牛津译林版八年级英语上册单元速记•巧练Unit8【速记清单】(原卷版+解析)

这是一份牛津译林版八年级英语上册单元速记•巧练Unit8【速记清单】(原卷版+解析)，共37页。

Unit 8Natural disasters考点1. thousands ofthousand; hundred; million; billion等数词，当与基数词连用表达确定数量时，要用单数形式，并且后面不接of；当表达概数时，要用复数形式，且后面接of。例如：Our school is so famous that hundreds of people come and visit it every day.我们学校太有名了以至于每天有数百人来参观。The volunteer sent two hundreds of books to a mountain village school on Children’s Day.这些志愿者在儿童节这一天给一所山里的乡村学校送去了二百本书。【经典练】1．（2021秋·天津和平·八年级天津一中校考期中）You can see ________ stars if you go out at night.A．thousand B．thousands of C．million D．million of2．（2022秋·天津河东·八年级统考期末）Every year ________ people come to our city to visit the museum.A．thousands of B．thousand of C．thousand D．thousands【写作佳句】（2022·山东东营·统考中考真题）Bing Dwen Dwen, a mascot (吉祥物) for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, is socutethat tens of thousands of people would like to get one.北京2022年冬奥会吉祥物冰墩墩是如此可爱，以至于成千上万的人都想得到一个。考点2. beat beat是及物动词，有以下用法： (1) 意为“赢；打败；战胜”，后接人或某一团队、组织等，其过去式为beat。例如：I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。 (2) 意为“打；击”，表示连续不断的打击。例如：Who is beating the drum? 谁在打鼓？ (3) 表示“（心脏）等跳动”。例如： I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。【拓展】 beat和win都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为won。例如：Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。Who win the first prize in the competition? 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？【经典练】1．（2021秋·天津北辰·八年级校考期中）No.9 Middle School ________ No.2 Middle School in the football match yesterday.A．passed B．lost C．won D．beat2．No.5 Middle School _______ No. 20 Middle School in the basketball match yesterday.A．passed B．lost C．beat D．won【写作佳句】（2021·山西·统考中考真题）— China’s women’s soccer team beat Team South Korea on April 13th. I wonderhow they won the game .— They never gave up and fought to the last minute in the game.——4月13日，中国女足击败了韩国队。我想知道她们是如何获胜的。——她们永不放弃，奋战到最后一分钟。考点3. asleepasleep是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”，在句中常作表语而不能作定语。例如：He was asleep when I saw him. 当我看见他时，他在睡觉。【拓展】 (1) 类似的表语形容词均以a开头的有：afraid害怕的；alike相像的；alone独自的，孤独的；awake醒着的。 (2) “熟睡”只能说fast/ sound asleep而不用very asleep。 (3) fall asleep意为“入睡”，fall用作系动词，asleep作表语。【经典练】1．The little girl stayed up late yesterday and she felt ________ today, she is afraid she’ll fall ________ in class.A．asleep,  sleep B．sleepy, asleep C．sleep, sleepy【写作佳句】（2020·重庆·统考中考真题）Don't drink coffee before going to bed, or you won't fall asleepeasily.睡觉之前不要喝咖啡，否则你很难入睡。考点4. because ofbecause of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如：He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。【拓展】(1) because意为“因为”，表示直接原因。它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。例如：I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我待在家里。Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。— Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席? — Because she is sick. 因为她病了。(2) because of和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because的后面用句子；because of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如：I was late this morning because I missed the first bus. 我今天早上迟到是因为我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。We couldn’t have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain. 我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。【经典练】1．I was late for school ________ the bad weather.A．but B．because of C．because D．and2．（2022秋·安徽六安·八年级统考期中）We didn’t hold the football match ________ the heavy rain.A．because B．because of C．since D．about【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Because of pollution, this lake is now too harmful tosupport fish.由于污染，这个湖现在太有害了，不能养鱼。考点5. happenhappen是不及物动词，它的用法有：(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。例如： The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在2008年。 