语法填空题可知，语法填空命题侧重三个方面：中国传统文化、世界科技进步、自然环境。注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解，推动世界文明共同发展。
从2024年北京卷语法填空看，长难句进一步增加，强化考生英语的实际运用能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的综合考查。语法填空题命题突出语境，命题包含“词、句、篇”三个层面，彰显“无语境不命题”。考查以实词为主，虚词为辅；谓语和非谓语动词是每年必考点，并列句和复合句也是高考热点；介词考查相对比较频繁。名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等;
【备考策略】
通读全文，将所有答案代入短文中进行检查，注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。
【命题预测】
2025年语法填空仍然会遵循实词为主，虚词为辅的原则，重点体现中华文明和家国情怀等文化素养。
有提示词
无提示词

考点一 有提示词
01动词
1.分析句子结构若为简单句，在主语后面要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应填谓语动词。
2.分析句子结构若为并列句，可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。
3.分析句子结构若为复合句，可知主从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
解题技巧
1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；
2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态；
3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。
解题步骤：
判断时态
判断语态
判断主谓一致
判断非谓语动词
一 当动词作谓语时
（新高考I卷）Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse ____60____(walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr the first time.
一 当动词作非谓语时
典例1
After the end f the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allwing turists at hme and abrad (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
典例2
Shyness is a frce which prevents us frm realizing ur ptential and (enjy) the cmpany f ther peple.
典例3
In the lng histry f Chinese civilizatin, we may feel that the unique Chinese characteristics are all arund us and all within us, ____ (reflect)in Kungfu t a large extent.

