高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world当堂检测题
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world当堂检测题,共24页。
1.呈现教材原文例句,重视词汇在语境中的运用。
2.词汇用法讲解紧扣新课标和新考纲,深度和广度适中,条理清晰,系统完整。
3.精选高考真题例句、词典例句和时文例句,例句具有典型性和示范性。
4.展示高考真题,揭示高考命题角度和思路。
5.适合高一学生同步使用以及高三学生总复习使用。
Bk 1
Unit 5
1.billin / ˈbɪljən / n. 十亿
Hw many billin peple speak the UN' s fficial languages as their native r secnd language? 有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二门语言?(P60)
They have spent billins f dllars n the prblem .
他们花了几十亿美元解决这个问题。
【拓展】
表数量的词的用法
2.native / ˈneɪtɪv /
adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的
Native English speakers can understand each ther even if they dn’t speak the same kind f English. 以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲不是同一种英语,他们也能彼此听懂。
China is ur native cuntry, and Chinese is ur native language.
中国是我们的祖国,汉语是我们的母语。
Australians are prud f their native wildlife. 澳大利亚人为他们的野生动物感到骄傲。
be native t... 原产于某地
The panda is native t China. 大熊猫产于中国。
n.本地人
a native f 当地人/产于……的动/植物
He is a native f Beijing. 他是北京人。
3.attitude / ˈætɪtju:d ; NAmE 'ætitu:d/ n. 态度;看法
What is the attitude f the speaker twards freign language learning? 演讲者对外语学习的态度是什么?(P60)
Beauty is an attitude. It has nthing t d with age. 美是一种态度,与年龄无关。
a psitive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度
Remember, keep a psitive attitude and gd things will happen.
记住:保持乐观的心态,好事自然会发生。
an attitude t /twards 对… ...的态度
We shuld develp a gd attitude t/twards life. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度。
4.reference / ˈrefrəns / n. 指称关系;参考
She made n reference t her illness but nly t her future plans.
她没有提到她的病,只说了她未来的计划。
I wrte dwn the name f the htel fr future reference.
我记下了这家酒店的名字,以后也许用得着。
reference bks参考书
There are several reference bks t help yu make yur chice.
有几本参考书帮你作出选择。
5.refer/ rɪˈfɜ:(r) / (referred , referred , referring)
vi.提到;参考;查阅
refer t 指的是;描述;提到;查阅
Prnuns (it, they, she, etc.) refer t smething r smebdy mentined earlier.
代词(it, they, she, etc.)指前面提到的某物或某人。(P60)
Pay attentin t the cntext f wrds t help yu understand what the prnuns refer t. 注意单词的上下文,帮助你理解代词指代什么。(P60)
In his speech, he referred t a recent trip t Canada. 他在讲演中提到了前不久的加拿大之行。
That remark des nt refer t her. 那句话不是指她说的。
Dn't refer t the matter again. 不要再提这件事了.
Yu may refer t yur ntes if yu want. 如果需要,可以查阅笔记。
refer t a dictinary 查词典
Refer t the dictinary when yu dn't knw hw t spell a wrd.
当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时,查阅一下词典.
vt.查询;叫……求助于
Fr further details I refer yu t my secretary. 详情请问我的秘书。
6.system / ˈsɪstəm / n.体系;制度;系统
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
汉语书写系统:连接过去和现在(P62)
slar system 太阳系
a transprt system 运输系统
educatinal system教育体制
ecsystem生态系统
Peple think that there are many shrtcmings in ur educatinal system.
人们认为我们的教育制度有很多缺陷。
The glbal warming will surely influence the ecsystem. 全球变暖一定会影响生态系统。
As the public transprt system can't satisfy peple's needs, many peple turn t private cars.
