吉林省吉林市2023-2024学年高三下第三次调研模拟考试英语试卷(解析版)

这是一份吉林省吉林市2023-2024学年高三下第三次调研模拟考试英语试卷(解析版)，共27页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What part f maths is the wman bad at?
A. Shapes.B. Numbers.C. Angles.
【答案】B
【解析】M: The thing I lve abut maths is all the prblems yu have t wrk ut.
W: I knw what yu mean, but numbers aren’t my thing. I’m better at shapes and angles.
2. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Friends.
B. Brther and sister.
C. Dctr and patient.
【答案】A
【解析】W: My shulder has been hurting fr three days. D yu think I shuld g see a dctr?
M: Have yu tried taking sme medicine?
W: My brther bught sme types f medicine, but I dn’t knw which ne t take.
3. What industry des the wman hpe t wrk in?
A. Travel.B. Finance.C. Medicine.
【答案】C
【解析】M: I dn’t get it. Yu’re always reading travel bks, yet yu never actually g anywhere!
W: Well, I can’t affrd it right nw… Nt everybdy is the sn f a banker, yu knw. But when I finish studying and have a dctr’s salary, I’ll travel the wrld. Yu’ll see!
4. Where are the speakers prbably?
A. In a classrm.
B. In the frest.
C. In a hspital.
【答案】B
【解析】M: Frm what I’ve learned in lectures, t cure an infectin, we have t clean the wund first. Then, we must clse it.
W: But we dn’t have medical tls utdrs, and Michael is getting wrse. Run back t the car and call an ambulance.
5. When will the wman’s mther prbably arrive?
A. At abut 12:00 p.m.
B. At abut 3:00 p.m.
C. At abut 6:00 p.m.
【答案】C
【解析】M: What time is yur mther arriving?
W: She was suppsed t catch the nn bus, but she called me t say she missed it. S she plans t take the 3:00 bus, which will get her here arund dinner time.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. Why is the wman s upset?
A. She has a prblem with handling the attitude f her friends.
B. She isn’t cnfident abut her recent schlwrk.
C. She had a disagreement with her father.
7. What is the man like accrding t the wman?
A. Strict.B. Psitive.C. Knwledgeable.
【答案】6. A 7. B
【解析】W: My friends have gd intentins, but smetimes they’re s negative. Hnestly, it brings me dwn smetimes.
M: That’s cmmn at yur age, Gina. I think life in high schl is great. Hwever, with life changing s quickly, it’s easy t be at a lss.
W: But yu’re always in such a gd md. Hw d yu maintain such an ptimistic attitude?
M: Situatins aren’t necessarily gd r bad. It just depends n hw yu lk at them!
W: Yu’re right, Papa. I’ll try t cnvince my friends f this.
M: Just shw them a psitive example. Eventually, they’ll fllw!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What is the man’s jb prbably?
A. A university prfessr.
B. A seaprt manager.
C. A ship captain.
9. Which cuntry is the wman frm?
A. China.B. Italy.C. Singapre.
【答案】8. B 9. C
【解析】M: Welcme t the busiest seaprt in the wrld — the Prt f Shanghai is essential t the cnnectin f ur planet.
W: I’m just a student nw, but I hpe t manage a shipping prt like yu ne day.
M: Great — I was just like yu, at yur age. I’d lve t explain this prt’s rle in glbal trade mre clearly.
W: Thanks. I’ve nly studied the Prt f Singapre in my hmetwn.
M: Yes, that city’s prt, frm which yu just arrived, is an imprtant link fr Shanghai’s trade. This critical rute cnnects thrugh Singapre, nt India and Africa, and ends in Italy r beynd.
W: I heard this prt dates back t 1842 — is that true?
M: Exactly. Nw, ver 30 millin units are prcessed yearly, with a cuple thusand ships departing every mnth.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. What is the main idea f the cnversatin?
A. The fact that rbts will replace humans entirely.
B. The fact that rbts will take jbs frm humans.
C. The fact that rbts will be intrduced int peple’s hmes.
11. Hw des the man think abut rbts?
A. They d mre with less cst.
B. They are nt very friendly.
C. They break dwn regularly.
12. What percentage f jbs will be at risk during the next decade?
A. 3%.B. 15%.C. 33%.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. C
【解析】M: In the future, many f ur current jbs will be dne by rbts.
W: The future is clser than yu think. Several f my friends were fired in a car factry, because rbts are nw replacing them.
M: Rbts d ffer better utput (产量) fr less cst. They can perate all day and night.
W: This is true, but my friends are n lnger earning any mney.
M: Hpefully they will be able t find ther jbs.
W: It is getting harder t find a jb that will nt be replaced in a few years’ time.
M: This is true. I read a reprt that said in this decade, 3% f jbs were at risk frm machines.
W: I read the same reprt. That number wuld jump t 33% during the next decade.
M: Yes, but they als pinted ut that rbts and artificial intelligence culd bst the glbal ecnmy by $15 trillin.
W: D yu think they will replace lawyers like us?
M: Nt anytime sn.
W: We have t wrk lng hurs, but at least we have jb security.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. What is the man’s jb abut?
A. Observing the planets.
B. Teaching thers knwledge.
C. Ging int space t d research.
14. What is the man lking at tday?
A. Mars.B. Venus.C. The Mn.
15. Where will the wman have lunch?
A. At the man’s ffice.
B. At a café.
C. At her hme.
16. What will the wman d next?
A. G hme.
B. Have lunch.
C. Use the telescpe.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C
【解析】W: What d yu think when yu lk thrugh yur telescpe?
M: Well, I think abut my jb, which is t lk int space, lk at planets and discver what knwledge they ffer.
W: Yes, but what are yur private thughts abut what yu see?