02名词
（2024新课标I卷）The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied t create this prtective 57functinal structure that is als beautiful.
03 形容词&副词
当所给提示词虽为形容词或副词且不是考查比较等级时，则应考虑形容词或副词的词性转换，一般常考查形容词变为副词或名词。做题时，除了根据句意进行判断外，主要应从其所作成分去思考。
形容词变副词的变化规则
比较等级的变化规则
当提示词为形容词或副词时，常考查比较等级(即比较级和最高级)。此时一般可根据所给提示词前后的than, by, the, even等比较等级中常出现的特殊词汇并结合语意去进行判断。
几种常见的比较级考查点:
句中含有“than...”结构用比较级。
句中虽然没有“than...”结构,但暗含比较的意味,也用比较级。
表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。
常放在比较级前面用来修饰比较级的词和短语有 much,far,still,even,rather,a little, a bit, a lt, a great deal 及数字、倍数等。
平级比较的两个基本句式:
as+形容词(副词)原级+as..“和……一样”。 nt as/s+形容词(副词)原级+as...“不如……”。
as+形容词原级a(n)+n.as..“和……一样”。
3. 否定词n，nt，never等与比较级连用可表示最高级意义
4. 最高级的一个基本结构:
句中常有比较的范围，如f all, in all，表达在某个范围内“最……”,使用“the+最高级+比较范围”结构。
1.（2024全国甲卷）They all agreed and vwed (承诺) t prmte the idea at the 68 (cmplete ) f their jurney. Their prmtinal wrk paid ff.
2.The Renminbi pictures have helped make these classic Chinese landscapes even (ppular) amng turists.
04 代词
1.所给词为代词时，常考查人称代词变为物主代词，此时其后一般会有一个名词，所给代词就是用来修饰这个名词的，译作“……的”。
2.所给词为代词时，有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。这两种情况一般可依据所作成分或句意进行判断。
As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in __________ (I). While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is a must t
05 数词
数词主要考查基数词变序数词。
（2023全国甲卷）Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the 62 (six) century, B. C.
考点二 无提示词
无提示词主要考查方向：介词、冠词、连接词、代词等。
01 介词
（2024全国甲卷）This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved __________all peple f the natin t enjy - as a natinal park.
02 代词
无提示词缺少主语或宾语，一定填代词，主要考查it作形式主语或形式宾语。
it的用法
(1) it可用作人称代词用来指代事物成上文提到过的内容。
(2) it作形式主话或形式宾语代指不定式动词-ing形式、名词性从句。
(3)表示“喜欢、憎恨”等心理方面的动词后常接it作形式宾语、然后再接真正宾语(宾语从句)，这类动词有enjy，prefer, lve, like. hate, dislike, appreciate 等.
2.不定代词和替代词的用法
(1) bth,either,neither 都强调两者，可作主语、宾语和定语。neither 表示“两者都不”，either 表示"两者中任何一个"，bth表示“再者都”。
(2) all 和 nne 都强调三者或三者以上,all 表示“全部都”，面 nne 表示”全都都不”。
(3) anther 表示“(三者以上中的)另一个,再一个”。the ther 意为“(两者中的)另一个”。ther 意为“其余的。
另外的"。thers泛指其余的人或物。
(4)that/these 可用来替代前面出现过的名词。that替代单数名词或不可数名间，面thse 替代复数名词放集合名词。
(5)ne指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为nes。
When the BBC asked her what kind f persn______ takes t walk arund the wrld, Maxwell said, “It’s prbably a cmbinatin f ambitin, a little stubbrnness and a pinch f passin—nt fr hiking as a sprt, but fr self-discvery and adventure.
03 冠词
名词前面如果没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词等），很可能填冠词。（具体考查泛指、特指、固定短语中的冠词）
As expert fr the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, peple have asked me if having a shy persnality is smething we are brn with r if it’s smething we develp based n ur experiences.
04 连词
两个主谓之间一定有连词。（如果两个主谓结构的句子之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，则空格处一定填连接词或关系词。）
并列连词：
若两个或两个以上的单词或短语之间没有连词,此时就考虑填连接词。主要的连词有表示并列关系的and和表示选择关系的r等。
并列句一般由“简单句+并列连词+简单句”构成,有时并列连词前有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如同等关系(and)转折关系(but)选择关系(r)、因果关系(s)等。
（2024新课标I卷）Edmndsn said, “It was very exciting t hear the Chinese language ________ see hw Tang’s play was being perfrmed.”
从属连词：
用来引导名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的引导词，它们。判断空格处填哪一类引导词,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后，可以分析从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语,如果缺少以上成分,一般情况下要使 what,有时可能使用wh/whm或which;如果不缺少以上成分,则考虑句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以使用 that,意思完整的则考虑if/whether,where,why,hw, because 等。
（2023新高考II卷）They als need t be ready t give interviews in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is _________ they need an English trainer.
(2) 定语从句:当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他,然后判断引导词在从句中的成分。再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。
（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute _______ brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
（24-25高三上·北京朝阳·开学考试）