An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如： A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。 What happened to you? 你怎么啦？(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如： I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。【拓展】happen和take place的辨析： (1) happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。例如： What happened to him? 他出了什么事？ (2) take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如： The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。注意：happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。【经典练】1．（2022秋·辽宁丹东·八年级统考期中）— A bad thing ________ in the street just now. An old man fell down and a car hit him.— So terrible. I’m sorry to hear that.A．made B．gave C．decided D．happened【写作佳句】（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）If you don’t think something will happen and then it happens, you will feel surprised.如果你认为某事不会发生，然后它发生了，你会感到惊讶。考点6. while(1) while是连词，它的意思是“当……时候, 和……同时”。例如：Our friends arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。【拓展】(1) while和when是同义词，while后面的动词是延续性的、可持续性的；when的后面可以是延续性的动词，也可以是非延续性的动词。例如：I was watching TV when he arrived. 他到的时候我在看电视。（不能用while）While / When I was cooking, my mother got home. 我做饭时，我妈妈到家了。(2) while还可作并列连词，表示两者之间的对比。when 也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作正在进行，突然发生了另一动作。例如：I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。（不能用when）I was fishing by the river when someone called for help.（不能用while）我正在河边钓鱼，突然有人求救。【经典练】1．（2023秋·天津红桥·八年级统考期末）They were singing ________ we were dancing.A．if B．because C．until D．while2．（2023秋·天津·八年级校考期末）Tom was playing under the tree ________ his sister was reading.A．while B．so C．after D．before【写作佳句】（2023·天津·统考中考真题）While we are singing an English song, some visitors came to our class.当我们正在唱一首英文歌时，一些来访者来到我们班。考点7. mindmind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如：Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？Don’t mind me.不要管我。【拓展】(1) mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如： He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。 Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。 (2) 后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：完成，实践，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）；错过，习惯，（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；继续，喜欢，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。【经典练】1．—Would you mind ________ some chocolate? —Sorry, I have made up my mind ________ weight.A．to have; to loseB．having; losing C．having; to lose D．to have; losing【写作佳句】They often work very hard for little money, but they do not mind.他们经常为了很少的钱而努力工作，但他们并不介意。考点8. since since可作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如： I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。【拓展】since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。【经典练】1．（2021秋·天津河西·八年级校考期中）Mr. Wang ________ English in this school ________ he moved to the city.A．has taught; for B．taught; since C．taught; for D．has taught; since2．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use.A．unless B．since C．if D．when【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）We have been friends since I came to this school.自从我来到这所学校，我们就一直是朋友。考点9. alivealive 形容词“活的”，一般用作表语；如果用作定语，则需要放在被修饰的名词后面。No man alive is greater than he. 活着的人没有一个比他更伟大的。His mother is dead, but his father is still living /alive. 他的妈妈去世了，但他爸爸还活着。【拓展】辨析：lively, alive, live与living这四个词都可用作形容词，异同点如下：(1) lively常用作定语或表语，“充满活力的，活泼的，有生气的”。例如：She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是个充满活力的年轻女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.他有一种奇妙的方法，使他的课堂生动有趣。(2) alive常作表语或后置定语，“有生命的，活的”。例如：He was alive when they took him to the hospital.人们把他送到医院时他还活着。(3) live作定语，“活的，有生命的（主要用来指鸟或其他动物）；现场的，直播的”。例如：Look! These is a live fish in the pool.看！池子里有一条活鱼。We watched a live television show. 我们观看了一场电视现场直播的表演。