安徽省芜湖市2024-2025学年高二上学期10月第一次月考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份安徽省芜湖市2024-2025学年高二上学期10月第一次月考英语试题（解析版），共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一节 （共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What des the man suggest the wman d?
A．Search the canteen. B．Buy a new textbk. C．Put up a ntice.
2．Where des the man want t g?
A．Beech Street. B．East Main. C．Linden Avenue.
3．Hw much time des the wman’s watch gain?
A．Ten minutes. B．Five minutes. C．Fifteen minutes.
4．Wh is the man prbably?
A．A pliceman. B．A gas statin clerk. C．A driving cach.
5．What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A．The nice weather. B．The strng wind. C．The beautiful leaves.
第二节 （共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。
6．Where des the wman’s brther wrk?
A．At the plice statin. B．In a small stre. C．In a cllege.
7．Hw is the wman’s relatinship with her parents?
A．Terrible. B．Just s- s. C．Gd.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8．Which team des the man supprt?
A．The Reds. B．The Cubs. C．The Mets.
9．What des the wman say abut the Cubs?
A．They have a new base runner.
B．They have a great recrd this year.
C．They wn every game this seasn.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10．Hw ld is the wman?
A．25 years ld. B．60 years ld. C．70 years ld.
11．What kind f shps des the wman never visit?
A．Big chain stres. B．Small shps. C．Independent shps.
12．What is the wman’s pinin abut fashins?
A．They never repeat.
B．Jeans are the mst fashinable.
C．Sme f them may return years later.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13．What will the presentatin start with?
A．The functins f cluds. B．The frmatin f cluds. C．The different types f cluds.
14．Why des the man suggest having small cards?
A．T rganize all the research.
B．T remind him f what t say.
C T make the presentatin interesting.
15．What will the man d?
A．Prepare the cards.
B．Make the presentatin slides.
C．Lk fr pictures f cluds nline.
16．What sectin will the wman talk abut?
A．The intrductin. B．The lw- level cluds. C．The medium- level cluds.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17．What d we knw abut the Climbing Center?
A．It was started in 1952 by a muntaineer.
B．It runs curses frm March t Nvember.
C．It desn’t prvide accmmdatin in winter.
18．What des the speaker think f the price f the fur- day curse?
A．Lw. B．Reasnable. C．High.
19．What did the speaker learn t d n the secnd day?
A．Predict the weather. B．Read a map. C．Set up a tent.
20．What can peple enjy in the evenings at the Center?
A．Seeing films. B．Reading bks. C．Playing table tennis.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
What’s Happening at Cheshire Library in September
Mvie Matinees Are Back!
September l , 1:00pm: The Plar Express (2004)
September 7, 1:00pm: The Darjeeling Limited (2007)
We’re bringing ur Mvie Matinees back, and this mnth there’s truble n a train! This is a drp-in prgram, n registratin required. Cme by fr a mvie n the big screen!
Art Jurnaling with Megan Jeffery
September 8, 6:30-8:00pm
Learn hw yu can get started in dcumenting yur life with art jurnaling in this engaging wrkshp led by illustratr Megan Jeffery. Participants will create their wn jumaling cards using a variety f supplies. Space is limited, s registratin is required.
The Humane Gardener: Nancy Lawsn (Online)
September 15, 6:30-8:00pm
Jin authr Nancy Lawsn as ur special guest speaker in an nline presentatin related t her bk The Humane Gardener: Nurturing a Backyard Habitat fr Wildlife, which explains the imprtance f cexisting with the lcal wildlife. Registratin required t receive a Zm link ne hur befre the start f the prgram.
Preschl Strytime (Ages 3-5)
September 20, 10:00-10:45am
A prgram fr preschlers t learn thrugh talking, singing, reading, writing, and playing! Fr children ages 3-5 and their caregivers. Registratin: Cheshire residents may register beginning n September 6. Nn-residents may register starting n September 13.
1. What is special abut the mvie-watching prgram?
A. It is held n a train. B. It is an nline prgram.
C. It includes hands-n activities.D. It requires n advance registratin.
2. What shuld participants d befre jining the presentatin by Nancy Lawsn?
A. Click a Zm link. B. Read her latest bk.
C. Bring their wn art supplies.D. Submit an art jurnaling card.
3. Wh are mst likely interested in the Sept. 20 prgram?
A. Mvie lvers.B. Gardeners.C. Preschlers’ parents.D. Artists.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了Cheshire图书馆举办的四个活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mvie Matinees Are Back!部分中“This is a drp-in prgram, n registratin required.(这是一个临时项目，不需要注册)”可知，这是一个无需预约、无需注册的活动。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Humane Gardener: Nancy Lawsn (Online)部分中“Registratin required t receive a Zm link ne hur befre the start f the prgram.(注册后需要在节目开始前一小时收到Zm链接)”可知，在参加Nancy Lawsn的演讲之前，参与者应该单击Zm链接。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Preschl Strytime (Ages 3-5)部分中“September 20”及“A prgram fr preschlers t learn thrugh talking, singing, reading, writing, and playing! Fr children ages 3-5 and their caregivers.(一个让学龄前儿童通过说话、唱歌、阅读、写作和玩耍来学习的项目！适用于3-5岁儿童及其看护人)”可知，9月20日是一个给学龄前儿童准备的活动，他们的父母应该对这个活动最感兴趣。故选C。
B
My family and I had set ut n a day trip frm Shillng t Cherrapunji, a twn knwn fr being ne f the wettest places n Earth. Hwever, after we had been stuck in traffic fr mre than fur hurs, ne f my sisters prpsed ging back t the city as a last attempt t save whatever remained f the day. A quick nline search revealed ther must-visit spts arund Shillng. Mst were familiar, but ne caught ur attentin — Nartiang with its mysterius mnliths (独石碑). The pht shwed tall stnes piled tgether in a strange frmatin, appealing t us t explre further despite the lack f details prvided.
