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人教版高中英语选择性必修三全册知识点总结
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人教版高中英语选择性必修三全册知识点总结（学生版）Unit1ArtⅠ.阅读单词1．Christianity n．基督教2．realism n．逼真；现实主义；务实作风3．realist n．现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者4．primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 n．文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品)5．two-dimensional adj.二维的6．dimension n．维；规模；范围7．humanistic adj.人文主义的8．humanity n．人性；人道；(统称)人类9．mythology n．神话；虚幻的想法10．client n．委托人；当事人；客户11．sunrise n．日出12．outer adj.外表的；外边的；外围的13．fine art(also fine arts)美术(尤其绘画和雕塑)14．sculpture n．雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术15．sculptor n．雕刻家；雕塑家16．water lily睡莲17．arched adj.拱形的；弓形的18．arch vt.& vi.呈弧形横跨；(使)成弓形 n．拱；拱形结构；拱门19．bride n．新娘20．ink n．墨水；墨汁；油墨21．animation n．(电脑、录像)动画制作；动画片22．frame n．画面；框架 vt.给……镶框；陷害23．symphony n．交响乐；交响曲24．bronze n．青铜；深红褐色 adj.青铜色的；深红褐色的25．ceramic n．陶瓷制品；制陶艺术26．vase n．花瓶；装饰瓶27．civil adj.国民的；民用的；民事的28．Buddhist adj.佛教的 n．佛教徒29．Buddhism n．佛教30．contemporary adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的 n．同代人；同辈人Ⅱ.重点单词1．breakthrough n．重大进展；突破2．reputation n．名誉；名声3．noble n．贵族成员；出身高贵的人 adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的4．rank n．地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行5．purchase vt.购买；采购 n．购买；购买的东西6．emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露7．convey vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送8．subjective adj.主观的9．subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的10．fond adj.喜爱11．pond n．池塘；水池12．permanent adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的13．humble adj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的14．decline n．(数量、价格、质量等的)减少；下降；衰落 vi.& vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝15．guarantee vt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生 n．保证；保修单；担保物16．worthy adj.值得……的；有价值的Ⅲ.拓展单词1．precise adj.准确的；精确的→precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此2．realistic adj.现实的；逼真的→real adj.真的；真实的→really adv.真实地；确实→reality n．真实；现实；事实3．influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的→influence n．& vt.影响4．photography n．照相术；摄影→photographer n．摄影师→photograph n．照片 vt.& vi.(为……)拍照5．visual adj.视觉的；视力的→vision n．视力；视觉6．investment n．投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入→invest v．投资7．memorial n．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物；纪念品 adj.纪念的；悼念的→memory n．记忆力；记忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住8．criticise(NAmE -ize) vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价→criticism n．批评；指责；评论→critic n．批评家→critical adj.批判性的；关键的9．representative adj.典型的；有代表性的 n．代表→represent vt.代表；象征；描绘10．exhibition n．展览；(技能、感情或行为的)表演→exhibit v．展示；陈列；展览11．artistic adj.艺术的；艺术家的→artist n．艺术家→art n．艺术12．entry n．加入；进入；参与；参赛作品→enter v．进入；登记13．recognition n．承认；认出；赞誉→recognize vt.辨别出；承认；公认14．expansion n．扩张；扩展；扩大→expand v．扩展；扩大；细谈Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．outspoken /aʊt'spəʊkən/ adj.坦率的；直言不讳的2．hastily /'heIstəli/ adv.匆忙；仓促3．inevitably /In'evItəbli/ adv.不可避免地；必然地→inevitable /In'evItəbl/ adj.不可避免的；必然的4．prone /prəʊn/ adj.有……倾向的；易于遭受的be prone to易于发生……5．bump /bʌmp/ vi.& vt.(无意)碰撞bump into/against碰撞到；碰见6．handy /'hændi/ adj.方便的；有用的；手边的7．lane /leIn/ n．小巷；(乡间)小路；车道8．dispute /dI'spjuːt/ n．争论；纠纷 vt.& vi.对……表示异议；争论9．aggressively /ə'ɡresIvli/ adv.挑衅地；好斗地；有进取心地10．violate /'vaIəleIt/ vt.违反；违背；侵犯Ⅴ.背核心短语1．in particular尤其；特别2．set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于……3．be fond of喜爱；喜欢4．bring...to life赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来5．be worthy of值得6．concentrate on全神贯注于7．look like看起来像8．seek to do sth 试图做某事9．fail to do sth 未能做某事10．be intended to do sth 旨在做；目的是Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment.(while引导的让步状语从句)虽然他的绘画作品仍有宗教主题，但是它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。2．Finally，most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.(主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式)最后，大多数顾客想要看上去既美丽又有趣的绘画。3．He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well.(not just...but...as well 不仅……而且……)他不仅试图展示主题人物的外在形象，而且还展现他们内在的温暖和人性。4．Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty.(表语前置)同样十分重要的(看点)是一组近百件商代青铜器藏品。5．Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road.(find＋宾语＋宾补)因此，中国雕塑深受通过丝绸之路从印度和中亚传来的佛教艺术的影响。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的(influence n．& vt.影响)(1)My uncle has a great influence __________my career choice，_________ whose influence I took up teaching as my first job.(2)孔子是中国历史上最具影响力的思想家和教育家之一，其影响至今仍在中国现代社会中可见。(话题写作之历史人物介绍)(2023·全国甲，书面表达)Confucius is _______________________________ in Chinese history，_________________________________________________ in contemporary Chinese society. guarantee vt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生 n．保证；保修单；担保物(1)Your watch is still __________ guarantee，so you can have it repaired free of charge.(2)至于准备工作，提前阅读一些中文小说会确保让你适应汉语环境。(应用文写作之建议信)As for preparations，reading some Chinese novels in advance ___________________________the Chinese language environment.(3)我保证，一旦你加入我们摄影俱乐部，你就会爱上它，它会保证你的课余生活丰富多彩。____________ you will be fond of it once you join in our photography club，which will ________________________________________________________. in particular尤其；特别(particular adj.特定的；特别的；挑剔的 particularly adv.特别；尤其)(1)家长和教练尤其应该为孩子们树立更好的榜样。____________________________________ should act as better examples for children.(2)另一方面，家常菜种类更简单，也不那么美味，尤其是对于那些对食物有讲究的人来说。For another thing，home-cooked food is simpler in kind and less delicious，especially for those ____________________________________________. bring...to life赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来用life短语的正确形式填空(1)When the sculptor finally __________，we sighed in relief.(2)He decided to ______________ more settled _________ with his partner.(3)It was the teacher’s humor that _________ the class _________.(4)Although the representative is very wealthy，he won’t waste anything ___________.(5)With living expenses mounting，most people are so busy making a living that they forget to _____________. while引导的让步状语从句 While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment.虽然他的绘画作品仍有宗教主题，但是它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。(1)正如俗话所说：“趁热打铁。”As the old saying goes，“_________________________.”(2)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。(读后续写之升华句)____________________________________，we can guide ourselves with determination and love.(3)参观这次展览的时候，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品，而且可以学到很多东西。(2021·浙江6月，应用文写作)_____________________________，we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot.(4)很快孩子们就忙着做爆米花，而他们的妈妈则出去买纸袋了。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Very soon the children were busy popping the corn，____________________________________.用法点拨 ①while表示“虽然”时，不和连词but连用。②while还可引导省略结构，后直接跟分词短语、名词、形容词或介词短语。 主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式 Finally，most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.最后，大多数顾客想要看上去既美丽又有趣的绘画。(1)似乎我的搭档很难相处，但是逐渐地我很舒服地和他一起讨论了那个项目。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)It seemed that my partner __________________________，but gradually I ___________________________________________________________.(2)我不仅容易相处而且我乐意帮助处在困境中的人。(申请信之个人优势)①I am not only _______________________ but also willing to help others in trouble.②________________________________________________________________________.(用倒装句改写)Unit2Healthy LifestyleⅠ.阅读单词1．tobacco n．烟草；烟叶2．cue n．提示；暗示；信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)3．facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利4．escalator n．自动扶梯；滚梯5．surgeon n．外科医生6．surgery n．外科手术；外科学7．liberation n．解放；摆脱8．beard n．胡须；络腮胡子9．flu n．流感10．nut n．坚果11．skateboard n．滑板 vi.滑滑板12．bowling n．保龄球运动Ⅱ.重点单词1．abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂2．dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势3．negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的4．discipline n．自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚5．pill n．药片；药丸6．delete v．删去；删除7．shave vi.，vt.& n．剃(须发)；刮脸8．cigarette n．香烟；卷烟9．drug n．毒品；药物10．skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n．蹦跳11．dizzy adj.头晕目眩的12．stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激13．dentist n．牙科医生14．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的15．comedy n．喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目16．monthly adv.& adj.每月；每月一次的 n．月刊17．enhance vt.提高；增强；增进Ⅲ.拓展单词1．alcohol n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.(含)酒精的 n．酗酒者2．physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→physically adv.身体上；肉体上3．repeatedly adv.重复地→repeat vt.重复→repeated adj.重复的→repetition n．重复4．psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理(学)的→psychologist n．心理学家5．reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的6．rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的7．examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．考试(＝exam)；检查；审查8．pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观主义9．compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→composition n．组成；作曲；作文→composer n．作曲家10．disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的11．specialist n．专科医生；专家→special adj.特别的；专门的→specially adv.特别地；专门→specialize vt.专门研究；专门从事12．consultant n．顾问；高级顾问医师→consult vt.& vi.请教；咨询 vt.查阅；参看13．sugary adj.含糖的；甜的→sugar n．糖14．refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshing adj.令人振奋的→refreshment n．焕发精神；恢复活力15．absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．pass oneself off as假装；装作2．spark /spɑːk/ vt.引发；激发 n．火花；活力3．amid /ə'mId/ prep.在……中4．shiver /'ʃIvə(r)/ vi.颤抖；发抖5．groan /ɡrəʊn/ n．呻吟；低沉的声响 vi.& vt.呻吟6．doom /duːm/ n．厄运；毁灭 vt.注定(失败、毁灭等)7．tremble /'trembl/ vi.颤抖；担惊受怕8．weariness /'wIərInIs/ n．厌倦；筋疲力尽9．twist /twIst/ vi.& vt.缠绕；旋转；扭曲10．pierce /pIəs/ vt.& vi.刺入；刺穿；穿透Ⅴ.背核心短语1．in response to回答；答复2．rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信赖3．straight away立即；马上4．decide on/upon决定；选定5．make up one’s mind下定决心6．be composed of由……组成(或构成)的7．shave off剃掉；刮去8．stressed out焦虑不安；心力交瘁9．worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的10．after all毕竟；终究Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(不定式作主语)防止此类有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。2．For young people，there is plenty of time to change bad habits.(There be＋n.＋to do...)对于年轻人来说，有大量的时间来改变不良习惯。3．You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！(形容词短语作后置定语)你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活！4．Whenever I went out with friends，I brought snacks from home，things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit，nuts，dried meat，etc.(whenever引导的让步状语从句)每次和朋友们出去时，我都会从家里带些零食，这些零食没有添加任何糖分：水果、坚果、肉干等。5．Best of all，in my opinion，is how I feel about myself.(how引导的表语从句)在我看来，最棒的是我对自己的感觉。6．I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.(get＋过去分词)通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的)(1)I will reward you _________an electric bike for helping me get rid of tobacco abuse.(2)Last week，we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture，which turned out to be extremely _______________(reward)．(3)她眼里噙着感激的泪水，坚持要给我们一大笔钱作为对我们及时帮助的奖励。(读后续写之感激心情描写)Tears of gratitude shining in her eyes，she insisted on offering us a lot of money _____________________________________________. absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注；吸收(absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的)(1)He nodded absently，his attention ______________(absorb) by the computer screen.(2)As we all know，plants can absorb nutrients __________ the soil around them.(3)我全神贯注于那个项目，经常忘了吃饭或睡觉。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)①I ___________________________ that project，and I frequently forgot about eating or sleeping.②__________________________，I frequently forgot about eating or sleeping.(用形容词短语作状语改写)③____________________________，I frequently forgot about eating or sleeping.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信赖(reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的)(1)You can rely on the responsible consultant _________(help) you out，because he is a ______________(rely) person.(2)我最尊敬我的叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)①I respect my uncle most because I can _____________________________________whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon sb to do sth)②I respect my uncle most because I can _____________________________________________ whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that...) make up one’s mind下定决心(1)一旦他下定决心，什么都不能改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情直到实现目标。Once he ____________________，nothing can ______________.He will _________________ what he is doing until he achieves his goal.(2)首先，记住你最好按时或者比约定的时间早一些。First of all，___________________ you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.(3)这个凶神恶煞的人冲我大吼道：“别管闲事。”突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里，我感觉体内的血液迅速凝固起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)The fierce-looking man screamed at me，“_______________.” Suddenly，a terrible thought ________________________________ and I felt that the blood in my body froze rapidly. stressed out心力交瘁；焦虑不安(stressed adj.焦虑不安的 stress n．压力 vt.强调 stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的)(1)Faced with the _____________ situation，he felt extremely ___________ out，which accounted for his alcohol abuse.(stress) (2)知道你最近压力很大，我写信给你一些缓解压力的建议。正如我们所强调的，放松的心态对我们的生活和工作都至关重要，所以我们再怎么强调良好心理健康的重要性都不为过。Knowing that you___________________ recently，I am writing to give you some advice to _____________.________________，a relaxed mind is of vital significance to both our life and work，so we _____________________ the importance of good mental health _____________. get＋过去分词 I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。(1)汤姆结婚了，他的父母很激动，脸上洋溢着满意的笑容。(读后续写之喜悦心理描写)Tom ___________ and his parents __________，with their faces expanding with a satisfied smile.(2)他贵重的花瓶被打碎了，他非常生气，双手不受控制地颤抖。 无论谁打破花瓶都将受到惩罚。(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)His valuable vase _____________ and he _____________ so much that his hands trembled uncontrollably.Whoever broke the vase would ___________.(3)丈夫的话伤害了她，因此，她和丈夫分开了。在陌生的树林里摸索前行了很长时间后，简意识到她迷路了，这吓得她大哭起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)Jane ___________ by what her husband said，so she ___________ from her husband.Having felt her way in the unfamiliar forest for a long time，Jane was conscious that she ___________，panicking her into crying.用法点拨 和“be＋过去分词”一样，“get＋过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构。用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。Unit3Environmental ProtectionⅠ.阅读单词1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放3．seal n．海豹4．methane n．甲烷；沼气5．dioxide n．二氧化物6．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳7．habitable adj.适合居住的8．fossil n．化石9．fossil fuel化石燃料(如煤或石油)10．worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的11．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积12．basin n．流域；盆地；盆13．penguin n．企鹅14．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行15．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中16．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的17．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的18．jungle n．(热带)丛林；密林19．smog n．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)20．originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立21．volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷22．enterprise n．公司；企业；事业23．regulation n．章程；规章制度24．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理25．waterway n．水道；航道26．agenda n．议程表；议事日程Ⅱ.重点单词1．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化2．ecology n．生态；生态学3．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布4．carbon n．碳5．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 vt.加强；刺激6．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的7．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向8．broadcast vt.& vi.(broadcast，broadcast)播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目9．policy n．政策；方针；原则10．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制11．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良12．undergo vt.(underwent，undergone)经历；经受(变化、不快等)13．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴14．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱15．garbage n．垃圾；废物16．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复17．dozen n．(一)打；十二个18．fine vt.对……处以罚款19．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动Ⅲ.拓展单词1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死2．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的3．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；频率4．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束性的5．harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n．和谐→harmoniously adv.和谐地6．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服7．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→sense n．意义；感官 vt.感觉到；察觉到8．conservation n．(对环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约9．inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员10．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．clash /klæʃ/ n．撞击声；冲突 vi.发出撞击声；冲突2．alert /ə'lɜːt/ vt.使警惕；使戒备 adj.警惕的；戒备的3．furious /'fjʊəriəs/ adj.猛烈的；狂怒的4．scatter /'skætə(r)/ vt.& vi.撒；散开5．penetrate /'penətreIt/ vt.& vi.打入；进入；穿透6．tragedy /'trædʒədi/ n．悲剧；不幸7．utterly /'ʌtəli/ adv.彻底地；完全地8．plead /pliːd/ vi.& vt.恳求；认(罪)9．clutch /klʌtʃ/ vi.& vt.猛地抓住；紧握10．quiver /'kwIvə(r)/ n．箭筒；轻微的颤抖 vi.颤抖；哆嗦Ⅴ.背核心短语1．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人2．dozens of 许多；很多3．have an impact on对……有影响4．lead to导致5．cause damage to对……造成损害6．take measures采取措施7．deal with处理8．a number of许多9．carry out履行；执行10．in effect在实施中；实际上Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer(see the graph)．(There is little doubt that...毫无疑问……)毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。2．Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.(过去分词短语作后置定语)专家声称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，因此它不得不走更远的距离去寻找食物。3．The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation.(that引导的同位语从句)“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。4．Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.(含蓄虚拟条件句)如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。5．When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.(when引导的时间状语从句)当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死(starvation n．饥饿；饿死)(1)What shocks the scientists is that many seals have died from ______________(starve) because of global warming.(2)孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边要饭，否则就会饿死。Penniless and hungry，the child stood near the road and begged for a meal，otherwise __________________________________________.(3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。(话题写作之语言学习)_______________________，because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window. seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制(1)警察看到一个小偷，冲向前，抓住了他的胳膊。(读后续写之动作链描写)The policeman spotted a thief，charged forward and ____________________.(2)我强烈建议你抓住这个宝贵的机会提高你的英语口语。I strongly recommend that ______________________________________________.(3)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face，____________. submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服[submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服](1)The name，address，and telephone number of the cartoonist must be included in the _____________(submit). (2)An essay not _____________(submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)(3)大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)David wiped his tears and held his head high，remarking determinedly，“_______________________________________.”