【必背知识清单】人教版英语八年级上册 Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. 同步必背知识清单

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.八年级英语上册必备知识清单一、词汇知识清单I、课标词汇[注意英译汉]outgoing ['aʊtɡəʊɪŋ] adj.外向的better ['betə(r)] adj.更好的；较好的 adv.更好地loudly ['laʊdli] adv.大声地；高声地；花俏地quietly ['kwaɪətli] adv.安静地；悄悄地；平静地hard-working [hɑːd'wɜːkɪŋ] adj.勤勉的；努力工作的competition [ˌkɒmpə'tɪʃn] n.竞争；比赛fantastic [fæn'tæstɪk] adj.极好的；了不起的which adj.哪一个；哪一些pron.哪一个；哪些clearly ['klɪəli] adv.清楚地；显然地win [wɪn] v.赢；赢得；获胜；获得n.胜利though conj.虽然；尽管；adv.不过talented ['tæləntɪd] adj.有才能的；有天赋的truly ['truːli] adv.真实地；真诚地；正确地care [keə(r)] v.关心；担忧；照顾；在乎serious ['sɪəriəs] adj.严肃的；严重的；庄重的mirror ['mɪrə(r)] n.镜子；反映necessary ['nesəsəri] adj.必要的；必然的both [bəʊθ] adj.两者都pron.两者should [ʃəd] aux.应该；可能；应当；将要touch [tʌtʃ] vt.触摸；感动reach [riːtʃ] v.到达；伸出；达成；取得联系；延伸；(伸手)去够heart [hɑːt] n.心脏；内心fact [fækt] n.事实；真相；实际break [breɪk] v.打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断laugh [lɑːf] v.发笑；笑；嘲笑 n.笑声；笑；笑料similar ['sɪmələ(r)] adj.类似的share [ʃeə(r)] vt.分享，共享；分配；共有loud [laʊd] adj.大声的；adv.大声地；响亮地primary ['praɪməri] adj.最初的，最早的information [ˌɪnfə'meɪʃn] n.信息；情报；资料；通知II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]1. outgoing ['aʊtɡəʊɪŋ] adj.外向的--比较级more outgoing--最高级the most outgoing2. better ['betə(r)] adj.更好的；较好的 --原级good/well--最高级best3. loudly ['laʊdli] adv.大声地；高声地；--adj. aloud 大声的--adj/adv大声地，喧闹的4. quietly ['kwaɪətli] adv.安静地--adj. quiet安静的--n.quietness 安静5. hard-working [hɑːd'wɜːkɪŋ] adj.勤勉的；努力工作的--比较级more hard-working--最高级the most hard-working6. competition [ˌkɒmpə'tɪʃn] n.竞争；比赛--v.compete竞争--adj.competitive有竞争的--n.competitor参赛者7. fantastic [fæn'tæstɪk] adj.极好的；--n/v. fantasy想象8. clearly ['klɪəli] adv.清楚地；显然地--adj.clear干净的，清楚地--ant.unclear不干净，不清楚 --ant.unclearly 不清楚地，不干净地 （more clearly---most clearly）9. win [wɪn] v.赢；赢得；获胜；获--n.winner赢家（won, won ）--adj. winless 未赢的10. talented ['tæləntɪd] adj.有天赋的--n.talent天赋11. truly ['truːli] adv.真实地；真诚地；--adj. true真实的--n.truth真相 --adj.truthful 真实的，说真话的12. care [keə(r)] v.关心；担忧；照顾；在乎--adj. careful关心的--adv.carefully关心地--n.care关心--adj.careless粗心大意的--n.carelessness粗心---adj. Caring 关心他人的--n.carer看护者13. serious ['sɪəriəs] adj.严肃的；严重的；--adv.seriously严重地14. necessary ['nesəsəri] adj.必要的；必然的---ant. adj.unnecessary没必要的--adv.necessarily 必要地---n.necessity必要性15. should [ʃəd] aux.应该；可能；应当；--shall应该，应当16. touch [tʌtʃ] vt.触摸；感动---adj.touched 感动的--adj. touching 令人...感动的--n.toucher触摸者17. reach [riːtʃ] v.到达；伸出；达成；18. heart [hɑːt] n.心脏；内心--adj.heartful 真诚的--ant.adj.heartless无情的，狠心的--v.hearten振奋，鼓舞19. fact [fækt] n.事实；真相；实际--adj.factual真实的20. break [breɪk] v.打碎；折断；违背；--过去式broke--过去分词/adj.broken(破损的)21. laugh [lɑːf] v.发笑；笑；嘲笑 --n.laughter笑声22. similar ['sɪmələ(r)] adj.类似的--adv. similarly 同样地--n. similarity相似性23. share [ʃeə(r)] vt.分享，共享；分配；---adj.shared 共享的--adj.shareable 可分享的，可分担的24. information [ˌɪnfə'meɪʃn] n.信息；--v. inform通知III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]more outgoing更外向 2.as+形容词/副词原形as…与……一样 not as/so…as不如3.the singing competition唱歌比赛 4.be similar to与……相像的/类似的 5.care about关心；介意 take care of =look after照顾 6.be like a mirror像一面镜子 7.the most important最重要的8.as long as只要；既然 9.bring out使显现；使表现出 10.get better grades取得更好的成绩 11.reach for伸手取 12.in fact事实上；实际上 13.make friends交朋友 14.one…,the other… 一个…，另一个 15.touch one’s heart感动某人 16.be talented in music有音乐天赋17.share everything 分享一切 18.talk about 谈论 19.have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣20.want to do sth. 