That is hw I fund myself standing in the shadw f the huge mnliths f Nartiang, which is hme t the thickest and largest cllectin in the regin. Curius t uncver their histry, I apprached Mary Symblai, a village elder I met later that day, wh tld me the stry f the mnliths that has been rally passed dwn ver generatins. She said, “Back in the day, Nartiang didn’t have a bazaar (集市) and the nearest ne was at Raliang. On ne such bazaar, a giant named Mar Phalyngki was caught in heavy rain n his way back. He requested t brrw an umbrella frm the Raliang chief’s yungest daughter, but she wanted t test his legendary strength instead. ‘Why dn’t yu g lift that huge stne in the bazaar and use it as an umbrella?’ she said dismissively. Embldened by her challenge, he just did that, but befre reaching Nartiang, he placed it in a frest when the rain had stpped.”
“There is a certain verlap f ancient stry and memry in the case f the Nartiang mnliths. The lcals’ accunt f hw the place came t be is based n ancient stries r flk custms. But they als remember it because it served their ancestrs as a weekly marketplace, a memrial, and a place fr plitical gatherings. That is hw ral histry wrks. It mixes fact and fictin int cllective memry”, said Dr Reeju Ray, a lcal writer.
Tday, even thugh the traditinal custms and mre cnfirmed histrical accunts ffer sme insight int the site, the mystery (奥秘) f the stne giants lasts.
4. Why did the authr and his family cme t visit the mnliths f Nartiang?
A. It was in their riginal trip plan.
B. They had t chse it as an alternative.
C. It was the nly remaining place t visit.
D. An elder village r gave them the suggestin.
5. Which des the underlined wrd “Embldened” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Threatened. B. Mved.C. Stimulated.D. Frightened.
6. Why are Dr. Reeju Ray’s wrds mentined?
A. T inf rm what the mnliths served as.
B. T illustrate hw the mysterius stry came int being.
C. T intrduce the feature f Nartiang mnliths.
D. T deny the verlap f ancient stry and memry.
7. What is the best title fr the text?
A. A Trip t the Mnliths. B. The Mystery f Shillng.
C. The Frmatin f the Mnliths.D. A Disappinting Travel Experience.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者探索Nartiang巨石的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“My family and I had set ut n a day trip frm Shillng t Cherrapunji, a twn knwn fr being ne f the wettest places n Earth. Hwever, after we had been stuck in traffic fr mre than fur hurs, ne f my sisters prpsed ging back t the city as a last attempt t save whatever remained f the day. A quick nline search revealed ther must-visit spts arund Shillng. Mst were familiar, but ne caught ur attentin—Nartiang with its mysterius mnliths(独石碑). (我和家人从Shillng出发前往Cherrapunji，这是一个以地球上最潮湿的地方之一而闻名的小镇。然而，在我们被困在交通中四个多小时后，我的一个姐姐提议回到城市，作为最后一次尝试，以挽救当天剩下的一切。一个快速的在线搜索显示，Shillng周围还有其他必去景点。大多数人都很熟悉，但有一个引起了我们的注意——Nartiang及其神秘的巨石。)”可知，作者因为交通被困，所以改变原来旅游路线，不得已选择参观Nartiang及其神秘的巨石。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第二段“He requested t brrw an umbrella frm the Raliang chief’s yungest daughter, but she wanted t test his legendary strength instead. ‘Why dn’t yu g lift that huge stne in the bazaar and use it as an umbrella?’ she said dismissively. Embldened by her challenge, he just did that, but befre reaching Nartiang, he placed it in a frest when the rain had stpped.(他要求向拉良首领的小女儿借把伞，但她想试试他传奇般的力量你为什么不去集市上搬那块巨石当伞用呢？”她轻蔑地说。在她的挑战的 下，他就这么做了，但在到达Nartiang之前，雨停了，他把它放在了森林里。)”可推测，这里指在女孩的话语的“刺激”下，巨人搬了石头。所以猜测Embldened表“被刺激”。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段“There is a certain verlap f ancient stry and memry in the case f the Nartiang mnliths. The lcals’ accunt f hw the place came t be is based n ancient stries r flk custms. But they als remember it because it served their ancestrs as a weekly marketplace, a memrial, and a place fr plitical gatherings. That is hw ral histry wrks. It mixes fact and fictin int cllective memry(在Nartiang巨石的案例中，古代故事和记忆有一定的重叠。当地人对这个地方是如何形成的描述是基于古代故事或民俗。但他们也记得它，因为它是他们祖先每周的集市、纪念碑和政治集会的场所。口述历史就是这样运作的。它将事实和虚构混合到集体记忆中)”可知，文中提到了Dr. Reeju Ray的话是为了说明这个神秘的故事是如何产生的。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段“A quick nline search revealed ther must-visit spts arund Shillng. Mst were familiar, but ne caught ur attentin—Nartiang with its mysterius mnliths(独石碑). The pht shwed tall stnes piled tgether in a strange frmatin, appealing t us t explre further despite the lack f details prvided.(一个快速的在线搜索显示，Shillng周围还有其他必去景点。大多数人都很熟悉，但有一个引起了我们的注意——Nartiang及其神秘的巨石。照片显示，高高的石头以一种奇怪的形式堆积在一起，尽管缺乏细节，但仍呼吁我们进一步探索。)”以及下文可知，文章主要讲作者探索Nartiang巨石的故事，所以A项A Trip t the Mnliths(巨石之旅)作为文章标题，与本文主题相符合。故选A项。
C
As ne f the mst mmentus languages in the wrld, Latin had humble beginnings. It riginated alng the Tiber River in Italy and nly a handful f peple spke the language. Over time, Latin became mre distinguished as Rmans prcured plitical pwer. Many famus literary texts and scientific classificatins were written in Latin. Even thugh knwing Latin indicated a persn was educated, accrding t Britannica, in the 20th century far fewer peple learned Latin”, leading it t be classified as a "dead” language.