(4) living意为“活的，健在的”。例如：His grandpa is still living at the age of 96. 他爷爷96岁了，仍然健在。【经典练】1．The painting is interesting. The people in it look real. They seem to be ________.A．live B．alive C．living D．lively2．—The little girl was lucky to stay ________ after the snowstorm(暴风雪).—It’s so amazing.A．alive B．live C．lives D．lively【写作佳句】（2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）The documentary For the Sake of Peace（《为了和平》）brings the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (抗美援朝战争) alive on screen.纪录片《为了和平》将抗美援朝战争鲜活地呈现在银幕上。考点10 see10.… I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road.本句中用了see sb. doing sth.的结构，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看见的动作正在进行。例如：I saw him repairing his bike. 我看见他正在修他的自行车。【拓展】(1) see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调看到了动作的全过程。例如： I saw him repair his bike.我看见他修了他的自行车。(2) 能用do或doing做宾语补足语的词还有：feel; hear; watch; notice等。例如： I often heard him play the piano in his room when I was young.当我小的时候，我经常听见他在房间里弹钢琴。I noticed some birds singing. 我注意到一些鸟在歌唱。【经典练】1．（2022秋·天津河东·八年级校考期中）We plan ________ the traditional Beijing Opera.A．see B．to see C．seeing D．saw【写作佳句】（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）While everyone was laughing at the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny.当每个人都在笑漫画页时，我拿起一本，想看看是什么这么好笑。考点11 as soon as possible11. Try to get out as soon as possible.(1) as … as possible 意为“尽可能的……”，as … as 中间加形容词或者副词的原级。例如：I hope my marks would be as high as possible. 我希望我的分数尽可能地高。He picked as many apples as possible in the apple garden. 他在果园摘了尽可能多的苹果。(2) as soon as possible意为“尽快，尽早”，与as soon as one can/could同义。例如： I will tell him as soon as possible. = I will tell him as soon as I can.【经典练】1．Miss Gao asked us to go to the office _________.A．as much as possible B．more quickly than sheC．as soon as possible D．as much as we can【写作佳句】In order to send the donations（捐赠物）to the hospital as soon as possible, the drivers hardly stopped to eat or rest during the journey.为了尽快把捐赠物送到医院，司机们在旅途中几乎没有停下来吃饭或休息。  考点12 keep12. …about keeping ourselves safe from fires.本句中用了“keep + 名词 / 代词+ 形容词”的结构，意为“使……保持某种状态”。例如：Keep the door open, please. 请让门开着。【拓展】(1) keep作动词，意思是“保持”，常见的结构为“keep+形容词/动词-ing形式”，意为“使某物保持某种状态”。例如：The cat keeps running after the rat, trying to catch it. 那只猫一直在追赶老鼠，想要抓住它。I need to keep fit. 我需要保持健康。Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。(2) keep sb. doing sth.，表示“让某人一直做某事”。例如：You keep me waiting for half an hour. 你让我等了半个小时。(3) keep的相关短语： keep up with跟上，赶上 keep a shop 开商店 keep an eye on照看【经典练】1．（2022秋·江苏宿迁·八年级统考期末）It was so cold outside, so we had to make a fire ________ warm.A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept【写作佳句】（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）To keep healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.为了保持健康，我们已经习惯饭前洗手和使用公共筷子。考点13 try13. I tried my best to run out too…try one’s best to do sth.是动词短语，意为“努力或尽力去做某事”，相当于try to do sth.。例如：We tried our best to help the people in the village. 我们设法帮助那个村庄的人。They should try their best to finish the work on time. 他们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。【拓展】try one’s best to do sth.表示尽自己最大能力做某事, 强调的是要设法、想法的意思，等同于try to do sth.；try doing sth.表示尝试着做某事，强调尽力去做，尝试去做。例如：He tries to get the apple above the shelf，but fails to reach it.他尽力去够架子上的苹果，但是没够着。After a while, Tom comes in and tries showing his ability. 一会儿后，汤姆进来试着展示他的能力。He tired climbing the tall tree. 他试着爬上了那棵搞的树。I will try my best to do this work. 我将尽力去做这份工作。【经典练】1．（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）I was full, ________ the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.A．and B．but C．so D．or【写作佳句】（2020·四川资阳·中考真题）Children should have dreams and try to make them come true.孩子们应该有梦想，并努力让梦想成真。