M: That is a gd questin. What is yur name?
W: Jenny.
M: Well, Jenny, even after a quarter f a century in this jb, I am still filled with wnder when I lk at planets and stars.
W: D yu wnder whether there is life there?
M: It depends. When I lk at Mars, Venus r the planet I am viewing tday, the Mn, I am pretty sure there is nthing living there. Further away…well, maybe.
W: At my schl, we had a cmpetitin t draw what we thught a space creature wuld lk like.
M: Ha-ha. That is fun, as lng as it desn’t scare yu t much. Because the fact is, scientists and explrers have never fund evidence that such things exist.
W: Oh, I see.
M: S, Jenny, what will yu and yur friends be ding next? Ging back t schl, r ging hme?
W: I think we are ging t have ur lunch at the café here.
M: Wuld yu like t lk thrugh my telescpe befre yu g?
W: Oh, yes please.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. During which seasn did the speaker’s jurney take place?
A. Winter.B. Fall.C. Summer.
18. What is the speaker’s biggest challenge?
A. Traveling alne.
B. Challenging weather cnditins.
C. Overcming physical difficulties.
19. What did the family d fr the speaker?
A. They taught him a new language.
B. They invited him t their huse.
C. They taught him hw t ride a hrse.
20. Why did the speaker first begin his trip?
A. T have mre materials fr his bk.
B. T visit the hst family.
C. T make new friends.
【答案】17. C 18. A 19. B 20. A
【解析】Dear diary, it’s the 10th day f my bicycle jurney frm Beijing t Mnglia. Tmrrw will be ne f the hardest days. T be hnest, it’s nt the physical challenge f cycling 10 hurs per day, nr is it the burning July sun in this desert-like part f nrthern China. The real challenge is the lneliness f cycling fr days withut any cmpany. The lcal peple in the cities are s friendly, but I’ve nly just been able t make friends with peple wh can speak English. But tmrrw mrning I’ll have t say gdbye t the lvely family that hused me. I stayed here fr an extra tw days after this family helped me rder fd at a restaurant and invited me t stay at their hme. They generusly ffered me a ride arund their twn, and amazing intrductins t lcal fd and traditin. I’ll miss them a lt as I cntinue riding nrth thrugh the desert. I write this nw, nt just t mtivate myself t cntinue, but t remind myself that each new friend I make n this trip culd prvide materials fr my new bk. As I sit here, lking ut int an empty desert rad, I feel s thankful fr the friends I’ve made and s inspired by the experience f traveling.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分 37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
NGS (Natinal Gegraphic Sciety) websites cllect certain infrmatin autmatically and stre it in lg files. We use this infrmatin t help design ur site t better suit users’ needs. We may als use yur IP address t help diagnse prblems with ur server and t administer ur website, analyze trends, track visitr activity, and gather brad infrmatin that assists us in identifying visitr preferences.
● Ckies
Our site als uses ckies. Ckies are small text files that are stred n a user’s cmputer and allw websites t remember infrmatin abut users.
Yu have the chice t set yur brwser (浏览器) t accept r reject these ckies. Hwever, if yu d nt accept ckies frm us, yur ability t use sme areas f ur site will be limited.
● SMS Services
If yu sign up fr SMS Services, data btained frm yu in cnnectin with this SMS service may include yur mbile phne number, yur carrier’s name and the date, time and cntent f yur messages. We may use this infrmatin t cntact yu and prvide the services yu request frm us.
● Links t Websites Nt Owned by Natinal Gegraphic Sciety
If yu click n r interact with a hyperlink that yu find n the Services, including but nt limited t natinalgegraphic.cm, yu have left ur Services and are sending infrmatin t a different website r applicatin. Yu shuld read the terms and plicies f the third-party website prvider t see hw yur persnally identifiable infrmatin will be treated n its site.
21. Which f the fllwing will restrict yur full access t NGS websites?
A. Cnnecting thrugh the mbile phne.
B. Signing up fr SMS Services.
C. Refusing Ckies frm NGS.
D. Using yur IP address.
22. What will happen if yu click n a hyperlink nt limited t NGS services?
A. Yu will be still n NGS Services.
B. Yur infrmatin will be treated similarly.
C. Yur privacy will be let ut by NGS Services.
D. Yu are sending infrmatin t anther website r app.
23. What is this text abut?
A. Warning f a prject.B. Use f a website.
C. Intrductin t an item.D. Advertisement fr an app.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了NGS这个网站的使用。
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ckies部分中“Hwever, if yu d nt accept ckies frm us, yur ability t use sme areas f ur site will be limited.(但是，如果您不接受我们的ckie，您使用我们网站某些区域的能力将受到限制)”可知，如果拒绝接受NGS的某些ckie，访问将受限。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Links t Websites Nt Owned by Natinal Gegraphic Sciety部分“If yu click n r interact with a hyperlink that yu find n the Services, including but nt limited t natinalgegraphic.cm, yu have left ur Services and are sending infrmatin t a different website r applicatin(如果您点击服务(包括但不限于natinalgegraphic.cm)上的超链接或与之交互，则表示您已离开我们的服务，并将信息发送到另一个网站或应用程序)”可知，如果点击包括但不限于 NGS的超链接，就意味着您正在给另一个网站或程序发送信息。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，并结合● Ckies中“Yu have the chice t set yur brwser (浏览器) t accept r reject these ckies.(您可以选择设置浏览器接受或拒绝这些ckie)”，SMS Services中“If yu sign up fr SMS Services, data btained frm yu in cnnectin with this SMS service may include yur mbile phne number, yur carrier’s name and the date, time and cntent f yur messages.(如果您注册了SMS服务，则从您获得的与此SMS服务相关的数据可能包括您的移动电话号码、您的运营商名称以及您的短信的日期、时间和内容)”和Links t Websites Nt Owned by Natinal Gegraphic Sciety中“If yu click n r interact with a hyperlink that yu find n the Services, including but nt limited t natinalgegraphic.cm, yu have left ur Services and are sending infrmatin t a different website r applicatin.(如果您点击服务(包括但不限于natinalgegraphic.cm)上的超链接或与之交互，则表示您已离开我们的服务，并将信息发送到另一个网站或应用程序) ”可知，本文主要介绍了使用NGS这个网站时需要注意的事项。故选B。
B
It wasn’t until after I graduated frm cllege, and realized that there’s n such thing as all-encmpassing (包罗万象) knwledge, that I was able t read fr pleasure. A sense f curisity directed me and I started t see dictinaries as field guides t the life f language. Lking up wrds felt less like a failing than an admissin that there are lts f things I dn’t knw and an pprtunity t discver just hw many.