There are arund 7, 000 living languages in the wrld, but, accrding t Britannica, “mre than half are at risk f dying ut by the end f the 21st century”. Civilizatins evlve ver time and s d languages. Mre ften than nt, a language dies because everyne wh speaks the language dies. Fr example, Marie Smith Jnes, perhaps the last native speaker f the Alaskan Eyak language, died at the age f 89 in 2008, and s did the language. Nw, fewer and fewer peple speak Latin, which raises public's awareness abut its preservatin.
Actually, there are many ther reasns in respect f why Latin shuld be preserved r taught. “It is a windw int an engaging ancient civilizatin, and studying an ancient civilizatin teaches us t respect different pints f view and unfamiliar cultural practices," says Kathleen Cleman, James Leb Prfessr f Harvard University.
Since it isn't used in rdinary cnversatins, there are a lt f difficulties that arise frm teaching Latin. Teaching a 'dead' language is distinct frm teaching ther languages, explains Cleman, “because there are n native speakers t demnstrate us hw it sunds r answer questins abut the meanings f wrds r justify idims. While it's tugh, we still can find the answers t ur questins frm the fragmentary evidence available in written texts.”
8. What can we learn abut Latin frm Paragraph 1?
A. Latin was well-knwn since its birth.
B. Only educated peple learned Latin in the past.
C. Latin was nt favred by scientists and writers.
D. All peple didn't learn Latin in the 20th century.
9. The authr mentins Marie Smith Jnes in Paragraph 2 t shw.
A. Latin is ging t be a "dead” language.
B. what it really means when a language dies.
C. why peple shuld be aware f prtecting languages.
D. he is the last native speaker f the Alaskan Eyak language.
10. Why shuld peple learn Latin accrding t Cleman?
A. T shw unfamiliar practices.
B. T respect thers' pinins.
C. T learn abut an ancient sciety.
D. T prtect a "dead” language.
11. What will the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The learning materials.
B. The develpment f Latin.
C. The learning methds.
D. The difficulties in learning Latin.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拉丁语的日渐消亡的原因以及被教授或者保护拉丁语所面临的问题。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Even thugh knwing Latin indicated a persn was educated, accrding t Britannica, in the 20th century far fewer peple learned Latin”, leading it t be classified as a "dead” language.（根据《大英百科全书》，即使懂拉丁语意味着一个人受过教育，但在20世纪学习拉丁语的人要少得多”，导致拉丁语被归类为“消失”语言。）可知，在20世纪，并非所有人都学拉丁语。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“Fr example, Marie Smith Jnes, perhaps the last native speaker f the Alaskan Eyak language, died at the age f 89 in 2008, and s did the language. ”（例如，阿拉斯加埃亚克语的最后一位母语使用者玛丽·史密斯·琼斯于2008年去世，享年89岁。埃亚克语也是如此。）可知，文中提到Marie Smith Jnes是为了说明第三句“Mre ften than nt, a language dies because everyne wh speaks the language dies. ”（通常情况下，一种语言的消亡是因为说这种语言的人都死了。）所以作者在第二段提到玛丽·史密斯·琼斯来说明，当一种语言消亡时，它意味着什么。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It is a windw int an engaging ancient civilizatin, and studying an ancient civilizatin teaches us t respect different pints f view and unfamiliar cultural practices”（它是一个通向迷人的古代文明的窗口，研究一个古代文明教会我们尊重不同的观点和陌生的文化习俗）可知，人们学习拉丁语是为了了解古代社会。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“While it's tugh, we still can find the answers t ur questins frm the fragmentary evidence available in written texts.”（虽然很难，但我们仍然可以从书面文本中获得的零碎证据中找到问题的答案。）可知，接下来文章要讨论在书面文本中获得的学习材料。故选A。
D
Odrs (气味) are cmplex and ften have changeable structures, and can shw meaningful infrmatin abut an animal’s surrundings, like the lcatin f fd surces. But it has previusly been assumed that mammalian (哺乳动物的) brains can`t fully prcess these tempral changes in smell because they happen s rapidly, much faster than an animal can smell.
Using behaviral experiments, researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and UCL(University Cllege Lndn)fund that mice can, in fact, detect very rapid variatins within drs, at rates previusly nt thught pssible. They als shwed that mice can use this infrmatin t distinguish whether drs are cming frm the same r different surces, even if they are very clse t each ther.
This suggests that the mammalian lfactry (嗅觉的) system is als key in prcessing the awareness f physical space and surrundings, guiding decisins imprtant t survival.
Andreas Schaefer, grup leader f the Sensry Circuits and Neurtechnlgy Labratry at UCL says: “Frm an evlutinary (进化的) pint f view ur findings make sense as they help t explain why there is a lt f cmputatinal pwer within the lfactry bulb, the part f the brain where the nse sends signals t. It’s nt nly prcessing chemicals frm drs but als calculating infrmatin abut physical distance and surces. It wuld have been strange fr evlutin t create such prcessing pwer in this part f the brain if it were nt being used t help the species survive.”
