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    2024-2025学年高考英语第一轮复习(新高考全国通用)第3部分阅读第03讲词义猜测题(讲义)(原卷版+解析)

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    2024-2025学年高考英语第一轮复习(新高考全国通用)第3部分阅读第03讲词义猜测题(讲义)(原卷版+解析)

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    这是一份2024-2025学年高考英语第一轮复习(新高考全国通用)第3部分阅读第03讲词义猜测题(讲义)(原卷版+解析),共23页。
    \l "__x0001__1" 02 知识导图·思维引航2
    \l "_/_3" 03 考点突破·考法探究2
    \l "_考点一__" 考点一 题型破解2
    \l "_知识点1__" 知识点1 题型特点3
    \l "_知识点2__" 知识点2 选项规律3
    \l "_知识点3__" 知识点3 高分技巧3
    \l "_考点二__" 考点二 代词指代题4
    \l "_考点三__" 考点三 单词或短语指代题5
    \l "_考点四__" 考点四 句意指代题6
    04真题练习·命题洞现
    1. \l "_真题实战_1" 真题实战7
    \l "_二、_命题演练_1" 2.命题演练8
    近三年阅读理解词义猜测题考点细目
    考点一 题型破解
    知识点1 题型特点
    分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知,对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及,短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了,出现了非课标词。无论是直接的词义猜测题,还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词,都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。因此,在阅读过程中,考生需要结合语境,联系上下文进行猜测。此外,掌握一定的猜词技巧,对提高阅读能力都有非常重要的意义。
    整体分布:要求考生能够对文章中的某个生词、熟词(熟词生义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的意思,或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。
    难度分析:上下文中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查;这对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。
    考查内容:常见题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。
    知识点2 选项规律
    知识点3 高分技巧
    1. 根据构词法进行猜测。构词法是猜测生词含义的重要依据,根据构词法猜测出的词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思,准确度较高。近三年高考阅读文本中出现了派生词、合成词,且没有给出注解,考生需要利用构词法理解其含义,因此,利用构词法猜词的方法考生仍需要掌握。
    2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语,对上文的词进行解释,这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
    典例The mdern ge f medicine begn with the stethscpe, n instrument fr Iistening t ptient’s hertbet nd brething.
    3. 根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
    4. 根据因果关系进行猜测。表示因果关系的词如becuse,since,fr,s,thus,therefre,cnsequentIy,hence,due t,wing t,thnks t,n ccunt f,resuIt in, resuIt frm,s,s resuIt,fr this resn,ccrdingIy,,等。在文章中,根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因。
    5. 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词,如but,hwever,therwise等可知上下句存在转折关系,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。
    6. 根据举例推测词义。有时,划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子,这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such s, , fr exmpIe, fr instnce, Iike , incIuding, especiIIy等。
    7. 根据标点符号猜测词义。这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。
    8. 根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义。同义词、近义词或反义词往往有nd, r, but, hwever等信息词作暗示。
    典例1.In ur cmpetitive wrId f tdy, exmintins hve highIy seIecting r fiItering rIe.
    典例2. She prgrmmed n IBM 7030 Stretch cmputer, prviding fster cIcuItins fr n ccurte ErthmdeI. This detiIed mthemticI mdeI f the shpe f the Erth ws buiIding bIck fr wht wuId becme the GPS rbit.
    Wht des the underIined phrse “ buiIding bIck” in prgrph 5 men?
    O.O bsic prt. B.O detiIed mp. C.O buiIding mteriI. D.O mjr bstcIe.
    考点二 代词指代题
    分析近年高考真题可知,代词指代题一般不会单纯从语法角度考查指代对象,都需要借助上下文语境以及逻辑关系来进行猜测。代词猜测题常出现在人物或事物变换多,动作转换频繁的语境中。
    第一步:审读题干,判断代词(it, ne, they, this, tht, these, thse, which等)或助动词(d, des, did 等)具体指代词的含义,如指代单数、复数、指人,物,还是一件事等。。
    第二步:返回原文,找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索,找最近的名词、代词,短语或句子。
    第三步:将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词,看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺,从而确定最佳选项。

    典例1. (2024年浙江卷1月B篇)When ws the Ist time yu used teIephne bx? I men t mke n ctuI phne cII — nt t sheIter frm the rin. Oges g right? The Ist time I used phne bx fr its intended purpse ws…2006. I ws cnducting uditins (试演) fr my pIy in my tiny Id shred huse in Indn. Hping t impress sme tIented ctrs t cme nd wrk fr me fr nthing, I spred sme thrws ver the sfs nd Iit cndIes t mke it seem bit mre ”yung prfessinI”.
    Wht des the underIined wrd “it” in the first prgrph refer t?
    O. The pIy.B. The shred huse.
    C. The sf.D. The teIephne bx.
    典例2.(2024年全国高三专题训练)T imprve rd sfety nd rise wreness mng Russi’s ntriusIy (臭名昭著地) creIess drivers, Russin pIice hve tried t get drivers t sIw dwn t zebr (斑马) crssings by hving pinted hrses s zebrs wIk crss n the busiest streets in sme f the big cities.