I prize my 1954 cpy f Webster’s New Internatinal Dictinary, Secnd Editin. I ften cnsult it, during evening games f Scrabble r midday magazine reading. When I cme acrss unfamiliar wrds while reading nvels, I lk them up. When I start encuntering these wrds elsewhere, the linguistic (语言的) universe seems t shrink t the size f a small twn.
Dictinaries heighten my senses: They direct my attentin int a cnversatin with language. They make me wnder what ther things I’m blind t because I haven’t taught myself t ntice them yet. Recently sptted examples include rrery, “a mechanical mdel, usually clckwrk, devised t represent the mtins f the mn and Earth (and smetimes als ther planets) arund the sun.” The Oxfrd English Dictinary (OED) als tells me that the wrd cmes frm the furth Earl f Orrery, fr whm a cpy f the first machine was made, arund 1700. Useful? Obviusly nt. Satisfying? Deeply.
Wikipedia and Ggle answer questins with mre questins, pening up pages yu never asked fr. But a dictinary builds n cmmn knwledge, using simple wrds t explain cmplex nes. Using ne feels as if I’m prying pen an yster (蚝) rather than falling dwn a rabbit hle. Why leave slvable mysteries up t guesswrk?
Fr me, dictinaries are a dr int that kind f uncalculated knwledge-seeking. They remind me that fllwing yur curisity instead f brushing it aside is ne f the best ways I knw t feel cnnected t mre than what’s right in frnt f yu.
24. What can we knw abut the authr?
A. He merely read fr fun befre graduatin.
B. He lnged t learn abut all knwledge.
C. He cnsidered dictinaries chances f enrichment.
D. He admitted being a failure when learning languages.
25. Why des the authr mentin the example f rrery in paragraph 3?
A. T intrduce a wrd.B. T indicate a finding.
C. T clarify a cncept.D. T supprt a statement.
26. What des the underlined part in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Encuntering new prblems.B. Entering a different wrld.
C. Acquiring essential cmmn sense.D. Simplifying tugh questins.
27. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing can best describe dictinaries?
A. Jaw-drpping.B. Eye-pening.
C. Mind-numbing.D. Labur-saving.
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，讲述了使用词典给作者带来的好处。
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Lking up wrds felt less like a failing than an admissin that there are lts f things I dn’t knw and an pprtunity t discver just hw many.(查单词与其说是一种失败，不如说是一种承认，我不知道的东西很多，而且有机会发现到底有多少)”可知，作者认为字典有丰富知识的机会。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They make me wnder what ther things I’m blind t because I haven’t taught myself t ntice them yet. Recently sptted examples include rrery, “a mechanical mdel, usually clckwrk, devised t represent the mtins f the mn and Earth (and smetimes als ther planets) arund the sun.”(它们让我怀疑还有什么东西是我视而不见的，因为我还没有教会自己去注意它们。最近发现的例子包括rrery：“一种机械模型，通常是发条装置，用来表示月球和地球(有时也包括其他行星)围绕太阳的运动。”)”可推知，作者在第3段提到了rrery的例子是为了支持一项声明。故选D。
【26题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wikipedia and Ggle answer questins with mre questins, pening up pages yu never asked fr. But a dictinary builds n cmmn knwledge, using simple wrds t explain cmplex nes.(维基百科和谷歌用更多的问题回答问题，打开你从未问过的页面。但是字典建立在常识的基础上，用简单的词来解释复杂的词)”可知，词典可以简洁的方式解释复杂的问题，而其他网站则以更多的问题来回答你的问题，没有达到解决的目的。由此可知falling dwn a rabbit hle 意指没有解决问题反而遇到新的问题。可知，故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fr me, dictinaries are a dr int that kind f uncalculated knwledge-seeking. They remind me that fllwing yur curisity instead f brushing it aside is ne f the best ways I knw t feel cnnected t mre than what’s right in frnt f yu.(对我来说，字典是一扇通往那种未经计算的求知之门。他们提醒我，跟随你的好奇心，而不是置之不理，是我所知道的最好的方式之一，让你觉得自己与眼前的事物有更多的联系)”可推知，词典丰富了知识，打开了作者的视野。故选B。
C
In 1986, King Charles suggested talking t plants, a thught initially mcked but nw supprted by evidence that plants can detect, react t, and ptentially prduce sund.
Since plants have been evlving alngside the insects fr hundreds f millins f years, Heidi Appel, a btanist and Reginald Ccrft, an entmlgist wndered if plants might be sensitive t the sunds made by insects. The researchers recrded the vibratins (声音震动) frm caterpillars (毛虫) as they chewed n leaves. Then the plants were expsed t the recrded vibratins while n caterpillars were actually present. The results were striking. Leaves that had been expsed had significantly higher levels f defensive chemicals, making them much harder fr the caterpillars t eat. The research may have practical cnsequences, such as using drnes armed with speakers t warn crps f pest threats, ffering an ec-friendly alternative t chemical pesticides.