In ne key experiment, the scientists trained mice t detect whether tw drs were cming frm the same surce r separate surces. The mice were able t crrectly distinguish this difference.
As part f the study, the scientists designed new technlgies including a high-speed dr delivery device and equipment that can measure several drs with extremely high precisin. These innvatins will enable mre cmplicated wrk n the lfactry bulb, increasing ur knwledge f hw this brain regin prcesses infrmatin abut the envirnment and influences behavir.
12. What has been previusly assumed impssible fr mammalian brains?
A. Sensing fast and small changes in drs.
B. Respnding t different behavirs prperly.
C. Sptting relatinships amng different drs.
D. Remembering the exact lcatin f fd surces.
13. What d Schaefer’s wrds imply abut the lfactry bulb?
A. It sends signals t the nse. B. It changes an animal’s evlutin.
C. It detects an animal’s surrundings.D. It recgnizes different parts f the brain.
14. Why did the scientists create new technlgies?
A. T investigate the structures f several drs.
B. T learn mre abut hw the lfactry bulb wrks.
C. T develp mre treatments fr the lfactry bulb.
D. T explre the impact f the envirnment n the brain.
15. What des the text mainly tell us?
A. Mice might have a unique lfactry system.
B. Mammalian brains wn cmputatinal pwer.
C. Different structures f drs attract different mice.
D. Rapid changing smells can teach mice abut space.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。气味是复杂的，通常具有可变的结构，可以显示动物周围环境的有意义的信息，比如食物来源的位置。但此前人们认为，哺乳动物的大脑无法完全处理这些嗅觉的时间变化，因为它们发生得太快了。研究人员发现，事实上，老鼠可以以以前认为不可能的速度检测到气味的快速变化，还能辨别气味是否来自相同或不同的来源。这表明，哺乳动物的嗅觉系统在处理对物理空间和环境的感知起着关键作用，可以指导对生存至关重要的决策。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Odrs (气味) are cmplex and ften have changeable structures, and can shw meaningful infrmatin abut an animal’s surrundings, like the lcatin f fd surces. But it has previusly been assumed that mammalian (哺乳动物的) brains can`t fully prcess these tempral changes in smell because they happen s rapidly, much faster than an animal can smell.”（气味很复杂，通常具有可变的结构，可以显示有关动物周围环境的有意义的信息，例如食物来源的位置。但之前人们认为哺乳动物的大脑无法完全处理这些嗅觉的瞬时变化，因为它们发生得非常快，比动物的嗅觉快得多。）可知，气味是复杂的，通常具有可变的结构，可以显示动物周围环境的有意义的信息，比如食物来源的位置。但此前人们认为，哺乳动物的大脑无法完全处理这些嗅觉的时间变化，因为它们发生得太快了。第二段中“Using behaviral experiments, researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and UCL(University Cllege Lndn)fund that mice can, in fact, detect very rapid variatins within drs, at rates previusly nt thught pssible.”（弗朗西斯克里克研究所和伦敦大学学院的研究人员通过行为实验发现，老鼠实际上可以检测到气味的快速变化，其变化速度是以前认为不可能的。）可知，研究人员发现，事实上，老鼠可以以以前认为不可能的速度检测到气味的快速变化，还能辨别气味是否来自相同或不同的来源。由此可知，此前人们认为哺乳动物的大脑不可能感知气味快速而细微的变化。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“It’s nt nly prcessing chemicals frm drs but als calculating infrmatin abut physical distance and surces. It wuld have been dd fr evlutin t create such prcessing pwer in this part f the brain if it were nt being used t help the species survive.”（它不仅处理气味中的化学物质，还计算有关物理距离和来源的信息。如果不是为了帮助物种生存，大脑的这一部分会进化出如此强大的处理能力，这真是太奇怪了）可知，嗅球不仅从气味中处理化学物质，而且还计算物理距离和来源的信息，并且这些是可以用来帮助物种生存的，由此可推知，谢弗的话暗示了嗅球可以探测动物的周围环境。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“As part f the study, the scientists designed new technlgies including a high-speed dr delivery device and equipment that can measure several drs with extremely high precisin. These innvatins will enable mre cmplicated wrk n the lfactry bulb, increasing ur knwledge f hw this brain regin prcesses infrmatin abut the envirnment and influences behavir.”（作为研究的一部分，科学家们设计了新技术，包括高速气味传送装置和可以以极高精度测量多种气味的设备。这些创新将使嗅球研究更加复杂，让我们更了解这个大脑区域如何处理环境信息并影响行为。）可知，科学家们创造新技术是为了进一步了解嗅球的工作原理。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Using behaviral experiments, researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and UCL(University Cllege Lndn)fund that mice can, in fact, detect very rapid variatins within drs, at rates previusly nt thught pssible. They als shwed that mice can use this infrmatin t distinguish whether drs are cming frm the same r different surces, even if they are very clse t each ther.”（弗朗西斯克里克研究所和伦敦大学学院的研究人员通过行为实验发现，小鼠实际上能够以以前认为不可能的速度检测到气味的快速变化。他们还表明，即使气味彼此非常接近，小鼠也可以利用这些信息区分气味是来自相同来源还是不同来源。）和第三段“This suggests that the mammalian lfactry (嗅觉的) system is als key in prcessing the awareness f physical space and surrundings, guiding decisins imprtant t survival.”（这表明，哺乳动物的嗅觉系统在处理物理空间和周围环境意识方面也发挥着关键作用，可以指导对生存至关重要的决策。）可知，文章主要讲述了研究表明，快速变化的气味可以让老鼠了解空间知识。故选D。
第二节 （共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw We Talk abut Fear Matters
Lately, there seems t be plenty t fear in the wrld. Hw we talk abut what we fear might ffer clues t hw we perceive that emtin scially and culturally.