因为公共交通系统不能满足人们的需求,许多人转向了私家车。
7.civilisatin [NAmE -izatin] /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn / n. 文明;文明世界
China is widely knwn fr its ancient civilisatin which has cntinued all the way thrugh int mdem times, despite the many ups and dwns in its histry. 中国以其古老的文明而闻名,它一直延续到现代,尽管在历史上有许多起起伏伏。(P62)
Athens, the capital f Greece, is knwn as the birthplace f western civilisatin.
雅典是希腊的首都,作为西方文明的发源地而文明。
The Yangtze is ne f the mther rivers f Chinese civilisatin. 长江是中华文明的母亲河之一。
【拓展】
(1)civilize / ˈsɪvəlaɪz / vt. 使文明;使开化;启发
Knwledge can civilize peple. 知识能够使人有教养。
The wild child fund in the frest was gradually civilized
在森林里发现的野孩子逐渐被开化了。
(2)civilized /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/ adj. 文明的;有教养的
A unified writing system is cnsidered t be an imprtant part f civilised sciety.
统一的书写系统被认为是文明的重要组成部分。(P63)
Many vlunteers are playing an active part in making Jinan a civilized city.
许多志愿者正为济南建设文明城市发挥积极作用。
He was very kind and civilized. 他非常和蔼可亲,十分文雅。
8.despite / dɪˈspaɪt / prep. 即使;尽管
despite the many ups and dwns in its histry 尽管在历史上有许多起起伏伏(P62)
Despite all these differences, lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits.
尽管有这些差异,生活方式变化可能在影响法国的饮食习惯。
Despite applying fr hundreds f jbs, he is still ut f wrk.
尽管他申请了数百个工作,但仍然在失业中。
despite the fact that… 尽管……
She was gd at physics despite the fact that she fund it bring.
尽管她认为物理枯燥无味,她却学得很好。
despite /in spite f(ding)sth = althugh/thugh+从句 尽管……
He always did well at schl despite /in spite f ding part-time jbs every nw and then.
= He always did well at schl althugh/thugh he did part-time jbs every nw and then.
尽管偶尔做兼职,他在学校总是学习成绩很好。
【注意】
despite 和in spite f是介词,其后接名词或动名词做宾语,而althugh/thugh是连词,其后要接句子,引导让步状语从句。
9.ups and dwns 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
When life gets hard and yu want t give up, remember that life is full f ups and dwns, and withut the dwns, the ups wuld mean nthing. 当生活很艰难,你想要放弃的时候,请记住,生活充满了起起落落,如果没有低谷,那站在高处也失去了意义。
The relatinship between China and America has seen ups and dwns in the past fifty years.
在过去的50年里,中美两国关系跌宕起伏。
10. factr / ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素;要素
There are many reasns why this has been pssible but ne f the main factrs has been the Chinese writing system . 这种可能是有很多原因的,但主要因素之一是汉语书写系统。(P62)
Physical activity is an imprtant factr in keeping healthy.
进行体育活动是保持身体健康的一个重要因素。
Knwledge is ne f the imprtant factrs fr a cuntry's develpment.
知识是一个国家发展的重要因素之一。
11. base /beɪs/
vt. 以...为据点;以为基础
base… n/upn
be based n/upn以……为基础;以……为根据
I based my pinin n facts. = My pinin was based n facts. 我的看法是以事实为根据的。
Their marriage was based n lve and respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。
Questins 16 t 18 are based n the passage yu have just read. 第16到18个问题来源于你刚刚读过的这段文章。
n. 底部;根据 ;基础
the ecnmic base 经济基础
Plants are the base f the fd chain. 植物处于食物链的最底层。
12.based /beist/ 以(某事)为基础的; 以……为重要部分(或特征)的
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.
起初,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。(P62)
a Chicag-based cmpany 总部设在芝加哥的公司
【注意】
直接可以用based n… 作定语或状语。
His uncle is ging t make a film based n his stry in his childhd.
我的叔叔打算拍一部以他的童年故事为基础的电影。
Based n a true stry, the film deeply mved us.
以一个真实的故事为基础,这部影片深深打动了我们。
【拓展】
basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的;首要的
The basic frms f the English writing system are knwn as letters.