想要做某事21.as+形容词或者副词原级+as 与……一样……22.be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事23.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事IV、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]Section ABoth Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. (P. 17)both...and...意为“两者都”，并列两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Both Tom and Jim are interested in Math.Tara works as hard as Tina. (P. 18)as...as...意为“和……一样”，两个as中间用形容词或者副词原级。He is as tall as his father. I run as fast as he.【拓展】not as...as...意为“不如……，比不上……”第一个as是副词，在否定句中可以换成so。She doesn't study as/so hard as her brother.Lucy is not as/so easygoing as Lily.Oh, which one was Lisa?(P. 18)which表示“哪一个”，表示在一定数量中进行选择；what用于选择范围较大或者不明确时，表示选择人或物的种类。There are some books in the box. Which one is yours?What is in the box?You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. (P. 18)(1) win表示“赢得”后接比赛、奖项等表示物的名词作宾语；beat表示“打败”，后接某人、团队等表示人的名词作宾语。They finally beat the other side and won the basketball match.Who won the first prize in the singing contest.这里的though作副词，表示“可是、然而”，放在句末，前用都好隔开。Jim said that he would come. He didn’t, though.But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. (P. 18)此处动词不定式作表语，放在be动词后面。My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a teacher.have fun意为“玩得高兴”，后接动名词。Did you have fun visiting that country?Section B...is talented in music. (P. 20)talented作形容词，表示“有才能的、有天赋的”，be talented in表示“在……方面有天赋”。Li Yundi is talented in swimming....truly cares about me. (P. 20)care about意为“关心、在意”。Thy cared about their uncle a lot....makes me laugh. (P. 20)(1) make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”；make sb./sth.+形容词 “使某人/某物怎么样”His parents made him stay at home.The news made us excited.laugh表示“笑、发笑”，laugh at表示“嘲笑”。Don’t laugh at others.4. serious (P. 20)此处serious表示“严肃的、稳重的”，另外serious还可以表示“严重的、认真的”，be serious about意为“对……认真”。Is she serious about giving up her job?That’s why I like reading books and I study harder in class. (P. 21)That’s why...意为“那是为什么……”，强调结果；that’s because表示“那是因为……”，强调原因。That’s why I didn’t want to leave here.That’s because he is not old enough.I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. (P. 21)(1)本句结构为“It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”结构，意为“做某事对某人来说……”，此结构中的形容词多为描述事物特征的词，如easy, important, dangerous, necessary等。It is important for you to study hard.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.【拓展】It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.意为“某人做某事是……的”，此结构中的形容词多是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, foolish,polite等描述行为者性格、品质的词。It is very kind of you to lend me so much money.make friends表示“交朋友”，后常接介词with，表示“和某人交朋友”。He likes making friends with others....you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. (P. 21)as long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来。You will get good grades as long as you work hard.My best friend Larry is quite different from me. (P. 21)be different from意为“与……不同”，反义词是the same as“和……相同”。The car is different from that one.This bag is the same as that one.However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. (P. 21)bring out意为“使显现、使表现出”。I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.Larry is much less hard-working, though. (P. 21)less用于形容词或者副词比较级之前，意为“不如、赶不上”，相当于not as/so...as...。Lesson One is less interesting than Lesson Two.