考点14 not....at all14. I could not see anything at all…not…at all意为“根本不，一点也不”，，用于否定句中，加强语气。例如：He doesn’t like meat at all. 他根本不喜欢吃肉。【拓展】Not at all.在口语中经常用到，有以下用法： (1) 用来表示否定（是No的加强说法），表示“一点也不，完全不”。例如： — Are you busy? 你忙吗？ — Not at all. 一点也不忙。 (2) 用于回答感谢，表示“不用谢；不客气”。例如： — Thank you very much. 非常感谢。 — Not at all. 别客气。 (3) 用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话，表示“没什么；哪里，哪里”。例如： — You are very kind. 你真好。 — Not at all. 没什么。 (4) 用于回答道歉，表示“没关系”。例如： — I’m sorry I’m late. 对不起，我迟到了。 — Oh, not at all. Come in, please. 哦，没关系，请进。一．过去进行时过去进行时的概念和用法: （一）定义：过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。结构：was/were +doing (现在分词）否定式：was / were not + doing was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t疑问句：将 was / were 调到主语前，结构为：Was/Were+主语+verb-ing?回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+ was not/wasn’t. were not/weren’t.（三）用法1. 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：【例题精讲】例1. We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。　　      例2. It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。例3. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。【例题精讲】例1. What was she doing at nine o’clock yesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点)例2. When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)【知识梳理2】while\when\as 与过去进行时1. when, while 和 as 这三个词都有“当………时候”的意思。【例题精讲】例1. There were fewer sandstorms when my grandparents were young. 我祖父母年轻时沙尘暴要少些。例2. While Mille was watching TV, her mum was sleeping.米莉在看电视时，妈妈在睡觉。例3. I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning.今天早晨我骑自行车时看到一起交通事故。2. when 和 as 既可以指某一点时间，也可以指某一段时间，其从句谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的，也可以是延续性的；while指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。即：指一段时间时when, while 和as都可用；指一点时间时，只能用when或as，不能用while。【例题精讲】例. 试比较：1. When/As he woke up, it was eight o’clock.(对)2. While he woke up, it was eight o’clock.（错）3. When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her.（错）3.当 while , when 和 as 放在句首时，两个句子应用逗号隔开。【例题精讲】例1. When the teacher came in, we were talking.例2. While the pig was dancing, the rabbit was jumping.例3. As the two men were leaving, a message arrived.写作主题：自然灾害与人身安全一、话题分析本单元的话题是“自然灾害与人身安全”，要求学生能根据相关信息提示简单地介绍一种自然灾害或者人身安全或灾害防范的基本常识，内容包括自然灾害或者突发事件发生的时间、地点、经过和结果、人身安全或灾害防范的各方面注意事项等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点：1. 能用过去进行时描述自然灾害或者突发事件发生的经过；2. 能用when,while,as等连词连接句子；3. 能正确使用标点符号；4. 能正确书写英语句子。二、写作步骤步骤一：确定介绍一种自然灾害或者人身安全或灾害防范的基本常识的内容和顺序。步骤二：列举介绍一种自然灾害或者人身安全或灾害防范的基本常识的句型，多多益善。步骤三：成段成篇，修改完善。三、词汇积累1 wake up 醒来2 crash into 撞上……3 fall from 从……上跌落下来4 mop up 把……拖干净5 wash away 冲走6 catch fire 着火7 feel a slight shake 感到轻微震动8 run out of 从……中跑出9 in all directions 四面八方10 come down 坍塌11 not…at all 一点也不12 a moment of fear 片刻的恐惧13 calm down 冷静下来14 shout for help 呼救15 move away 移开16 find one’s way out 找到出路17 at last 最后，终于18 break down 出故障，坏掉19 because of 因为，由于20 as…as possible 尽可能四、句型积累1 Who will mop up the water if I go home without you? 如果你不跟我回家，谁将拖干水呢？2 There was a heavy storm with thunder and lighting. 有一场暴风雨，电闪雷鸣。3 Lighting hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 闪电击中了一栋教学楼，并引发了火灾。4 I was sleeping when the earthquake started. 地震发生时我正在睡觉。5 Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were failing down. 外面，人们四处奔跑，成片的玻璃与砖头纷纷落下。6 A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑海里闪过片刻的恐惧，但我告诉自己要冷静，因为自己还活着。7 Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. 幸运的是，有足够的空间来容我移动。8 …I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me. 当我正在尽力寻找出路时，我突然听到楼上有嘈杂声。五、写作训练1．每个人的生命只有一次，一定要珍爱自己的生命。该怎样保护自己?请根据以下提示，以"How to protect ourselves"为标题写一篇发言稿.参考词汇：safety, traffic rules, hurt oneself, without permission, self-protection, stay away from. . , be careful, be in danger, keep calm, call. . for help要求∶1）语言表达准确，短文连贯、通顺。2）短文应包括表格中所有内容，可适当发挥，不要逐句翻译。3）词数80左右。