(4)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。(应用文写作之通知)Those who are interested in the summer camp must ___________________________________ by May 15. tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerance n．宽恕；忍耐；容忍 tolerant adj.忍耐的；宽容的)(1)To be honest，my ____________ is not limitless，so I will not be always __________ of your rude behavior.(tolerate)(2)I can’t tolerate ______________(work) with my partner any more，who is frequently talking to me when I am absorbed in work.(3)那些懂得如何包容他人的人自然会过得幸福。Those _______________________________________ can naturally lead a happy life.Unit4Adversity and CourageⅠ.阅读单词1．adversity n．困境；逆境2．expedition n．探险；远征；探险队3．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力4．cupboard n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜5．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员6．crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n．拥挤的人群7．stove n．炉具；厨房灶具8．banjo n．班卓琴(乐器)9．voyage n．& vi.航海；航行10．navy n．海军；海军部队11．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的12．cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的13．crew n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人14．rugby n．橄榄球运动15．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的16．navigator n．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者17．episode n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲18．motive n．动机；原因；目的Ⅱ.重点单词1．wage n．工资2．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3．vigour(NAmE vigor) n．精力；力量；活力4．sink vi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没5．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃6．blanket n．毯子7．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的8．good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的9．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的10．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的11．furniture n．家具12．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声；厉声质问13．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打14．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的15．recreation n．娱乐；消遣；游戏16．nephew n．侄子；外甥17．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的18．motor n．发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的19．candidate n．候选人；应试者Ⅲ.拓展单词1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify v．(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualification n．资格；资历；资格证书2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v．上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n．木板；董事会；伙食4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的6．belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产→belong vi.属于；应在(某处)7．selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfishness n．自私8．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求9．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定；决心10．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷11．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately (反) adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财产→fortunate adj.幸运的12．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南 vt.带领；引导；为……领路13．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣传14．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实15．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．reel /riːl/ vi.蹒跚；踉跄2．fasten /'fɑːsn/ vt.& vi.系牢；扣紧；关住3．invulnerable /In'vʌlnərəbl/ adj.无懈可击的；打不败的→vulnerable /'vʌlnərəbl/ adj.易受伤的；脆弱的be vulnerable to sth易受……伤害的4．glimpse /ɡlImps/ vt.瞥见；看一眼 n．一瞥；短暂的感受5．confine /kən'faIn/ vt.限制；监禁；使离不开confine...to把……局限于；把……限制于6．resemble /rI'zembl/ vt.像；与……相似7．sparkle /'spɑːkl/ vi.闪耀；闪闪发光8．fuss /fʌs/ n．无谓的激动；大惊小怪；小题大做make a fuss (about sth)(因某事)大惊小怪9．forbid /fə'bId/ vt.(forbade /fə'bæd；fə'beId/，forbidden /fə'bIdn/) 禁止；不许forbid sb from (doing sth) 禁止某人(做某事)10．halt /hɔːlt/ vi.停止 vt.阻止 n．停止；暂停come to a halt停止；停滞Ⅴ.背核心短语1．turn sb down拒绝(某人)2．make fire生火3．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)4．dream of/about梦想5．at the age of在……岁时6．be enthusiastic about对……充满热情7．become/be stuck in陷于8．throw away扔掉9．manage to do sth 设法做成某事10．go from bad to worse每况愈下Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.(全部倒装)以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记摘录。2．Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，and blankets.(before引导的时间状语从句)在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。3．How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！(as...as...)我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！4．It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.(as long as “只要”)只要你坚持，最终就会成功。5．If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.(if引导的虚拟条件句)要是没有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)(qualify v．使有资格 qualification n．资格；学历)(1)Now that you have gained your teaching ______________，I am sure you will be __________ for the job they advertised on the newspaper.(qualify)(2)我参加过几个类似的活动，使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。(应用文写作之申请信)I have taken part in several similar activities，______________________________________.(3)我的英语很好，我确信我可以胜任这份工作。(应用文写作之申请信)Having a good command of English，_______________________________________________. enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的(enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 enthusiasm n．热情；热忱)(1)They listened with great interest and then _____________(enthusiastic) joined in grand conversations about Harry’s adventures.(2)我不仅充满热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(申请信之个人优势)________________________________________________________________，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.(3)得知您对中国传统文化充满热情，我写信邀请您参加一场关于儒家思想的讲座。(应用文写作之邀请信)__________________________________________________________________，I am writing to invite you to a lecture on Confucianism. aboard. adv & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)[board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n．木板；董事会；伙食 broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的 abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外](1)他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。(读后续写之外貌描写)He is tall _________________ and a beard and always ________________________.(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文写作之告知信)_______________________________________，I’m writing to inform you of some necessary dos and don’ts.(3)他们在上火车前已经互相道别，但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手，直到火车消失。They had said goodbye to each other before __________________________，but the mother kept waving hands to _______________________ until the train went out of sight. envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌(envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的)(1)He said __________ envy，“I am __________(envy) of you，because you are leading such a cosy and decent life.”(2)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。Honestly speaking，I __________________________the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.(3)我的侄子是一个充满活力和毅力的年轻人，对此我非常羡慕。My nephew is a young man full of vigour and perseverance，________________________. abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃 n．放任；放纵(abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的)(1)Unfortunately，the crew abandoned___________(carry) out the experiment for lack of fund.(2)你沉湎于过去的辉煌是不明智的，你应该记住，不进则退。____________________________________________________，and you should keep in mind that not to advance is to go back.(3)我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。(读后续写之情感描写)_________________________________，forgetting the troubles in our lives. resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念(resolution n．决议；解决；坚定)(1)Generally，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a ______________(resolve) after an argument.(2)文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家已经决定不遗余力地保护它们。(话题写作之文化遗产与保护)Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so ______________________________________________________________________________.(3)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地为他人着想。(话题写作之人际沟通)________________，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.(4)老人决定，死后要把所有的财产都赠送给那些被遗弃的孩子们。The old man ________________________ he would give away all his belongings to the abandoned children after his death. as...as... How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！(1)他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样大的进步。He is _____________________，so he _______________________.(2)在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。As far as I am concerned，the book is _____________________________.(3)我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍，所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)We devoted _______________________________________，so I was greatly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers.Unit5PoemsⅠ.阅读单词1．imagery n．形象的描述；意象；像2．rhythm n．节奏；韵律；规律3．nursery adj.幼儿教育的 n．托儿所；保育室4．nursery rhyme童谣；儿歌5．mockingbird n．嘲鸫(美洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫)6．brass n．黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器7．billy goat n．公山羊8．bull n．公牛9．dewdrop n．露珠；水珠10．clover n．三叶草11．butterfly n．蝴蝶12．lawn n．草坪，草地13．cinquain n．五行诗14．haiku n．俳句15．syllable n．音节16．blossom n．花朵；花簇 vi.变得更加健康(或自信、成功)17．await vt.等候；期待；将发生在18．revolve vi.旋转；环绕；转动19．core n．核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿20．cherry n．樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色 adj.樱桃色的；鲜红色的21．cherry blossom樱花22．verse n．诗；韵文；诗节23．civilian n．平民；老百姓24．prose n．散文25．dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的26．sonnet n．十四行诗27．barren adj.贫瘠的；不结果实的Ⅱ.重点单词1．rhyme n．押韵词；押韵的短诗 vi.& vt.(使)押韵2．folk adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的3．diamond n．钻石；金刚石；菱形4．bee n．蜜蜂5．dawn n．黎明；开端；萌芽6．amateur n．业余爱好者 adj.业余的；业余爱好的7．mood n．情绪；心情；语气8．tease vi.& vt.取笑(某人)；揶揄；逗弄9．format n．格式；总体安排；(出版物的)版式 vt.