Get the rt f fear.
_____16_____. In Angl Saxn times, “fear” primarily referred t sudden danger. The rt f the wrd dates back t “pēr” frm Ind-Eurpean abut 6,000 years ag. This rt suggests that fear develped frm a sudden (frightening) experience yu passed thrugh.
Figure ut the emtinal meaning f fear.
Whether emtins are viewed psitively r negatively varies frm culture t culture._____17_____ . Fr instance, in English, the wrd “anxius” can be used t mean “wrried” r “eager”. But the wrd meaning “anxius” just means “regret” in Dargwa. Therefre, many English speakers may nt view anxiety as negatively as Dargwa speakers.
Find ut a fearful pattern.
In lking at such patterns acrss the majr language families, researchers fund that the wrd “fear” was ften assciated with anxiety, envy and grief in Ind-Eurpean languages. But in Austrnesian languages, “fear” mre ften was assciated with surprise. _____18_____ .
_____19_____
Hw we talk abut fear changes hw we react t it. When we talk abut what frightens us, it may be useful t disrupt assciated meanings. In additin, hw ur language categrizes an emtin seems t impact whether we perceive thse emtins negatively r psitively.
In cnclusin, fear is smething that can be changed by cultural and linguistic experience._____20_____ . Perhaps Rsevelt was right when he in famusly said “The nly thing we have t fear is fear itself.”
A. Talk mre abut fears
B. Change ur perceptin f fear
C. The wrd fear has a lng histry in English
D. There seemed a fearful pattern acrss the majr language families
E. This is based n what peple have learned t assciate with emtin wrds
F. It pens the dr t ptential ways t change hw we talk abut and react t it
G. This makes speakers f the latter languages assciate this emtin with a less negative sense
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. G 19. B 20. F
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们应该如何去谈论恐惧。
【16题详解】
下文“In Angl Saxn times, “fear” primarily referred t sudden danger. The rt f the wrd dates back t “pēr” frm Ind-Eurpean abut 6,000 years ag.(在盎格鲁-撒克逊时代，“恐惧”主要指突然发生的危险。这个词的词根可以追溯到大约6000年前印欧语的“pēr”)”介绍了“恐惧”一词可追溯到约6000年前，是对C项“The wrd fear has a lng histry in English(“恐惧”这个词在英语中有很长的历史)”内容的具体说明，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
【17题详解】
上文“Whether emtins are viewed psitively r negatively varies frm culture t culture.(对情绪的看法是积极的还是消极的，因文化而异)”指出恐惧的情绪含义因文化而异，下文“Fr instance, in English, the wrd “anxius” can be used t mean “wrried” r “eager”. But the wrd meaning “anxius” just means “regret” in Dargwa. Therefre, many English speakers may nt view anxiety as negatively as Dargwa speakers.(例如，在英语中，单词“anxius”可以用来表示“担心的”或“急切的”。但是“anxius”这个词在达格瓦语中只是“后悔”的意思。因此，许多说英语的人可能不会像说达瓜语的人那样消极地看待“anxiety”)”用举例的方法说明了一个词汇的情绪含义是积极或消极因文化而异，与人们所习得的情绪相关，是对上文和E项“This is based n what peple have learned t assciate with emtin wrds(这是基于人们已经学到的与情感词汇相关的情绪)”内容的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【18题详解】
上文“In lking at such patterns acrss the majr language families, researchers fund that the wrd “fear” was ften assciated with anxiety, envy and grief in Ind-Eurpean languages. But in Austrnesian languages, “fear” mre ften was assciated with surprise.(在研究主要语系的这种模式时，研究人员发现，在印欧语系中，“恐惧”这个词经常与焦虑、嫉妒和悲伤联系在一起。但在南岛语中，“恐惧”更多的是与惊讶联系在一起)”指出，在印欧语系中“恐惧”这个词经常与焦虑、嫉妒和悲伤联系在一起，而在南岛语中，“恐惧”更多的是与惊讶联系在一起，由此可知，对使用南岛语的人来说，“恐惧”一词不会带来太多的消极情绪。G项“This makes speakers f the latter languages assciate this emtin with a less negative sense(这使得说后一种语言的人不太会将“恐惧”与消极的感觉联系在一起)”承接上文，表达了同样的意思，句中“the latter”照应上文“in Austrnesian languages”。故选G项。
【19题详解】
设空句是段首主题句，根据下文“Hw we talk abut fear changes hw we react t it. When we talk abut what frightens us, it may be useful t disrupt assciated meanings. In additin, hw ur language categrizes an emtin seems t impact whether we perceive thse emtins negatively r psitively.(我们谈论恐惧的方式会改变我们对恐惧的反应。当我们谈论让我们害怕的事情时，打破相关的含义可能是有用的。此外，我们的语言如何对情绪进行分类似乎会影响我们对这些情绪的看法是消极的还是积极的)”可知，本段说明我们对恐惧认知会影响我们对恐惧的反应，建议打破其相关含义，改变对恐惧的看法，故“Change ur perceptin f fear(改变我们对恐惧的看法)”是本段内容最佳概括。故选B项。
【20题详解】
上文“In cnclusin, fear is smething that can be changed by cultural and linguistic experience.(总之，恐惧是可以被文化和语言经验改变的)”总结全文，得出结论：恐惧是可以被文化和语言经验改变的，F项“It pens the dr t ptential ways t change hw we talk abut and react t it (它打开了一扇门，让我们有可能改变我们谈论和应对它的方式)”承接上文，说明这一认知的作用：让我们可能改变我们谈论和应对恐惧的方式，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共三小节）
第一节 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
Last summer, ur grup f 16 American students reached the elephant cnservatin camp deep in the jungles f Thailand. We were t give ur ___21___ t elephants’ lifelng trainers called mahuts (象夫). By helping them, we’d take ut sme jbs frm their ___22___ schedule.
