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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions当堂达标检测题
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions当堂达标检测题，共14页。
【教材原句】
Cnfucius said that learning withut understanding leads t cnfusin. (教材P38)
【辨析】
两者都有“导致，引起”的意思，在这种意思前提下，一般可以互换，但是在其它意思上有一定区别。
lead t …. 意思是“导致，引起；通向”，导致的后果可好可坏也可以是中性的，t 是介词，后面一般接名词。
温馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①lead sb./sth. t d sth. 引起某人/某物做某事
= 2 \* GB3 ②lead sb./sth. t/int + 地点 把某人/某物领到某地/进入某地
cause 意思是“导致，引起”，一般导致的是坏的结果。也可以构成词组cause sb./sth. t d sth. 意思是“引起/导致某人或某物做某事”。
温馨提示：指坏的结果时，两者可以互换；做“通向” 讲时，不可互换。
【例句呈现】
He has warned that the serius rifts within the cuntry culd lead t civil war.
他已经发出了警告，国家内部严重的不和可能会引发内战。
Straining t lift heavy weights can lead t a rise in bld pressure.
用力提重物会导致血压升高。
He agreed that these plicies will lead t gridlck in the future.
他认为这些政策将来会导致僵局。
Tampering with a single enzyme can lead t untward effects elsewhere.
破坏一种酶可能会导致在别处出现异常。
There are recgnized black spts in marriages which can lead t truble
婚姻中有一些公认的容易引发问题的雷区。
S head nrthwest until yu find a river which shuld lead t the cast.
一直向西北方向走，直到你发现一条小河，这条小河通向海岸。
Repairs and imprvements can lead t higher rental rates.
修缮后可以提高租价。
Fire has caused severe damage t the cntents f the building.
大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。
A cmbinatin f internal and external factrs caused the cmpany t clse dwn.
内外因结合导致了公司的倒闭。
The drug may cause an aggravatin f the cnditin.
这种药可能导致病情恶化。
The disease can cause sterility in men and wmen.
这种疾病可能导致男女不育。
Heavy snw has caused ttal chas n the rads.
大雪导致道路上交通一片混乱。
Anxiety can be caused by lack f sleep.
睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。
Researchers are still trying t islate the gene that causes this abnrmality.
研究人员仍然在试图分离导致这种畸形的基因。
【考点过关】
根据lead t和cause的用法, 用其适当形式填空
1. A faulty cnnectin _______ the machine t stp that day.
2. If yu string these experiences tgether, yu can find a new life rad will ______ yur future.
3. The pr harvest ________ prices t rise sharply during thse days.
4. He still believed that hnesty and industry wuld ______ success.
5. Vitamin deficiency in the diet can ________ illness.
6. Excuse me, des this rad _______ the railway statin?
7. Heavy seas can _______ cancellatin f ferry services.
8. There were fears that privatizatin wuld _______ jb lsses.
9. Defeat culd _______ ne side t escalate the cnflict.
10. Abuse can _______ bth psychlgical and emtinal prblems.
11. Strng cffee r tea late at night may _______ sleeplessness
12. A pr diet will ultimately ________ illness.
13. Generally, a lack f magnesium _______ muscles t g int spasm.
14. Excessive drinking can ________ stmach disrders.
15. In its present frm, the law culd _______ new injustices.
【参考答案】
1. caused; 2. lead t; 3. caused; 4. lead t; 5. lead t/cause; 6. lead t; 7. lead t/cause; 8. cause/lead t; 9. cause; 10. cause/lead t; 11. lead t/cause; 12. cause/lead t; 13. causes; 14. cause/lead t; 15. cause/lead t
●infrmatin; message
【教材原句】
We can get the mst updated infrmatin frm large databases. (教材P28)
【辨析】
两者都有“信息”的意思，但又有一定的区别。
infrmatin意思是“信息、消息、情报、资料、资讯，通知”， 是不可数名词，没有复数形式，前面不能直接加不定冠词“an”；“一条信息”的表达为：a piece f infrmatin/an item f infrmatin/an article f infrmatin或者sme infrmatin。“许多信息”是many pieces f infrmatin，还有：a surce f infrmatin消息来源；
cllect/gather/btain/receive infrmatin 收集/搜集/获取/接收信息；prvide/give/pass n infrmatin 提供 / 给予 / 传递信息.
也可作“知识”解, 其后常接介词n/abut/cncerning等。
message意思是“（书面或口头的）信息、留言，消息、电邮（或手机）信息、（书籍、演讲的）要点”， 为可数名词，也可以做及物动词，表示 “向（某人）传送（电子信息）”的意思。
【例句呈现】
Further infrmatin is available frm the lcal turist ffice.
进一步详情可向当地的旅游办事处查询。
The cnference is a gd place t share infrmatin and exchange ideas.
研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。
The infrmatin is prcessed in a randm rder.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
They questined the accuracy f the infrmatin in the file.
他们怀疑档案中信息的正确性。
It's a lt f infrmatin t absrb all at nce.
要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。
The message is cming thrugh lud and clear.