格式化10．delicate adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的11．utter vt.出声；说；讲 adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的12．comprehension n．理解力；领悟力；理解练习13．shelf n．(pl.shelves)架子；搁板14．blank adj.空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的 n．空白；空格15．version n．版本；(从不同角度的)说法16．era n．时代；年代；纪元17．sow vt.& vi.(sowed，sown/sowed)播种；种18．seed n．种子；起源；萌芽19．deadline n．最后期限；截止日期20．contest n．比赛；竞赛；竞争 vt.争取赢得(比赛、选举等)；争辩21．polish vt.修改；润色；抛光 n．上光剂；抛光；擦亮22．string n．细绳；线；一串 vt.(strung，strung)悬挂；系 adj.弦乐器的；线织的23．wherever conj.在任何地方；在所有……的情况下 adv.(用于问句)究竟在(到)哪里24．grief n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事25．complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的26．prejudice n．偏见；成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见Ⅲ.拓展单词1．drama n．戏；剧；戏剧艺术→dramatic adj.戏剧(性)的；突然的→dramatically adv.突然地；戏剧性地；引人注目地2．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲哀的3．literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的→literature n．文学4．recite vt.背诵；吟诵；列举→recitation n．朗诵；逐一叙述5．respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为→respective adj.分别的；各自的6．sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的→sympathy n．同情；赞同7．innocence n．天真；单纯；无罪→innocent adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的8．correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系→correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信9．variation n．变化；变体；变奏曲→vary vi.变化；不同→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化10．racial adj.种族的；人种的→race n．竞争；种族 vi.& vt.(与……)赛跑；(与……)竞争Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．mighty /'maIti/ adj.强大的；强有力的；非凡的2．obsess /əb'ses/ vt.使痴迷；使迷恋be obsessed with痴迷于；沉迷于3．curse /kɜːs/ vt.& vi.诅咒；咒骂4．embrace /Im'breIs/ vt.欣然接受；抱；拥抱5．migrant /'maIɡrənt/ n．(为工作)移居者；移民；候鸟；迁徙动物→migrate /maI'greIt/ vi.移居；迁移；迁徙6．indulge /In'dʌldʒ/ vt.& vi.沉迷(于)；放纵indulge oneself放纵；享受indulge in沉迷；沉溺于7．inherit /In'herIt/ vt.& vi.经遗传获得；继承(遗产)；继任8．deposit /dI'pɒzIt/ n．存款；押金；订金 vt.存入银行；付押金；付订金9．exceed /Ik'siːd/ vt.超过(数量)；超越(法律、命令等)的限制10．cautious /'kɔːʃəs/ adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution /'kɔːʃn/ n．谨慎；小心Ⅴ.背核心短语1．be made up of 由……组成(构成)2．to the point切题3．make sense有意义；讲得通4．consist of由……组成/构成5．be popular with受……的欢迎6．in particular尤其；特别7．of one’s own 属于自己的8．pay attention to注意9．keep up with跟上，赶上10．be based on以……为基础Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．There are various reasons why people compose poetry.(why引导的定语从句)人们创作诗歌有各种各样的原因。2．By playing with the words in nursery rhymes，children learn about language.(by doing...)通过玩童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。3．With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，you may eventually want to write poems of your own.(with的复合结构)有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你最终也许想自己作诗了。4．The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.(The reason is that...)原因是他们能够感受到爱的温暖，享受到童年的天真。5．Browning was sure about his love，so he found a way to visit her，and immediately convinced her to become his bride.(so连接的并列句)布朗宁确信自己爱她，因此他找到了一个方法去拜访她，并且立即说服她成为自己的新娘。6．Poetry should always be read aloud，as that is when you can hear the music of the words.(when引导的表语从句)(你)总是应该大声朗读诗歌，因为那是你能听到词汇之美的时候。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤(sorrowful adj.悲伤的)(1)As a matter of fact，my nephew daren’t look up to see my ______________(sorrow) eyes.(2)令他极为悲伤的是，他失去了一位多年来与他同甘共苦的挚友，这让他有一段时间都在借酒浇愁。_________________，he lost a best friend _______________________________________for years，which made him ____________________________for some time.(3)悲伤的泪水顺着脸颊滚落，我紧紧地拥抱着父亲，说：“我又失败了。”父亲也为我的失败而感到悲伤，他拍了拍我的肩膀，试图安慰和鼓励我。(读后续写之悲伤心理描写) (with的复合结构)________________________________，I hugged my father tightly，saying，“I failed again.” My father，also _______________________________，patted me on the shoulder，trying to comfort and encourage me. mood n．情绪；心情；语气(1)Having finished a string of things，I am in the mood _____________(walk) on the lawn.(2)简的心情如此好，以至于几乎要跳起来了，眼里噙满了喜悦的泪水。(读后续写之喜悦心理描写)__________________________ she almost jumped up，tears of happiness filling her eyes.(3)我的头被困在南瓜里，大口喘着气，没心情和我的哥哥开玩笑。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)My head trapped in the pumpkin，I gulped for air and I ______________________________________________________________________________. sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的(sympathy n．同情；赞同)(1)她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里。(读后续写之动作、情感描写)Approaching the poor boy，she _____________________________________________________.(2)Meredith太太同情穷人，因此每当她有时间的时候，她都会给他们带来食物和药品。(改编自2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Mrs Meredith _______________________________________，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(3)看到这一幕，我的心里涌起一阵同情。出于同情，我决定给这个天真的女孩一些帮助与支持。At the sight of the scene，________________________.____________________，I determined to give the innocent girl some help and support. correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信(correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系)(1)The editor welcomes _________________(correspond) from readers and amateurs on any subject.(2)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。①You can build better relationships with others only when ______________________________________________________________________________.②______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(用倒装句改写)(3)如果你有任何问题，请尽早和我通信。(应用文写作之结束语)If you have any question，____________________ at your earliest convenience. why引导的定语从句 There are various reasons why people compose poetry.人们创作诗歌有各种各样的原因。(1)The reason ________ his absence from the conference may be that he missed his flight.(2)我渴望这个职位的原因是我能够帮助外国人更好地理解中国文化。(应用文写作之申请信)The reason _______________________________ is that I can help foreigners have a better understanding of Chinese culture.(3)汤姆走近我们，脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。他向我们解释说他在英语演讲比赛中得了一等奖。Tom approached us with a broad smile spreading across his cheeks.The reason __________________________________________________________ was that he won first prize in English Speech Contest. have an influence/effect on/upon...对……有影响under the influence of...在……的影响下under one’s influence在某人的影响下·guarantee sb sth/guarantee sth to sb 保证某人某事guarantee to do sth/that...保证做某事；确保……·under guarantee在保修期内give sb a guarantee that...向某人担保/保证……be particular about/over...对……很讲究/挑剔lead/live a．..life过……的生活all one’s life终生；一辈子come to life(＝come alive)苏醒过来；变得活跃make a life 创造生活；让生活更精彩breathe life into sth给某物注入活力/带来起色本句中的While引导的是让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。while的其他用法：·作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……时”。·作并列连词，表示“然而，而”。·作名词，表示“一会儿，一段时间”。本句中含有“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构。·特点：不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。·使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：①不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；②常用的形容词有：difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。·give/offer a reward to sb for (doing)sth 为(做)某事而给某人报酬in reward (for)作为(对……的)回报、奖赏·reward sb with sth for (doing) sth 为(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人absorb oneself in＝be absorbed in全神贯注于……absorb...from...从……中吸收……rely/depend/count on/upon sb/sth指望/依靠某人/某事rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事rely on/upon it that...相信……；指望……change one’s mind改变主意bear/keep...in mind(bear/keep in mind that...)将……记在心中come to one’s mind某事出现在脑海，被突然记起fix one’s mind on/upon...全神贯注于……mind one’s own business别管闲事under stress在压力之下lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调……·本句中的get refreshed是get done结构，表示被动或变化。·常见的get done结构：get broken破了 get lost迷路get punished受到惩罚 get hurt受到伤害get admitted被录取 get married结婚get annoyed生气 get excited激动get separated被分开starve to death饿死be starving for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事同义短语：be thirsty/hungry/eager/desperate for sth/to do sthseize sb by the arm抓住某人的胳膊表情感的名词＋seize sb某人感到……submit sth to sb 将某物提交给某人submit (oneself) to屈从于……·tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth 忍受(某人)做某事·be tolerant of/towards sb/sth 容忍/宽容某人/某事·be qualified for/to do sth有……的资格/有资格做某事·qualify sb for sth/to do sth 使某人有资格做某事·have the qualification for/to do sth 有……的资格/有资格做某事·be enthusiastic about(doing)sth 对(做)某事有热情·lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情with enthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)热情地·go aboard上船(飞机、公共汽车等)·on board 在船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)上·go abroad出国·with envy羡慕地；忌妒地green with envy忌妒得眼红；十分羡慕/忌妒·envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事·be envious of羡慕；妒忌·abandon oneself to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)某事；纵情于(做)某事abandon doing sth 放弃做某事·with abandon 放纵地；放任地·be abandoned to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)某事·resolve to do sth 决定做某事·make a resolution (to do sth)下定决心(做某事)as...as...意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。其中第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词或介词。其基本用法为：as＋adj./adv.＋as...，还有如下用法：·否定式：not as/so＋adj./adv.＋as...·倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...·as much/many＋名词＋as...•to one’s sorrow让某人悲伤的是in deep sorrow痛苦地share happiness and sorrow同甘共苦drown one’s sorrow in wine借酒浇愁mix joy with sorrow悲喜交加•sorrow at/for/over sth 对某事感到悲伤in a good/bad mood心情好/坏be/feel in the mood for sth/to do sth 有心情做某事be/feel in no mood for sth/to do sth 没有心情做某事·be sympathetic to/towards...赞同……；同情……·have (no) sympathy for sb (不)同情某人in sympathy with...赞同/支持……out of sympathy 出于同情with sympathy(＝sympathetically adv.)同情地·correspond with sb 与某人通信correspond to相当于……；类似于……correspond with/to与……一致；符合·in correspondence with与……有通信联系；与……一致先行词是the reason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句中缺少的成分而定，如果缺少状语，用why或者for which；如果缺少主语，则用that/which；如果缺少宾语，则用that/which或者不填。the reason后可直接加介词for (sth)。