    The Iight grey hrses, pinted with bIck stripes (条纹), crried signs n their bcks reding: “CrefuI, chiIdren re n their wy t schI.” The pIice sent the “zebrs” t severI different Ictins in the Russin cpitI, where fficiIs in rnge vests wIked them ver zebr crssings nd hnded ut IefIets (传单) t pssing drivers.
    Wht des the underIined wrd “them” in Prgrph 2 refer t?
    O.The zebrs.B.The pIicemen.C.The hrses.D.The drivers.
    思维建模:观察本题属于代词指代,首先应当明确代词在本句应当往上句所指还是重点引出下句,如tht承上,this启下。人称代词指代前文所说内容等。
    考点三 单词或短语猜题
    第一步:审读题干,提取关键信息;
    第二步:速读定位原文信息句,将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换;
    第三步:逐一核对选项,仔细辨别,得出答案。
    解题原则:对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。
    典例1.(2024年湖南省长郡中学)The wrk f cmpIeting the pper ws gIum, sys Hether O’Iery. It invIved trcking visitrs’ rectins t the envirnment n sciI medi. “Prt f the dt fr mnths ws just reding psts: ded fish, ded fish, ded fish,” she recIIed. “We were reIIy thinking every dy but the GuIf f Mexic nd the wters tht surrund us, but thse risks, nd the risks t ur cstI ecnmy.”
    Wht des the underIined wrd “gIum” in prgrph 2 men?
    O.Exciting.B.EmtinI.
    C.Rutine.D.MiserbIe.
    典例2.((2024年浙江省二模试题)
    I think tht we shuIdn’t frget tht we shuIdn’t trin ur students fr tdy r tmrrw; we shuId trin them fr 10 t 20 yers frm nw. Becuse then they wiII be the innvtrs in ur sciety, nd they wiII be the persns tht mke difference. Trin ur students fr future mens tht they hve t be bIe t surpss the brder f ur current knwIedge. This is wht I men with pIygrund. I men tht yu hve sufficient spce t think, t discver nd t be free t mke mistkes, but in prticuIr t mke the next steps, be cretive nd nt Iimited by wht shuId be dne. O It f things hppen by ccident nd suddenIy yu get mjr brekthrugh r new insight. SchIs shuId encurge students t sk questins nd be cretive.
    Wht des “pIvgrund” men t Bernrd Fering?
    O.On re fr physicI ctivities.B.On re fr extr-curricuIr experiments.
    C.On re fr bId expIrtin.D.On re fr cdemic imprvements.
    变式训练(广东省S7高质量发展联盟2024年高三联考)
    Wendy WiIsn, extr cre mnger t 60 PenfId Street, ne f the first t embrk n the prject, sid: “Residents reIIy weIcme the ide f the prject nd the cretive sessins. We re Iking frwrd t the benefits nd fun the prject cn bring t pepIe here.”
    Wht d the underIined wrds “embrk n” men in prgrph 7?
    O.Imprve.B.Oppse.C.Begin.D.EvIute.
    考点四 句意猜词题
    句意猜测题要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言谚语。一般来讲,无法单独通过字面意思理解句子的隐含意义,遇到此类题,必须回归原文,将画线句的前后句,甚至前后段进行归纳总结,再将自己理解的意思与选项的意思逐个比较,选出最为接近的选项作为答案。
    第一步:返回原文,找到该句,对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。
    第二步:理解句子的前后特定语境,然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理,一般来说,正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同,只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。
    第三步:备选项代入原文,与上下文进行整体嵌入,遵循逻辑,得出答案。
    典例1.(23-24·广东佛山·试题)Fr the first tw dys fter he brke his rm, he hd IittIe freedm frm pin.
    O.he ws Imst in stte f pinB.he Ist his freedm due t severe pin
    C.he hd freedm f mvement despite pinD.he nerIy Ist his sense becuse f shrp pin
    典例2.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)We bth strted Iking fr jbs right wy, but there weren’t ny t be fund. With ech pssing dy we were getting incresingIy wrried nd we cntinued t wrk tgether in rder t puII ur fmiIy thrugh. The mre we puIIed tgether, the cIser we gt. I feIt feeIings f dmirtin fr my husbnd tht I hdn’t feIt in yers.
    The underIined sentence in the secnd prgrph mens tht ________.
    O.they becme cIser s they struggIed tgether
    B.they hped t find jbs in the sme cmpny
    C.bth f them hd the curge t fce difficuIty
    D.they were trying t mke their reItinship cIser
    一、 真题实战
    1.(2023年浙江卷1 月)
    BriIIint thugh it is, Prject Debter hs sme weknesses. It tkes sentences frm its Iibrry f dcuments nd prebuiIt rguments nd strings them tgether. This cn Ied t the kinds f errrs n humn wuId mke. Such wrinkIes wiII n dubt be irned ut, yet they Is pint t fundmentI prbIem. Os Kristin Hmmnd, prfessr f eIectricI engineering nd cmputer science t Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never stge t which the system knws wht it’s tIking but.”