Hangzhu, the capital city f East China’s Zheijiang prvince, is ne f the seven ancient capitals f China. As a cre city f the Yangtze River Delta, Hangzhu 1 (be) ne f the mst prsperus cities in China fr mre than 1,000 years, and is hme 2 a myriad f natural attractins and histrical legacies. The West Lake is definitely a place 3 peple can never miss when visiting Hangzhu. 4 (situate) in the center f the city, the lake prvides cnvenient public transprt access. The Hangzhu gvernment als ffers free public bikes fr turists t travel arund the lake. The parks arund the lake are all free t visit.
（24-25高三上·北京·开学考试）
Nwadays, many peple have mre than ne jb, r a slash career. Fr peple 5 (encurage) slash careers, secndary jbs 6 (becme) enjyable if they can include interests the primary jb desn’t tuch. On the ther hand, a slash career can be dangerus 7 wrk-life balance. Wrking mre than ne jb can fill up all f yur time. One might give up necessary things like relaxatin, exercise r time with ne’s family. Peple with slash careers need t think carefully abut 8 they use their time.
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）
An elderly cuple has becme stars in the marathn cmmunity. 9 (win) at least 200 medals frm sprts meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as rle mdels by many peple. Initially, the cuple started running just 10 (imprve) their health. Later, they decided t challenge themselves and signed up fr a marathn. Thugh neither f them had run a full marathn befre, they managed t cmplete it. They believe n matter 11 age it is, the marathn spirit f fighting t the end is essential.
（2024·北京海淀·二模）
Nathen 12 (cycle) alng a remte rad when he came acrss an abandned kitten. Mved by her sad eyes and pitiful mewing, Nathen decided t adpt her and named her Mil. Tgether, they experienced kindness, 13 (visit) charities, and rescued animals, frming an unbreakable bnd. Mil especially liked ging t the railway statin near their hme during rush hur, 14 cmmuting (通勤) was challenging fr mst peple. Often 15 (find) sitting n a ticket gate, Mil greeted cmmuters and brught smiles t all she encuntered, making the spring mrning a little brighter.
（2024·北京昌平·二模）
Released n Aug 30, 2023, a three-episde web series 16 (title) Escape Frm the British Museum has becme ppular nline fr its tuching and innvative stry. The series fllws the jurney hme f a Chinese jade teapt that has cme t life as a girl. She runs away frm the British Museum and cmes acrss a Chinese jurnalist 17 helps the artifact (文物) return t China. The series aims t raise brader awareness f Chinese artifacts that 18 (keep) abrad.
（2024·北京昌平·二模）
Wake up early enugh and prbably yu 19 （hear） a pleasant chrus f birds. This early singing can start as early as 4 a. m. and last fr several hurs. Birds d it 20 （attract） mates and warn ther birds t avid their place. One thery as t 21 they chse the early mrning t cmmunicate these imprtant messages is that the lw visibility makes it hard t d ther bird activities, like searching fr fd. Keeping their activity level lw, they chse t sing instead.
（2024·北京东城·二模）
When Lauren Schreder, a high schl student, 22 (shw) up t a cmmunity fd drive last year, she saw what peple there gt — just a lt f 23 (can) gds. She decided t becme the change she wanted t see. Schreder grew 7,000 punds f prduce and gave it all away t fd banks. Her wrk drew the attentin f Future Farmers f America, which gave her sme mney fr 24 (supply) and seeds. Her gal is 25 (dnate) 20,000 punds f vegetables by the time she graduates.
（2024·北京西城·二模）
A persn’s memry is like a hall with many rms, sme visited frequently, thers untuched 26 years. With age, smetimes, drs t certain memries becme lcked, requiring a special key 27 (access) them. These keys ften cme in the frm f specific sensry inputs—smething yu see, smell, tuch, taste, r hear. When a sensry input stimulates receptrs, signals are sent alng nerve cells t the brain, 28 they are prcessed and interpreted. The way ur senses cnnect with ur memries shws hw cmplex ur minds are. Knwing this helps us understand hw ur past affects hw we see and act in the present.
（2024·北京通州·二模）
A few years ag, Nike decided t create a new unifrm that wuld help athletes t g faster. The aim was 29 (reduce) wind resistance. The Swift Suit is made frm several different fabrics. Since its creatin, many wrld-class athletes 30 (run) in the Swift Suit. The famus athlete Cathy Freeman 31 (wear) her full-length green and silver suit when she cmpeted in the 400 metres sprint (短跑) at the Sydney 2000 Olympics and wn gld.
