高中英语Unit 4 History and traditions当堂达标检测题

这是一份高中英语Unit 4 History and traditions当堂达标检测题，共5页。试卷主要包含了available adj， purchase v，C过渡句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Befre the 1830s, mst newspapers were sld thrugh annual subscriptins in America, usually $8 t $10 a year. Tday $8 r $10 seems a small amunt f mney, but at that time these amunts were frbidding t mst citizens. Accrdingly, newspapers were read almst nly by rich peple in plitics r the trades. In additin, mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience. They were dull and visually frbidding. But the revlutin that was taking place in the 1830s wuld change all that.
The trend, then was tward the “penny paper” --a term referring t papers made widely available t the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps mre imprtantly it meant newspapers that culd be bught in single cpies n the street.
This develpment did nt take place vernight. It had been pssible (but nt easy) t buy single cpies f newspapers befre 1830, but this usually meant the reader had t g dwn t the printer's ffice t purchase a cpy. Street sales were almst unknwn. Hwever, within a few years, street sales f newspapers wuld be cmmnplace in eastern cities. At first the price f single cpies was seldm a penny--usually tw r three cents was charged--and sme f the lder well-knwn papers charged five r six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public’s fancy, and sn there wuld be papers that did indeed sell fr nly a penny.
This new trend f newspapers fr “the man n the street” did nt begin well. Sme f the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, peple wh were wners f successful papers, had little desire t change the traditin. It tk a few yuthful and daring businessmen t get the ball rlling.
词汇积累
l.trend n.趋势,倾向
2.available adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空
3. purchase v.购买
1. Which f the fllwing best describes newspapers in America befre the 1830s?
A. Academic.
B. Unattractive.
C. Inexpensive.
D. Cnfidential.
2. What did street sales mean t newspapers?
A. They wuld be priced higher.
B. The ley wuld disappear frm cities.
C. They culd have mre readers.
D. They culd regain public trust.
3. Wh were the newspapers f the new trend targeted at?
A. Lcal pliticians.
B. Cmmn peple.
C. Yung publishers.
D. Rich businessmen.
4. What can we say abut the birth f the penny paper?
A. It was a difficult prcess.
B. It was a temprary success.
C. It was a rbbery f the pr.
D. It was a disaster fr printers.
Ⅱ.七选五（2019课标全国Ⅲ，★★☆）
Imagine a child standing n a diving bard fur feet high and asking himself the questin: “Shuld I jump?” This is what mtivatin r the lack f it can d. Mtivatin and gal setting are the tw sides f the same cin. 1 Like the child n the diving bard, yu will stay undecided.
2 Mre than that, hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal? First, yu need t evaluate yurself, yur values, yur strengths, yur weaknesses, yur achievements, yur desires, etc. Only then shuld yu set yur gals.
Yu als need t judge the quality and depth f yur mtivatin. This is quite imprtant, because it is directly related t yur cmmitment. There are times when yur heart is nt in yur wrk. 3 S, slw dwn and think what yu really want t d at that mment. Clarity(清晰) f thughts can help yu mve frward.
Anther way f setting realistic gals is t analyze yur shrt and lng term bjectives, keeping in mind yur beliefs, values, and strengths. Remember that gals are flexible. 4 They als need t be measurable. Yu must keep these pints in mind while setting yur gals.
Yur persnal circumstances are equally imprtant. Fr example, yu may want t be a pilt but can’t becme ne because yur eyesight is nt gd enugh. 5 Yu shuld reassess yur gals, and mtivate yurself t set a fresh gal.
Yu will surely need t vercme sme difficulties, sme planned, but mst unplanned. Yu cannt vercme them withut ample mtivatin. Make sure that yu plan fr these difficulties at the time f setting yur gals.
词汇积累
1.mtivatin n.动机，积极性
2.evaluate v.评价
3.cmmitment n.承诺；保证
4.circumstance n.环境；情形
A. This can affect yur wrk.
B. S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself.
C. Hwever, this shuld nt discurage yu
D. S why shuld we try t set specific gals?
E. They can change accrding t circumstances.
F Mtivatin is what yu need mst t d a gd jb.
G Withut mtivatin, yu can neither set a gal nr reach it.
______ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _______
参考答案及解析
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与社会，主题语境内容是社会进步。文章介绍了报纸走向街头，走向大众的过程。文章侧重对学生历史和社会文化素养的培养。
1.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:下面哪个选项对19世纪30年代之前美国报纸状况的描述是最准确的？根据文章第一段的描述可知，当时的报纸很昂贵，只有富人才能买得起。同时，当时的很多报纸对大众没有吸引力。因此B项（没有吸引力的）符合题意。A:学术的；C:便宜的；D:机密的。
2.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:街头销售对报纸来说意味着什么？根据文章第二段的描述，当报纸开始在街头销售之后，价格很低，容易买到，所以C项（它们会有更多的读者）符合题意。A:它们的定价将会更高；B:它们将从城市消失；D:它们将重获公众的信任。
3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:新趋势下报纸的目标群体是哪些人？根据文章第二段和第三段对报纸改革的描述，尤其是第二段的The trend，then，was tward the“penny paper”--a term referring t papers made widely available t the public.可知，新的趋势为报纸大众化。故B项（普通人）符合题意。
4.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们可以如何评价“一分报纸”的诞生？根据文章对“一分报纸”发展历程的描述，尤其是最后一段的 This new trend f newspapers fr“the man n the street”did nt begin well.（这种面向街头普通人的报纸的新趋势一开始发展得并不好。）可知，A项（这是一个艰难的过程）符合题意。B:这是暂时的成功；C:这是对贫穷者的掠夺；D:这对印刷工人来说是灾难。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读
本文是说明文。主题语境是人与自我，主题境内容为认识自我，完善自我。文章从介绍动机和目标开始，告诉我们如何确立正确的动机和目标对我们更有益本文旨在培养学生科学认识自我、激励自我、辩证看待问题、合理解决问题的能力。
1.G过渡句。句意：若没有动机，你既不能设定目标，也不能达成
目标。由设空处上句话 Mtivatin and gal setting are the tw sides f the same cin.、（动机和目标的设定是一件事情的两个方面。）可知，动机是很重要的。根据设空处下句 Like the child n the diving bard，yu will stay undecided.可知，中间需要加一个表示转折的句子：若没有动机……。故选G。
2.B主旨句。句意：那么，你应该如何激励自己呢？该题中，设空处位于文章第二段开头，可能会是该段的主旨句。设空处后面的 hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal也是引出该段话题或是对主旨句的进一步说明。另根据句子结构一致的原则，可找到与此问句结构一致的选项B：S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself？故选B.
3.A过渡句。句意：这可能会影响你的工作。根据设空处前面的句子 There are times when yur heart is nt in yur wrk（有时你的心会不在你的工作上。）可知，接下来会说这样做的后果（影响你的工作）。设空处后面介绍正确的做法。故选A。
4.E细节句。句意：它们可以根据情况来改变。设空处前面的句子提到 Remember that gals are flexible.（要记得目标是灵活的。），接下来可能会接着解释它们会改变。选项E中的They与上句话中的 gals指代一致。故选E。
5.C过渡句。句意：然而，这不应该使你泄气。由设空处上句话中的 yu may want t be a pilt but can’t becme ne because yur eyesight is nt gd enugh（你可能想成为一名飞行员，但因为你的视力不够好而不能成为一名飞行员）可知，接下来会告诉我们解决这个问题的办法。根据设空处下句话中的Yu shuld reassess yur gals（你应该重新评估你的目标）可知，选C项。