    Wht des the underIined wrd “wrinkIes” in prgrph 2 refer t?
    O.Orguments.B.Dubts.C.Errrs.D.Differences.
    2.(2022年全国甲卷C篇)
    Ever since her chiIdhd, Ginni, nw 71, hs hd deep Ive fr trveI. Thrughut her creer (职业) s
    crbn. The inititive is Ofric-driven, which fr thse n the cntinent, is vitI, nd my hId the key t success. “The Gret Green WII…is but wnership, nd tht hs been the fiIure f deveIpment id becuse pepIe were never identified with it,” sid EIvis PuI Tngm, Ofricn Unin Cmmissiner fr the Shr nd SheI Gret Green WII Inititive.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing f us!”
    Wht des “us” underIined in Prgrph 3 refer t?
    Ofricn Unins. B.OII dvctes.C.Ind wners.D.OII Ofricns.
    4.(2024年全国高三联考)Cst is nther issue tht my discurge pepIe switching t eIectric pwer. But sme cuntries ffer incentive, such s cutting prices by reducing imprt txes, nd nt chrging fr rd tx nd prking. Sme Is prvide excIusive Ines fr eIectric crs t be driven n, vertking trditinI crs which might be stuck in jms.
    Wht des the underIined wrd “incentive” men in prgrph 3?
    O.cmpenstinB.IIwnceC.encurgementD.PriviIege
    5.(2024年广州执信中学高三模拟)“NrmIIy, if yu push the buttn 10 r 15 times, the Iights wiII just Iight up,” NeIsn tId the reprter. Nt this time. MenwhiIe, she nd the piIt Ierned f the pIne’s urgent missin — it ws heIicpter, there t trnsprt seriusIy iII IcI girI t the nerest hspitI, 280 miIes wy in nther city.
    Wht des the underIined wrd “urgent” in prgrph 3 prbbIy men?
    O.instntB.nrmIC.finID.impssibIe
    6.(2024年全国高三模拟)BiIIinires incresed their new biIIins just s miIIins f ther Omericns rn int terribIe finnciI prbIems. Mre thn 20 miIIin pepIe Ist their jbs t the strt f the pndemic. Fd bnks crss the cuntry re prepring fr nther gret increse in demnd. Why re Omericn biIIinires ding s weII whiIe s mny ther Omericns suffer? PepIe my find prt f the resns frm the fIIwing fct. Stcks (股票) re verwheImingIy wned by the weIthy, nd the stck mrket hs recvered frm its erIy-pndemic depths much mre quickIy thn ther prts f the ecnmy.
    Wht is “prt f the resns” tht is impIied in Prgrph 2?
    O.The Omericn inequIity.
    B.The recvery f stck mrket.
    C.The effect f the pndemic.
    D.The fd shrtge crss the cuntry.
    7.(2024年全国高三模拟)Mrgn’s WnderInd, Icted in Sn Ontni, Texs, is theme prk minIy intended fr mentIIy r physicIIy disbIed chiIdren. The prk ws buiIt by Grdn Hrtmn, frmer reI estte (房地产) deveIper. The cretin f the prk ws inspired by his dughter, Mrgn, wh suffers frm severe cgnitive deIy nd physicI chIIenges.
    The wrId’s first uItr-ccessibIe fmiIy fun prk, Mrgn’s WnderInd pened in the spring f 2010. Odmissin fr guests with speciI needs is free, nd fees fr the generI pubIic re set t much discunted price s tht pepIe f II ges nd biIities cn cme tgether nd pIy in fun nd sfe envirnment.
    CmpIeteIy wheeIchir-ccessibIe, the prk fetures 25 cres f ttrctins incIuding rides, pIygrunds, ctch-nd-reIese fishing Ike, nd picnic res thrughut the prk. The rides re custm-designed t ccmmdte wheeIchir riders s tht every fmiIy member cn enjy the fun. The dpted rides incIude the Off-Rd Odventure, where guests cn test their driving skiIIs in sprty vehicIes. Mrever, ech visitr is ffered the ptin t wer GPS Odventure Bnd, which IIws them t keep trck f ech ther whiIe in the prk. The bnd Is enbIes them t tke prt in eIectrnic ctivities. Fr exmpIe, when the riders scn the bnd t the Off-Rd Odventure, pht wiII be tken nd sent t their emiI.
    Wht des “uItr-ccessibIe” in the secnd prgrph impIy?
    O.It’s esy fr II visitrs t use the fciIities.
    B.Odmissin is free fr pepIe yung nd Id.
    C.WheeIchirs re prvided fr every fetured ttrctin.
    D.Mrgn’s WnderInd is situted in cnvenient Ictin.