（2024·北京通州·二模）
Niagara Falls is a grup f falls, 1 (cmpse) f three falls. It refers t the Hrseshe Falls n the Niagara River f the Canadian side and the American Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls n the Niagara River f the American side. In the middle f the Niagara River there is an island named Gat Island, 2 divides the Niagara River int the Hrseshe and American Falls. The island prvides clse access 3 the Hrseshe and the Bridal Veil Falls.
（2024·北京·三模）
By analyzing large amunts f data, Al learns and 8 (imprve) with each new task it perfrms. This has led t a sharp rise in its use in many fields, including healthcare, transprtatin, and even educatin. In the healthcare industry, AI 9 (use) t diagnse diseases and design drugs. Anther area 10 AI is making an impact is in transprtatin. Autnmus vehicles, 11 (pwer) by machine learning algrithms, are becming mre cmmn n the rads.
（2024·北京大兴·三模）
After graduating frm the university 12 a bachelr’s degree in bitechnlgy in 2020, Jiang Ming started wrk as a keeper at the frest z, which is hme t mre than 3, 000 animals frm 260 species.
Brn and raised in a rural area f Jiangsu, he 13 (lve) animals and watched dcumentaries abut them since childhd.
During his jb interview at the z, when Jiang was asked 14 he had any experience in saving animals, he said the first ne he 15 (help) rescue was a small turtle his father fund in a river near his village.
（2024·北京·三模）
The tiger shark 16 (cnsider) t be ne f the mst dangerus sharks in the wrld. Why are tiger sharks s dangerus? First, they like t live 17 waters where humans usually swim, s the chances f an encunter are much greater. Secnd, tiger sharks are s strng and aggressive that they can easily hit a persn. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly 18 (design) fr cutting their fd, s it is certain 19 the damage will be disastrus.
（2024·北京海淀·一模）
A parent’s nightmare turned t relief in Flrida as plicemen swiftly rescued a missing five-year-ld girl with autism. The lcal plice launched a desperate search, 20 (use) air and grund effrts. Thermal imaging (热成像) 21 (lead) t the discvery f her in a swampy area. A bdy-wrn camera captured the heric mment f her rescue. 22 plicemen’s quick respnse, she was fund unharmed. The public praised the team’s efficiency in turning 23 culd have been a tragedy int a heartwarming reunin.
（2024·北京顺义·二模）
Davyn Jhnsn, an 11-year-ld by, was hnred by his cmmunity after saving tw lives in ne day. On Dec. 9, a chking student tripped int the classrm 24 Davyn was. Davyn did the Heimlich immediately and saved him. Hurs later, n his way hme, Davyn sptted a huse n fire. Everybdy 25 (run) ut except fr an elderly lady. As the wman struggled 26 (mve) using her walker, Davyn raced up the steps and helped her escape the burning building.
（2024·北京丰台·二模）
The Prt f Shanghai has been the busiest in the wrld fr 14 years running after 27 (vertake) the Prt f Singapre in 2010. The seaprt, situated at the muth f the Yangtze river, 28 (grw) t cver an area f 1.5 square miles since it was pened in 1842. Frm here, 500 millin tnnes f gds is handled in a year. There’s enugh space at Shanghai t receive this huge shipment, mst f 29 cnsists f cal, steel and machinery.
（2024·北京海淀·一模）
Li-in batteries stre a lt f energy in a small amunt f space. When that energy is released in an uncntrlled manner, it generates heat, 30 can transfrm certain internal battery cmpnents int burnable gases. Cnsumers shuld purchase batteries that are nly listed by a natinally 31 (recgnize) testing labratry and stp using the device if the battery shws signs f damage, such as an unusual smell, excessive heat, ppping sunds r change in clr. Amng all the places t charge these devices, 32 (safe) ne is utdrs away frm any structure and nt in direct sunlight.
（2024·北京朝阳·一模）
The Terractta Army (兵马俑) was fund in 1974 near Xi’an. It is frmed f mre than 8,000 sculptures, which 33 (bury) alngside the emperr Qin Shi Huang mre than 2,200 years ag. Nw, researchers have recreated the shes f ne sldier and analysis f them 34 (suggest) that shes wrn by the terractta sculptures were surprisingly flexible and slip resistant. If the recreated shes 35 (true) reflect the real nes, they can help build a better picture f 36 Qin dynasty sldiers wre and hw this might have aided them in battles.