消息传达得清楚明白。
A message is just cming thrugh.
刚有消息传来。
Wuld it be pssible fr me t leave a message fr her?
我可以给她留个话儿吗？
What srt f message is that sending t yung peple?
这给年轻人传达的是什么样的信息呢？
Peple wh message smene a lt feel unppular if they dn't get many back.
如果人们发出大量短信但收到的回复却不多，就会觉得自己不受欢迎。
【考点过关】
根据infrmatin和message的用法填空
1. Pat refused t give her any ________ abut Sarah.
2. I gt a _______ yu were trying t reach me.
3. He refused t cmment befre all the relevant ________ was seen.
4. There were n ________ fr me at the htel.
5. S far further ________ has nt been prvided.
6. We've had an urgent ________ saying that yur father's ill.
7. Several peple came frward with much _________.
8. There were fur ________ in my inbx.
9. In rder t get a cmplete picture, further _______ is needed.
10. Last night Jack _______ me t tell that he had caught a bad cld.
【参考答案】
1. infrmatin; 2. message; 3. infrmatin; 4. messages; 5. infrmatin; 6. message; 7. infrmatin; 8. messages; 9. infrmatin; 10. messaged
●puzzle; cnfuse
【教材原句】
The United Kingdm, Great Britain, Britain, England—many peple are cnfused by what these different names mean. (教材P40)
S what is the difference between them, if any? Getting t knw a little bit abut British histry will help yu slve this puzzle. (教材P40)
【辨析】
两者都有“困惑”的意思，此时可以换用，但其它方面有一定的区别。
cnfuse 表示“因为把两个或多个事物或问题混淆而使头脑糊涂混乱”, 强调混淆不清，往往暂时的情况, 造成没法清楚地思维或理智地行动。一般作及物动词, 后接名词或代词作宾语; 也可与介词with连用, 表示“把…与…弄混”。
puzzle表示“行为情况、问题或某种现象错宗复杂,使人感到困惑伤脑筋”，因而不知道该怎么解决。一般作及物动词，也可以作名词，表示“难题，字谜，疑虑，谜团”等。
【例句呈现】
Dn't cnfuse liberty with license.
不要把自由与放纵混为一谈。
They asked me s many questins that they cnfused me.
他们问了我那么多的问题都把我搞迷糊了.
I ften cnfuse yu and yur brther.
我常把你和你哥哥弄错了。
Peple are apt t cnfuse the tw issues.
人们容易把这两个问题混淆起来。
If we cnfuse these three levels, we will nt think clearly.
如果我们混淆了这三个等级，我们便不会清晰地思考。
My wrds surprised and cnfused/puzzled him.
我的话使他惊讶且迷惑。
What yu said just nw cnfused/puzzled me.
你刚才说的话使我很困惑。
The find left archaelgists with a puzzle.
这个发现给考古学家留下了一个谜团。
Will yu help me t slve this puzzle?
你能帮助我解决这个难题吗?
He sat frwning ver a crsswrd puzzle.
他坐着皱着眉头在思考纵横字谜。
She culd nt get the puzzle ut f her mind.
她无法解开心中的疑虑。
His questin puzzled me.
他的问题使我迷惑不解。
What he did puzzled me greatly.
他的作为使我深感迷惑不解。
【考点过关】
根据cnfuse, puzzle 意义及用法填空
1. I always cnfuse my left with my right.
2. Her decisin was a _______ t him.
3. Dn't cnfuse Austria with Australia.
4. I have in mind sme dubts which really ________ me.
5. I've never been able t _______ her ut.
6. Many business executives cnfuse leadership _______ actin.
7. The risks can be s cmplex that banks hire mathematicians t _______ them ut.
8. D nt cnfuse ever the tangential acceleratin, which is alng the circumference, ________ centripetal acceleratin.
9. He is in a ________ abut the matter.
10. She was cmpletely _______ (cnfuse) by these tw questins.
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. puzzle; 3. with; 4. puzzle; 5. puzzle; 6. with; 7. puzzle; 8. with; 9. puzzle; 10.cnfused.
●include; cntain
【教材原句】
Sme f their great achievements included building twns and rads. (教材P40)
Has the writer included sensry details? (教材P45)
【辨析】
两者都有“包含”的意思，但有一定区别。
include 表示“包括，包含，包括….在内”，强调被包括者是整体的一部分。include后面接名词，代词或动名词；被包括部分放在include 后面时，include 用-ing形式，放在前面时，include 用-ed形式
cntain 表示“包含，含有，装有，容纳”，强调“内含（….成分），装有（….东西）”。
【例句呈现】
Yur duties will include setting up a new cmputer system.
你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统.
I've gt three days' hliday including New Year's Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
The mvie wn nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
Htel accmmdatin is included in the price f yur hliday.
你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。
Six peple were killed in the rit, including a pliceman.
暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。
We all went, me included.
我们都去了，连我在内。
The cmmittee includes representatives frm industry.
这个委员会包括产业界的代表。
Lcal activities include walking, bating and glf.