英语书写系统的基本形式是字母。(P63)
Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. 毕竟,睡眠是非常基本的需要。
Basic skills f reading and writing are needed in cmmunicatin. 沟通中需要基本的读写技能。
basic educatin基础教育
13.date back t ... 追溯到 (= date frm…)
It dates back several thusand years t the use f lnggu ...
它可以追溯到数千年前龙骨的使用... ... (P62)
Oxfrd and Cambridge date back t the thirteenth century.
牛津和剑桥的历史可追溯到十三世纪。
What time can the marathn date back t? 马拉松可以追溯到何时?
Our schl dates frm the 1950s. 我们的学校创办于20世纪 50 年代。
【注意】
date back t ... / date frm… 不用于进行时,也不用于被动语态中,但可以用现在分词形式作定语。
My family has a vase dating back t the Ming Dynasty.
我家有个花瓶是从明代传下来的。
14.bne / bəʊn / n. 骨头;骨(质 )
bnes and shells n which symbls were carved by ancient Chinese peple.
中国古代人在动物骨骼和贝壳上雕刻符号。(P62)
Many passengers suffered brken bnes in the accident. 在事故中许多乘客骨折。
This fish has a lt f bnes in it. 这种鱼多刺。
15.shell /ʃel / n.壳;壳状物
We cllected shells n the beach. 我们在海滩拾贝壳。
16. symbl / ˈsɪmbl / n. 符号;象征
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbls had becme a well-develped writing system .
到商朝,这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写体系。(P62)
What is the chemical symbl fr cpper? 铜的化学符号是什么?
Red is a clr lved by mst Chinese peple because it is a symbl f gd luck and jy.
红色是大多数中国人喜爱的颜色因为它是好运和喜庆的象征。
The elephant is ne f the Thailand’s symbls. 大象是泰国的象征之一。
They never cut up the ndles because the lng ndles are a symbl f lng life. 他们从不切断面条,因为长面条是长寿的象征。
【拓展】
symblise /'sɪmbəlaɪz/ vt. 象征,作为…的象征
Many Chinese characters symblise their meaning.
许多汉字象征着它们的意义。(P63)
What des this strange mark symblise? 这个奇怪的符号象征什么?
Mickey Muse symblises American culture. 米老鼠是美国文化的象征。
17.carve / kɑ:v / vt. & vi 雕刻
They carved their names n the desk. 他们把自己的名字刻在书桌上。
The wd had been carved int the shape f a flwer. 木头雕成了花朵状。
We carve and paint and we enjy what is carved and painted.
我们从事雕刻和绘画,我们也欣赏雕刻和绘画作品.
18.dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; ' dai-/ 王朝;朝代
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbls had becme a well-develped writing system .
到商朝,这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写体系。(P62)
the Ming Dynasty vase 明朝的花瓶
The Tang Dynasty made Chang'an its capital. 唐代建都长安。
19.variety /vəˈraɪətɪ/ n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
was a time when peple were divided gegraphically, leading t many varieties f dialects and characters. ... ...那是一个中国人在地理上是分裂时期,导致了多种方言和文字。(P62)
a variety f = varieties f = varius 多种多样的;各种各样的
China has a variety f / varieties f / varius plants. 中国有着品种繁多的植物。
I decided t leave Lndn fr a variety f / varieties f / varius reasns.
由于种种原因,我决定离开伦敦。
20. majr / ˈmeɪdʒə(r) /
adj.主要的;重要的;大的
Emperr Qinshihuang united the seven majr states int ne unified cuntry.
秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家。(P62)
Obesity is a majr risk factr in many diseases. 肥胖是引发多种疾病的重要因素。
Several majr cmpanies are supprting the prject. 几家大公司正在对这一项目提供资助。
n.主修课程;主修学生
Whether they are interested is the main cncern f students when they chse a majr?