【2024.北京高考真题】
A
Slwing dwn can cntribute significantly t persnal grwth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allws us t develp a deeper sense f ___12___ (self-aware). When we slw dwn, we create space t reflect n ur thughts and emtins, which helps us identify imprtant areas f ur lives and ___13___ (give) us the pprtunity t make right chices. T practise this, we need t establish clear ___14___ (bundary) in ur persnal and prfessinal life.
B
On April 5, 2024, Jhn Tinniswd ___15___ (name) the wrld’s ldest living man. And when ___16___ (ask) abut his new title, he shared the secret: mderatin (适度). Tinniswd, ___17___ desn’t smke and rarely drinks, credited mderatin fr helping him stay healthy during his lng life. “If yu eat t much r d t much f anything, yu’re ging t suffer eventually,” he said.
C
One day, I saw a by walking alng Gerge Street with an armful f bks. I thught ___18___ myself, “Why wuld he carry all his bks? ” Just then, sme kids ran at him, ___19___ (knck) his bks ut f his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went ut t him, and I ___20___ (jg) ver t him. As I handed him the glasses, he lked at me and said, “Thanks!”
（2023·北京·高考真题）
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as nes n punctuality (守时). I’m British. Sn after mving t Switzerland, I 34 (thrw) a huse-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests shwed up 35 (exact) n time. Years later, having mved t France. I turned up at the appinted hur fr a dinner, nly t find that n ther guest 36 (arrive) and my hstess was still in her sleeping suit.
（2023·北京·高考真题）
Mangrves, knwn as “red frest” in China, grw between land and sea, characterised by their cmplex rts. When 37 (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
Mangrves can help sften waves and prtect 38 (city) frm castal winds. Fr these reasns, they are praised as “castal guardians”. Up t nw, China 39 (establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.
（2023·北京·高考真题）
Nina has run marathns in 32 cuntries. All f her runs have a guiding purpse: t call attentin 40 glbal water issues. Nina recently finished her year-lng series f runs in Chicag, 41 thusands were attending a water cnference.She called fr actin 42 (address)the struggles f peple arund the wrld 43 (face) “t little water r t dirty water”. Her effrts have encuraged thers t take part by running thrugh a glbal campaign called“Run Blue”.
（2022·北京·高考真题）
Helen was walking dwn the street late 34 the evening, her arms filled with grcery bags. Fcused n balancing the bags, she didn’t ntice her wallet falling ut f her pcket. As Helen walked n, she heard a man charging twards her. Fearful that he might have an intentin 35 (harm) her, Helen started t run. Eventually, the man 36 (catch) up with her, and he was nly trying t return her wallet!
（2022·北京·高考真题）
Why d humans prefer sme smells ver thers? One thery, increasingly 37 (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy t explain hw we determine 38 smells are dangerus r nt: we learn. This has been adpted t ensure easier detectin f gas leaks. Gas naturally 39 (have) n recgnisable smell. Hwever, a strng smell is added s that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell assciated with danger.
（2022·北京·高考真题）
Since peple can’t always eat ut r ck fr 40 (they), they get takeut r rder delivery. Mre takeut and mre fd delivery equal mre waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f 41 are nly gd fr ne use. That’s a big prblem and it is getting even 42 (bad). The use f thse plastics 43 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The wrld wn’t survive if this situatin cntinues.
年份
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词副词
代词
介词
冠词
数词
并列句
连词
2024
3
3
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2023
3
3
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2022
4
2
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
年份
卷别
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词副词
代词
介词
冠词
数词
并列句
连词
2024
新课标I卷
1
2
3
1