On my first day ___23___ with my elephant Ym, I was asked t wear a strange-lking suit by her mahut. I was als instructed nt t ___24___ it in any case s that my persnal ___25___ wuld enter the suit and stay strng.
It was remarkable hw ___26___ Ym was. After a cuple f days, Ym flapped (拍) her ears in ___27___ every time she smelled me cming. She reached ut her lng trunk and gently ___28___ me frm the grund. Her flagging ears acted as a(an) ___29___ always hlding my legs against her neck t make sure I didn’t fall ff.
Every mrning I rde Ym t a lake t give her a bath and then t the ___30___ where Ym had her fill f leaves. Next I rde her t her daily activities. In an bstacle (障碍) curse, I led her thrugh ples and ___31___ her t bw her head and walk backwards. Ym was exceptinally ___32___! She had had ver 48 years f training at the camp! Ym perfrmed these ___33___ in shws fr turists t raise mney fr her wn upkeep.
Time flew by! We had t ___34___. Ym sensed it. She pressed her head against mine, tears welling up. Hw I ___35___ seeing her again!
21. A. service B. cmpany C. estimatin D. guidance
22. A. appealing B. reasnable C. tight D. predictable
23. A. playing B. cmpeting C. betting D. wrking
24. A. mark B. wash C. unfld D. mentin
25. A. curage B. smell C. temperature D. virtue
26. A. smart B. picky C. generus D. ppular
27. A. srrw B. curisity C. excitement D. sympathy
28. A. distanced B. prtected C. drpped D. remved
29. A. umbrella B. barrier C. fan D. seatbelt
30. A. playing fieldsB. sleeping placeC. feeding grundsD. shting site
31. A. directed B. frced C. persuaded D. allwed
32. A. unfrtunate B. amazing C. impatient D. cheerful
33. A. tricks B. functins C. rles D. prmises
34. A. relieve B. suffer C. part D. weep
35. A. take pride in B. lk frward tC. hesitate abutD. thrw in
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B
【语篇解读】本文体裁为记叙文。文章叙述了作者作为一名美国学生，与其他学生一同前往泰国丛林深处的大象保护营，与大象及其训练师——象夫一起工作的经历。文中详细描述了作者与大象Ym之间的互动和情感联系，以及在保护营中的日常生活。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们要向大象的终身训练师——象夫提供我们的服务。A. service服务；B. cmpany陪伴；C. estimatin估计；D. guidance指导。根据下文“t elephants’ lifelng trainers called mahuts (象夫). By helping them, we’d take ut sme jbs frm their_______ schedule.”可知，作者到大象保护营地为象夫提供服务。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过帮助他们，我们将从他们紧张的工作日程中承担一些任务。A. appealing吸引人的；B. reasnable合理的；C. tight紧张的；D. predictable可预测的。根据上文“By helping them, we’d take ut sme jbs frm their”可知，作者去帮忙，是从象夫紧张的日程中抽出一些工作（帮他们分担一部分工作）。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我和我的大象Ym一起工作的第一天，我被她的驯象人要求穿一套看起来很奇怪的衣服。A. playing玩耍；B. cmpeting竞争；C. betting打赌；D. wrking工作。根据上文“By helping them, we’d take ut sme jbs frm their _______ schedule.”和下文“with my elephant Ym”可知，作者去帮忙，是从象夫紧张的日程中抽出一些工作（帮他们分担一部分工作），作者是在描述自己第一天与大象一起工作的经历。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还被告知无论如何都不要洗，这样我的个人气味就会进入衣服并保持强烈。A. mark标记；B. wash清洗；C. unfld展开；D. mentin提到。根据下文“it in any case s that my persnal_______ wuld enter the suit and stay strng.”可知，象夫告知作者这套衣服不要清洗，以便衣服上有个人气味。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还被告知无论如何都不要洗，这样我的个人气味就会进入衣服并保持强烈。A. curage勇气；B. smell气味；C. temperature温度；D. virtue美德。根据上文“I was als instructed nt t_______ it in any case s that my persnal”和下文“wuld enter the suit and stay strng”可知，象夫告知作者这套衣服不要清洗，是为了保持人的气味，这样个人气味就会进入衣服并保持强烈。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ym是多么聪明啊。A. smart聪明的；B. picky挑剔的；C. generus大方的；D. ppular受欢迎的。根据下文“After a cuple f days, Ym flapped (拍) her ears in _______ every time she smelled me cming.”可知，下文描述的Ym的行为，可以看出Ym是非常聪明的。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天后，每当闻到我靠近的气息，Ym都会兴奋地拍打耳朵。A. srrw悲伤；B. curisity好奇；C. excitement兴奋；D. sympathy同情。根据下文“every time she smelled me cming.”可知，Ym闻到作者的气味就很兴奋。这里描述的是Ym对作者接近的正面反应。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她伸出长长的鼻子轻轻地把我从地上拉起来。A. distanced使疏远；B. prtected保护；C. drpped掉落；D. remved移动。根据下文“me frm the grund”可知，这里描述的是Ym用鼻子把作者从地上拉起来的动作。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她下垂的耳朵就像安全带一样，总是把我的腿绑在她的脖子上，确保我不会掉下来。A. umbrella雨伞；B. barrier障碍；C. fan风扇；D. seatbelt安全带。根据下文“always hlding my legs against her neck t make sure I didn’t fall ff.”可知，这里比喻的是Ym的耳朵像安全带一样保护作者。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。句意：每天早上，我骑着Ym去湖边给她洗澡，然后去觅食地，Ym在那里吃饱了叶子。A. playing fields运动场；B. sleeping place睡觉的地方；C. feeding grunds喂食区；D. shting site射击场地。根据下文“where Ym had her fill f leaves”可知，这里是大象进食的地方。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在障碍课程中，我引导她穿过杆子，让她低头并向后走。A. directed指引，引导；B. frced强迫；C. persuaded说服；D. allwed允许。根据下文“her t bw her head and walk backwards”可知，这里是指作者引导Ym完成特定动作。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ym真是令人惊叹！A. unfrtunate不幸的；B. amazing令人惊叹的；C. impatient没有耐心的；D. cheerful愉快的。