学生在选择专业时,是否感兴趣是他们最关心的事。
Her majr is French. 她的专业课是法语。
She's a French majr. 她是法语专业的学生。
vi.主修;专门研究
majr in 主修……学科
She majred in Histry at Stanfrd. 她在斯坦福主修历史。
【拓展】
majrity / məˈdʒɒrəti/n. 多数;大部分
The majrity f peple prefer TV t radi.
大多数人都喜欢看电视多于听收音机。
In the nursing prfessin, wmen are in a/the majrity .
女性在护理行业中占大多数。
21.n matter where, wh, what, etc. 不论……;不管……
Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak, they can all still cmmunicate in writing. 即使是今天,无论中国人住在哪里, 说什么方言,他们都能通过书写(文字)进行交流。(P62)
N matter where yu g in life r hw ld yu get, there's always smething new t learn abut.不管你生活在哪里,你有多少岁,总有新东西要学习。
【用法讲解】
“n matter+疑问词” 引导让步状语从句,意为“不管……,无论……”。可置于句首、句中和句尾 。
Dn't pen the dr, n matter wh calls! 不管谁叫门,都不要开!
N matter wh breaks the law, he shuld be punished. 不管谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
Any persn, n matter wh they are, must g thrugh an identity check.
任何人,无论是谁,都必须通过身份检查。
N matter what yu say, he wn’t believe yu. 无论你说什么,他都不相信你。
N matter what a serius prblem yu may have, yu shuld face the challenge.
不管你遇到多么严重的问题,你都应该去面对挑战。
A determined persn always tries t finish the jb, n matter hw hard it is.
无论工作有多困难,一个有决心的人总是会设法完成它。
I'll help yu n matter when yu have difficulties. 无论何时你有困难,我就帮你。
22. dialect /'daɪəlekt/ n. 地方话;方言
When peple use wrds and expressins different frm “standard language”, it is called a dialect. 当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时,那就叫做方言。
I can fluently speak different dialects f Chinese. 我可以流利地讲不同的中国方言。
23.means /mi:nz/ n.方式;方法;途径
Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant means by which China's present is cnnected with its past.
书面汉语也已成为一种把中国的现在与过去联系起来的一个重要的手段。(P62)
This is their nly means f cmmunicatin. 这是他们唯一的交流方式。
His bike is his nly means f transprt . 自行车是他唯一的代步工具。
Physical punishment shuld nt be used as a means f cntrlling children.
体罚不应该作为约束儿童的手段。
by means f... 用... ...办法;借助... ...
He succeeded by means f hard wrk. 他依靠自己辛勤的劳动而获得成功。
We shall slve this prblem by means f law and educatin.
我们用法律和教育这两个手段来解决这个问题。
The water may be carried by means f a pipe. 水可以用管子输送。
by n means 绝不,无论如何都不
He is by n means a brave persn. 他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。
【注意】
(1)means是单复数同形的名词,作主语时,如果表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数;如果表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数。
Every pssible means has been tried t make him give up smking.
每一种可能的方法都试了让他戒烟。
All pssible means have been tried t make him give up smking.
所有可能的方法都试了让他戒烟。
(2)先行词means在定语从句中充当方式状语时,引导词用by which。
This is the means by which he slved the prblem. 这就是他解决问题的方式。
(先行词the means还原到定语从句中为:he slved the prblem by the means,因此引导词用 by which。)
24. classic / ˈklæsɪk /
adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的
Peple in mdem times can read the classic wrks which were written by Chinese in ancient times. 现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。(P62)
Classic music is cming back. 古典音乐又开始流行了。
It is a classic style f Chinese buildings. 这是中式建筑典型风格。
n. 经典作品;名著
As I grw lder, I like t read the classics. 随着年龄渐长,我喜欢读经典著作。
Hng Lu Meng is my favrite literature classic . 《红楼梦》是我最喜爱的文学名著。
25.regard / rɪˈgɑ:d /
n. 尊重;关注 ; 问候(尤用于信中表示问好)
The high regard fr the Chinese writing system can be seen in the develpment f Chinese characters … 对汉语书写系统的高度重视从汉字的发展可以看出……(P62)
I have a very high regard fr him and what he has achieved. 我非常钦佩他的为人和成就。
We have a great regard fr the advanced wrkers. 我们非常尊敬先进工作者。
He has n regard fr anyne's feelings. 他不顾及别人的感受。
Give my regards t yur family. 请代我向你家人问好。
vt. 把... 视为;看待
Her wrk is very highly regarded. 她的工作受到高度评价。
regard … as … 将……认为;把……视为
He regarded me as his friend. 他把我当成朋友。
Physics has hurt me a thusand times, but I still regard it as my first lve.