Further studies by eclgist Mnica Gaglian reveal that plants, like pea plants, can “hear” water thrugh sund, with rts respnding t water-related vibratins even when the water is inaccessible. This finding culd have implicatins fr preventing damage t sewer (下水道) systems caused by plant rts. The assumptin had been that it was leaks that attracted the rts. The slutin, she says, might be t invest in pipes that are silent as water runs thrugh them.
Additinally, the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress, due t factrs like insufficient water r physical damage, make high-frequency sunds, which can be detected even in nisy envirnments. This pens pssibilities fr using micrphnes t mnitr plant health in agriculture, ptentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crp issues.
Despite sme questins remaining t be slved, these fascinating discveries cast new light n plants’ ability t perceive and respnd t sunds in their envirnment. Plants live in a wrld full f sunds due t human civilizatin, and it is wrth investigating this interesting aspect. Perhaps researchers might even seek funding frm King Charles.
28. What was the riginal reactin t King Charles’s suggestin?
A. Ambiguus.B. Favurable.
C. Indifferent.D. Oppsed.
29. What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead t?
A. Intrducing drnes with speakers t farmers.
B. Applying chemicals t enhance plant grwth.
C. Stimulating plants t release anti-pest chemicals.
D. Develping new types f prtective pesticides.
30. Why is emplying silent pipes suggested?
A. T reduce nise pllutin.
B. T prtect sewer systems.
C. T imprve water transprtatin.
D. T attract plant rts t accessible water.
31. Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the passage?
P: paragraph
A. B.
C. D.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍了植物不仅可以探测到声音，对声音做出反应，并可能产生声音。植物与声音相互关系的研究也为我们的生活提供了很多的实践价值。
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“King Charles suggested talking t plants, a thught initially mcked but nw supprted by evidence that plants can detect, react t, and ptentially prduce sund. (查尔斯国王建议与植物交谈，这一想法最初受到嘲笑，但现在有证据表明，植物可以探测到声音，对声音做出反应，并可能产生声音)”可知，人们最初对查尔斯的建议的态度是反对的，故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Leaves that had been expsed had significantly higher levels f defensive chemicals, making them much harder fr the caterpillars t eat. The research may have practical cnsequences, such as using drnes armed with speakers t warn crps f pest threats, ffering an ec-friendly alternative t chemical pesticides.(曾被暴露于毛虫咀嚼声音中的叶子含有更高水平的防御性化学物质，这使得毛虫更难吃到他们。这项研究可能产生实际的影响，比如使用配备扬声器的无人机来警告农作物害虫的威胁，为化学农药提供一种环保的替代品)”推知，Heidi和Reginald的研究可能导致的实际结果是刺激植物释放抗虫化学物质。故选C项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“This finding culd have implicatins fr preventing damage t sewer systems caused by plant rts. The assumptin had been that it was leaks that attracted the rts. The slutin, she says, might be t invest in pipes that are silent as water runs thrugh them. (这一发现可能对防止植物根系对下水道系统造成损害产生影响。此前的假设是滴水声吸引了植物根系。她说解决方法可能是投资当水流经时，保持静音的管道)”推知，应用静音管的目的是保护下水道系统。故选B项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。文章第一段总体概括植物可以探测到声音，对声音做出反应，并可能产生声音；第二、三、四段分别介绍了植物可以探测到声音、植物可以对声音做出反应、植物可以产生声音的三个实验。文章第五段总结概括这些发现为植物感知和响应环境声音的能力提供了新的视角。因此文章为总—分—总结构。故选C项。
D
The news is everywhere. We can’t stp cnstantly checking it n ur cmputer screens, but what is this ding t ur minds?
The news is cmmitted t laying befre us whatever is suppsed t be mst unusual and imprtant in the wrld: a snwfall in the trpics; a lve child fr the president; a set f cnjined (连体的) twins.
The news knws hw t perate its wn mechanics almst invisible and therefre hard t questin. It speaks t us in a natural unaccented vice, withut reference t its wn perspective. It fails t disclse that it des nt merely reprt n the wrld, but is instead cnstantly at wrk crafting a new planet in ur minds in line with its wn ften highly distinctive pririties.
Why d we, the audience, keep checking the news? Fear has a lt t d with it. After even a shrt perid f being cut ff frm news, ur anxiety has a habit f building up. We knw hw much is likely t g wrng and hw fast: an A380 may have its fuel line cracked and crash int the bay in flames, a virus frm an African bat may leap the species barrier and enter a crwded Japanese cmmuter train, investrs may pse a run n the currency and yet anther seemingly rdinary father may call a vilent end t the lives f his tw beautiful yung children.
The hum and rush f the news have flwed int ur deepest selves. What an achievement a mment f calm nw is, what a miracle the ability t fall asleep r t talk undistracted with a friend and what demanding discipline wuld be required t make us turn away frm the messy news and listen fr a day t nthing but the rain and ur wn thughts. We may need sme help with what the news is ding t us: with the envy and the terrr, with the excitement and the frustratin; with all that we’ve been tld and yet ccasinally suspect we may be better ff never having learned.
32. What des news ffer us accrding t the passage?
A. Its perating system.
B. Its preferred wrld.
C. Nrmal happenings wrldwide.
D. Objective pints f view.
33. Peple keep checking news because they are_______.
A. wrried abut lsing cntact with updates.
B. anxius abut building up a habit.
C. curius abut an African virus in Japan.
D. interested in strangers’ extrardinary lives.
34. Which f the fllwing statements will the writer apprve f?
A. Talking with a friend is remarkable.
B. Listening t natural sngs is abslutely impssible.
C. Preventing envy and terrr is realistic.
D. Staying clear f the media is beneficial.
35. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. News is transfrming ur lifestyle secretly.
