高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters教课内容课件ppt

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters教课内容课件ppt，共38页。PPT课件主要包含了rescue ，affect，shelter n，名词动化 vt ，随堂检测，rescue，shelter等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本单元词汇梳理1. disaster：词块：a natural disaster2. slide：一词多义：基本义“滑动”；名词“滑梯” 熟词生义：幻灯片 3. fld：隐喻：具体的“洪水”到抽象的“大量 / 大批” 名词动词化（基本义“像洪水一样涌入”）4. rescue：近义词save 词块：rescue wrkers, cme t sb’s rescue, rescue sb frm 5. damage：精准的汉语释义“损害；损坏” 词块：cause / d damage t
6. destry：de- (dwn 向下) + struere (build 建，同structure) → 破坏建筑的结构 → 毁坏 精准的汉语释义“毁坏” 7. evacuate：ex- (ut 向外) + vacuus (empty 空的) → 疏散8. helicpter：拓展plane, aerplane, airplane, aircraft9. death：词族：die, dead, death, dying 词块：be bred / scared / frightened t death10. affect：熟词生义：使感动；使感染 (疾病)11. shelter：一词多义：基本义“提供保护的建筑” 词块：take shelter frm；抽象名词具体化 名词动词化：shelter … frm
damage, destry,ruin
affect, effect
fld ■ n [C] & [U] 洪水；水灾：The river was in fld. Plice have issued fld warnings.  [C] 大批；大量：flds f rain A simple click can bring us a fld f music, mvies and PC games. 2009 江苏
■ v➊ vi & vt (被) 淹没；(使) 泛滥：Heavy rainfalls flded the village.  vi (洪水般地) 涌进 (pur)：Individual e-mail bxes are smetimes flded with spam e-mails. 2010 陕西改When we visited my ld family hme, memry came flding back. 2009 辽宁► flded adj 洪水泛滥的► flding n [U] 水灾；洪水泛滥
■ vt 营救：She was rescued frm a burning building. ■ n [U] & [C] 救援；营救：cme t sb’s rescue Sme f the rescue wrkers and dctrs were trapped under the ruins.
辨析damage, destry, ruin
damage和destry可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。
➊ [U] 损害；损坏；损失 harm r injury causedwhen sth is brken r spiled： He was hit by a car and suffered serius brain damage. d / cause damage tThe prblem is clear: man has dne great damage t his hme ver the years. 2008 全国 [C] [复数] 损害赔偿金：He was rdered t pay damages f $30,000.
damage n
■ 损害；损坏：(名词动化）Dn’t damage yur health fr a gd figure.
damage vt
➊ 毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 t damage sth s badly that it can n lnger be used r n lnger exists：The building was cmpletely destryed by fire.
destry vt
 消灭；杀死：The dg attacked a child and had t be destryed.
侧重 “毁”，无法修复
destry = de- (dwn) + struere (build) 破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑
“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？
The rain ruined my hair.
头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。
在这里，理解英语释义也很重要。· destry: t damage sth s badly that it can n lnger be used r n lnger exists· ruin: t damage sth s badly that it lses all its value, pleasure, etc.
➊ 糟蹋；(完全地) 毁坏 t damage sth s badly that it lses all its value, pleasure, etc.：Dn’t let a small disagreement ruin yur friendship. 使破产 t make sb lse all his / her mney：If she lses the curt case it will ruin her. n➊ [U] 毁灭；破产：the ruin f civilizatin financial ruin  [C] [常用复数] 废墟；遗迹；残余：the ruins f Rme
in ruins 成废墟；严重受损：In fifteen terrible secnds a large city lay in ruins.
意大利的古罗马废墟 (the ruins f Rme)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage, destry和ruin。◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriusly等副词搭配；◆ destry 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和cmpletely、entirely等副词搭配；◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此 物仍然存在。
头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destry）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
 影响 t influence sb / sth：(基本义）With the gvernment’s aid, thse (wh were) affected by the earthquake have mved t the new settlements. 2009 上海改
affect vt
 [常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动： She was deeply affected by the stry.
 使感染 (疾病) t attack sb r a part f the bdy; t make sb becme ill / sick：Diseases affect almst everyne at sme time during their lives.
affect 语义网络图
affect影响基本义
effect R3 n [C] & [U] 结果；效应；作用；影响：greenhuse effect It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring abut. 2010 浙江Glbal warming is having a great effect n hundreds f plant and animal species arund the wrld. 2012 四川bring / put ... int effect 实施；实行in effect 在实施中；有效：Sme laws frm the eighteenth century are still in effect.  实际上；事实上：“Have a nice day” is a wnderful phrase, reminding us, in effect, t enjy the mment.