当地的活动包括散步、划船以及打高尔夫球。
The bx cntains ld phtgraphs and suvenirs.
那盒子里放有旧照片和纪念品。
It cntains a pwerful drug which affects msquites.
它含有一种可以防止蚊虫叮咬的强效药物。
The bttle cntains tw glasses f beer.
这瓶子可装两杯啤酒。
The pill cntains vitamins.
这药丸中含有多种维生素。
【考点过关】
根据include, cntain 的用法用其适当形式填空
1. It was fund that her bld _______ pisn.
2. The city has dzens f factries, _______ a pwer plant and a steelwrks.
3. This drink desn't ________ any alchl.
4. Six students were playing table tennis, tw girls ________.
5. Their diet ________ a lt f fat at present.
6. I ________ apples n the list f things t buy tday.
7. Hw much water des this bttle ________?
8. We all knw that this bk _________ ten shrt stries.
9. Sea water _________ plenty f salt.
10. My uncle has a lt f duties, _________ taking care f these children.
【参考答案】
1. cntained; 2. including; 3. cntain; 4. included; 5. cntains; 6. include; 7. cntain; 8. includes; 9. cntains; 10. including
●cnquer; vercme
【教材原句】
They cnquered England after the well-knwn Battle f Hastings in the 11th century. (教材P41)
【辨析】
两者都有“战胜”的意思，但其含义有一定区别。
cnquer 意思是“征服，占领，攻占，克服”，宾语常常是国家、民族，自然界的客观事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。
vercme 意思是“克服，解决，战胜”，宾语常常是困难、问题、障碍等。
温馨提示：两者都可指战胜对手，消除或克服差异，克服或战胜心理方面的问题，如，恐惧，悲伤，焦虑等，这时两者可换用。
【例句呈现】
She vercame/cnquered her natural diffidence and spke with great frankness.
她克服了胆怯的毛病，非常坦率地说出了自己的想法。
The tw parties managed t vercme/cnquer their differences n the issue.
两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
She vercame/cnquered injury t win the Olympic gld medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
She was trying t vercme/cnquer her physical repugnance fr him.
她努力克制对他非常强烈的反感。
In the final game Sweden easily vercame/cnquered France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
S far, we have managed t vercme all the bstacles that have been placed in ur path.
至此，我们已设法排除了设置在道路上的一切障碍。
Find a way t vercme yur difficulties.
找出办法战胜困难。
I then realized hw pssible it was t vercme/cnquer yur limitatins.
那时我才意识到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。
Western fficials say the prblem is minr, and shuld be quickly vercme.
西方官员称这个问题并不严重，应该很快就会解决。
I wuld vercme/cnquered any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
The Nrmans cnquered England in 1066.
诺尔曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
Mnt Blanc was cnquered in 1786.
勃朗峰于1786年被征服。
【考点过关】
根据vercme和cnquer用法，用其适当形式填空。
1. The wrld champin ______ yet anther challenger last night.
2. The night befre the test I _______ by fear and despair
3. I ________ my mral scruples at last.
4. They had t _______ frmidable bstacles.
5. During 1936, Musslini _______ Abyssinia
6. Human beings are learning t ______ all kinds f natural disasters.
7. The Spanish _______ the New Wrld in the sixteenth century.
8. S far, we ________ the enemy.
9. When will scientists ________ the stars?
10. The lng-cherished dream f _________ the Huanghe River will becme a reality.
11. Man will ________ nature.
12. Smething gave me the strength __________ the difficulty
13. T succeed, yu must learn ________ bstacles.
14. Early in the eleventh century the whle f England _______ again by the Vikings.
15. In the wake f develpments in science and technlgy, man has becme mre capable f _______ nature.
16. There is always ne thing ________ anther.
【参考答案】
1. cnquered/vercame; 2. was vercme/cnquered; 3. vercame/cnquered; 4. vercme; 5. cnquered; 6. cnquer; 7. cnquered; 8. have cnquered; 9. cnquer; 10. cnquering; 11. cnquer; 12. t vercme; 13. t vercme; 14. was cnquered; 15. cnquering; 16. t cnquer/vercme
●amunt; quantity
【教材原句】
We fund urselves very surprised by the large number f visitrs and the amunt f nise at the entrance f the Natinal Gallery. (教材P42)
【辨析】
两者都可以表示数量，但用法有区别。
amunt 意思是“数量；数额；总数”，做动词是“达到，相当，等同”的意思， 常构成以下短语：
= 1 \* GB3 ①a huge/large amunt f…./large amunts f….大量，许多，后面一般接不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词根据amunt来确定，如果amunt 是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果amunt是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
= 2 \* GB3 ②amunt t….达到；合计为；相当于，等于
quantity 意思是“数量； 大量”，常构成以下短语：
= 1 \* GB3 ①a large quantity f…./large quantities f ……大量，后面既可以跟可数名词，也可以跟不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词根据quantity 的单复数来确定，如果quantity 是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果quantity是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
= 2 \* GB3 ②in quantity = in large quantities 大量地
【例句呈现】
The plice fund a quantity f drugs at his hme.