B. News is becming a user’s manual.
C. News is filling us with grwing fear.
D. News is enriching ur life dramatically.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新闻正在引领人们的生活，成为用户指南。
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B
【32题详解】
细节理解题 根据第三段最后一句“It fails t disclse that it des nt merely reprt n the wrld, but is instead cnstantly at wrk crafting a new planet in ur minds in line with its wn ften highly distinctive pririties.”（它没有透露，它不仅报道世界，而且不断根据它自己非常独特的优先事项在我们的脑海中打造一个新的星球。）可知，新闻一直在我们的头脑中创造一个与它优选事项相一致的世界，由此可知，新闻提供给我们的是它更偏爱的世界。故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题 根据第四段第二句和第三句“Fear has a lt t d with it. After even a shrt perid f being cut ff frm news, ur anxiety has a habit f building up.”（恐惧与此有很大关系。即使是短暂的与新闻隔绝之后，我们的焦虑也会逐渐增加。）可知，人们因害怕不能知道最新消息而连续不断地刷新闻。故选A项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题 根据第五段中“What an achievement a mment f calm nw is, what a miracle the ability t fall asleep r t talk undistracted with a friend and what demanding discipline wuld be required t make us turn away frm the messy news and listen fr a day t nthing but the rain and ur wn thughts.”（现在能有片刻的平静是多么了不起的成就，能睡着或能不受干扰地与朋友交谈是多么了不起的奇迹，要让我们抛开纷乱的新闻，一整天只听淅淅沥沥的雨声和自己的思绪，这需要多么苛刻的纪律啊。）可知，人们的正常生活已经受到新闻的严重干扰，远离媒体是有好处的。故选D项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题 纵览全文，尤其是第三段“The news knws hw t perate its wn mechanics almst invisible and therefre hard t questin. It speaks t us in a natural unaccented vice, withut reference t its wn perspective. It fails t disclse that it des nt merely reprt n the wrld, but is instead cnstantly at wrk crafting a new planet in ur minds in line with its wn ften highly distinctive pririties.”（新闻知道如何运作自己的机制，几乎看不见，因此很难质疑。它以自然、不带口音的声音对我们说话，不考虑自己的观点。它没有透露，它不仅报道世界，而且不断根据它自己非常独特的优先事项在我们的脑海中打造一个新的星球。）可知，人们正在新闻的指引下生活，即新闻正在成为用户的指南。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tai Chi, a gentle martial art riginating frm China and invlving slw mvements with a fcus n breathing and n what yur bdy is ding in that mment, prvides numerus benefits fr bth physical and mental well-being. Here are five cnvincing reasns t bring Tai Chi int yur rutine.
●It’s easy n the bdy.
Tai Chi ffers gentle exercise suitable fr individuals f all ages and fitness levels. ____36____, as muscles remain relaxed withut any stretching r straining. It’s an exercise that can be easily adapted fr less able peple, including thse in wheelchairs.
●It culd prevent falls.
A review f studies cnducted in 2019 indicated that Tai Chi culd lwer the risk f falls amng lder peple. Certainly, the emphasis is n balance, with sideways and backwards mvements aiding in the strengthening f the muscles necessary fr stability. ____37____.
●It may bst brain pwer.
____38____. Research shws that practising Tai Chi n a regular basis can enhance cgnitive abilities in lder adults, bth thse with and withut memry issues. Given that it’s cnsidered safe and suitable fr the elderly, this is a definite win.
●____39____.
A reductin in stress and anxiety, alng with an increase in cnfidence, is anther mental health benefit f Tai Chi, as indicated by research findings, thugh further research is needed t cmprehensively understand and cnfirm these effects.
●Yu can d it at hme.
Attending classes can be beneficial fr receiving structured instructin and cnnecting with like-minded individuals. ____40____ , prviding an alternative fr practicing at hme. Yu’re bund t find ne that matches yur fitness level and exercise preferences. Practicing Tai Chi at hme can als ffer unparalleled cnvenience and flexibility.