=Lesson One is not as interesting as Lesson Two.I always get better grades than he does, so maybe I should help him more. (P. 21)get better grades意为“取得好成绩”，grade作名词，可以表示“成绩、等级”。If you study hard, you will get good grades.I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. (P. 21)if此处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，相当于whether。I wonder if he can help us with the problem.the same as 表示“与……相同”，反义词为be different from“与……不同”。My answer is the same as yours.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. (P. 21)(1) reach for one’s hand意为“伸手帮某人一把”，reach这里是不及物动词，意为“伸出（手臂、胳膊）”。Can you reach for my hand?touch one’s hand意为“打动某人的心、令某人感动的”。The story touches my heart.In fact, she is funnier than anyone I know. (P. 21)in fact意为“事实上、实际上”，相当于as a matter of fact或者actually。In fact, she is talented in music.We can talk about and share everything. (P. 21)talk是不及物动词，后接宾语时，需要加上介词，talk about sth.“谈论某事”；talk with sb.“同某人谈话”。They are talking about their hobbies.(2) share表示“分享、合用”时，常用的结构为share sth. (with sb.)“（同某人）分享某物”。The boy doesn’t want to share toys with other children.I’m different from Jeff because I’m louder than the other kids in my class. (P. 22)other, the other, another, others和the others辨析other: 意为“别的、其它的”，常用来修饰可数名词。the other: 表示“两者中另一个”，是特指；the other之后也可以加复数名词，特指“其它的”。another: 表示“三者中另一个”。others: 用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。the others: 特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys.You should think of others.There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys.My best friend is similar to Larry. (P. 22)be similar to意为“与……类似”。Your handwriting is similar to his.Call the English Study Center at 443-5667 for more information. (P. 24)call...at...意为“拨打……找……”。Please call Mr. Green at 473-8989.information是不可数名词，表示“一条消息”用a piece of information。You can get more information through the Internet.高级结构会变通[注意高级在写作中的仿写]1.It’s+形容词+for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是怎么样的2. both adj.\pron.两个；两个都（1）both“两个、两者都……”, 在句中可作代词、形容词、副词、连词。作副词时常放在be动词之后, 实义动词之前。 e.g. Both (of) his parents are doctors. (作代词或形容词) =His parents are both doctors. (作副词)（1）both...and... .....和......都；既......又...... ①连接两个并列句子； ②连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数。e.g. Both Tom and Jim are my good friends.※ 辨析both\all\either\neitherboth两者都all三者或三者以上都either两者中的“任何一个都”neither两者都不e.g. Lily and Lucy are my good friends.They are both friendly.All of the students went to Mount Tai.--Which would you like to eat, dumplings or noodles?--Either is OK.Neither my father nor my mother is a doctor.3. though adv. 不过；可是；然而conj.虽然；尽管；不过（=although） 连词though(=although)常用于引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可与still或yet连用。Though通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。 e.g. Jim said that he would come. He didn’t, though.4. as long as只要；既然（1）as long as引导条件状语从句时意为“只要”，当主句为一般将来时或主句谓语含有情态动词can时，as long as 引导的从句用一般现在时表将来。(即“主将从现”)e.g. As long as the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go hiking.（2）as long as引导原因状语从句时意为“既然”；若同级比较意为“和......一样长”。e.g. As long as you want to stay at home, let’s play chess at home.二、语法知识清单形容词和副词的比较级 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 形容词比较级的变化规则。 = 1 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT I. 规则变化 = 2 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT II. 不规则变化 = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② 形容词比较级用法。 = 1 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT I. 