警察在他家发现了大量毒品。
It is usually ecnmical t buy washing pwder in large quantities.
大量购买洗衣粉通常要省钱些。
A large quantity f drugs was seized during the raid.
在这次突击行动中起获了大量毒品。
A swp by custms fficers netted a large quantity f drugs.
海关人员突然袭击，缉获大量毒品。
The Custms have seized large quantities f smuggled herin.
海关查获了大量走私的海洛因。
It's just very time cnsuming t get such a large quantity f data.
获取如此大量的数据非常费时。
Mdern cmputers can rganize large amunts f data very quickly.
现代计算机能迅速处理大量的信息资料。
There is still an immense amunt f wrk t be dne.
还有非常非常多的工作没有做。
Smewhere alng the line a large amunt f mney went missing.
有一笔巨款在某一环节上不翼而飞。
Teachers have a limited amunt f time t interact with each child.
教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。
The tank had leaked a small amunt f water.
水箱渗漏出少量的水。
The ttal cllectin last week amunted t £ 250.
上周的募捐总额达250英镑。
【考点过关】
根据quantity和amunt的用法填空。
1. A large quantity f air cnditins ________ (sell) since the summer came.
2. It's a pity that large quantities f wd ______ (waste) that way all ver the wrld.
3. There _______ (be) a large quantity f rain in this area.
4. When yu are travelling, dn’t display large _______ f cash t thers.
5. A large quantity f crps _________ (destry) by the hurricane last week.
6. Large quantities f milk _______ (send) t the children in pr area the day befre yesterday.
7. Large amunts f mney _______ (spent) n building the bridge last year.
8. They buy cttn _______ quantity.
9. There _______ (be) nly a small amunt f fd.
10. The villagers planted different kinds f trees _______ large quantities n the hill last year.
11. My incme fr that week amunted ________ &112.
12. As a result f destrying the frests, a large quantity f desert _______ (cver) the land s far.
13. Keeping what belngs t anther ______ (amunt) t stealing.
14. With many frests being destryed, huge quantities f gd earth ______ (wash) away each year.
15. Huge quantities f il ________ (ship) t Japan last year.
【参考答案】
1. have been sld 2. have been wasted; 3. is; 4. amunts/quantities; 5. was destryed; 6. were sent; 7. were spent; 8. in; 9. is; 10. in; 11. t; 12. has cvered; 13. amunts; 14. are being washed; 15. were shipped
●seat；sit
【教材原句】
Dave culd nt find a seat in the rm. (教材P46)
Lndn sits upn the River Thames in the sutheast f England. (教材P48)
【辨析】
两者都有“坐”的意思，但用法有区别。
seat除了作名词表示“座位”外，也可以做及物动词，意思是“使…坐下；使（多少）人坐得下”。主语可以是人，也可以是地点。
sit意思是“坐”，一般做不及物动词，sit arund的意思是“闲坐着”
【例句呈现】
The ld man seated himself reading a newspaper at a desk.
这位老人坐在桌旁看报纸。
Cme in and please be seated．
请坐进来坐吧。
Our schl auditrium seats ne thusand pupils.
我们学校的礼堂可容纳一千个学生。
His students are seated at their desks ding their hmewrk nw.
现在，学生们坐在桌旁写作业。
She was seated at the head f the table.
她坐在桌子的上座。
The aircraft seats 200 passengers.
这架飞机能坐200名乘客。
He is sitting n the grass f ur garden.
他坐正花园的草地上。
I culd sit and watch the river all day lng.
我可以整天坐在这里看那条河。
I dn't get much exercise sitting in the ffice all day.
我整天坐在办公室很少运动。
He sat taking ntes f everything that was said.
他坐在那儿记下了所说的每一件事。
Six peple, and mre at a pinch, culd be seated cmfrtably at the table.
这张桌子可以很舒服地坐6个人，而且必要时多坐几个也不会挤。
He was cmfrtably seated in a sft reclining chair.