人教版高中英语选择性必修三全册知识点总结（学生版）Unit1ArtⅠ.阅读单词1．Christianity n．基督教2．realism n．逼真；现实主义；务实作风3．realist n．现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者4．primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 n．文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品)5．two-dimensional adj.二维的6．dimension n．维；规模；范围7．humanistic adj.人文主义的8．humanity n．人性；人道；(统称)人类9．mythology n．神话；虚幻的想法10．client n．委托人；当事人；客户11．sunrise n．日出12．outer adj.外表的；外边的；外围的13．fine art(also fine arts)美术(尤其绘画和雕塑)14．sculpture n．雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术15．sculptor n．雕刻家；雕塑家16．water lily睡莲17．arched adj.拱形的；弓形的18．arch vt.& vi.呈弧形横跨；(使)成弓形 n．拱；拱形结构；拱门19．bride n．新娘20．ink n．墨水；墨汁；油墨21．animation n．(电脑、录像)动画制作；动画片22．frame n．画面；框架 vt.给……镶框；陷害23．symphony n．交响乐；交响曲24．bronze n．青铜；深红褐色 adj.青铜色的；深红褐色的25．ceramic n．陶瓷制品；制陶艺术26．vase n．花瓶；装饰瓶27．civil adj.国民的；民用的；民事的28．Buddhist adj.佛教的 n．佛教徒29．Buddhism n．佛教30．contemporary adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的 n．同代人；同辈人Ⅱ.重点单词1．breakthrough n．重大进展；突破2．reputation n．名誉；名声3．noble n．贵族成员；出身高贵的人 adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的4．rank n．地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行5．purchase vt.购买；采购 n．购买；购买的东西6．emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露7．convey vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送8．subjective adj.主观的9．subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的10．fond adj.喜爱11．pond n．池塘；水池12．permanent adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的13．humble adj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的14．decline n．(数量、价格、质量等的)减少；下降；衰落 vi.& vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝15．guarantee vt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生 n．保证；保修单；担保物16．worthy adj.值得……的；有价值的Ⅲ.拓展单词1．precise adj.准确的；精确的→precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此2．realistic adj.现实的；逼真的→real adj.真的；真实的→really adv.真实地；确实→reality n．真实；现实；事实3．influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的→influence n．& vt.影响4．photography n．照相术；摄影→photographer n．摄影师→photograph n．照片 vt.& vi.(为……)拍照5．visual adj.视觉的；视力的→vision n．视力；视觉6．investment n．投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入→invest v．投资7．memorial n．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物；纪念品 adj.纪念的；悼念的→memory n．记忆力；记忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住8．criticise(NAmE -ize) vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价→criticism n．批评；指责；评论→critic n．批评家→critical adj.批判性的；关键的9．representative adj.典型的；有代表性的 n．代表→represent vt.代表；象征；描绘10．exhibition n．展览；(技能、感情或行为的)表演→exhibit v．展示；陈列；展览11．artistic adj.艺术的；艺术家的→artist n．艺术家→art n．艺术12．entry n．加入；进入；参与；参赛作品→enter v．进入；登记13．recognition n．承认；认出；赞誉→recognize vt.辨别出；承认；公认14．expansion n．扩张；扩展；扩大→expand v．扩展；扩大；细谈Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．outspoken /aʊt'spəʊkən/ adj.坦率的；直言不讳的2．hastily /'heIstəli/ adv.匆忙；仓促3．inevitably /In'evItəbli/ adv.不可避免地；必然地→inevitable /In'evItəbl/ adj.不可避免的；必然的4．prone /prəʊn/ adj.有……倾向的；易于遭受的be prone to易于发生……5．bump /bʌmp/ vi.& vt.(无意)碰撞bump into/against碰撞到；碰见6．handy /'hændi/ adj.方便的；有用的；手边的7．lane /leIn/ n．小巷；(乡间)小路；车道8．dispute /dI'spjuːt/ n．争论；纠纷 vt.& vi.对……表示异议；争论9．aggressively /ə'ɡresIvli/ adv.挑衅地；好斗地；有进取心地10．violate /'vaIəleIt/ vt.违反；违背；侵犯Ⅴ.背核心短语1．in particular尤其；特别2．set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于……3．be fond of喜爱；喜欢4．bring...to life赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来5．be worthy of值得6．concentrate on全神贯注于7．look like看起来像8．seek to do sth 试图做某事9．fail to do sth 未能做某事10．be intended to do sth 旨在做；目的是Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment.(while引导的让步状语从句)虽然他的绘画作品仍有宗教主题，但是它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。2．Finally，most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.(主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式)最后，大多数顾客想要看上去既美丽又有趣的绘画。3．He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well.(not just...but...as well 不仅……而且……)他不仅试图展示主题人物的外在形象，而且还展现他们内在的温暖和人性。4．Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty.(表语前置)同样十分重要的(看点)是一组近百件商代青铜器藏品。5．Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road.(find＋宾语＋宾补)因此，中国雕塑深受通过丝绸之路从印度和中亚传来的佛教艺术的影响。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的(influence n．& vt.影响)(1)My uncle has a great influence __________my career choice，_________ whose influence I took up teaching as my first job.(2)孔子是中国历史上最具影响力的思想家和教育家之一，其影响至今仍在中国现代社会中可见。(话题写作之历史人物介绍)(2023·全国甲，书面表达)Confucius is _______________________________ in Chinese history，_________________________________________________ in contemporary Chinese society. guarantee vt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生 n．保证；保修单；担保物(1)Your watch is still __________ guarantee，so you can have it repaired free of charge.(2)至于准备工作，提前阅读一些中文小说会确保让你适应汉语环境。(应用文写作之建议信)As for preparations，reading some Chinese novels in advance ___________________________the Chinese language environment.(3)我保证，一旦你加入我们摄影俱乐部，你就会爱上它，它会保证你的课余生活丰富多彩。____________ you will be fond of it once you join in our photography club，which will ________________________________________________________. in particular尤其；特别(particular adj.特定的；特别的；挑剔的 particularly adv.特别；尤其)(1)家长和教练尤其应该为孩子们树立更好的榜样。____________________________________ should act as better examples for children.(2)另一方面，家常菜种类更简单，也不那么美味，尤其是对于那些对食物有讲究的人来说。For another thing，home-cooked food is simpler in kind and less delicious，especially for those ____________________________________________. bring...to life赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来用life短语的正确形式填空(1)When the sculptor finally __________，we sighed in relief.(2)He decided to ______________ more settled _________ with his partner.(3)It was the teacher’s humor that _________ the class _________.(4)Although the representative is very wealthy，he won’t waste anything ___________.(5)With living expenses mounting，most people are so busy making a living that they forget to _____________. while引导的让步状语从句 While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment.虽然他的绘画作品仍有宗教主题，但是它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。(1)正如俗话所说：“趁热打铁。”As the old saying goes，“_________________________.”(2)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。(读后续写之升华句)____________________________________，we can guide ourselves with determination and love.(3)参观这次展览的时候，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品，而且可以学到很多东西。(2021·浙江6月，应用文写作)_____________________________，we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot.(4)很快孩子们就忙着做爆米花，而他们的妈妈则出去买纸袋了。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Very soon the children were busy popping the corn，____________________________________.用法点拨 ①while表示“虽然”时，不和连词but连用。②while还可引导省略结构，后直接跟分词短语、名词、形容词或介词短语。 主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式 Finally，most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.最后，大多数顾客想要看上去既美丽又有趣的绘画。(1)似乎我的搭档很难相处，但是逐渐地我很舒服地和他一起讨论了那个项目。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)It seemed that my partner __________________________，but gradually I ___________________________________________________________.(2)我不仅容易相处而且我乐意帮助处在困境中的人。(申请信之个人优势)①I am not only _______________________ but also willing to help others in trouble.②________________________________________________________________________.(用倒装句改写)Unit2Healthy LifestyleⅠ.阅读单词1．tobacco n．烟草；烟叶2．cue n．提示；暗示；信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)3．facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利4．escalator n．自动扶梯；滚梯5．surgeon n．外科医生6．surgery n．外科手术；外科学7．liberation n．解放；摆脱8．beard n．胡须；络腮胡子9．flu n．流感10．nut n．坚果11．skateboard n．滑板 vi.滑滑板12．bowling n．保龄球运动Ⅱ.重点单词1．abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂2．dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势3．negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的4．discipline n．自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚5．pill n．药片；药丸6．delete v．删去；删除7．shave vi.，vt.& n．剃(须发)；刮脸8．cigarette n．香烟；卷烟9．drug n．毒品；药物10．skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n．蹦跳11．dizzy adj.头晕目眩的12．stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激13．dentist n．牙科医生14．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的15．comedy n．喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目16．monthly adv.& adj.每月；每月一次的 n．月刊17．enhance vt.提高；增强；增进Ⅲ.拓展单词1．alcohol n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.(含)酒精的 n．酗酒者2．physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→physically adv.身体上；肉体上3．repeatedly adv.重复地→repeat vt.重复→repeated adj.重复的→repetition n．重复4．psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理(学)的→psychologist n．心理学家5．reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的6．rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的7．examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．考试(＝exam)；检查；审查8．pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观主义9．compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→composition n．组成；作曲；作文→composer n．作曲家10．disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的11．specialist n．专科医生；专家→special adj.特别的；专门的→specially adv.特别地；专门→specialize vt.专门研究；专门从事12．consultant n．顾问；高级顾问医师→consult vt.& vi.请教；咨询 vt.查阅；参看13．sugary adj.含糖的；甜的→sugar n．糖14．refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshing adj.令人振奋的→refreshment n．焕发精神；恢复活力15．absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．pass oneself off as假装；装作2．spark /spɑːk/ vt.引发；激发 n．火花；活力3．amid /ə'mId/ prep.在……中4．shiver /'ʃIvə(r)/ vi.颤抖；发抖5．groan /ɡrəʊn/ n．呻吟；低沉的声响 vi.& vt.呻吟6．doom /duːm/ n．厄运；毁灭 vt.注定(失败、毁灭等)7．tremble /'trembl/ vi.颤抖；担惊受怕8．weariness /'wIərInIs/ n．厌倦；筋疲力尽9．twist /twIst/ vi.& vt.缠绕；旋转；扭曲10．pierce /pIəs/ vt.& vi.刺入；刺穿；穿透Ⅴ.背核心短语1．in response to回答；答复2．rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信赖3．straight away立即；马上4．decide on/upon决定；选定5．