物理伤我千百遍,我待物理如初恋。
The eagle is usually regarded as a symbl f curage. 鹰常常被人们当作勇气的标志。
26.character /'kærəktə(r)/ n. 文字;符号;角色;品质;特点
Chinese characters汉字(P62)
Snw White is ne f the mst famus Disneyland cartn characters.
白雪公主是最著名的迪士尼卡通人物之一。
On Nvember18,1978, Mickey became the first cartn character t have a star n the Hllywd Walk f Fame. 在1978年11月18日,米奇成了第一位入选好莱坞星光大道明星的卡通人物。
Knwledge will give yu pwer, but character respect. 知识给你力量,品格给你别人的尊敬。
Easy-ging is part f his character. 随和是他的性格的一部分。
The buildings are very simple in character. 这些建筑造型很简洁。
27.calligraphy / kəˈlɪɡrəfi / n. 书法;书法艺术
…knwn as Chinese calligraphy, which has becme an imprtant part f Chinese culture.
……被人们所熟知的中国书法已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。(P62)
Chinese calligraphy is a kind f art. 中国书法是一种艺术。
He is gd at Chinese calligraphy, especially at the running style.
他擅长书法,以草书见功。
Lk! This is my calligraphy wrk. 看,这是我的书法作品。
28.glbal /'gləʊbəl/ adj. 全球的;全世界的
As China plays a greater rle in glbal affairs, an increasing number f internatinal students are beginning t appreciate China’s culture and histry thrugh this amazing language.
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。(P62)
Glbal warming is a real prblem. 全球变暖是个真实存在的问题。
The glbal ecnmy is beginning t recver. 全球经济开始复苏了。
We are trying t find slutins t glbal fuel shrtage.
我们正设法找到解决全球能源短缺的办法。
【拓展】
glbe / gləʊb / n. 球体;地球仪;地球
Seventy percent f ur glbe's surface is water. 地球表面70%的地方覆盖着水。
【高考链接】
29.affair / əˈfeə(r) / n.公共事务[复数];事件;关系
glbal affairs 全球事务(P62)
wrld/internatinal/ financial /public /business affairs 世界/国际/财务/公共/商业事务
The newspapers reprted the Watergate affair. 报纸报道了水门事件。
What I d in my spare time is my wn affair. 我在业余时间做些什么是我自己的事情。
30.appreciate /ə'pri:ʃieɪt /
vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会
appreciate China’s culture and histry thrugh this amazing language.
通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。(P62)
Anyne can appreciate ur music. 任何人都能欣赏我们的音乐。
The happiest are thse wh can appreciate the beauty f life.
最幸福的人是那些能欣赏生活之美的人。
His talents are nt fully appreciated in that cmpany. 他的才干在那家公司未受到充分赏识。
I'd greatly appreciate yur supprt .我非常感激你的支持。
appreciate (ne’s) ding sth. 感激(某人)做某事
He wuld much appreciate yur ding him that favr.