文章开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。How to protect ourselvesDear friends, Everyone has only one life, so we should treasure our lives. But how can we protect ourselves? Here are some suggestions. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________In a word, we should try our best to protect ourselves and value our lives. That's all. Thank you!Unit 8 Natural disasters一．重点词组赏析Unit8核心话题自然灾害重点词汇up, earthquake, coach, flood, village, storm, shake, loud, fear, while, heart, beat, mind, since, still, alive, dark, shout, daylight, asleep, after, direction, nervous, safe, rule, railway, bum, daughter, board, headache, countryside 重点短语1．natural disasters 自然灾害2．thousands of people 成千上万的人3．crash into 撞上4．wash away 冲走5. a heavy storm with thunder and lightning 一场雷电交加的大风暴6．feel a slight shake 感觉到轻微的震动7．in all directions 四面八方8．come down 崩塌，坍塌9．not．．．at all 一点也不10．find one’s way out 找到出路11．scream in fear 恐惧地尖叫12．run out of 从······中跑出来13．be trapped 被困住了14. hear some noise above me 听到我上面有些噪音15．move away 移走16．on the side of the road 在路边17．as．．．as possible 尽可能······18. cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel用湿毛巾捂住你的嘴巴和鼻子19. stay low to the ground 贴近地面20. follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则21. keep your hand in cold water 把你的手放在冷水里22．fall over 摔倒重点句型1. Who will mop up the water if I go home without you?2. Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire.3. I was sleeping when the earthquake started. 4. A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.5. Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move.6. My dad's car broke down because of the cold weather.7. When/While/As Millie was watching TV. Andy came into the room. 8. We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and traffic accidents.9. First, you should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes. 10. I was doing my homework in the class-room when Mr. Wu came in and told us to go home early.语法过去进行时写作自然灾害与人身安全安全对每个人都很重要交通：外出时遵守交通规则食品:吃健康食物，少吃垃圾食品活动:进行体育锻炼时，不要弄伤自己不私自下河游泳自我保护是重要技能之一交友需谨慎远离危险之人遇到危险要保持冷静然后要及时报警或向老师、家长求助尽可能避免受伤害保证自己的安全natural disasters自然灾害be all wet全湿了wake up醒来mop up the water把水拖干净crash into a tree撞到树上wash away冲走start a big fire引起一场大火catch fire着火be asleep睡着scream in fear恐惧的尖叫in all directions四面八方pieces of glass and bricks玻璃块和砖块come down崩塌feel nervous感觉紧张不安的a moment of fear一阵恐惧calm down平静下来be still alive仍然活着be trapped被困住的find one’s way out找到出路keep sb safe保持某人安全soon after…在…之后不久a terrible snowstorm一场可怕的暴风雪break down（车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉fall over跌倒get out as soon as possible尽早逃出去cover one’s month with a wet towel用一块湿毛巾盖住嘴巴protect oneself from thick smoke保护自己免受浓烟（的伤害）follow the traffic rules遵守交通规则traffic accidents交通事故burn one’s hand(s)烧/ 烫伤某人的手nearly fall over 差一点摔跤hear the wind blowing听到风在吹see many people waiting there 看到许多人正在那里等候because of the heavy snow由于这场大雪clear the snow from the streets把雪从街上清除掉二、重点句型赏析1.I was sleeping when it started to rain. 当开始下雨时，我正在睡觉。2.Soon the real noise came, like bombs under the ground. 很快，像地下的炸弹一样的声音传来。3.Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 外面，碎玻璃和碎砖纷纷掉落下来，人们四处逃散。4.I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was near me. 我什么也看不见，也不知道是否有人在我附近。5.I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. 我感到紧张，我的心跳得很快。6.A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑中掠过一阵恐惧，但我告诉我自己要镇定下来，既然我仍然活着。7.I started to pull myself slowly through the dark. 我开始在黑暗中慢慢地向前移动身体。8.As I was trying to find my way out. I suddenly heard some noise above me. 当我尝试着找到出路，我突然听到了上面的噪声。9.Timmy was sleeping/asleep when the earthquake started. 当地震开始的时候蒂姆在睡觉。10.My dad’s car broke down because of the cold weather. 由于糟糕的天气我爸爸的汽车出故障了。11.Stay low to the ground.贴着地面。12.The snow kept falling around us. 雪不停地在我们周围落下。