make up one’s mind下定决心6．be composed of由……组成(或构成)的7．shave off剃掉；刮去8．stressed out焦虑不安；心力交瘁9．worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的10．after all毕竟；终究Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(不定式作主语)防止此类有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。2．For young people，there is plenty of time to change bad habits.(There be＋n.＋to do...)对于年轻人来说，有大量的时间来改变不良习惯。3．You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！(形容词短语作后置定语)你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活！4．Whenever I went out with friends，I brought snacks from home，things that didn’t have any added sugar: fruit，nuts，dried meat，etc.(whenever引导的让步状语从句)每次和朋友们出去时，我都会从家里带些零食，这些零食没有添加任何糖分：水果、坚果、肉干等。5．Best of all，in my opinion，is how I feel about myself.(how引导的表语从句)在我看来，最棒的是我对自己的感觉。6．I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.(get＋过去分词)通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的)(1)I will reward you _________an electric bike for helping me get rid of tobacco abuse.(2)Last week，we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture，which turned out to be extremely _______________(reward)．(3)她眼里噙着感激的泪水，坚持要给我们一大笔钱作为对我们及时帮助的奖励。(读后续写之感激心情描写)Tears of gratitude shining in her eyes，she insisted on offering us a lot of money _____________________________________________. absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注；吸收(absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的)(1)He nodded absently，his attention ______________(absorb) by the computer screen.(2)As we all know，plants can absorb nutrients __________ the soil around them.(3)我全神贯注于那个项目，经常忘了吃饭或睡觉。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)①I ___________________________ that project，and I frequently forgot about eating or sleeping.②__________________________，I frequently forgot about eating or sleeping.(用形容词短语作状语改写)③____________________________，I frequently forgot about eating or sleeping.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信赖(reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的)(1)You can rely on the responsible consultant _________(help) you out，because he is a ______________(rely) person.(2)我最尊敬我的叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)①I respect my uncle most because I can _____________________________________whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon sb to do sth)②I respect my uncle most because I can _____________________________________________ whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that...) make up one’s mind下定决心(1)一旦他下定决心，什么都不能改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情直到实现目标。Once he ____________________，nothing can ______________.He will _________________ what he is doing until he achieves his goal.(2)首先，记住你最好按时或者比约定的时间早一些。First of all，___________________ you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.(3)这个凶神恶煞的人冲我大吼道：“别管闲事。”突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里，我感觉体内的血液迅速凝固起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)The fierce-looking man screamed at me，“_______________.” Suddenly，a terrible thought ________________________________ and I felt that the blood in my body froze rapidly. stressed out心力交瘁；焦虑不安(stressed adj.焦虑不安的 stress n．压力 vt.强调 stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的)(1)Faced with the _____________ situation，he felt extremely ___________ out，which accounted for his alcohol abuse.(stress) (2)知道你最近压力很大，我写信给你一些缓解压力的建议。正如我们所强调的，放松的心态对我们的生活和工作都至关重要，所以我们再怎么强调良好心理健康的重要性都不为过。Knowing that you___________________ recently，I am writing to give you some advice to _____________.________________，a relaxed mind is of vital significance to both our life and work，so we _____________________ the importance of good mental health _____________. get＋过去分词 I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。(1)汤姆结婚了，他的父母很激动，脸上洋溢着满意的笑容。(读后续写之喜悦心理描写)Tom ___________ and his parents __________，with their faces expanding with a satisfied smile.(2)他贵重的花瓶被打碎了，他非常生气，双手不受控制地颤抖。 无论谁打破花瓶都将受到惩罚。(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)His valuable vase _____________ and he _____________ so much that his hands trembled uncontrollably.Whoever broke the vase would ___________.(3)丈夫的话伤害了她，因此，她和丈夫分开了。在陌生的树林里摸索前行了很长时间后，简意识到她迷路了，这吓得她大哭起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)Jane ___________ by what her husband said，so she ___________ from her husband.Having felt her way in the unfamiliar forest for a long time，Jane was conscious that she ___________，panicking her into crying.用法点拨 和“be＋过去分词”一样，“get＋过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构。用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。Unit3Environmental ProtectionⅠ.阅读单词1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放3．seal n．海豹4．methane n．甲烷；沼气5．dioxide n．二氧化物6．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳7．habitable adj.适合居住的8．fossil n．化石9．fossil fuel化石燃料(如煤或石油)10．worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的11．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积12．basin n．流域；盆地；盆13．penguin n．企鹅14．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行15．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中16．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的17．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的18．jungle n．(热带)丛林；密林19．smog n．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)20．originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立21．volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷22．enterprise n．公司；企业；事业23．regulation n．章程；规章制度24．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理25．waterway n．水道；航道26．agenda n．议程表；议事日程Ⅱ.重点单词1．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化2．ecology n．生态；生态学3．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布4．carbon n．碳5．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 vt.加强；刺激6．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的7．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向8．broadcast vt.& vi.(broadcast，broadcast)播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目9．policy n．政策；方针；原则10．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制11．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良12．undergo vt.(underwent，undergone)经历；经受(变化、不快等)13．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴14．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱15．garbage n．垃圾；废物16．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复17．dozen n．(一)打；十二个18．fine vt.对……处以罚款19．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动Ⅲ.拓展单词1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死2．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的3．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；频率4．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束性的5．harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n．和谐→harmoniously adv.和谐地6．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服7．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→sense n．意义；感官 vt.感觉到；察觉到8．conservation n．(对环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约9．inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员10．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．clash /klæʃ/ n．撞击声；冲突 vi.发出撞击声；冲突2．alert /ə'lɜːt/ vt.使警惕；使戒备 adj.警惕的；戒备的3．furious /'fjʊəriəs/ adj.猛烈的；狂怒的4．scatter /'skætə(r)/ vt.& vi.撒；散开5．penetrate /'penətreIt/ vt.& vi.打入；进入；穿透6．tragedy /'trædʒədi/ n．悲剧；不幸7．utterly /'ʌtəli/ adv.彻底地；完全地8．plead /pliːd/ vi.& vt.恳求；认(罪)9．clutch /klʌtʃ/ vi.& vt.猛地抓住；紧握10．quiver /'kwIvə(r)/ n．箭筒；轻微的颤抖 vi.颤抖；哆嗦Ⅴ.背核心短语1．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人2．dozens of 许多；很多3．have an impact on对……有影响4．lead to导致5．cause damage to对……造成损害6．take measures采取措施7．deal with处理8．a number of许多9．carry out履行；执行10．in effect在实施中；实际上Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer(see the graph)．(There is little doubt that...毫无疑问……)毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。2．Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.(过去分词短语作后置定语)专家声称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，因此它不得不走更远的距离去寻找食物。3．The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation.(that引导的同位语从句)“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。4．Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.(含蓄虚拟条件句)如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。5．When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.(when引导的时间状语从句)当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死(starvation n．饥饿；饿死)(1)What shocks the scientists is that many seals have died from ______________(starve) because of global warming.(2)孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边要饭，否则就会饿死。Penniless and hungry，the child stood near the road and begged for a meal，otherwise __________________________________________.(3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。(话题写作之语言学习)_______________________，because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window. seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制(1)警察看到一个小偷，冲向前，抓住了他的胳膊。(读后续写之动作链描写)The policeman spotted a thief，charged forward and ____________________.(2)我强烈建议你抓住这个宝贵的机会提高你的英语口语。I strongly recommend that ______________________________________________.(3)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face，____________. submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服[submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服](1)The name，address，and telephone number of the cartoonist must be included in the _____________(submit). (2)An essay not _____________(submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)(3)大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)David wiped his tears and held his head high，remarking determinedly，“_______________________________________.”(4)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。