他舒舒服服地坐在柔软的躺椅上。
They were seated at a table utside a pub in a pleasant piazza clse by St Paul's
在圣保罗教堂旁一个怡人的广场上，他们坐在一家酒馆外的桌边。
【考点过关】
根据seat和sit的用法填空
1. Our _______ (supply) were running ut.
2. Teachers prvide a mdel ______ children t imitate.
3. The charity aims ________ (prvide) assistance t peple in need.
4. The cars will _______ (supply) t peple all ver the cuntry.
5. Cws supply us _______ milk.
6. In Britain milk is supplied ______ each huse in bttles.
7. We _______ (ffer, prvide) custmers a free hme delivery service.
8. The statistics ffer further supprt _______ ur thery.
9. We _______ (ffer , supply, prvide) a persnal service t all ur custmers.
10. His cmpany ffers a flexible packaging service _______ the fd industry.
【参考答案】
1. t sit; 2. seat; 3. sitting; 4. seats; 5. seated; 6. t sit; 7. seated; 8. seated; 9. sitting; 10. was seated; 11. was seated; 12. seated; 13. Seated
【教材原句】
Cnfucius said that learning withut understanding leads t cnfusin. (教材P38)
【辨析】
两者都有“导致，引起”的意思，在这种意思前提下，一般可以互换，但是在其它意思上有一定区别。
lead t …. 意思是“导致，引起；通向”，导致的后果可好可坏也可以是中性的，t 是介词，后面一般接名词。
温馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①lead sb./sth. t d sth. 引起某人/某物做某事
= 2 \* GB3 ②lead sb./sth. t/int + 地点 把某人/某物领到某地/进入某地
cause 意思是“导致，引起”，一般导致的是坏的结果。也可以构成词组cause sb./sth. t d sth. 意思是“引起/导致某人或某物做某事”。
温馨提示：指坏的结果时，两者可以互换；做“通向” 讲时，不可互换。
【例句呈现】
He has warned that the serius rifts within the cuntry culd lead t civil war.
他已经发出了警告，国家内部严重的不和可能会引发内战。
Straining t lift heavy weights can lead t a rise in bld pressure.
用力提重物会导致血压升高。
He agreed that these plicies will lead t gridlck in the future.
他认为这些政策将来会导致僵局。
Tampering with a single enzyme can lead t untward effects elsewhere.
破坏一种酶可能会导致在别处出现异常。
There are recgnized black spts in marriages which can lead t truble
婚姻中有一些公认的容易引发问题的雷区。
S head nrthwest until yu find a river which shuld lead t the cast.
一直向西北方向走，直到你发现一条小河，这条小河通向海岸。
Repairs and imprvements can lead t higher rental rates.
修缮后可以提高租价。
Fire has caused severe damage t the cntents f the building.
大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。
A cmbinatin f internal and external factrs caused the cmpany t clse dwn.
内外因结合导致了公司的倒闭。
The drug may cause an aggravatin f the cnditin.
这种药可能导致病情恶化。
The disease can cause sterility in men and wmen.
这种疾病可能导致男女不育。
Heavy snw has caused ttal chas n the rads.
大雪导致道路上交通一片混乱。
Anxiety can be caused by lack f sleep.
睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。
Researchers are still trying t islate the gene that causes this abnrmality.
研究人员仍然在试图分离导致这种畸形的基因。
【考点过关】
根据lead t和cause的用法, 用其适当形式填空
1. A faulty cnnectin _______ the machine t stp that day.
2. If yu string these experiences tgether, yu can find a new life rad will ______ yur future.
3. The pr harvest ________ prices t rise sharply during thse days.
4. He still believed that hnesty and industry wuld ______ success.
5. Vitamin deficiency in the diet can ________ illness.
6. Excuse me, des this rad _______ the railway statin?
7. Heavy seas can _______ cancellatin f ferry services.
8. There were fears that privatizatin wuld _______ jb lsses.
9. Defeat culd _______ ne side t escalate the cnflict.
10. Abuse can _______ bth psychlgical and emtinal prblems.
11. Strng cffee r tea late at night may _______ sleeplessness
12. A pr diet will ultimately ________ illness.
13. Generally, a lack f magnesium _______ muscles t g int spasm.
14. Excessive drinking can ________ stmach disrders.
15. In its present frm, the law culd _______ new injustices.
【参考答案】
1. caused; 2. lead t; 3. caused; 4. lead t; 5. lead t/cause; 6. lead t; 7. lead t/cause; 8. cause/lead t; 9. cause; 10. cause/lead t; 11. lead t/cause; 12. cause/lead t; 13. causes; 14. cause/lead t; 15. cause/lead t
●infrmatin; message
【教材原句】
We can get the mst updated infrmatin frm large databases. (教材P28)
【辨析】
两者都有“信息”的意思，但又有一定的区别。
infrmatin意思是“信息、消息、情报、资料、资讯，通知”， 是不可数名词，没有复数形式，前面不能直接加不定冠词“an”；“一条信息”的表达为：a piece f infrmatin/an item f infrmatin/an article f infrmatin或者sme infrmatin。“许多信息”是many pieces f infrmatin，还有：a surce f infrmatin消息来源；
cllect/gather/btain/receive infrmatin 收集/搜集/获取/接收信息；prvide/give/pass n infrmatin 提供 / 给予 / 传递信息.
也可作“知识”解, 其后常接介词n/abut/cncerning等。
message意思是“（书面或口头的）信息、留言，消息、电邮（或手机）信息、（书籍、演讲的）要点”， 为可数名词，也可以做及物动词，表示 “向（某人）传送（电子信息）”的意思。
【例句呈现】
Further infrmatin is available frm the lcal turist ffice.
进一步详情可向当地的旅游办事处查询。
The cnference is a gd place t share infrmatin and exchange ideas.
研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。
The infrmatin is prcessed in a randm rder.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
They questined the accuracy f the infrmatin in the file.
他们怀疑档案中信息的正确性。
It's a lt f infrmatin t absrb all at nce.
要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。
The message is cming thrugh lud and clear.