13.I was doing my homework in the classroom when Mr. Wu came in and told us to go home early. 当吴老师进来告诉我们早点回家时，我正在教室里做家庭作业。14.We lost our umbrella in the wind and I nearly fell over. 我们在风中丢了雨伞，我差点儿摔倒。15.Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind.突然，一阵大风从后面刮来。【重点语法】1 过去进行时的结构及用法过去进行时态表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作行为。过去进行时与一般过去时一样，也常和表示过去的时间状语连用。含义：①过去某个时间正在发生的动作例：He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。②过去某段时间正在发生的动作    例：I was staying here from March to May last year. 去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。标志词： at nine last night/  at that time= then/at this time yesterday  /或有when the teacher came in/  while he was reading等；昨天下午3点到5点 from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. yesterday昨天这时at this time/moment yesterday昨天整个早上/下午the whole morning/afternoon yesterday那时 at that time/moment结构：肯定结构：主语+was/were + doing+其他否定结构：主语+was/were + not + doing+其他一般疑问句结构：Was/Were+主语+doing+其他？答语：Yes，主语+was/were,/ No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+ was/were+主语+ doing+其他？2 过去进行时中when，while和as的用法当两个比较长的动作发生时，我们可以在两个从句中用过去进行时，以‘while’连接。当一个比较长的动作正在进行时，有其他动作同事发生，我们可用‘when’，‘while’或‘as’将两个动作连接起来。When可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，而while只能和延续性动词连用。When从句的动作可以在主句动作之前，之后和同时发生While从句的动作必须是和主句同时发生，此时也可用when/as。当两个延续性动词同事发生时，两个句子都使用过去进行时，并用while连接。Unit 8 Natural disasters 考点1. thousands ofthousand; hundred; million; billion等数词，当与基数词连用表达确定数量时，要用单数形式，并且后面不接of；当表达概数时，要用复数形式，且后面接of。例如：Our school is so famous that hundreds of people come and visit it every day.我们学校太有名了以至于每天有数百人来参观。The volunteer sent two hundreds of books to a mountain village school on Children’s Day.这些志愿者在儿童节这一天给一所山里的乡村学校送去了二百本书。【经典练】1．（2021秋·天津和平·八年级天津一中校考期中）You can see ________ stars if you go out at night.A．thousand B．thousands of C．million D．million of【答案】B【详解】句意：如果你晚上出去，你可以看到成千上万颗星星。考查大数表达。hundred/thousand/million被数字修饰时用单数，当前面没有数字时要用hundreds/millions/thousands+ of，根据题干可知空前无数字，所以只有B选项写法正确。故选B。2．（2022秋·天津河东·八年级统考期末）Every year ________ people come to our city to visit the museum.A．thousands of B．thousand of C．thousand D．thousands【答案】A【详解】句意：每年都有成千上万的人来我们城市参观博物馆。考查数词的表达。表示确切的数量，用基数词+数词的单数形式；表示概数，用数词的复数形式+of。空格前无基数词，所以此处应填thousands of，故选A。【写作佳句】（2022·山东东营·统考中考真题）Bing Dwen Dwen, a mascot (吉祥物) for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, is socutethat tens of thousands of people would like to get one.北京2022年冬奥会吉祥物冰墩墩是如此可爱，以至于成千上万的人都想得到一个。考点2. beat beat是及物动词，有以下用法： (1) 意为“赢；打败；战胜”，后接人或某一团队、组织等，其过去式为beat。例如：I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。 (2) 意为“打；击”，表示连续不断的打击。例如：Who is beating the drum? 谁在打鼓？ (3) 表示“（心脏）等跳动”。例如： I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。【拓展】 beat和win都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为won。例如：Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。Who win the first prize in the competition? 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？【经典练】1．（2021秋·天津北辰·八年级校考期中）No.9 Middle School ________ No.2 Middle School in the football match yesterday.A．passed B．lost C．won D．beat【答案】D【详解】句意：在昨天的足球比赛中，第九中学击败了第二中学。考查动词辨析。passed通过；lost输掉（比赛等）；won赢，后跟比赛、奖品等；beat打败某人或者某个集体。空格后的“No.2 Middle School”是对手可知，应用beat表示打败，故选D。2．No.5 Middle School _______ No. 20 Middle School in the basketball match yesterday.A．passed B．lost C．beat D．won【答案】C【详解】句意：在昨天的篮球赛中，五中击败了二十中。考查动词辨析。passed通过；lost失败；beat打败某人或者某个集体；won赢，后跟比赛、奖品等。空格后的No. 20 Middle School是对手，应用beat表示打败，故选C。【写作佳句】（2021·山西·统考中考真题）— China’s women’s soccer team beat Team South Korea on April 13th. I wonderhow they won the game .— They never gave up and fought to the last minute in the game.——4月13日，中国女足击败了韩国队。我想知道她们是如何获胜的。——她们永不放弃，奋战到最后一分钟。考点3. asleepasleep是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”，在句中常作表语而不能作定语。例如：He was asleep when I saw him. 当我看见他时，他在睡觉。