1
1


1
新课标Ⅱ卷
2
3
2


1


1
1
全国甲卷
2
1
2
1
1
1



2
2023
新课标I卷

4

2
1
1
1

1

新课标Ⅱ卷
1
1
2
2

1
1

1
1
全国甲卷
1
3
1
1

2

1

1
全国乙卷
2
3
1
1

1


1
1
2022
新课标I卷
2
2
1
1

1
1

1
1
新课标Ⅱ卷
2
2
1
2



1
1
1
全国甲卷
1
3
1
2

1
1


1
全国乙卷
1
3
1
1
1
1
1

1

动词
做谓语：1.确定时态； 2. 确定语态；3. 确定主谓一致
不作谓语：
1. 作非谓语 a.分析在句中充当哪一种句子成分；b. 分析与谓语之间的先后关系；
c. 分析与所修饰之间的主被动关系；
2. 考虑词性转换
名词
1.考虑名词单数变复数；2.考虑名词变为所有格；3.考虑名词变为形容词；
形容词
1.考虑形容词变为副词；2.考虑加前缀变为反义词；3.考虑加前缀变为动词；4.考虑形容词或副词的级别变化。
代词
有提示词：①宾格形式：在句中作宾语或表语。②形容词性物主代词：在名词前作定语。③名词性物主代词：作主语、宾语或表语。④反身代词。
介词
考虑与空格前的词语搭配组成固定短语；
2.考虑介词在复杂语境中的核心意思。
代词
无提示词。可能填:①人称代词主格，②不定代词；③it，包括填作形式主语的it，替代后面作真正主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。
冠词
考虑冠词的基本用法和特殊用法；
连词
1.考虑并列连词；
2.考虑定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句引导词。
时态
关键步骤
查找
时态
标志
词
(1)看到ften，usually，always，smetimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the ther day等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。
(3)看到tmrrw，next year，in the future，sn等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。
(4)看到at this mment，at present，nw等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，s far/up t nw，fr＋时间段，ever since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到by then，by the end f...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
查找
连词
(1)可根据并列连词and，but，r，rather than，，nt als...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
查找常用句式
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：
sb+was/were ding sth. when sb. did...
This/It/That is the that sb. have/has dne...
This/It/That was the that sb. had dne...
(4) sb +had (just) dne sth. when＋一般过去时
(5) 祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
(6) It’s (high) time d sth.
语境暗示
分析句子结构，没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
一、非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
t d
t be dne
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
不定式
进行式
t be
ding
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
t have
dne
t have
been dne
不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词
一般式
ding
being dne
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生
完成式
having dne
having been dne
其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
一般式
dne
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
二、如何解答非谓语动词题目
分析句子结构，辨别 “谓语和非谓语”
首先判定所给动词是否充当句子的谓语，如果是，就用谓语形式；如果句子中并不缺谓语，则用非谓语形式。所以在解题过程中，首先必须明白非谓语动词虽然与动词有关，但它们都不是谓语动词。其次，必须培养识别英语句子谓语的能力，因为命题人经常就一些多义词、多性(词性)词，尤其是熟词生义设置题目，增加句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，从而导致考生理解失误，不能正确地划分句子主干，继而造成失分。
【例1】A study f travelers _______(cnduct) by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins in the wrld.
【分析】cnducted本题存在一词多义、一词多性的特征，由于不能找到正确的谓语动词，考生容易误填was cnducted或were cnducted。因name的常见词性为名词，考生会将题干中的“names”误认为是名词name的复数形式。其实，在本题中，name为谓语动词，意为“选定；指定”，因主语“A study f travelers(一项关于游客的研究)”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式names。找到谓语之后，可轻松推知此处应填非谓语动词，再由“study”与“cnduct”之间是被动关系，可知应填过去分词作后置定语。
2．寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系
非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词形式。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词形式。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。
【例2】 Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially （design)t help them succeed academically and persnally.
【分析】designed 句意：如今，大多数大学都为一年级学生开设一门专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面取得成功。句中已有谓语动词ffer，因此设空处应为非谓语动词形式；且动词design与其逻辑主语a curse之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填过去分词形式designed。
3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序
非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间，即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。非谓语动词的形式不同，所指时间的含义也不同。根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。如t have dne, having dne表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；t be ding, ding表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
【例3】 (wrk) fr tw days, Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule.
【分析】 Having wrked 考生容易误认为在句首设题，应填t wrk表示目的。然而，本题考查的是非谓语动词与谓语动词存在时间先后关系时的用法。并且句中的主语Steve与wrk之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词的完成式having dne。
规则
示例
例外
形容词直接加-ly变为副词
successful—successfully extreme—extremely actual-actually
full-fully
以-y结尾词变y为i再加-ly