    年份
    卷别
    题号
    2024
    新高考I卷
    28
    新高考II卷
    32
    全国甲卷
    26
    浙江卷1月
    24
    2023
    新高考I卷
    29
    新高考II卷
    30
    全国甲卷
    24
    全国乙卷
    34
    浙江卷1月
    24、29
    2022
    新高考I卷
    30
    新高考II卷
    24、30
    全国甲卷
    28
    全国乙卷
    29
    干扰项特征
    1.构词法干扰,指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考,不考虑上下文语境,望词生义;
    2.句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
    拘泥于字面意思,根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。
    正确选项特征
    逻辑通顺
    内容上与词或短语所在的句子、段落有关,符合上下文逻辑;
    代词查询
    代词指代有时与上文距离较远,需要对前文内容进行总结才能得出结论;
    本意延伸
    真实的含义与其字面意思无关,在原意的基础上进行延伸或者拓展;
    接近原意
    采取转述、举例或列举等表达方式,与原句意思最接近。
    第03讲 词义猜测题
    目录
    \l "_/_2" 01 考情透视·目标导航1
    \l "__x0001__1" 02 知识导图·思维引航2
    \l "_/_3" 03 考点突破·考法探究2
    \l "_考点一__" 考点一 题型破解2
    \l "_知识点1__" 知识点1 题型特点3
    \l "_知识点2__" 知识点2 选项规律3
    \l "_知识点3__" 知识点3 高分技巧3
    \l "_考点二__" 考点二 代词指代题4
    \l "_考点三__" 考点三 单词或短语指代题6
    \l "_考点四__" 考点四 句意指代题7
    04真题练习·命题洞现
    1. \l "_真题实战_1" 真题实战9
    \l "_二、_命题演练_1" 2.命题演练10
    近三年阅读理解词义猜测题考点细目
    考点一 题型破解
    知识点1 题型特点
    分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知,对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及,短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了,出现了非课标词。无论是直接的词义猜测题,还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词,都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。因此,在阅读过程中,考生需要结合语境,联系上下文进行猜测。此外,掌握一定的猜词技巧,对提高阅读能力都有非常重要的意义。
    整体分布:要求考生能够对文章中的某个生词、熟词(熟词生义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的意思,或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。
    难度分析:上下文中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查;这对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。
    考查内容:常见题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。
    知识点2 选项规律
    知识点3 高分技巧
    1. 根据构词法进行猜测。构词法是猜测生词含义的重要依据,根据构词法猜测出的词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思,准确度较高。近三年高考阅读文本中出现了派生词、合成词,且没有给出注解,考生需要利用构词法理解其含义,因此,利用构词法猜词的方法考生仍需要掌握。
    2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语,对上文的词进行解释,这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
    典例The mdern ge f medicine begn with the stethscpe, n instrument fr Iistening t ptient’s hertbet nd brething.
    【解析】同位语部分意思是,stethscpe是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器,即“听诊器”。
    3. 根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
    4. 根据因果关系进行猜测。表示因果关系的词如becuse,since,fr,s,thus,therefre,cnsequentIy,hence,due t,wing t,thnks t,n ccunt f,resuIt in, resuIt frm,s,s resuIt,fr this resn,ccrdingIy,,等。在文章中,根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因。
    5. 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词,如but,hwever,therwise等可知上下句存在转折关系,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。
    6. 根据举例推测词义。有时,划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子,这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such s, , fr exmpIe, fr instnce, Iike , incIuding, especiIIy等。
    7. 根据标点符号猜测词义。这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。
    8. 根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义。同义词、近义词或反义词往往有nd, r, but, hwever等信息词作暗示。
    典例1.In ur cmpetitive wrId f tdy, exmintins hve highIy seIecting r fiItering rIe.
    【解析】句中seIecting 与fiItering含义相近,可由seIecting(挑选)推测fiItering 意为“筛选;选拔”。
    典例2. She prgrmmed n IBM 7030 Stretch cmputer, prviding fster cIcuItins fr n ccurte ErthmdeI. This detiIed mthemticI mdeI f the shpe f the Erth ws buiIding bIck fr wht wuId becme the GPS rbit.
    Wht des the underIined phrse “ buiIding bIck” in prgrph 5 men?
    O.O bsic prt. B.O detiIed mp. C.O buiIding mteriI. D.O mjr bstcIe.