词汇拓展► effective R3 adj 有效的 反 ineffective ；生效的：take effective measures / steps The mre I understd fish, the mre I became effective at finding and catching them. 2015 广东► effectively adv 有效地► effectiveness n [U] 有效性
take effect 生效 (cme int effect)；起作用：These measures are just beginning t take effect.
affect / effect affect（动词）= t have an influence n sb / sth；影响某人 / 某事： Des televisin affect children’s behaviur?  effect（名词）= result, influence；作用；影响： Des televisin have an effect n children’s behaviur?
 [C] 遮盖物；躲避处；避难所：（暂时性）We shuld find a shelter frm the wind.Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed.
 [U] 居所；住处：Fd, clthing, fuel and shelter are the fur mst basic human needs. 2011 湖北改
 [U] 保护；掩蔽；庇护：find / take shelter frm the rain They were standing under the shelter f a huge tree.
 掩蔽；保护：Graduatin represents mving frm the sheltered life f high schl int the real wrld.
shelter ... frm:Trees were planted t shelter this area frm strng sand strms.
 vi 躲避；避难：We sat in the shade, sheltering frm the sun.
shelter 的语义网络
为人们提供长期遮风避雨的地方
为人们提供暂时的遮风避雨或避难的地方
提供保护的建筑物(基本义)
现代英语中很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。其中有一类是表示地点或场所的名词转化为动词。读下面的句子，体会画线词的含义：As sn as I had parked the car, I rushed int the bank. 2008 北京These cttages nce hused early settlers as they wrked the dry Mntana sil. 2014 浙江A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh had been trapped in the muntains fr tw days. 2018 北京I was wrapped (包裹) heavily and well sheltered frm the freezing and blwing weather. 2014 四川 I had rmed with him in New Haven when we were bth at Yale Law Schl.
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1. Every year a fld f farmers arrive in Shenzhen fr the mney-making jbs. (2010 福建) ___________2. Fd supplies in the fld-stricken area are running ut. We must act immediately befre there’s nne left. (2012 重庆) ___________3. The rain caused the streets t fld and the subway system almst came t a stp. (2008 山东) ___________4. Dnatins began flding in frm hundreds f peple. (2017 天津) ___________
汉译英。1. 救援人员 ______________________2. 营救某人 (n) ______________________ 3. 营救行动 ______________________ 4. 从……中救出某人 (v) ______________________
rescue wrkers
cme t sb’s rescue
rescue effrt / peratin / attempt
rescue sb frm
1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall. 2. The building was cmpletely ______________ by fire.3. It pured with rain and my dress gt ______________ 4. This illnesss has _____________ my life.5. Ninety percent f their island was _____________ and they had nthing. (2012 山东)6. The hmeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake.
一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
damage, destry, ruin
1. The bad weather __________________ (毁了我们的旅行). 2. T much packaging is ______________________________ (对……造成严重损坏) the envirnment. (2010 山东) 3. A number f paintings in this castle are believed t ___________________(被毁掉) in a fire in 2009. (2011 湖北完成句子)
二、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。
ding / causing serius damage t
have been destryed
ruined ur trip
一、根据句意选出 affect 的最佳释义。__________ 1. Welch examined a sick by, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly disease mainly affecting children. (2016 北京改)__________ 2. With the gvernment’s aid, thse affected by the earthquake have mved t the new settlements. (2009 上海改)__________ 3. I was deeply affected by the film.
① 影响 ② [常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动 ③ 使感染 (疾病)
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。1. Glbal warming is _____________________ (对……产生巨大的影响) hundreds f plant and animal species arund the wrld. (2012 四川)2. The cnvenience even leads fewer peple t take public transprt — an unwelcme __________________ (副作用) researchers have already fund in ride-hailing (叫车) services. (2018 北京)3. Accrding t the recent research, heavy cffee drinking and heart attack is nt necessarily __________________ (因果关系).4. Few laws are s effective that yu can see results just days after they __________________ (生效). (2009 山东)
having a great effect n
side effect
cause and effect
take effect
三、选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。(affect, effect)1. I tried t persuade him, but with little r n ____________.2. When I was 50, my weight prblem began t ____________ me seriusly. (2017 天津改)
一、英译汉。1. t take shelter frm the strm ______________________ 2. fd and shelter ______________________ 3. a hmeless shelter ______________________二、汉译英。1. 备受呵护的生活 ______________________2. 动物收容所 ______________________ 3. 在……的庇护下 ______________________ 4. 躲避…… (n) ______________________
under the shelter f
take shelter frm
a well / very sheltered life
an animal shelter
三、根据提示完成下列句子。1. He is trying t __________________________ (庇护他弟弟不受责备). (v)2. I was dressed heavily and _________________________ (在寒风凛冽的天气里受到了很好的庇护). (freezing and blwing) (2014 四川阅读改)3. He ____________________________ (避雨) under a bridge.
shelter his brther frm blame
well sheltered frm the freezing and blwing weather
fund / tk shelter frm the rain 或 sheltered frm the rain