比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。 2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。 = 2 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT II. 表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is 比较级，A or B？”表示“两者之间较……之一”时，用“the + 比较级”结构。e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？ 2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。 = 3 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT III.“越来越……”用“比较级and 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。 2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。 = 4 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT IV. 表示“越……越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。三、语篇知识清单本单元是人教版英语八年级上册第三单元，目标语言是用比较级对两者之间进行比较。一开始，就呈现了一些形容词、副词的比较级，然后，通过对话，将不同的人物作比较，接下来，通过reading训练，再次巩固形容词、副词比较级的用法。结合课本，这个单元最有可能的写作就是写人物，而且是写两个人的对比，在比较的过程中，巩固语法知识。写作前的一些准备：一、单词的准备：既然要写人，就要用到写人的外貌、性格的一些词语，列举如下： 1、outgoing 外向的，开朗的 2、friendly友好的 2、hard-working 努力的，勤勉的4、smart聪明的 5、lazy懒的 6、serious严肃的、严重的 短语：1、work hard 努力工作 2、run fast跑得快 3、get up early 起得早 4、sing well 唱的好 5、the same as与。。。。。。一样; be different from… 与。。。。。。不同 6、be similar to… 与。。。。。。相似 7、like to do sth. like doing sth.8、in some ways 在某些方面二、句子积累(一)佳句欣赏与模拟1. My best friend Larry is quite different from me.【quite为副词，可以用来修饰形容词，表示程度，意为＂十分＂】我十分擅长英语。I am quite good at English.　2. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.【it’s＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样】取得好成绩对我来说很容易。It’s easy for me to get good grades.3. Larry is much less hard-working, though.【much/a little/a lot＋比较级】事实上，李明跑步比我快得多。In fact, Li Ming runs much/a lot faster than me. (二)表达个人的择友观1. 在我看来，有相同点是必要的。In my view, it’s necessary to be the same.2. 我真的不介意朋友是与我相同或是不同。I don’t really care if friends are the same as me or different.3. 我认为朋友就该像书——你不需要很多，只要他们好就行。I think friends are like books — you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.(三)写作微技能：比较级的巧用形容词和副词的比较级，能帮助你更具体、生动、形象地描述所要描写的人物，写出评价人物的文章。如：I’m more outgoing than my sister. I work as hard as my sister.你可以根据你的需要，用＂than，as... as＂等更具体、生动地描述人物间的相同点与不同点。1. Lisa唱得比Sam好。Lisa sings better than Sam.2. 他和我一样外向。He is as outgoing as me.3. Peter学习不如Tom努力。Peter doesn’t work as hard as Tom.例文：根据表格中提供的信息, 写一篇短文介绍你和你最好的朋友Nancy的相同之处和不同之处。要求: 1. 包含表格信息, 可适当发挥；2. 不少于70个词。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________范文:Nancy is my best friend. In some ways, we are the same. Both of us like sports. We are both hard-working and good at our subjects. We both like reading, and we usually go to the library together on weekends. But in some ways we are different. She is taller and more outgoing than me. She is better at singing and dancing. She likes going to the concert. For me, I like surfing the Internet. And I love traveling. In fact, I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different from me.【详解】1.题干解读：本题为记叙文写作，要求按照表格的信息，描写自己和好朋友Nancy在兴趣、运动、学习等方面的共同点和不同点，适当运用等级比较结构。2.写作指导：本文用一般现在时写作，注意等级比较句式及动词单数第三人称形式的运用，书写时文句的表达要完整、逻辑清楚、语法正确。构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词+er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不发音e结尾的词+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音节词在前面+more/mostimportantmore importantmost importantbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest人　物不同点相同点Nancy1. 比我高得多, 更外向2. 更擅长唱歌、跳舞`3. 喜欢去听音乐会1. 喜欢运动2. 学习努力, 各门功课都学得好3. 喜欢阅读, 通常在周末一起去图书馆I1. 喜欢上网2. 喜欢旅游