easy—easily necessary---necessarily heavy—heavily
shy—shyly
以-le, -ble结尾词去e加y
gentle—gently pssible—pssibly prbable—prbably
true-truly whle-whlly
以-ic结尾词加-ally
specific—specifically scientific—scientifically basic-basically
public--publicly
以-ing结尾词直接加-ly
interesting—interestingly increasing—increasingly
以-ed结尾词直接加-ly
repeat-repeatedly hurried-hurriedly excited-excitedly
介词
考虑与空格前的词语搭配组成固定短语；
2.考虑介词在复杂语境中的核心意思。（详见本专辑专题第06讲）
代词
无提示词。可能填:①人称代词主格，②不定代词；③it，包括填作形式主语的it，替代后面作真正主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。（具体详见本专辑专题第03讲）
冠词
考虑冠词的基本用法和特殊用法；
连词
1.考虑并列连词；
2.考虑定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句引导词。
常见用法
in (表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等), n (表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间), at (表示特定的时间、节日、年龄), by (…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面)
1. in 与after的用法区别：A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after+时间点常用于一般将来时。
fr与since的用法区别：A.介词fr表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。
during与fr的用法区别：A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词fr。
befre与by的用法区别：A.介词befre表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。
in, at, n, t
1.at 与in 的用法区别：at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等。
2. at与n的用法区别：at用于门牌号。n用于路名。
3.in, n, t的用法区别：in表示“包含”，如：Beijing is in the nrth f China. n表示“紧邻”，如:Canada lies n the nrth f the U.S. t表示“没接触”，如：France lies t the suth f England.
with, in, by
in, with, by的用法区别：in表示“用材料、语言”。如： Can yu say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如：He prefers traveling by car.
at, in, n, t, beneath, ver, under, abve, belw, in frnt f / in the frnt f / behind, between / amng, ver/acrss/thrugh
1.in, n, at 的用法区别：in表示“排、行、组”。n表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。
2. n, ver, abve的用法区别：n表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。ver表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”。介词abve表示一般的“高于….”，“在…之上”。
3. under与belw的用法区别：under是ver的反义词即“在…下方”。belw是abve的反义词即“低于…” , “在…之下”。
4. acrss, thrugh, ver, past的用法区别：acrss着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”，强调从表面穿过。thrugh着重于“穿越” ，强调从一定的空间内穿过。ver多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。
其他 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this mrning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有ne, any, each, every, sme或all时，其前面不用介词，如：Yu can cme any day.
种类
常见用法
不定冠词 (a / an)
1. 修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an，而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如：an apple, a banana, an umbrella。
2. 与序数词连用，表示再一，又一”。如：Yu can try it a secnd time if yu fail.
3. 固定搭配。如：all f a sudden; as a matter f fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whle; at a distance; in a way。
定冠词 (the)
1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如：We have a cat and tw dgs. The cat is black and the dgs are white.
2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如： Pass me the dictinary, please.
3. 用于比较级前，特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如：Of the tw brthers, the yunger is mre interesting.
零冠词
1. 记忆口诀：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭，复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
2. 固定搭配。如：lse heart, by chance, in time, catch sight f, in place f。
特殊用法
1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如：a surprise 一件意外的事情；a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。
2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如：Can yu give me a secnd chance, please?
3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如：play the pian；play erhu。
考点
解题思路
关系代词
1.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作主语时，可以用关系词that或wh。
2.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作宾语时，可以用关系词that或whm或wh，也可以不填。
3.先行词指物且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。
4.先行词指人或物且所填关系词在从句中作定语时，可以用关系词whse。
5.在非限制性定语从句中不能用关系词that。
6.在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分时，可以用关系词as或which。as译为“正如”；which译为“这一点，这件事”，表明事物的状态或结果。
关系副词
先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作状语时，可以用关系词when，where或why。
注意：先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。
介词＋关系词
1.关系词依据先行词来确定，如果先行词指人，用whm；如果先行词指物，用which；如果先行词指人或物，且关系词在从句中作定语，则用whse。
2.介词根据以下原则来确定：(1)与先行词的搭配；(2)与从句谓语的搭配。