根据下文“In an bstacle (障碍) curse, I led her thrugh ples and _______ her t bw her head and walk backwards. Ym was exceptinally”和下文“She had had ver 48 years f training at the camp! Ym perfrmed these _______in shws fr turists t raise mney fr her wn upkeep.”可知，这里是对Ym表现的正面评价，Ym令人惊叹。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ym在表演中为游客展示这些技巧，以此为自己的生活费用筹集资金。A. tricks技巧；B. functins功能；C. rles角色；D. prmises承诺。根据上文“In an bstacle (障碍) curse, I led her thrugh ples and _______her t bw her head and walk backwards.”可知，这里是指Ym表演的平日训练的具体动作或技巧。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不得不分别。A. relieve缓解；B. suffer遭受；C. part分开；D. weep哭泣。根据上文“Time flew by!”和下文“Ym sensed it. She pressed her head against mine, tears welling up.”可知，这里是指作者与Ym分开的时间到了。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我是多么期待再次见到她！A. take pride in自豪于；B. lk frward t期待；C. hesitate abut犹豫；D. thrw in放弃。根据下文“seeing her again”可知，这里表达了作者对未来再次见到她的期盼。故选B。
第二节 （共10 小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rujiam is ne f the mst ppular Chinese snacks. Despite its ___36___(cmpare) t a hamburger, it carries far mre gegraphical and histrical meaning.
Rujiam is clsely assciated ___37___ the nrth- central city f Xi’an, in Shaanxi prvince. Since 202 BCE, Xi’an has been bth the eastern terminal f the Silk Rad and the capital fr 13 mre- r- less successive Chinese ___38___(dynasty).
Traditinally, rujiam mainly is made up f tw parts — the flatbread and the filling. The meat preparatin used t make the filling fr rujiam ___39___ (date) back t the Warring States perid. The intrductin int China f Central Asian- style flatbreads, like the kind used in rujiam, in general, is wed t Ban Cha, ___40___ Chinese general wh spent ver 30 years ___41___ (battle) a unin f nmadic (游牧的) tribes t regain cntrl f the farthest western reaches f China. The flatbread bun, called baijim, takes its name frm ___42___ is tday knwn as Beiji twnship. There exist differences between the flatbreads used fr different districts in Shaanxi. Fr example, the flatbread used fr Tngguan rujiam is unlike that used in the Xi’ an style. Tngguan rujiam ___43___ (name) after a twn that, in days lng past, guarded a strategic pass ___44___ (rugh) 120km east f Xi’ an.
Despite its tasty flavr, it’s risky ___45___ (eat) n the g. Prper rujiam is filled t bursting, regardless f the ptential cnsequences fr ne’s clthes and dry- cleaning budget.
【答案】36. cmparisn 37. with 38. dynasties 39. dates 40. a
41. battling 42. what 43. was named 44. rughly 45. t eat
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的一种流行小吃——肉夹馍。该小吃与中国西安市紧密相关，并具有丰富的地理和历史背景。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管它被比作汉堡包，但它承载着更多的地理和历史意义。设空处使用cmpare的名词cmparisn作宾语，意为“比较”。故填cmparisn。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：肉夹馍与陕西省中北部城市西安有着密切的联系。be assciated with“与…联系”，为固定搭配。故填with。
【38题详解】
考查名词的复数形式。句意：自公元前202年以来，西安既是丝绸之路的东端，也是中国13个或多或少连续的朝代的首都。设空处使用名词作宾语，dynasty意为“朝代”为可数名词，根据空前的“13 mre-r-less successive”可知，此处使用该名词的复数形式。故填dynasties。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：用于制作肉夹馍馅料的肉类加工方法可以追溯到战国时期。空处为句子的谓语动词。本句话陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为“The meat preparatin”，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：一般来说，像肉夹馍这样的中亚风格的面饼传入中国要归功于班超，他花了30多年的时间与游牧部落联盟作战，重新控制了中国最遥远的西部地区。空处泛指“一个中国将军”，且空后为辅音音素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词a表示泛指。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查动名词。句意：一般来说，像肉夹馍这样的中亚风格的面饼传入中国要归功于班超，他花了30多年的时间与游牧部落联盟作战，重新控制了中国最遥远的西部地区。spend…(in) ding sth.“花费……做某事”，空处用动名词作宾语。故填battling。
【42题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：这种被称为“白吉馍”的馒头得名于今天的北集乡。设空处引导的是宾语从句作frm的宾语，从句中引导词作主语，表示“……的东西”，所以用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。
【43题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：潼关肉夹馍得名于一个小镇，在很久以前，它守卫着西安以东约120公里处的一个战略关口。空处为句子的谓语动词。be named after“以…命名”。根据“in days lng past”可知，句子为一般过去时态，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填was named。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：潼关肉夹馍得名于一个小镇，在很久以前，它守卫着西安以东约120公里处的一个战略关口。空处需要副词rughly“大概的”，在句中强调这不是一个精确的测量值。故填rughly。
【45题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：尽管味道鲜美，但在路上吃也是有风险的。本题考查固定句型“It is +adj.+t d sth.”，句中的it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语。故填t eat。
第三节 单句填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
根据提示填正确形式 （U1～U2 Grammar范围单词）。
46. The assciatin c______ f 55 native cyclists left a deep impressin n me. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】cnsisting##nsisting
【详解】考查动词。句意：由55名当地自行车手组成的协会给我留下了深刻的印象。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词cnsist，与assciatin构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填cnsisting。
47. The wman makes it p______ that she nly wants a beautiful dress. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】plain##lain
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个女人明确表示她只想要一件漂亮的裙子。根据首字母提示以及句意可知，空处需要形容词plain“清楚的”，构成短语make it plain that“明确表示……”。故填plain。