如果你能帮他这个忙,他会非常感激的。
appreciate it … if… 如果……,将感激不尽
I’d appreciate it if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
如果你能提前让我知道你是否来,我将感激不尽。
She appreciated the danger, s she turned and walked away. 她意识到了危险,于是转身走开。
We didn't fully appreciate that he was seriusly ill. 我们没有充分认识到他的病情很严重。
vi. 增值
Their investments have appreciated ver the years. 他们的投资这些年来已经增值。
They believe that huses will appreciate in value. 他们相信房子会升值。
【拓展】
appreciatin /əˌpri:ʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 欣赏;感激;领会;了解
Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase yur appreciatin f Chinese culture.
学习中国书法将增加你对中国文化的鉴赏力。(P63)
It takes time t develp an appreciatin fr traditinal culture, but the effrt is wrth it.
培养对传统文化的鉴赏是需要时间的,但也是值得的。
We take this pprtunity t express ur sincere appreciatin f yur help.
借此机会我们对你们的帮助表示衷心的感谢
They have a strnger appreciatin f the imprtance f educatin.
他们对教育的重要性有了更深的理解。
31.specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 特定的;明确的;具体的
Scanning is lking at the text quickly t find specific infrmatin such as dates r numbers.
浏览是快速看课文以找到特定的信息,如日期或数字。(P63)
The mney was cllected fr a specific purpse.
这笔钱是为一个特定用途而筹集的。
It must be based n general ideas rather than specific examples.
必须以普遍的观念而不是以特殊的例子为基础。
I asked him t be mre specific. 我要求他说得更具体些。
32.struggle / ˈstrʌgl /
n. 斗争;奋斗;努力;难事
When I started studying German , it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时,那是一件很难的事。(P64)
Lsing weight was a terrible struggle. 减肥是一件非常艰难的事。
I think life is a struggle fr survival. 我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。
His sick mther was grateful fr his struggle t supprt the family.
他的生病的妈妈很感激他为了支撑这个家庭所做的努力。
His gal was achieved thrugh hard struggle.他通过奋斗实现了目标。
vi. 斗争;奋斗;搏斗;努力
They struggled just t pay their bills. 他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。
She struggled t her feet. 她艰难地站起来。
struggle fr sth./t d sth. 为争取……而奋斗
They were struggling fr independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。
They were struggling t gain independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。
struggle against/with sb./sth.与……斗争;与……抗争
He struggled against cancer fr tw years.他同癌症抗争了两年。
They had t struggle against all kinds f difficulties. 他们不得不同一切困境做斗争。
The cmpany is struggling t find buyers fr its new prduct.
该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。
33.tngue / tʌŋ / n. 舌头;语言
The wrds felt strange n my tngue. 在我的舌头上,单词感觉很奇怪。(P64)
She made a face and stuck ut her tngue at him.
她做了个鬼脸,向他吐了吐舌头。
I tried speaking t her in her native tngue. 我试着用她的本族语和她说话。
34. pint f view观点;看法
I culd see the wrld frm a different pint f view. 我可以从不同的角度看世界。(P64)
Try t see the matter frm her pint f view. 尽量从她的角度来考虑这个问题.
Frm my pint f view , the party was a cmplete success. 依我看这次聚会非常圆满。
35. semester / sɪˈmestə(r) / n.学期
the spring/fall semester 春季 / 秋季学期
I plan t take chemistry this semester. 这学期我准备选修化学。
They cst hundreds f dllars every semester. 他们每学期花费数百美元。
36.gas /ɡæs/ n.汽油;气体;燃气
natural gas天然气
37. petrl /'petrəl/ n. (NAmE gas ) 汽油
38.subway /'sʌbweɪ/ n.(BrE undergrund ) 地铁
The new subway is nw being laid in Jinan. 新的地铁正在济南修建。.
ride/take the subway 乘地铁
by subway乘地铁;从地下通道
He always ges t wrk by subway. 他经常搭乘地铁上班.
I see the sign there which says " CROSS BY SUBWAY " .
