2024届高考英语二轮复习 限制性定语从句详细讲解 课件

这是一份2024届高考英语二轮复习 限制性定语从句详细讲解 课件，共22页。PPT课件主要包含了定语从句，先行词，关系词，被修饰的名词或代词，关系代词，特殊案例，关系副词，介词+关系代词， 关系副词， 关系代词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。
She is a beautiful girl.
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式 （短语）、分词、定语从句等…相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，又称形容词性从句。
简单句： She is a beautiful girl.
复合句： She is a girl wh is beautiful.
引导定语从句替代先行词充当句子成分
定语从句结构
引导词的选择（1）关系代词：wh(人-主格), whm(人-宾客), whse(人/物-所有格), which(物), that(人/物)。（2）关系副词：where(地点), when(时间), why(原因)。
关系代词在从句中充当主语或者宾语。关系代词后的谓语动词，即从句的谓语动词，应与主句的主语保持一致。
注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、smething、anything、nthing、nne、the ne等时，只能用that。There is nthing ______ I can d fr yu .2).当先行词被the nly、the very 、the last、all、n、little等词修饰时，只能用that。This is the very bk ______ I’m lking fr .3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。This is the first nextbk ______ I studied in the middle schl .4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。This is the mst beautiful muntain ______ I have ever seen .5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。He tld us many interesting things and persns _______ we had .
2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。This is the building in ______ he lives .2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。The clck is that _____ tells the time .3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。His bk , ______ was lst last week , has been fund nw.
3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用wh 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用wh。1).当先行词为thse、ne、nes、anyne且作主语时，一般用wh 。Thse ______ are singing are all my classmates .2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用wh。指物时用that。There is a girl ______ expects t see yu .3).当先行词是I、yu、he、they等时，只能用wh 。He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
在从句中做介词的宾语且介词提到关系词之前时，只能用whm,不能用wh。如：
The persn t ______ I cmplained is the manager.
The persn ______ I cmplained t is the manager.
总结关系副词的作用：指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词连接主句和从句在从句中充当句子成分—状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词。主要有以下几个词：where (=in/at/n which)when (=n/during/in which)why (=fr which)
1.由where引导的定语从句。
1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语Is this the huse ______ yu lived ?=  Is this the huse _____ _____ yu lived ?= Is this the huse _____ yu lived in ?
where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situatin, stage, pint, case, psitin, cnditin, activity, scene, ccasin等,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
Yu have reached a pint______ medicine can’t help.We are in a psitin ________ we may lse a lt f mney.I have reached the stage _____ I just dn’t care any mre.
2.由when引导的定语从句。
1).先行词是表示时间的名词, time, hur, day, year, mment, ccasin 时刻，age年代，perid阶段, stage时期，interval 间隙等词     2).在定语从句中作时间状语I will never frget the days ______ I met him .= I will never frget the days ____ ____ I met him.注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。When was the last time yu saw the parrt ?
3.由why引导的定语从句。
先行词为reasn 时，一般用why =fr which。 why在句中作原因状语。We dn’t knw the reasn ______ they didn’t cme .=We dn’t knw the reasn ___ ___ they didn’t cme .
“介词+关系代词” 结构也可以引导定语从句。有以下几种结构：1. 介词+whm/whichThe wman general still can remenber the day n which she jined the army.2. 介词短语+whm/whichThe man has a huse, in frnt f which is the sea.3. 不定代词或/数词 +whm/whichChina has a lt f famus writers, ne f whm is Luxun.4. 名词 + f whichShe mentined a magazine, the title f which I have written n my ntebk.注意：在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中, 关系代词只能用which或whm，（先行词指物时, 用which; 先行词指人时, 用whm）
用介词 ＋ 关系代词填空。1. Wh is the persn _______ _______ yu just shk hands?2. China is a pwerful cuntry, _______ _______ we are prud.
介词+which/whm, 介词如何选择
“一先”，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定介词。“三意义”，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。
并非所有介词都可以放到关系代词前
有些“动词+介词”被视为一个固定的词组, 不可分割, 这时不能把介词置于关系代词前, 如：lk fr, lk after, pay attentin t, take care f , lk frward t, g thrugh等。
① 从句缺少主、宾、定
方法：分析从句句子成分
I still remember the days ______we stayed tgetheer.I still remember the days __________we spent in Sanya tgether.This is the place __________we visited last time.This is the place _______ we visited my grandparents last time.This is the reasn ______ she was absent frm the meeting.This is the reasn _________ she gave me .
( )1. The man ____ is standing there is my father. A. wh B. whm C. which( )2. Wh was the man _____ spke t yu just nw? A. wh B. whm C. that ( )3. Tm is the nly persn_____I can depend n. A. that B. which C. wh ( )4. It is the best film ____ she has ever seen. A. that B. which C. when ( )5. Beijing is the 29th city ____ hlds the Olympic Games. A. where B. that C. which D. what
( )1. Many lessns are nw available nline, frm ______ students can chse fr free. A.when B.which C. where ( )2. We have entered int an age ________ dreams have the best chance f cming true. A.when B.which C. where ( )3. Their child is at the stage_________ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences. A.when B.which C. where