48. I bet that the cmpany has abandned plans fr further ______ (扩张). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】expansin
【详解】考查名词。句意：我打赌公司已经放弃了进一步扩张的计划。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要名词expansin“扩张”，在句中作介词的宾语。故填expansin。
49. There has been a slight increase in the ______ f cheese (消耗). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】cnsumptin
【详解】考查名词。句意：奶酪的消耗量略有增长。空处应用名词cnsumptin“消耗”，作介词in的宾语。故填cnsumptin。
50. Internet launches a new campaign which ______ (戏剧性) changes ur wrld and ur ld ways f life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】dramatically
【详解】考查副词。句意：互联网发起了一场新的活动，该活动戏剧性地改变了我们的世界和旧的生活方式。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用副词dramatically“戏剧性”，修饰动词changes，作状语。故填dramatically。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作 （满分15分）
51. 假如你是李华，在芜湖市举办的高中英语舞台剧大赛中，你所参赛的节目获得冠军，请你写一封邮件把这一消息分享给英国好友Steven，内容包括：
1．你的参赛经历；
2．你的感想和收获。
参考词汇：舞台剧stage play
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．题目已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Steven,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Steven,
I hpe this email finds yu well. I’m thrilled t share sme exciting news with yu — I participated in the high schl English stage play cmpetitin held in Wuhu and ur perfrmance wn the champinship!
Preparing fr the play was a challenging yet rewarding experience. We devted cuntless hurs t rehearsals, which hned ur acting skills and deepened ur understanding f teamwrk. Winning the cmpetitin was a great hnr, and it taught me the value f perseverance and creativity. I can’t wait t tell yu mre abut it when we meet.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After seeing a prgram n televisin abut a reprter wh had hitchhiked (搭顺风车)acrss America, my ten-year-ld daughter, Ashley said, “I wish I culd d that!” Ashley was diagnsed with cancer three years earlier. Althugh she is cancer-free nw after a surgery, numerus tests and the scary prcedure f treatments had made her unwilling t risk utside her knwn wrld. S I wanted t encurage that spirit f adventure in her.
I began trying t think f a way fr her t “hitchhike” acrss the cuntry withut leaving hme. That’s hw Carmen was brn. Carmen is a teddy bear Ashley had received while she was in the hspital. We decided t send Carmen in Ashley’s place. S we purchased a ntebk as a travel jurnal and a bag fr Carmen t travel in, tgether with a letter written by Ashley:
My name is Ashley and I am ten years ld. This is my bear, Carmen. I gt her when I was in the hspital. She wants t g t all fifty states just like the reprter guy n TV wh hitchhiked acrss America. But she can’t walk, s will yu please help her? Culd yu let her ride with yu and keep her safe, as well as tell her abut yurself s she wn’t be lnely?
Please write a little abut yurself in the jurnal and then intrduce her t smene new. She wants t meet as many new peple as she can. I think by abut September she will be ready t cme hme. In her cin purse is $5. 00. Please put her in a bx with her jurnal and send her t Sac City State Bank. Attentin: Caretaker f Carmen Bear. If yu wuld like t hear frm Carmen after she gets hme, please leave yur address in her ntebk and we will send yu a nte and let yu knw when she gets hme safely.
Thank yu fr taking care f Carmen, and thank yu fr taking the time t write in her ntebk.
Yur new friends,
Carmen and Ashley
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We then tk Carmen t ur family friend Phil, a highway patrl fficer(巡警).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then ne day in September the lng-expected package with Carmen inside finally arrived.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
We then tk Carmen t ur family friend Phil, a highway patrl fficer. He ffered t launch Carmen n her jurney by taking her n his rute fr a day. That afternn, when he stpped a driver wh was nt using a seatbelt, he urged her t wear the belt. He then intrduced Carmen and asked the driver if she wuld like t take Carmen n the next part f her jurney. Naturally, she agreed. That kicked ff Carmen’s USA tur. Meanwhile, fr Ashley, the fllwing summer was a mix f anxiety and anticipatin, as she checked daily fr her package, nly t be tld “Nt tday,” each time.
Then ne day in September, the lng-expected package with Carmen finally arrived. Eagerly, we pened the bx t explre the traces f Carmen’s adventures. There were pstcards frm the Grand Canyn, a shell frm a Flrida beach, and a tiny replica f the Statue f Liberty. Fr us, each suvenir was a snapsht f the kindness and genersity Ashley had encuntered thrugh Carmen. The ntes in the jurnal painted a vivid picture f the peple wh had taken Carmen int their hearts. It was a heartwarming gift that ur family treasured, inspiring us as Ashley bravely faced her path t health.