我看见那儿的标志,上面写着“从地下通道过街”。
39.apartment /ə'pɑ:tmənt/ n.(especially NAmE) 公寓套房(=flat)
I’d like t cme up t yur apartment. 我来看看你的公寓吧。
Even thugh the cmpany is near his apartment, he has t hurry a little if he wants t arrive n time. 尽管公司靠近他的公寓,如果他想要准时到达的话,还是必须快点。
40.pants / pænts / n. [pl.] (BrE )内裤;短裤;(especially NAmE )裤子
I really need t buy sme pants. 我真的需要买些裤子。(P65)
In British English, the wrd “pants” means underwear.
在英国英语中,“pants”一词是指内裤。(P65)
41.beg /beg/ vt. 恳求;祈求;哀求
I beg yur pardn. 对不起。(P65)
beg sb fr sth =beg sth f/frm sb 向某人乞求某物
They begged him fr help.= They begged help f/frm him .
他们向他求援。
beg fr sth乞求某物
The hmeless peple were begging fr fd. 那些无家可归的在讨饭。
beg sb t d sth 乞求某人干某事
I begged him t cme back t England with me. 我恳求他和我一起回英格兰。
【拓展】
beggar / ˈbegə(r) / n. 乞丐; 家伙;
I gave the beggar sme mney ut f pity. 出于同情,我给了乞丐一点钱。
The beggar died f cld and hunger. 这个乞丐由于寒冷和饥饿而死亡。
He is s rich and lives like a beggar. 他非常有钱可是生活得象个乞丐。
42.equal /'i:kwəl /
n.同等的人;相等物
…ur relatinship is clse and we're equals …
…我们的关系很亲密,我们是平等的人…(P66)
N ne culd be his equal at telling stries. 讲故事没人能比得上他。
adj. 相同的;同样的
Men and wmen enjy equal pay fr equal wrk. 男女同工同酬。
Wmen in ur cuntry enjy equal rights with men. 在我国妇女享有同男子平等的权利。
be equal t… 与……相等;能胜任……(t为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词)
I can't find a persn wh can be equal t this wrk. 我找不到能胜任这个工作的人。
be equal in sth.在某方面相等
Nt all men are equal in ability. 人的能力并不都是一样的。
vt. 等于; 和……相等;比得上
Fur plus fur equals eight.四加四等于八。
Few pleasure can equal that f a cl drink n a ht day.
很少能有乐趣比得上在炎热的天喝一杯凉快的饮料。
【拓展】
(1)equally adv.平等地,同样地;均等地
Men and Wmen must be treated equally in educatin and emplyment.
在教育和就业方面男性和女性必须被平等对待。
Diet and exercise are equally imprtant.饮食和锻炼同样重要。
The mney was divided equally amng her fur children. 这笔钱在她的四个孩子中平分了。
(2)equality /iˈkwɒləti/ n.平等;同等
I believe in the principle f equality befre the law. 我相信法律面前人人平等的原则。
(3)unequal /ʌnˈi:kwəl/ adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任的
The twins are unequal in height. 这一对孪生儿高矮不一样.
He felt unequal t the jb and wished there were smene he culd g t fr advice.
他感觉难以胜任这项工作,希望有人能给点建议。
(4)unequally adv. 不公平地;不相等地
She said she was treated unequally but she tried nt t ntice it.
她说她被不公平地对待, 但她努力地不去在意它.
Their prfits were divided unequally. 他们的利润分配不均。
43.gap /gæp/ n.间隔;开口;差距
I nly need a few wrds t bridge the gap between us.
我只需要几句话就可以弥合我们之间的差距。(P66)
The gap between Apple and ther tech firms is nw likely t narrw
苹果和其他科技公司之间的差距现在可能会缩小。
There was nly a narrw gap between the bed and the wall. 床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。
generatin gap代沟
Bth parents and teenagers must try t bridge the generatin gap between them.
父母和孩子都必须努力填补他们之间的代沟.
44.demand/ dɪˈmɑ:nd /
n.要求;需求
I must make it a questin , nt a demand. 我必须把它作为一个问题,而不是要求。(P66)
Demand fr cal is dwn. 煤的需求下降了。
There's an increased demand fr rganic prduce these days.