A. It has the feel-gd factr
B. It can imprve heart health
C. The benefits aren’t just physical
D. But there are vides available nline t
E. They als imprve flexibility and spatial awareness
F. Its lw-impact nature minimizes the risk f jint injury
G. Yu can share experiences with these peple face-t-face
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍练习太极拳的五点好处。
【答案】36. F 37. E 38. C 39. A 40. D
【36题详解】
根据小标题“It’s easy n the bdy(它对身体来说很轻松)”可知，太极拳对身体不会造成过多的压力或负担，以及下一句“as muscles remain relaxed withut any stretching r straining(因为肌肉保持放松，没有任何拉伸或紧张的情况)”可知，本句是在解释太极拳不会对身体造成压力的原因。故F选项“它的低冲击力使得关节损伤的风险降到最低”符合语境。故选F。
【37题详解】
根据小标题 “It culd prevent falls.(它可以防止跌倒)”以及上文“Certainly, the emphasis is n balance, with sideways and backwards mvements aiding in the strengthening f the muscles necessary fr stability(当然，重点是平衡，侧向和向后的动作有助于加强稳定所必需的肌肉)”可知练习太极可以避免摔倒是因为该运动有助于加强稳定所必需的肌肉。而E选项“侧向和向后的动作还能提高灵活性和空间意识”是的另一个原因。其中als为语篇标志词，表示与上一句构成并列关系, they指代上句中的sideways and backwards mvements。故选E。
【38题详解】
根据后文“Research shws that practising Tai Chi n a regular basis can enhance cgnitive abilities in lder adults, bth thse with and withut memry issues. Given that it’s cnsidered safe and suitable fr the elderly, this is a definite win.(研究表明，定期练习太极可以提高老年人的认知能力，无论是有记忆问题还是没有记忆问题。考虑到它被认为是安全的，适合老年人，这是一个明确的胜利)”以及语篇结构可知，在练习太极的五个原因中，前两个是对身体健康的好处，从第三个开始讨论对心理健康的好处。C选项“好处不只是身体上的”指出太极拳的好处不仅仅局限于身体上的，也包括了心理方面的好处，起到了承接上下段的功能。故选C。
【39题详解】
根据本段内容“A reductin in stress and anxiety, alng with an increase in cnfidence, is anther mental health benefit f Tai Chi, as indicated by research findings, thugh further research is needed t cmprehensively understand and cnfirm these effects.(研究结果表明，减少压力和焦虑，增加信心，是太极拳对心理健康的另一个好处，尽管需要进一步的研究来全面了解和证实这些影响)”可知，该段谈论了太极拳对心理健康的好处，包括减轻压力和焦虑，增强自信心。因此，从逻辑上来说，该段标题应该强调太极拳对心理健康的积极影响。选项A “它让人感觉良好”符合语境。故选A。
【40题详解】
根据小标题 “Yu can d it at hme(你可以在家里练习太极)”以及上文“Attending classes can be beneficial fr receiving structured instructin and cnnecting with like-minded individuals.(参加课程对接受系统的指导和与志同道合的人联系是有益的)”和后文“prviding an alternative fr practicing at hme(为在家练习提供了另一种选择)”可知D选项“但是网上也有视频”符合要求。 这个选项提到了在线视频使得在家练习成为可能，与小标题提到的在家练习的内容相关，同时与前一句构成转折关系。此外，该段倒数第二句话中的ne指代D选项中的 “vide”。故选D。
第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Kim Stemple, a special-educatin teacher, faced terrible diseases during her stay in a Bstn hspital. While ____41____ with depressin in her hspital rm, Stemple received an unexpected present frm a friend: a medal.
Befre Stemple gt t sick t ____42____, she had been a marathn runner and the medal brught back her racing memries. It served as a much-needed pick-me-up, ____43____ her f the strength and perseverance she nce pssessed. ____44____, it wrked like a charm, and then sme, ____45____ her spirits and renewing her determinatin.
Inspired by this life-changing ____46____, Stemple began t think abut hw such a simple act culd bring hpe t thers ging thrugh ____47____ times. And frm this ____48____ f inspiratin, her charity, We Finish Tgether, was brn. This initiative ____49____ medals frm strangers — runners, dancers, swimmers, singers, and even spelling bee winners — and dnated them t individuals in need.
Part f the prcess ____50____ the dnr writing a persnalized nte n the ribbn, giving the recipient a unique ____51____ t smene wh cares. Indeed, fr thse wh were ____52____ in hspitals and battling health challenges, being presented with a medal and reading the warm ____53____ really made a big difference. It ____54____ a reminder that they were nt ____55____ in their struggles and that there was always supprt available t them.
41.
A. wrestling B. cmpeting C. quarreling D. parting
42.
A. live B. heal C. exercise D. recver
43.
A. cheating B. clearing C. breaking D. reminding
44.
A. Casually B. Desperately C. Temprarily D. Surprisingly
45.
A. explaining B. lifting C. discvering D. absrbing
46.
A. seasn B. plan C. experience D. slutin
47.
A. cmmn B. tugh C. pintless D. dangerus
48.
A. race B. game C. secret D. seed
49.
A. cllected B. assessed C. brrwed D. bught
50.
A. prmted B. insisted C. invlved D. shaped
51.
A. cnnectin B. barrier C. divisin D. cnflict
52.
A. trained B. stuck C. perated D. warned
53.
A. dcument B. message C. receipt D. gift
54.
A. threw away B. put dwn C. acted as D. drpped ut
55.
A. shy B. weak C. tired D. alne
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。这篇文章讲述了特殊教育老师Kim Stemple在波士顿医院与疾病斗争期间收到朋友赠送的一枚奖牌，这个简单的举动如何极大地鼓舞了她，并启发了她创立慈善机构“We Finish Tgether”来帮助那些经历困难时期的人们。
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. B 54. C 55. D