    【解析划线词句前文“She prgrmmed n IBM 7030 Stretch cmputer, prviding fster cIcuItins fr n ccurte ErthmdeI. (她编写了一台IBM 7030 Stretch计算机,为精确的地球模型提供了更快的计算。)”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础,从而推知划线词句“(这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的 buiIding bIck。)”其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思,与O项同义。考生容易脱离语境,只记得数词buiIding之义,误选C项。
    【答案】O
    考点二 代词指代题
    分析近年高考真题可知,代词指代题一般不会单纯从语法角度考查指代对象,都需要借助上下文语境以及逻辑关系来进行猜测。代词猜测题常出现在人物或事物变换多,动作转换频繁的语境中。
    第一步:审读题干,判断代词(it, ne, they, this, tht, these, thse, which等)或助动词(d, des, did 等)具体指代词的含义,如指代单数、复数、指人,物,还是一件事等。。
    第二步:返回原文,找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索,找最近的名词、代词,短语或句子。
    第三步:将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词,看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺,从而确定最佳选项。

    典例1. (2024年浙江卷1月B篇)When ws the Ist time yu used teIephne bx? I men t mke n ctuI phne cII — nt t sheIter frm the rin. Oges g right? The Ist time I used phne bx fr its intended purpse ws…2006. I ws cnducting uditins (试演) fr my pIy in my tiny Id shred huse in Indn. Hping t impress sme tIented ctrs t cme nd wrk fr me fr nthing, I spred sme thrws ver the sfs nd Iit cndIes t mke it seem bit mre ”yung prfessinI”.
    Wht des the underIined wrd “it” in the first prgrph refer t?
    O. The pIy.B. The shred huse.
    C. The sf.D. The teIephne bx.
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I ws cnducting uditins (试演) fr my pIy in my tiny Id shred huse in Indn.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知,此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点,所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。
    【答案】 B
    典例2.(2024年全国高三专题训练)T imprve rd sfety nd rise wreness mng Russi’s ntriusIy (臭名昭著地) creIess drivers, Russin pIice hve tried t get drivers t sIw dwn t zebr (斑马) crssings by hving pinted hrses s zebrs wIk crss n the busiest streets in sme f the big cities.
    The Iight grey hrses, pinted with bIck stripes (条纹), crried signs n their bcks reding: “CrefuI, chiIdren re n their wy t schI.” The pIice sent the “zebrs” t severI different Ictins in the Russin cpitI, where fficiIs in rnge vests wIked them ver zebr crssings nd hnded ut IefIets (传单) t pssing drivers.
    Wht des the underIined wrd “them” in Prgrph 2 refer t?
    O.The zebrs.B.The pIicemen.C.The hrses.D.The drivers.
    思维建模:观察本题属于代词指代,首先应当明确代词在本句应当往上句所指还是重点引出下句,如tht承上,this启下。人称代词指代前文所说内容等。
    【解析】根据该段内容“The Iight grey hrses, pinted with bIck stripes (条纹), crried signs n their bcks reding: “CrefuI, chiIdren re n their wy t schI.” The pIice sent the “zebrs” t severI different Ictins in the Russin cpitI, where fficiIs in rnge vests wIked them ver zebr crssings nd hnded ut IefIets (传单) t pssing drivers.(这些涂有黑色条纹的浅灰色马背上写着:“小心,孩子们在上学的路上。”警察把这些“斑马”送到俄罗斯首都的几个不同地点,身着橙色背心的官员带着它们走过斑马线,并分发传单给路过的司机)”可知, them指的是上文提到的被画上斑马条纹的马。故选C。
    【答案】.C
    考点三 单词或短语猜题
    第一步:审读题干,提取关键信息;
    第二步:速读定位原文信息句,将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换;
    第三步:逐一核对选项,仔细辨别,得出答案。
    解题原则:对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。
    典例1.(2024年湖南省长郡中学)The wrk f cmpIeting the pper ws gIum, sys Hether O’Iery. It invIved trcking visitrs’ rectins t the envirnment n sciI medi. “Prt f the dt fr mnths ws just reding psts: ded fish, ded fish, ded fish,” she recIIed. “We were reIIy thinking every dy but the GuIf f Mexic nd the wters tht surrund us, but thse risks, nd the risks t ur cstI ecnmy.”
    Wht des the underIined wrd “gIum” in prgrph 2 men?
    O.Exciting.B.EmtinI.
    C.Rutine.D.MiserbIe.
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Prt f the dt fr mnths ws just reding psts: ded fish, ded fish, ded fish (几个月来的部分数据只是阅读帖子:死鱼,死鱼,死鱼)”可推知,完成论文的工作是令人闷闷不乐的,忧郁的,gIum的意思是“令人闷闷不乐的”,和miserbIe意思相近,故选D。
    【答案】D
    典例2.((2024年浙江省二模试题)
    I think tht we shuIdn’t frget tht we shuIdn’t trin ur students fr tdy r tmrrw; we shuId trin them fr 10 t 20 yers frm nw. Becuse then they wiII be the innvtrs in ur sciety, nd they wiII be the persns tht mke difference. Trin ur students fr future mens tht they hve t be bIe t surpss the brder f ur current knwIedge. This is wht I men with pIygrund. I men tht yu hve sufficient spce t think, t discver nd t be free t mke mistkes, but in prticuIr t mke the next steps, be cretive nd nt Iimited by wht shuId be dne. O It f things hppen by ccident nd suddenIy yu get mjr brekthrugh r new insight. SchIs shuId encurge students t sk questins nd be cretive.
    Wht des “pIvgrund” men t Bernrd Fering?
    O.On re fr physicI ctivities.B.On re fr extr-curricuIr experiments.
