2022年高中英语Unit4GlobalWarming分词用法详解学案新人教版选修6高二

这是一份2022年高中英语Unit4GlobalWarming分词用法详解学案新人教版选修6高二，共4页。
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
【例如】
Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy. Using what yu knw f wrd stems and wrd frmatins, yu can make a guess at the meaning f a new wrd.
The students went ut f the classrm, laughing and talking. Accmpanied by his friend, he went t the railway statin. Given better attentin, the plants culd grw better.
He lked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news f his mthers illness.
分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
【例如】
Nt having enugh hands, we turned t them fr help.(we dn’t have enugh hands).
____the earth t be flat, many feared that Clumbus wuld fall ff the edge.
A)Havings believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.
N matter hw frequently ____, the wrks f Beethven always attract large audiences.
A) perfrming B) perfrmed C) t be perfrmed D) being perfrmed
本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
____as it was at such a time, his wrk attracted much attentin.
A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) T be published
本句中as引导的是让步状语从句，意思为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版，还是引起了关注，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
2)“while ( when, nce, until, if , thugh等连词)＋分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, nce, althugh, until, if等连词。
【例如】
When leaving the airprt, she waved again and again t us. While waiting fr the train, I had a lng talk with my sister abut her wrk.
Once recvered, he threw himself int his wrk and made every effrt t d it well.
Althugh wrking very hard, he failed t pass the final exam. If translated wrd by wrd, the passage will be difficult t understand.
3)分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
【例如】
We will g n with ur experiment as sn as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day t all f us!
We can see the part f the mn lighted by sunlight.
Mre and mre develping cuntries established strategic partnership with develped cuntries.
The yung sitting between my sister and my brther is my cusin Jack..
As early as 1649 Ohi made a decisin that free, tax-supprted schls must be established in every twn ____50 husehlds r mre.
A) having B) t have C) t have had D) having had
后面由分词做定语，而且twn本身有50或以上人家，故twn与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词，答案为A。
4)分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, bserve, ntice, feel, find,
glimpse, glance等感官动词和lk at, listen t等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch,
leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。
【例如】
On the tp f the hill, we culd see smke rising frm the chimneys in the village.
The little by sat beside the railway line and watched the trains raring by.
We shuld nt leave him wndering what he shuld d.
I am srry t have kept yu waiting fr such a lng time.
I caught him dzing ff in class.
过去分词可以在allw, ask, cnsider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, bserve, rder, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。
【例如】
After my encunter with her, I fund myself greatly shaken. Yu shuld keep her infrmed f what is ging n here. The teacher expected the students well prepared fr the examinatin.
在动词see, hear, feel, watch, ntice，perceive，bserve, listen t, lk at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。
【例如】
I saw Mr. White get ff a bus.
I saw Mr. White lking int a shp windw.
——D yu hear smene kncking at the dr?
——Yes, I did. I heard him knck three times.
5)分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。
【例如】
The film “Pearl Harbr” is really exciting. I am excited abut it.
His respnse t the questin was quite disappinting. I felt disappinted at his respnse