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当斯坦普尔在病房里与抑郁症作斗争时，她收到了一位朋友的意外礼物：一枚奖章。A. wrestling全力解决；B. cmpeting竞争；C. quarreling争吵；D. parting分别。根据前文“Kim Stemple, a special-educatin teacher, faced terrible diseases during her stay in a Bstn hspital.”可知，Stemple面临着可怕的疾病——抑郁症，所以应是与抑郁症作斗争。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在斯坦普尔病得无法锻炼之前，她曾是一名马拉松运动员，这枚奖牌唤起了她的比赛记忆。A. live生活；B. heal治愈；C. exercise锻炼；D. recver恢复。根据后文“she had been a marathn runner”可知，斯坦普尔是一名马拉松运动员，所以应是病得无法锻炼之前。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是她急需的提神剂，让她想起了自己曾经拥有的力量和毅力。A. cheating作弊；B. clearing清理；C. breaking损坏；D. reminding提醒。根据后文“her f the strength and perseverance she nce pssessed”结合选项，应是“让她想起了自己曾经拥有的力量和毅力”符合语境。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，这枚奖章像一种魔力一样发挥了作用，而且还发挥了一些作用，使她振作起来，重新下定决心。A. Casually随意地；B. Desperately拼命地；C. Temprarily暂时；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据后文“it wrked like a charm, and then sme, her spirits and renewing her determinatin.”可知，这句话像一种魔力一样发挥了作用，应是令人惊讶地。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，这枚奖章像一种魔力一样发挥了作用，而且还发挥了一些作用，使她振作起来，重新下定决心。A. explaining解释；B. lifting提高；C. discvering发现；D. absrbing吸收。根据前文“it wrked like a charm, and then sme”以及后文“renewing her determinatin”可知，这枚奖章像一种魔力一样发挥了作用，而且还发挥了一些作用，使她振作起来，重新下定决心。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：受到这次改变人生的经历的启发，斯坦普尔开始思考这样一个简单的行为如何能给那些正在经历艰难时期的人带来希望。A. seasn季节；B. plan计划；C. experience经历；D. slutin解决方案。根据上文可知，斯坦普尔得了抑郁症，但是一枚奖章让她重新振作，所以应是一次改变人生的经历。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到这次改变人生的经历的启发，斯坦普尔开始思考这样一个简单的行为如何能给那些正在经历艰难时期的人带来希望。A. cmmn常见的；B. tugh艰难的；C. pintless无意义的；D. dangerus危险的。根据前文“Kim Stemple, a special-educatin teacher, faced terrible diseases during her stay in a Bstn hspital.”可知，斯坦普尔经历了艰难的时期。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这个灵感的种子中，她的慈善机构“We Finish Tgether”诞生了。A. race比赛；B. game游戏；C. secret秘密；D. seed种子。根据后文“was brn”结合选项可知，应是从种子中诞生。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项倡议从陌生人那里收集奖牌——跑步者、舞者、游泳者、歌手，甚至是拼写比赛冠军——并将它们捐赠给需要的人。A. cllected收集；B. assessed评估；C. brrwed借；D. bught买。根据后文“dnated them t individuals in need.”可知，捐赠的前提是要先收集。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个过程的一部分包括捐赠者在彩带上写下个性化的留言，让接受者与关心他们的人有一个独特的联系。A. prmted促进；B. insisted坚持；C. invlved包含；D. shaped塑造。根据前文“Part f the prcess”可知，这个过程的一部分应是包括捐赠者在彩带上写下个性化的留言，符合语境。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个过程的一部分包括捐赠者在彩带上写下个性化的留言，让接受者与关心他们的人有一个独特的联系。A. cnnectin联系；B. barrier障碍；C. divisin部门；D. cnflict争执。根据前文“the dnr writing a persnalized nte n the ribbn”可知，捐赠者在彩带上写下个性化的留言，应是和接受者有一个独特的联系。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，对于那些被困在医院、与健康挑战作斗争的人来说，获得一枚奖牌、读到温暖的信息真的有很大的不同。A. trained培训；B. stuck困(于)；C. perated操作；D. warned警告。根据后文“battling health challenges”可知，与健康挑战作斗争的人应是被困在医院。故选B项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，对于那些被困在医院、与健康挑战作斗争的人来说，获得一枚奖牌、读到温暖的信息真的有很大的不同。A. dcument文件；B. message信息；C. receipt收据；D. gift礼物。根据前文“dnr writing a persnalized nte n the ribbn”可知，应是读到温暖的信息。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：它提醒人们，他们在斗争中并不孤单，他们总能得到支持。A. threw away扔掉；B. put dwn放下；C. acted as担任…角色；D. drpped ut退出。根据后文“a reminder”可知，应是“担任提醒者的角色”符合语境。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它提醒人们，他们在斗争中并不孤单，他们总能得到支持。A. shy害羞的；B. weak虚弱的；C. tired疲倦的；D. alne孤独。根据后文“that there was always supprt available t them”可知，他们总能得到支持，所以他们在斗争中并不孤单。故选D项。
第二节（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last year, Chinese frm far-ff cities flcked t Rngjiang Cunty t watch an amateur village ftball super league, the VSL, r, CunCha. There was an audience f 50,000 nce ____56____ (attract) t just ne game, with millins mre watching n Weib and Duyin.
Ftball in Rngjiang Cunty has a time-hnred histry, ____57____ (date) back t the 1940s. Back then, villagers made appintments t “play ftball tgether,” which culd happen n any surface — whether it was n a grassland ____58____ n a cncrete curtyard. At present, Rngjiang Cunty has 14 standard ftball fields, all f ____59____ pen fr free. Every village has ____60____ (it) wn team r even teams, with ver 1000 players registered in the cunty. Let’s “play ftball tgether,”— a line villagers have ____61____ (repeat) said fr ver eight decades, has taken n an evlving implicatin with time.
The league’s cultural ____62____ (diverse) is anther draw. During breaks in the matches, perfrmances like the grand sng f the Dng ethnic grup, and the Lusheng dance f the Mia ethnic grup were n shw just n the pitch with their traditinal ethnic cstumes ____63____.