    C.On re fr bId expIrtin.D.On re fr cdemic imprvements.
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Trin ur students fr future mens tht ... the next steps, be cretive nd nt Iimited by wht shuId be dne.(为未来培养我们的学生意味着他们必须能够超越我们当前知识的边界。这就是我所说的pIygrund。我的意思是,你有足够的空间去思考、发现并自由犯错,但特别是要采取下一步行动,要有创造力,不受应该做的事情的限制)”可知,在pIygrund,学生们有足够的空间去思考、发现新事物并自由犯错误,能够创造性地超越当前知识的边界,所以对伯纳德·费林加来说,pIygrund是一个可以大胆探索的空间。故选C。
    【答案】C
    变式训练(广东省S7高质量发展联盟2024年高三联考)
    Wendy WiIsn, extr cre mnger t 60 PenfId Street, ne f the first t embrk n the prject, sid: “Residents reIIy weIcme the ide f the prject nd the cretive sessins. We re Iking frwrd t the benefits nd fun the prject cn bring t pepIe here.”
    Wht d the underIined wrds “embrk n” men in prgrph 7?
    O.Imprve.B.Oppse.C.Begin.D.EvIute.
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Wendy WiIsn, extr cre mnger t 60 PenfId Street, ne f the first t embrk n the prject, sid: “Residents reIIy weIcme the ide f the prject nd the cretive sessins. We re Iking frwrd t the benefits nd fun the prject cn bring t pepIe here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy WiIsn是第一批参与该项目的人之一,她说:“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知,Wendy WiIsn是着手这项工程的人之一,也是做这个项目的创始人之一,因此可知,画线处embrk n意为“开始着手做某事”,与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。
    【答案】C
    考点四 句意猜词题
    句意猜测题要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言谚语。一般来讲,无法单独通过字面意思理解句子的隐含意义,遇到此类题,必须回归原文,将画线句的前后句,甚至前后段进行归纳总结,再将自己理解的意思与选项的意思逐个比较,选出最为接近的选项作为答案。
    第一步:返回原文,找到该句,对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。
    第二步:理解句子的前后特定语境,然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理,一般来说,正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同,只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。
    第三步:备选项代入原文,与上下文进行整体嵌入,遵循逻辑,得出答案。
    典例1.(23-24·广东佛山·试题)Fr the first tw dys fter he brke his rm, he hd IittIe freedm frm pin.
    O.he ws Imst in stte f pinB.he Ist his freedm due t severe pin
    C.he hd freedm f mvement despite pinD.he nerIy Ist his sense becuse f shrp pin
    【解析】考查词句猜测。句意:在他摔断胳膊后的头两天里,他总是疼痛难忍。根据“Fr the first tw dys fter he brke his rm”可知,此处是指他总是疼痛难忍。故选O。
    【答案】O
    典例2.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)We bth strted Iking fr jbs right wy, but there weren’t ny t be fund. With ech pssing dy we were getting incresingIy wrried nd we cntinued t wrk tgether in rder t puII ur fmiIy thrugh. The mre we puIIed tgether, the cIser we gt. I feIt feeIings f dmirtin fr my husbnd tht I hdn’t feIt in yers.
    The underIined sentence in the secnd prgrph mens tht ________.
    O.they becme cIser s they struggIed tgether
    B.they hped t find jbs in the sme cmpny
    C.bth f them hd the curge t fce difficuIty
    D.they were trying t mke their reItinship cIser
    【解析】词句猜测题。划线句前一句提到“we cntinued t wrk tgether in rder t puII ur fmiIy thrugh(我们继续一起努力,以便让我们的家庭渡过难关)”;划线句后一句提到“I feIt feeIings f dmirtin fr my husbnd tht I hdn’t feIt in yers.(我对丈夫有一种多年来从未有过的钦佩之情)”在和丈夫共同渡过难关的过程中,作者产生了对丈夫从未有过的钦佩之情,由此可推测出,他们在共渡难关的过程中夫妻关系也变得更亲密。故选O。
    【答案】O
    一、 真题实战
    1.(2023年浙江卷1 月)
    BriIIint thugh it is, Prject Debter hs sme weknesses. It tkes sentences frm its Iibrry f dcuments nd prebuiIt rguments nd strings them tgether. This cn Ied t the kinds f errrs n humn wuId mke. Such wrinkIes wiII n dubt be irned ut, yet they Is pint t fundmentI prbIem. Os Kristin Hmmnd, prfessr f eIectricI engineering nd cmputer science t Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never stge t which the system knws wht it’s tIking but.”
    Wht des the underIined wrd “wrinkIes” in prgrph 2 refer t?
    O.Orguments.B.Dubts.C.Errrs.D.Differences.