(应用文写作之通知)Those who are interested in the summer camp must ___________________________________ by May 15. tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerance n．宽恕；忍耐；容忍 tolerant adj.忍耐的；宽容的)(1)To be honest，my ____________ is not limitless，so I will not be always __________ of your rude behavior.(tolerate)(2)I can’t tolerate ______________(work) with my partner any more，who is frequently talking to me when I am absorbed in work.(3)那些懂得如何包容他人的人自然会过得幸福。Those _______________________________________ can naturally lead a happy life.Unit4Adversity and CourageⅠ.阅读单词1．adversity n．困境；逆境2．expedition n．探险；远征；探险队3．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力4．cupboard n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜5．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员6．crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n．拥挤的人群7．stove n．炉具；厨房灶具8．banjo n．班卓琴(乐器)9．voyage n．& vi.航海；航行10．navy n．海军；海军部队11．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的12．cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的13．crew n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人14．rugby n．橄榄球运动15．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的16．navigator n．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者17．episode n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲18．motive n．动机；原因；目的Ⅱ.重点单词1．wage n．工资2．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3．vigour(NAmE vigor) n．精力；力量；活力4．sink vi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没5．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃6．blanket n．毯子7．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的8．good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的9．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的10．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的11．furniture n．家具12．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声；厉声质问13．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打14．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的15．recreation n．娱乐；消遣；游戏16．nephew n．侄子；外甥17．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的18．motor n．发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的19．candidate n．候选人；应试者Ⅲ.拓展单词1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify v．(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualification n．资格；资历；资格证书2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v．上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n．木板；董事会；伙食4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的6．belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产→belong vi.属于；应在(某处)7．selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfishness n．自私8．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求9．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定；决心10．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷11．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately (反) adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财产→fortunate adj.幸运的12．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南 vt.带领；引导；为……领路13．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣传14．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实15．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．reel /riːl/ vi.蹒跚；踉跄2．fasten /'fɑːsn/ vt.& vi.系牢；扣紧；关住3．invulnerable /In'vʌlnərəbl/ adj.无懈可击的；打不败的→vulnerable /'vʌlnərəbl/ adj.易受伤的；脆弱的be vulnerable to sth易受……伤害的4．glimpse /ɡlImps/ vt.瞥见；看一眼 n．一瞥；短暂的感受5．confine /kən'faIn/ vt.限制；监禁；使离不开confine...to把……局限于；把……限制于6．resemble /rI'zembl/ vt.像；与……相似7．sparkle /'spɑːkl/ vi.闪耀；闪闪发光8．fuss /fʌs/ n．无谓的激动；大惊小怪；小题大做make a fuss (about sth)(因某事)大惊小怪9．forbid /fə'bId/ vt.(forbade /fə'bæd；fə'beId/，forbidden /fə'bIdn/) 禁止；不许forbid sb from (doing sth) 禁止某人(做某事)10．halt /hɔːlt/ vi.停止 vt.阻止 n．停止；暂停come to a halt停止；停滞Ⅴ.背核心短语1．turn sb down拒绝(某人)2．make fire生火3．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)4．dream of/about梦想5．at the age of在……岁时6．be enthusiastic about对……充满热情7．become/be stuck in陷于8．throw away扔掉9．manage to do sth 设法做成某事10．go from bad to worse每况愈下Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.(全部倒装)以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记摘录。2．Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，and blankets.(before引导的时间状语从句)在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。3．How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！(as...as...)我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！4．It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.(as long as “只要”)只要你坚持，最终就会成功。5．If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.(if引导的虚拟条件句)要是没有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)(qualify v．使有资格 qualification n．资格；学历)(1)Now that you have gained your teaching ______________，I am sure you will be __________ for the job they advertised on the newspaper.(qualify)(2)我参加过几个类似的活动，使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。(应用文写作之申请信)I have taken part in several similar activities，______________________________________.(3)我的英语很好，我确信我可以胜任这份工作。(应用文写作之申请信)Having a good command of English，_______________________________________________. enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的(enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 enthusiasm n．热情；热忱)(1)They listened with great interest and then _____________(enthusiastic) joined in grand conversations about Harry’s adventures.(2)我不仅充满热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(申请信之个人优势)________________________________________________________________，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.(3)得知您对中国传统文化充满热情，我写信邀请您参加一场关于儒家思想的讲座。(应用文写作之邀请信)__________________________________________________________________，I am writing to invite you to a lecture on Confucianism. aboard. adv & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)[board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n．木板；董事会；伙食 broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的 abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外](1)他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。(读后续写之外貌描写)He is tall _________________ and a beard and always ________________________.(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文写作之告知信)_______________________________________，I’m writing to inform you of some necessary dos and don’ts.(3)他们在上火车前已经互相道别，但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手，直到火车消失。They had said goodbye to each other before __________________________，but the mother kept waving hands to _______________________ until the train went out of sight. envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌(envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的)(1)He said __________ envy，“I am __________(envy) of you，because you are leading such a cosy and decent life.”(2)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。Honestly speaking，I __________________________the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.(3)我的侄子是一个充满活力和毅力的年轻人，对此我非常羡慕。My nephew is a young man full of vigour and perseverance，________________________. abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃 n．放任；放纵(abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的)(1)Unfortunately，the crew abandoned___________(carry) out the experiment for lack of fund.(2)你沉湎于过去的辉煌是不明智的，你应该记住，不进则退。____________________________________________________，and you should keep in mind that not to advance is to go back.(3)我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。(读后续写之情感描写)_________________________________，forgetting the troubles in our lives. resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念(resolution n．决议；解决；坚定)(1)Generally，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a ______________(resolve) after an argument.(2)文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家已经决定不遗余力地保护它们。(话题写作之文化遗产与保护)Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so ______________________________________________________________________________.(3)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地为他人着想。(话题写作之人际沟通)________________，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.(4)老人决定，死后要把所有的财产都赠送给那些被遗弃的孩子们。The old man ________________________ he would give away all his belongings to the abandoned children after his death. as...as... How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！(1)他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样大的进步。He is _____________________，so he _______________________.(2)在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。As far as I am concerned，the book is _____________________________.(3)我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍，所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)We devoted _______________________________________，so I was greatly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers.Unit5PoemsⅠ.阅读单词1．imagery n．形象的描述；意象；像2．rhythm n．节奏；韵律；规律3．nursery adj.幼儿教育的 n．托儿所；保育室4．nursery rhyme童谣；儿歌5．mockingbird n．嘲鸫(美洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫)6．brass n．黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器7．billy goat n．公山羊8．bull n．公牛9．dewdrop n．露珠；水珠10．clover n．三叶草11．butterfly n．蝴蝶12．lawn n．草坪，草地13．cinquain n．五行诗14．haiku n．俳句15．syllable n．音节16．blossom n．花朵；花簇 vi.变得更加健康(或自信、成功)17．await vt.等候；期待；将发生在18．revolve vi.旋转；环绕；转动19．core n．核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿20．cherry n．樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色 adj.樱桃色的；鲜红色的21．cherry blossom樱花22．verse n．诗；韵文；诗节23．civilian n．平民；老百姓24．prose n．散文25．dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的26．sonnet n．十四行诗27．barren adj.贫瘠的；不结果实的Ⅱ.重点单词1．rhyme n．押韵词；押韵的短诗 vi.& vt.(使)押韵2．folk adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的3．diamond n．钻石；金刚石；菱形4．bee n．蜜蜂5．dawn n．黎明；开端；萌芽6．amateur n．业余爱好者 adj.业余的；业余爱好的7．mood n．情绪；心情；语气8．tease vi.& vt.取笑(某人)；揶揄；逗弄9．format n．格式；总体安排；(出版物的)版式 vt.格式化10．delicate adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的11．utter vt.