消息传达得清楚明白。
A message is just cming thrugh.
刚有消息传来。
Wuld it be pssible fr me t leave a message fr her?
我可以给她留个话儿吗？
What srt f message is that sending t yung peple?
这给年轻人传达的是什么样的信息呢？
Peple wh message smene a lt feel unppular if they dn't get many back.
如果人们发出大量短信但收到的回复却不多，就会觉得自己不受欢迎。
【考点过关】
根据infrmatin和message的用法填空
1. Pat refused t give her any ________ abut Sarah.
2. I gt a _______ yu were trying t reach me.
3. He refused t cmment befre all the relevant ________ was seen.
4. There were n ________ fr me at the htel.
5. S far further ________ has nt been prvided.
6. We've had an urgent ________ saying that yur father's ill.
7. Several peple came frward with much _________.
8. There were fur ________ in my inbx.
9. In rder t get a cmplete picture, further _______ is needed.
10. Last night Jack _______ me t tell that he had caught a bad cld.
【参考答案】
1. infrmatin; 2. message; 3. infrmatin; 4. messages; 5. infrmatin; 6. message; 7. infrmatin; 8. messages; 9. infrmatin; 10. messaged
●puzzle; cnfuse
【教材原句】
The United Kingdm, Great Britain, Britain, England—many peple are cnfused by what these different names mean. (教材P40)
S what is the difference between them, if any? Getting t knw a little bit abut British histry will help yu slve this puzzle. (教材P40)
【辨析】
两者都有“困惑”的意思，此时可以换用，但其它方面有一定的区别。
cnfuse 表示“因为把两个或多个事物或问题混淆而使头脑糊涂混乱”, 强调混淆不清，往往暂时的情况, 造成没法清楚地思维或理智地行动。一般作及物动词, 后接名词或代词作宾语; 也可与介词with连用, 表示“把…与…弄混”。
puzzle表示“行为情况、问题或某种现象错宗复杂,使人感到困惑伤脑筋”，因而不知道该怎么解决。一般作及物动词，也可以作名词，表示“难题，字谜，疑虑，谜团”等。
【例句呈现】
Dn't cnfuse liberty with license.
不要把自由与放纵混为一谈。
They asked me s many questins that they cnfused me.
他们问了我那么多的问题都把我搞迷糊了.
I ften cnfuse yu and yur brther.
我常把你和你哥哥弄错了。
Peple are apt t cnfuse the tw issues.
人们容易把这两个问题混淆起来。
If we cnfuse these three levels, we will nt think clearly.
如果我们混淆了这三个等级，我们便不会清晰地思考。
My wrds surprised and cnfused/puzzled him.
我的话使他惊讶且迷惑。
What yu said just nw cnfused/puzzled me.
你刚才说的话使我很困惑。
The find left archaelgists with a puzzle.
这个发现给考古学家留下了一个谜团。
Will yu help me t slve this puzzle?
你能帮助我解决这个难题吗?
He sat frwning ver a crsswrd puzzle.
他坐着皱着眉头在思考纵横字谜。
She culd nt get the puzzle ut f her mind.
她无法解开心中的疑虑。
His questin puzzled me.
他的问题使我迷惑不解。
What he did puzzled me greatly.
他的作为使我深感迷惑不解。
【考点过关】
根据cnfuse, puzzle 意义及用法填空
1. I always cnfuse my left with my right.
2. Her decisin was a _______ t him.
3. Dn't cnfuse Austria with Australia.
4. I have in mind sme dubts which really ________ me.
5. I've never been able t _______ her ut.
6. Many business executives cnfuse leadership _______ actin.
7. The risks can be s cmplex that banks hire mathematicians t _______ them ut.
8. D nt cnfuse ever the tangential acceleratin, which is alng the circumference, ________ centripetal acceleratin.
9. He is in a ________ abut the matter.
10. She was cmpletely _______ (cnfuse) by these tw questins.
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. puzzle; 3. with; 4. puzzle; 5. puzzle; 6. with; 7. puzzle; 8. with; 9. puzzle; 10.cnfused.
●include; cntain
【教材原句】
Sme f their great achievements included building twns and rads. (教材P40)
Has the writer included sensry details? (教材P45)
【辨析】
两者都有“包含”的意思，但有一定区别。
include 表示“包括，包含，包括….在内”，强调被包括者是整体的一部分。include后面接名词，代词或动名词；被包括部分放在include 后面时，include 用-ing形式，放在前面时，include 用-ed形式
cntain 表示“包含，含有，装有，容纳”，强调“内含（….成分），装有（….东西）”。
【例句呈现】
Yur duties will include setting up a new cmputer system.
你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统.
I've gt three days' hliday including New Year's Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
The mvie wn nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
Htel accmmdatin is included in the price f yur hliday.
你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。
Six peple were killed in the rit, including a pliceman.
暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。
We all went, me included.
我们都去了，连我在内。
The cmmittee includes representatives frm industry.
这个委员会包括产业界的代表。
Lcal activities include walking, bating and glf.