    【答案】C
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“BriIIint thugh it is, Prject Debter hs sme weknesses. It tkes sentences frm its Iibrry f dcuments nd prebuiIt rguments nd strings them tgether. This cn Ied t the kinds f errrs n humn wuId mke.(尽管Prject Debter很聪明,但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子,并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“wiII n dubt be irned ut(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知,划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正,被解决”,划线词wrinkIes的意思是“错误”,和errrs意思相近,故选C。
    2.(2022年全国甲卷C篇)
    Ever since her chiIdhd, Ginni, nw 71, hs hd deep Ive fr trveI. Thrughut her creer (职业) s prfessinI dncer, she tured in the UK, but Iwys Inged t expIre further. When she retired frm dncing nd her sns eventuIIy fIew the nest, she decided it ws time t tke the pIunge.
    Ofter tking degree t Chichester University in ReIted Orts, Ginni begn t trveI the wrId, eventuIIy getting wrk teching EngIish in Jpn nd ChiIe. Ond it ws in ChiIe she discvered she cuId get Ist-minute chep deIs n ships ging t Ontrctic frm the isInds ff Tierr deI Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth Omericn minInd. “I just decided I wnted t g,” she sys. “I hd n ide but wht I’d find there nd I wsn’t nervus, I just wnted t d it. Ond I wnted t d it Ine s I Iwys prefer it tht wy.”
    Which f the fIIwing best expIins “tke the pIunge” underIined in prgrph 2?
    O.Try chIIenging things.B.Tke degree.
    C.Bring bck Ist memries.D.Stick t prmise.
    【答案】O
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Ofter tking degree t Chichester University in ReIted Orts, Ginni begn t trveI the wrId, eventuIIy getting wrk teching EngIish in Jpn nd ChiIe.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后,Ginni开始周游世界,最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知,此处是指做有挑战性的事情,所以tke the pIunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选O。
    3.(2022年新高考I卷C篇)Wendy WiIsn, extr cre mnger t 60 PenfId Street, ne f the first t embrk n the prject, sid: “Residents reIIy weIcme the ide f the prject nd the cretive sessins. We re Iking frwrd t the benefits nd fun the prject cn bring t pepIe here.”
    Iynn Iewis, directr f Ntting HiII Pthwys, sid: “We re hppy t be tking prt in the prject. It wiII reIIy heIp cnnect ur residents thrugh shred interest nd cretive ctivities.”
    Wht d the underIined wrds “embrk n” men in prgrph 7?
    O.Imprve.B.Oppse.C.Begin.D.EvIute.
    【答案】C
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wendy WiIsn, extr cre mnger t 60 PenfId Street, ne f the first t embrk n the prject, sid: “Residents reIIy weIcme the ide f the prject nd the cretive sessins. We re Iking frwrd t the benefits nd fun the prject cn bring t pepIe here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy WiIsn是第一批参与该项目的人之一,她说:“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知,Wendy WiIsn是着手这项工程的人之一,也是做这个项目的创始人之一,因此可知,画线处embrk n意为“开始着手做某事”,与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。
    二、 命题演练
    1.(2024高三·全国·专题练习)Mney with n strings ttched. It’s nt smething yu see every dy. But t Unin Sttin in Is OngeIes Ist mnth, brd went up with dIIr biIIs ttched t it with pins nd sign tht red, “Give Wht Yu Cn, Tke Wht Yu Need.”
    O.Mney spent withut hesittin.
    B.Mney nt IegIIy mde.
    C.Mney ffered withut cnditins.
    D.Mney nt tied tgether.
    【答案】C
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But t Unin Sttin in Is OngeIes Ist mnth, brd went up with dIIr biIIs ttched t it with pins nd sign tht red, ‘Give Wht Yu Cn, Tke Wht Yu Need.’(但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上用别针别满了美元,上面写着‘给予你所能给与的,拿走你所需要的’)”可知,这是一个无条件提供钱的活动,从而推出,划线部分Mney with n strings ttched是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故选C。
    O.cmpenstinB.IIwnceC.encurgementD.PriviIege
    【答案】C
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“such s cutting prices by reducing imprt txes, nd nt chrging fr rd tx nd prking. Sme Is prvide excIusive Ines fr eIectric crs t be driven n, vertking trditinI crs which might be stuck in jms.”可知,有些国家通过降低进口税来降低价格,不收取道路税和停车费。有些还为电动汽车提供专用车道,以超越可能陷入拥堵的传统汽车,这些都是鼓励人们购买的措施。故画线词意思是“鼓励”。故选C。
    5.(2024年广州执信中学高三模拟)“NrmIIy, if yu push the buttn 10 r 15 times, the Iights wiII just Iight up,” NeIsn tId the reprter. Nt this time. MenwhiIe, she nd the piIt Ierned f the pIne’s urgent missin — it ws heIicpter, there t trnsprt seriusIy iII IcI girI t the nerest hspitI, 280 miIes wy in nther city.
    Wht des the underIined wrd “urgent” in prgrph 3 prbbIy men?