出声；说；讲 adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的12．comprehension n．理解力；领悟力；理解练习13．shelf n．(pl.shelves)架子；搁板14．blank adj.空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的 n．空白；空格15．version n．版本；(从不同角度的)说法16．era n．时代；年代；纪元17．sow vt.& vi.(sowed，sown/sowed)播种；种18．seed n．种子；起源；萌芽19．deadline n．最后期限；截止日期20．contest n．比赛；竞赛；竞争 vt.争取赢得(比赛、选举等)；争辩21．polish vt.修改；润色；抛光 n．上光剂；抛光；擦亮22．string n．细绳；线；一串 vt.(strung，strung)悬挂；系 adj.弦乐器的；线织的23．wherever conj.在任何地方；在所有……的情况下 adv.(用于问句)究竟在(到)哪里24．grief n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事25．complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的26．prejudice n．偏见；成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见Ⅲ.拓展单词1．drama n．戏；剧；戏剧艺术→dramatic adj.戏剧(性)的；突然的→dramatically adv.突然地；戏剧性地；引人注目地2．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲哀的3．literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的→literature n．文学4．recite vt.背诵；吟诵；列举→recitation n．朗诵；逐一叙述5．respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为→respective adj.分别的；各自的6．sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的→sympathy n．同情；赞同7．innocence n．天真；单纯；无罪→innocent adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的8．correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系→correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信9．variation n．变化；变体；变奏曲→vary vi.变化；不同→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化10．racial adj.种族的；人种的→race n．竞争；种族 vi.& vt.(与……)赛跑；(与……)竞争Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．mighty /'maIti/ adj.强大的；强有力的；非凡的2．obsess /əb'ses/ vt.使痴迷；使迷恋be obsessed with痴迷于；沉迷于3．curse /kɜːs/ vt.& vi.诅咒；咒骂4．embrace /Im'breIs/ vt.欣然接受；抱；拥抱5．migrant /'maIɡrənt/ n．(为工作)移居者；移民；候鸟；迁徙动物→migrate /maI'greIt/ vi.移居；迁移；迁徙6．indulge /In'dʌldʒ/ vt.& vi.沉迷(于)；放纵indulge oneself放纵；享受indulge in沉迷；沉溺于7．inherit /In'herIt/ vt.& vi.经遗传获得；继承(遗产)；继任8．deposit /dI'pɒzIt/ n．存款；押金；订金 vt.存入银行；付押金；付订金9．exceed /Ik'siːd/ vt.超过(数量)；超越(法律、命令等)的限制10．cautious /'kɔːʃəs/ adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution /'kɔːʃn/ n．谨慎；小心Ⅴ.背核心短语1．be made up of 由……组成(构成)2．to the point切题3．make sense有意义；讲得通4．consist of由……组成/构成5．be popular with受……的欢迎6．in particular尤其；特别7．of one’s own 属于自己的8．pay attention to注意9．keep up with跟上，赶上10．be based on以……为基础Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．There are various reasons why people compose poetry.(why引导的定语从句)人们创作诗歌有各种各样的原因。2．By playing with the words in nursery rhymes，children learn about language.(by doing...)通过玩童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。3．With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，you may eventually want to write poems of your own.(with的复合结构)有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你最终也许想自己作诗了。4．The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.(The reason is that...)原因是他们能够感受到爱的温暖，享受到童年的天真。5．Browning was sure about his love，so he found a way to visit her，and immediately convinced her to become his bride.(so连接的并列句)布朗宁确信自己爱她，因此他找到了一个方法去拜访她，并且立即说服她成为自己的新娘。6．Poetry should always be read aloud，as that is when you can hear the music of the words.(when引导的表语从句)(你)总是应该大声朗读诗歌，因为那是你能听到词汇之美的时候。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤(sorrowful adj.悲伤的)(1)As a matter of fact，my nephew daren’t look up to see my ______________(sorrow) eyes.(2)令他极为悲伤的是，他失去了一位多年来与他同甘共苦的挚友，这让他有一段时间都在借酒浇愁。_________________，he lost a best friend _______________________________________for years，which made him ____________________________for some time.(3)悲伤的泪水顺着脸颊滚落，我紧紧地拥抱着父亲，说：“我又失败了。”父亲也为我的失败而感到悲伤，他拍了拍我的肩膀，试图安慰和鼓励我。(读后续写之悲伤心理描写) (with的复合结构)________________________________，I hugged my father tightly，saying，“I failed again.” My father，also _______________________________，patted me on the shoulder，trying to comfort and encourage me. mood n．情绪；心情；语气(1)Having finished a string of things，I am in the mood _____________(walk) on the lawn.(2)简的心情如此好，以至于几乎要跳起来了，眼里噙满了喜悦的泪水。(读后续写之喜悦心理描写)__________________________ she almost jumped up，tears of happiness filling her eyes.(3)我的头被困在南瓜里，大口喘着气，没心情和我的哥哥开玩笑。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)My head trapped in the pumpkin，I gulped for air and I ______________________________________________________________________________. sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的(sympathy n．同情；赞同)(1)她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里。(读后续写之动作、情感描写)Approaching the poor boy，she _____________________________________________________.(2)Meredith太太同情穷人，因此每当她有时间的时候，她都会给他们带来食物和药品。(改编自2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Mrs Meredith _______________________________________，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(3)看到这一幕，我的心里涌起一阵同情。出于同情，我决定给这个天真的女孩一些帮助与支持。At the sight of the scene，________________________.____________________，I determined to give the innocent girl some help and support. correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信(correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系)(1)The editor welcomes _________________(correspond) from readers and amateurs on any subject.(2)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。①You can build better relationships with others only when ______________________________________________________________________________.②______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(用倒装句改写)(3)如果你有任何问题，请尽早和我通信。(应用文写作之结束语)If you have any question，____________________ at your earliest convenience. why引导的定语从句 There are various reasons why people compose poetry.人们创作诗歌有各种各样的原因。(1)The reason ________ his absence from the conference may be that he missed his flight.(2)我渴望这个职位的原因是我能够帮助外国人更好地理解中国文化。(应用文写作之申请信)The reason _______________________________ is that I can help foreigners have a better understanding of Chinese culture.(3)汤姆走近我们，脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。他向我们解释说他在英语演讲比赛中得了一等奖。Tom approached us with a broad smile spreading across his cheeks.The reason __________________________________________________________ was that he won first prize in English Speech Contest. have an influence/effect on/upon...对……有影响under the influence of...在……的影响下under one’s influence在某人的影响下·guarantee sb sth/guarantee sth to sb 保证某人某事guarantee to do sth/that...保证做某事；确保……·under guarantee在保修期内give sb a guarantee that...向某人担保/保证……be particular about/over...对……很讲究/挑剔lead/live a．..life过……的生活all one’s life终生；一辈子come to life(＝come alive)苏醒过来；变得活跃make a life 创造生活；让生活更精彩breathe life into sth给某物注入活力/带来起色本句中的While引导的是让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。while的其他用法：·作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……时”。·作并列连词，表示“然而，而”。·作名词，表示“一会儿，一段时间”。本句中含有“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构。·特点：不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。·使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：①不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；②常用的形容词有：difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。·give/offer a reward to sb for (doing)sth 为(做)某事而给某人报酬in reward (for)作为(对……的)回报、奖赏·reward sb with sth for (doing) sth 为(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人absorb oneself in＝be absorbed in全神贯注于……absorb...from...从……中吸收……rely/depend/count on/upon sb/sth指望/依靠某人/某事rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事rely on/upon it that...相信……；指望……change one’s mind改变主意bear/keep...in mind(bear/keep in mind that...)将……记在心中come to one’s mind某事出现在脑海，被突然记起fix one’s mind on/upon...全神贯注于……mind one’s own business别管闲事under stress在压力之下lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调……·本句中的get refreshed是get done结构，表示被动或变化。·常见的get done结构：get broken破了 get lost迷路get punished受到惩罚 get hurt受到伤害get admitted被录取 get married结婚get annoyed生气 get excited激动get separated被分开starve to death饿死be starving for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事同义短语：be thirsty/hungry/eager/desperate for sth/to do sthseize sb by the arm抓住某人的胳膊表情感的名词＋seize sb某人感到……submit sth to sb 将某物提交给某人submit (oneself) to屈从于……·tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth 忍受(某人)做某事·be tolerant of/towards sb/sth 容忍/宽容某人/某事·be qualified for/to do sth有……的资格/有资格做某事·qualify sb for sth/to do sth 使某人有资格做某事·have the qualification for/to do sth 有……的资格/有资格做某事·be enthusiastic about(doing)sth 对(做)某事有热情·lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情with enthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)热情地·go aboard上船(飞机、公共汽车等)·on board 在船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)上·go abroad出国·with envy羡慕地；忌妒地green with envy忌妒得眼红；十分羡慕/忌妒·envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事·be envious of羡慕；妒忌·abandon oneself to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)某事；纵情于(做)某事abandon doing sth 放弃做某事·with abandon 放纵地；放任地·be abandoned to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)某事·resolve to do sth 决定做某事·make a resolution (to do sth)下定决心(做某事)as...as...意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。其中第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词或介词。其基本用法为：as＋adj./adv.＋as...，还有如下用法：·否定式：not as/so＋adj./adv.＋as...·倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...·as much/many＋名词＋as...•to one’s sorrow让某人悲伤的是in deep sorrow痛苦地share happiness and sorrow同甘共苦drown one’s sorrow in wine借酒浇愁mix joy with sorrow悲喜交加•sorrow at/for/over sth 对某事感到悲伤in a good/bad mood心情好/坏be/feel in the mood for sth/to do sth 有心情做某事be/feel in no mood for sth/to do sth 没有心情做某事·be sympathetic to/towards...赞同……；同情……·have (no) sympathy for sb (不)同情某人in sympathy with...赞同/支持……out of sympathy 出于同情with sympathy(＝sympathetically adv.)同情地·correspond with sb 与某人通信correspond to相当于……；类似于……correspond with/to与……一致；符合·in correspondence with与……有通信联系；与……一致先行词是the reason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句中缺少的成分而定，如果缺少状语，用why或者for which；如果缺少主语，则用that/which；如果缺少宾语，则用that/which或者不填。the reason后可直接加介词for (sth)。
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