当地的活动包括散步、划船以及打高尔夫球。
The bx cntains ld phtgraphs and suvenirs.
那盒子里放有旧照片和纪念品。
It cntains a pwerful drug which affects msquites.
它含有一种可以防止蚊虫叮咬的强效药物。
The bttle cntains tw glasses f beer.
这瓶子可装两杯啤酒。
The pill cntains vitamins.
这药丸中含有多种维生素。
【考点过关】
根据include, cntain 的用法用其适当形式填空
1. It was fund that her bld _______ pisn.
2. The city has dzens f factries, _______ a pwer plant and a steelwrks.
3. This drink desn't ________ any alchl.
4. Six students were playing table tennis, tw girls ________.
5. Their diet ________ a lt f fat at present.
6. I ________ apples n the list f things t buy tday.
7. Hw much water des this bttle ________?
8. We all knw that this bk _________ ten shrt stries.
9. Sea water _________ plenty f salt.
10. My uncle has a lt f duties, _________ taking care f these children.
【参考答案】
1. cntained; 2. including; 3. cntain; 4. included; 5. cntains; 6. include; 7. cntain; 8. includes; 9. cntains; 10. including
●cnquer; vercme
【教材原句】
They cnquered England after the well-knwn Battle f Hastings in the 11th century. (教材P41)
【辨析】
两者都有“战胜”的意思，但其含义有一定区别。
cnquer 意思是“征服，占领，攻占，克服”，宾语常常是国家、民族，自然界的客观事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。
vercme 意思是“克服，解决，战胜”，宾语常常是困难、问题、障碍等。
温馨提示：两者都可指战胜对手，消除或克服差异，克服或战胜心理方面的问题，如，恐惧，悲伤，焦虑等，这时两者可换用。
【例句呈现】
She vercame/cnquered her natural diffidence and spke with great frankness.
她克服了胆怯的毛病，非常坦率地说出了自己的想法。
The tw parties managed t vercme/cnquer their differences n the issue.
两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
She vercame/cnquered injury t win the Olympic gld medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
She was trying t vercme/cnquer her physical repugnance fr him.
她努力克制对他非常强烈的反感。
In the final game Sweden easily vercame/cnquered France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
S far, we have managed t vercme all the bstacles that have been placed in ur path.
至此，我们已设法排除了设置在道路上的一切障碍。
Find a way t vercme yur difficulties.
找出办法战胜困难。
I then realized hw pssible it was t vercme/cnquer yur limitatins.
那时我才意识到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。
Western fficials say the prblem is minr, and shuld be quickly vercme.
西方官员称这个问题并不严重，应该很快就会解决。
I wuld vercme/cnquered any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
The Nrmans cnquered England in 1066.
诺尔曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
Mnt Blanc was cnquered in 1786.
勃朗峰于1786年被征服。
【考点过关】
根据vercme和cnquer用法，用其适当形式填空。
1. The wrld champin ______ yet anther challenger last night.
2. The night befre the test I _______ by fear and despair
3. I ________ my mral scruples at last.
4. They had t _______ frmidable bstacles.
5. During 1936, Musslini _______ Abyssinia
6. Human beings are learning t ______ all kinds f natural disasters.
7. The Spanish _______ the New Wrld in the sixteenth century.
8. S far, we ________ the enemy.
9. When will scientists ________ the stars?
10. The lng-cherished dream f _________ the Huanghe River will becme a reality.
11. Man will ________ nature.
12. Smething gave me the strength __________ the difficulty
13. T succeed, yu must learn ________ bstacles.
14. Early in the eleventh century the whle f England _______ again by the Vikings.
15. In the wake f develpments in science and technlgy, man has becme mre capable f _______ nature.
16. There is always ne thing ________ anther.
【参考答案】
1. cnquered/vercame; 2. was vercme/cnquered; 3. vercame/cnquered; 4. vercme; 5. cnquered; 6. cnquer; 7. cnquered; 8. have cnquered; 9. cnquer; 10. cnquering; 11. cnquer; 12. t vercme; 13. t vercme; 14. was cnquered; 15. cnquering; 16. t cnquer/vercme
●amunt; quantity
【教材原句】
We fund urselves very surprised by the large number f visitrs and the amunt f nise at the entrance f the Natinal Gallery. (教材P42)
【辨析】
两者都可以表示数量，但用法有区别。
amunt 意思是“数量；数额；总数”，做动词是“达到，相当，等同”的意思， 常构成以下短语：
= 1 \* GB3 ①a huge/large amunt f…./large amunts f….大量，许多，后面一般接不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词根据amunt来确定，如果amunt 是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果amunt是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
= 2 \* GB3 ②amunt t….达到；合计为；相当于，等于
quantity 意思是“数量； 大量”，常构成以下短语：
= 1 \* GB3 ①a large quantity f…./large quantities f ……大量，后面既可以跟可数名词，也可以跟不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词根据quantity 的单复数来确定，如果quantity 是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果quantity是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
= 2 \* GB3 ②in quantity = in large quantities 大量地
【例句呈现】
The plice fund a quantity f drugs at his hme.