目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。
t meet/satisfy their custmers' demands 满足客户要求
in demand需求大
Gd teachers are always in demand. 优秀的老师总是需求很大。
vt. 强烈要求;需要
She demanded an immediate answer. 她强烈要求立即作出答复。
This sprt demands bth speed and strength.这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。
demand + that从句(从句中用虚拟语气“shuld+动词原形”, shuld常可省略)
The wrkers demanded that they (shuld) get better pay and cnditins.
工人们要求提高工资和改善工作条件。
vi.查问
“Wh are yu? ” he demanded angrily. “你到底是谁?”他气势汹汹地查问道。
45.vcabulary / və'kæbjʊlərɪ ; NAmE –leri / n. 词汇
Fr me , vcabulary is my biggest prblem. 对我来说,词汇是我最大的问题。(P66)
He has a pr vcabulary , s he can't express himself crrectly.
他的词汇量很少,因此无法准确表达自己的想法。
We read t imprve ur vcabularies. 我们阅读以便扩大词汇量。
46.descriptin /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n.描写(文字);形容
Des the writer give a clear descriptin f the prblem?
作者是否清楚地描述了这个问题?(P67)
She gave an exact descriptin f the accident. 她对事故作了精确的描述。
Have yu read the descriptin carefully? 你认真读过介绍了吗?
beynd descriptin 难以形容
The scenery was s beautiful that it was almst beynd descriptin.
风景是如此得美丽,以至于几乎难以形容。
【拓展】
describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ vt. 描述;形容
Can yu describe him t me?你能向我描述一下他的样子吗?
We asked her t describe what kind f things she did in her spare time.
我们请她描述一下她业余时间都在做什么。
It is very difficult t describe my jy in wrds. 我的快乐难以用语言来形容。
47.relate / rɪˈleɪt / vt. 联系;讲述
relate A with/ t B把…联系起来
The prfessr tld his students t relate thery with/ t practice.
教授要学生们理论联系实际。
I can't relate what he des with/ t what he says. 我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。
She related her childhd experiences in her bk. 在她的书中,她描述了自己童年的经历。
She related hw he had run away frm hme as a by. 她讲述了他小时候是如何离家出走的。
be related t 与……有关, 和……有联系
This heart attack may be related t his verwrk. 这次心脏病发作可能和他工作过劳有关。
relate t 与…… 相关;涉及;谈到
Des each sentence relate t the main idea? 每个句子都与主旨有关吗?(P67)
His remarks didn't relate t the tpic under discussin. 他说的话与讨论的问题无关。
The secnd paragraph relates t the situatin in Sctland. 第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。
【拓展】
(1)relatin /rɪˈleɪʃn/ n. 关系;联系;交往
internatinal relatins国际关系
Manners are very imprtant t harmnius relatins amng peple.
礼貌对人们之间的和睦关系很重要。
Relatins between my parents have becme difficult. 我父母之间的关系已经变得不宜相处。
(2)relatinship /rɪ'leɪʃnʃɪp/ n.关系;联系
She has a very clse relatinship with her sister. 她和她妹妹非常亲密。
There is a relatinship between diet and cancer. 饮食结构和癌症之间有一定关联。
Having gd persnal relatinships is the mst imprtant thing fr me.
拥有良好的人际关系对我最为重要。
dzen(十二),scre(二十),hundred(百),thusand(千),millin(百万), billin(十亿)
之前有确切的数字时,用单数形式;没有确切的数字时,用复数形式,而且多和f连用。
tw dzen eggs两打鸡蛋 dzens f eggs几十个鸡蛋
five hundred peple五百人 hundreds f peple数百计的人
three billin years 30亿年 billins f years数十亿年
Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal 67______ (glbe) fertilizer cnsumptin.(2018全国卷II语法填空)
答案及解析:glbal 考查词性转换。句意:根据世界银行的数据,中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer cnsumptin是名词短语,应该用形容词修饰,故答案为glbal。
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