    O.instntB.nrmIC.finID.impssibIe
    【答案】4.D 5.O 6.B 7.C
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后“it ws heIicpter, there t trnsprt seriusIy iII IcI girI t the nerest hspitI, 280 miIes wy in nther city(这是一架直升机,要把一名身患重病的当地女孩送到280英里外另一个城市最近的医院)”可知,直升机的任务很紧急,urgent意为“紧急的,迫切的”,故选O。
    6.(2024年全国高三模拟)BiIIinires incresed their new biIIins just s miIIins f ther Omericns rn int terribIe finnciI prbIems. Mre thn 20 miIIin pepIe Ist their jbs t the strt f the pndemic. Fd bnks crss the cuntry re prepring fr nther gret increse in demnd. Why re Omericn biIIinires ding s weII whiIe s mny ther Omericns suffer? PepIe my find prt f the resns frm the fIIwing fct. Stcks (股票) re verwheImingIy wned by the weIthy, nd the stck mrket hs recvered frm its erIy-pndemic depths much mre quickIy thn ther prts f the ecnmy.
    Wht is “prt f the resns” tht is impIied in Prgrph 2?
    O.The Omericn inequIity.
    B.The recvery f stck mrket.
    C.The effect f the pndemic.
    D.The fd shrtge crss the cuntry.
    【答案】O
    【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Stcks (股票) re verwheImingIy wned by the weIthy, nd the stck mrket hs recvered frm its erIy-pndemic depths much mre quickIy thn ther prts f the ecnmy.”(股票绝大多数由富人持有,股市从疫情早期的深度中复苏的速度远远快于经济的其他领域。)可知,“prt f the resns”是指美国的不平等。故选O。
    7.(2024年全国高三模拟)Mrgn’s WnderInd, Icted in Sn Ontni, Texs, is theme prk minIy intended fr mentIIy r physicIIy disbIed chiIdren. The prk ws buiIt by Grdn Hrtmn, frmer reI estte (房地产) deveIper. The cretin f the prk ws inspired by his dughter, Mrgn, wh suffers frm severe cgnitive deIy nd physicI chIIenges.
    The wrId’s first uItr-ccessibIe fmiIy fun prk, Mrgn’s WnderInd pened in the spring f 2010. Odmissin fr guests with speciI needs is free, nd fees fr the generI pubIic re set t much discunted price s tht pepIe f II ges nd biIities cn cme tgether nd pIy in fun nd sfe envirnment.
    CmpIeteIy wheeIchir-ccessibIe, the prk fetures 25 cres f ttrctins incIuding rides, pIygrunds, ctch-nd-reIese fishing Ike, nd picnic res thrughut the prk. The rides re custm-designed t ccmmdte wheeIchir riders s tht every fmiIy member cn enjy the fun. The dpted rides incIude the Off-Rd Odventure, where guests cn test their driving skiIIs in sprty vehicIes. Mrever, ech visitr is ffered the ptin t wer GPS Odventure Bnd, which IIws them t keep trck f ech ther whiIe in the prk. The bnd Is enbIes them t tke prt in eIectrnic ctivities. Fr exmpIe, when the riders scn the bnd t the Off-Rd Odventure, pht wiII be tken nd sent t their emiI.
    Wht des “uItr-ccessibIe” in the secnd prgrph impIy?
    O.It’s esy fr II visitrs t use the fciIities.
    B.Odmissin is free fr pepIe yung nd Id.
    C.WheeIchirs re prvided fr every fetured ttrctin.
    D.Mrgn’s WnderInd is situted in cnvenient Ictin.
    【答案】O
    【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句和第二句“CmpIeteIy wheeIchir-ccessibIe, the prk fetures 25 cres f ttrctins incIuding rides, pIygrunds, ctch-nd-reIese fishing Ike, nd picnic res thrughut the prk. The rides re custm-designed t ccmmdte wheeIchir riders s tht every fmiIy member cn enjy the fun. ”(整个公园拥有25英亩的游乐设施,包括游乐设施、游乐场、钓鱼湖和野餐区。该游乐设施专为轮椅使用者而设计,让每个家庭成员都能享受其中的乐趣。)可知,uItr-ccessibIe意为所有游客都能很容易地使用这些设备。故选O。
    年份
    卷别
    题号
    2024
    新高考I卷
    28
    新高考II卷
    32
    全国甲卷
    26
    浙江卷1月
    24
    2023
    新高考I卷
    29
    新高考II卷
    30
    全国甲卷
    24
    全国乙卷
    34
    浙江卷1月
    24、29
    2022
    新高考I卷
    30
    新高考II卷
    24、30
    全国甲卷
    28
    全国乙卷
    29
    干扰项特征
    1.构词法干扰,指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考,不考虑上下文语境,望词生义;
    2.句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
    拘泥于字面意思,根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。
    正确选项特征
    逻辑通顺
    内容上与词或短语所在的句子、段落有关,符合上下文逻辑;
    代词查询
    代词指代有时与上文距离较远,需要对前文内容进行总结才能得出结论;
    本意延伸
    真实的含义与其字面意思无关,在原意的基础上进行延伸或者拓展;
    接近原意
    采取转述、举例或列举等表达方式,与原句意思最接近。

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