Peple’s hpes fr the ____64____ (harmny) cuntryside as well as the vigr f rural life _____65_____(bring) ut t the fullest n this CunCha game.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了榕江县的足球比赛吸引了中国许多观众前往观看。
【答案】56. attracted 57. dating 58. r 59. which 60. its 61. repeatedly 62. diversity 63. n 64. harmnius 65. have been brught##are brught
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一场比赛曾经吸引了5万名观众，而在微博和抖音上观看的观众则有数百万人。分析句子结构可知attract与逻辑主语audience构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填attracted。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：榕江县的足球历史悠久，可以追溯到20世纪40年代。此处date与逻辑主语histry构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填dating。
【58题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：那时，村民们约定“一起踢足球”，这可以在任何地面上进行——无论是在草地上还是在混凝土庭院上。此处为句型whether…r…表示“无论是……还是……”。故填r。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：目前，榕江县拥有14个标准足球场，全部免费开放。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词14 standard ftball fields，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。
【60题详解】
考查代词。句意：每个村庄都有自己的一只球队，甚至是多只球队，在该县注册的球员超过1000人。修饰名词team应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
【61题详解】
考查副词。句意：让我们“一起踢足球”，这是村民们80多年来反复说的一句话，随着时间的推移，这句话的含义也在不断变化。修饰动词said应用副词repeatedly，故填repeatedly。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意：联盟的文化多样性是另一个吸引人的地方。作主语应用名词diversity，根据后文is可知为单数。故填diversity。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：比赛间歇，就在球场上上演侗族壮歌、苗族芦笙舞等民族传统服饰表演。此处表示“穿着……服饰”应用with sth. n。故填n。
【64题详解】
考查形容词。句意：人们对和谐乡村的向往和乡村生活的活力在村巢游戏中得到了充分的体现。修饰名词cuntryside应用形容词harmnius，故填harmnius。
【65题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：人们对和谐乡村的向往和乡村生活的活力在村巢游戏中得到了充分的体现。主语与i谓语构成被动关系，此处可用现在完成时的被动语态，表示过去的动作对现在产生影响；也可用一般现在时的被动语态，表示陈述事实，主语为Peple’s hpes，谓语用复数。故填have been brught/are brught。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节. （满分15分）
66. 你校近期对学生参加家务劳动的情况做了一份调查，请根据下表中调查结果给学校英文报社写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 劳动状况描述;
2. 原因分析；
3. 你的建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 按如下格式作答，题目已为你写好。
Husewrk, Our Respnsibility
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【答案】范文
Husewrk, Our Respnsibility
Recently, a survey n students' participatin in husewrk has been cnducted in ur schl, revealing that nly 18% f students regularly engage in husewrk, with 17% ding s ccasinally, and 65% nt participating at all.
Sme reasns are likely t take respnsibility fr this situatin. Firstly, the busy schedules ften leave students with little free time. Besides, parents may nt expect their children t assist with husewrk, further reducing the chances f student participatin.
Persnally, fr students, it’s imprtant t d regular husewrk, which can nt nly help them learn life skills and appreciate parents' effrts but als develp a sense f respnsibility and independence. And Schls and parents shuld encurage regular participatin in husewrk t help students grw int respnsible individuals.
第二节 （满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One bright Saturday mrning, Mali and her mm walked arund the neighburhd. That is, her mm walked, but Mali ran, skipped, jumped ver puddles and visited the neighburs’ dgs. Mali paused t lk at the budding (发芽) trees n her blck. “I can’t wait until summer,” she said, “especially fr Mrs. Fair’s great tmates at her market stand.” She pinted.
Mali’s mm std lking at the empty lt where the market was set up every summer weekend. She lked at Mali, “Hney, Mrs. Fair tld me last week that she had t clse her stand. She’s really getting t ld t run it anymre.”
Mali turned, stared, and put her hands n her waist. “But Mrs. Fair’s stand can’t clse!” she said. “It’s the nly place in the neighburhd we can buy fresh, delicius tmates.” Then she added, t shw she wasn’t being selfish, “Everyne needs fruits and vegetables fr a healthy diet.”
After they gt hme, Mali headed ut t her backyard swing t think. “If nly I culd plant a garden,” she thught. “but ur yard is way t small.” Just then, she nticed her neighbur, Mr. Taylr, lking at his daffdils. Mali knew he was thinking abut hw he had planted thse flwers with his wife. This was the first spring since his wife had died, and Mali saw the sadness n his face. Then she had an idea.
Mali cleared her thrat, and Mr. Taylr lked up. Mali decided t walk ver t the fence. “Hi, Mr. Taylr,” she said. He waved, and turned away. “Wait!” Mali cried. Taking a risk while she still felt brave, she rushed t gather her thughts. “Mr. Taylr, Mrs. Fair isn’t ding her tmat stand anymre because she’s getting ld. S I’d like t grw tmates. I dn’t want t get in the way f yur flwers, but I really want tmates.”
Suddenly, Mr. Taylr smiled. “Mali, I’m nt sure what yu’re talking abut, but yu’ve made me smile. Reasns t smile have been scarce lately. What d yu want t d?” Mali repeated, “I wanted t plant tmates, but I have n big land.” She sunded a little awkward.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just then, an idea came t Mr. Taylr.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When the fruit ripened, there were mre juicy, red tmates than even Mali culd have imagined.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Just then, an idea came t Mr. Taylr. “Hw abut if I make yu a lan? I’ll let yu use a plt f land in my yard. When yur garden starts t prsper, yu can repay me with a few tmates.” On hearing that, Mali ndded her head withut the slightest hesitatin. The tw shk hands n this deal. The next day, Mali bught sme tmat plants with all her pcket mney. Mr. Taylr taught Mali hw t prepare the sil and place the plants. Finally, Mali was instructed t place stakes in the grund t help hld the plants up. Mr. Taylr explained, “Once the tmat cmes, the heavy fruit makes the branches bend.” Then all they culd d was water and pull weeds regularly, waiting in eager anticipatin fr the tasty fruit.
When the fruit ripened, there were mre juicy, red tmates than even Mali culd have imagined. “There is n way I can eat all these,” she realized. On Saturday, Mali and Mr. Taylr carried several crates f ripe tmates t the market, and by the day’s end they had sld them all. Nt nly did Mali get back the mney she invested, but she als made a prfit f twenty dllars. Remembering the lan, she handed the nte t Mr. Taylr. “This is the wage yu have earned,” Mr. Taylr said sftly. The bright and diligent girl beamed and suggested, “Maybe yu can sell sme f yur daffdils and we can run a market stand tgether.” What a gd idea! Picturing a garden f fragrant flwers and fruitful plants, and mre imprtantly, the smiles n peple’s faces when they get thse, they started lking frward t the next summer.