【拓展】 (1) 类似的表语形容词均以a开头的有：afraid害怕的；alike相像的；alone独自的，孤独的；awake醒着的。 (2) “熟睡”只能说fast/ sound asleep而不用very asleep。 (3) fall asleep意为“入睡”，fall用作系动词，asleep作表语。【经典练】1．The little girl stayed up late yesterday and she felt ________ today, she is afraid she’ll fall ________ in class.A．asleep,  sleep B．sleepy, asleep C．sleep, sleepy【答案】B【详解】句意：小女孩昨天熬夜了，她今天觉得很困，她怕自己在课堂上睡着了。考查形容词辨析。asleep睡着的，一般作表语；sleepy困倦的；sleep睡觉。短语feel sleepy表示“感觉很困”，短语fall asleep表示“睡着了”。故选B。【写作佳句】（2020·重庆·统考中考真题）Don't drink coffee before going to bed, or you won't fall asleepeasily.睡觉之前不要喝咖啡，否则你很难入睡。考点4. because ofbecause of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如：He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。【拓展】(1) because意为“因为”，表示直接原因。它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。例如：I stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我待在家里。Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。— Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席? — Because she is sick. 因为她病了。(2) because of和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because的后面用句子；because of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如：I was late this morning because I missed the first bus. 我今天早上迟到是因为我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。We couldn’t have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain. 我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。【经典练】1．I was late for school ________ the bad weather.A．but B．because of C．because D．and【答案】B【详解】句意：由于天气不好，我上学迟到了。考查连词及短语辨析。but但是，表转折；because of由于，表原因，后跟名词或代词；because因为，表原因，后跟句子；and和，表并列。分析空前后内容的关系可知，前果后因，且原因是名词短语，故选B。2．（2022秋·安徽六安·八年级统考期中）We didn’t hold the football match ________ the heavy rain.A．because B．because of C．since D．about【答案】B【详解】句意：因为那场大雨，我们没有举办足球比赛。考查介词短语。because因为，引导原因状语从句；because of由于；since自从；about关于。根据“the heavy rain”可知，下大雨是没有举办足球比赛的原因，且the heavy rain是名词短语，因此应用介词短语because of来表示“因为”。故选B。【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Because of pollution, this lake is now too harmful tosupport fish.由于污染，这个湖现在太有害了，不能养鱼。考点5. happenhappen是不及物动词，它的用法有：(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。例如： The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在2008年。 An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如： A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。 What happened to you? 你怎么啦？(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如： I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。【拓展】happen和take place的辨析： (1) happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。例如： What happened to him? 他出了什么事？ (2) take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如： The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。注意：happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。【经典练】1．（2022秋·辽宁丹东·八年级统考期中）— A bad thing ________ in the street just now. An old man fell down and a car hit him.— So terrible. I’m sorry to hear that.A．made B．gave C．decided D．happened【答案】D【详解】句意：——刚才街上发生了一件不好的事。一位老人摔倒了，一辆汽车撞到了他。——太可怕了。听到这个消息我很难过。考查动词辨析。made制作；gave给；decided决定；happened发生。根据下文“An old man fell down and a car hit him”可知，刚才发生了一件很糟糕的事，故选D。【写作佳句】（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）If you don’t think something will happen and then it happens, you will feel surprised.如果你认为某事不会发生，然后它发生了，你会感到惊讶。考点6. while(1) while是连词，它的意思是“当……时候, 和……同时”。例如：Our friends arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。【拓展】(1) while和when是同义词，while后面的动词是延续性的、可持续性的；when的后面可以是延续性的动词，也可以是非延续性的动词。例如：I was watching TV when he arrived. 他到的时候我在看电视。（不能用while）While / When I was cooking, my mother got home. 我做饭时，我妈妈到家了。(2) while还可作并列连词，表示两者之间的对比。when 也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作正在进行，突然发生了另一动作。例如：I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。（不能用when）I was fishing by the river when someone called for help.