警察在他家发现了大量毒品。
It is usually ecnmical t buy washing pwder in large quantities.
大量购买洗衣粉通常要省钱些。
A large quantity f drugs was seized during the raid.
在这次突击行动中起获了大量毒品。
A swp by custms fficers netted a large quantity f drugs.
海关人员突然袭击，缉获大量毒品。
The Custms have seized large quantities f smuggled herin.
海关查获了大量走私的海洛因。
It's just very time cnsuming t get such a large quantity f data.
获取如此大量的数据非常费时。
Mdern cmputers can rganize large amunts f data very quickly.
现代计算机能迅速处理大量的信息资料。
There is still an immense amunt f wrk t be dne.
还有非常非常多的工作没有做。
Smewhere alng the line a large amunt f mney went missing.
有一笔巨款在某一环节上不翼而飞。
Teachers have a limited amunt f time t interact with each child.
教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。
The tank had leaked a small amunt f water.
水箱渗漏出少量的水。
The ttal cllectin last week amunted t £ 250.
上周的募捐总额达250英镑。
【考点过关】
根据quantity和amunt的用法填空。
1. A large quantity f air cnditins ________ (sell) since the summer came.
2. It's a pity that large quantities f wd ______ (waste) that way all ver the wrld.
3. There _______ (be) a large quantity f rain in this area.
4. When yu are travelling, dn’t display large _______ f cash t thers.
5. A large quantity f crps _________ (destry) by the hurricane last week.
6. Large quantities f milk _______ (send) t the children in pr area the day befre yesterday.
7. Large amunts f mney _______ (spent) n building the bridge last year.
8. They buy cttn _______ quantity.
9. There _______ (be) nly a small amunt f fd.
10. The villagers planted different kinds f trees _______ large quantities n the hill last year.
11. My incme fr that week amunted ________ &112.
12. As a result f destrying the frests, a large quantity f desert _______ (cver) the land s far.
13. Keeping what belngs t anther ______ (amunt) t stealing.
14. With many frests being destryed, huge quantities f gd earth ______ (wash) away each year.
15. Huge quantities f il ________ (ship) t Japan last year.
【参考答案】
1. have been sld 2. have been wasted; 3. is; 4. amunts/quantities; 5. was destryed; 6. were sent; 7. were spent; 8. in; 9. is; 10. in; 11. t; 12. has cvered; 13. amunts; 14. are being washed; 15. were shipped
●seat；sit
【教材原句】
Dave culd nt find a seat in the rm. (教材P46)
Lndn sits upn the River Thames in the sutheast f England. (教材P48)
【辨析】
两者都有“坐”的意思，但用法有区别。
seat除了作名词表示“座位”外，也可以做及物动词，意思是“使…坐下；使（多少）人坐得下”。主语可以是人，也可以是地点。
sit意思是“坐”，一般做不及物动词，sit arund的意思是“闲坐着”
【例句呈现】
The ld man seated himself reading a newspaper at a desk.
这位老人坐在桌旁看报纸。
Cme in and please be seated．
请坐进来坐吧。
Our schl auditrium seats ne thusand pupils.
我们学校的礼堂可容纳一千个学生。
His students are seated at their desks ding their hmewrk nw.
现在，学生们坐在桌旁写作业。
She was seated at the head f the table.
她坐在桌子的上座。
The aircraft seats 200 passengers.
这架飞机能坐200名乘客。
He is sitting n the grass f ur garden.
他坐正花园的草地上。
I culd sit and watch the river all day lng.
我可以整天坐在这里看那条河。
I dn't get much exercise sitting in the ffice all day.
我整天坐在办公室很少运动。
He sat taking ntes f everything that was said.
他坐在那儿记下了所说的每一件事。
Six peple, and mre at a pinch, culd be seated cmfrtably at the table.
这张桌子可以很舒服地坐6个人，而且必要时多坐几个也不会挤。
He was cmfrtably seated in a sft reclining chair.
他舒舒服服地坐在柔软的躺椅上。
They were seated at a table utside a pub in a pleasant piazza clse by St Paul's
在圣保罗教堂旁一个怡人的广场上，他们坐在一家酒馆外的桌边。
【考点过关】
根据seat和sit的用法填空
1. Our _______ (supply) were running ut.
2. Teachers prvide a mdel ______ children t imitate.
3. The charity aims ________ (prvide) assistance t peple in need.
4. The cars will _______ (supply) t peple all ver the cuntry.
5. Cws supply us _______ milk.
6. In Britain milk is supplied ______ each huse in bttles.
7. We _______ (ffer, prvide) custmers a free hme delivery service.
8. The statistics ffer further supprt _______ ur thery.
9. We _______ (ffer , supply, prvide) a persnal service t all ur custmers.
10. His cmpany ffers a flexible packaging service _______ the fd industry.
【参考答案】
1. t sit; 2. seat; 3. sitting; 4. seats; 5. seated; 6. t sit; 7. seated; 8. seated; 9. sitting; 10. was seated; 11. was seated; 12. seated; 13. Seated
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