（不能用while）我正在河边钓鱼，突然有人求救。【经典练】1．（2023秋·天津红桥·八年级统考期末）They were singing ________ we were dancing.A．if B．because C．until D．while【答案】D【详解】句意：当我们跳舞的时候，他们在唱歌。考查连词辨析。if如果；because因为；until直到；while当……时。根据“They were singing ... we were dancing.”可知，此处前后两个动作同时发生，用while引导时间状语从句。故选D。2．（2023秋·天津·八年级校考期末）Tom was playing under the tree ________ his sister was reading.A．while B．so C．after D．before【答案】A【详解】句意：汤姆在树下玩，而他妹妹在看书。考查连词辨析。while与……同时；so因此；after在……以后；before在……以前。根据“Tom was playing under the tree ... his sister was reading.”可知，汤姆在树下玩的时候，他妹妹正在读书；while与过去进行时连用，表示主从句动作同时发生。故选A。【写作佳句】（2023·天津·统考中考真题）While we are singing an English song, some visitors came to our class.当我们正在唱一首英文歌时，一些来访者来到我们班。考点7. mindmind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如：Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？Don’t mind me.不要管我。【拓展】(1) mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如： He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。 Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。 (2) 后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：完成，实践，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）；错过，习惯，（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；继续，喜欢，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。【经典练】1．—Would you mind ________ some chocolate? —Sorry, I have made up my mind ________ weight.A．to have; to lose B．having; losing C．having; to lose D．to have; losing【答案】C【详解】句意：——你介意吃些巧克力吗？——抱歉，我已经下定决心要减肥了。考查非谓语动词。have吃；lose weight减肥；第一空考查短语mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，空格处填入动名词形式，排除A和D；第二空考查短语make up one’s mind to do sth.“下定决心做某事”，空格处填入不定式，故选C。【写作佳句】They often work very hard for little money, but they do not mind.他们经常为了很少的钱而努力工作，但他们并不介意。考点8. since since可作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如： I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。【拓展】since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。【经典练】1．（2021秋·天津河西·八年级校考期中）Mr. Wang ________ English in this school ________ he moved to the city.A．has taught; for B．taught; since C．taught; for D．has taught; since【答案】D【详解】句意：自从王先生搬到这个城市，他就一直在这所学校教英语。考查现在完成时。has taught现在完成时；taught一般过去时；for后接时间段，表示动词持续；since后接时间点。根据第二空后“he moved to the city.”可知此处是一般过去时，且“moved”是短暂性动词，所以第二空应填since，排除选项A和C；本句是含since的句子，主句应用现在完成时。故选D。2．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use.A．unless B．since C．if D．when【答案】B【详解】句意：自从地铁投入使用以来，我的家乡改变了很多。考查连词辨析。unless除非；since自从；if如果；when当……时候。根据“My hometown has changed a lot ... the subway was put into use.”可知从句是一般过去时，主句是现在完成时，用since引导时间状语从句。故选B。【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）We have been friends since I came to this school.自从我来到这所学校，我们就一直是朋友。考点9. alivealive 形容词“活的”，一般用作表语；如果用作定语，则需要放在被修饰的名词后面。No man alive is greater than he. 活着的人没有一个比他更伟大的。His mother is dead, but his father is still living /alive. 他的妈妈去世了，但他爸爸还活着。【拓展】辨析：lively, alive, live与living这四个词都可用作形容词，异同点如下：(1) lively常用作定语或表语，“充满活力的，活泼的，有生气的”。例如：She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是个充满活力的年轻女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.他有一种奇妙的方法，使他的课堂生动有趣。(2) alive常作表语或后置定语，“有生命的，活的”。例如：He was alive when they took him to the hospital.人们把他送到医院时他还活着。(3) live作定语，“活的，有生命的（主要用来指鸟或其他动物）；现场的，直播的”。例如：Look! These is a live fish in the pool.看！池子里有一条活鱼。We watched a live television show. 我们观看了一场电视现场直播的表演。(4) living意为“活的，健在的”。例如：His grandpa is still living at the age of 96. 他爷爷96岁了，仍然健在。【经典练】1．The painting is interesting. The people in it look real. They seem to be ________.A．live B．alive C．living D．lively【答案】B【详解】句意：这幅画很有趣。里面的人看起来很真实。他们好像活的。考查形容词辨析。live活的，只用于物；alive活着的，用于人，侧重说明生死之间的界限；living活着的，用于人或物，强调尚在人间；lively活泼的。根据语境可知，画里的人看起来很真实，可推测此时是画里的人好像活着的一样，alive“活着的”符合语境。故选B。2．—The little girl was lucky to stay ________ after the snowstorm(暴风雪).—It’s so amazing.A．alive B．live C．lives D．lively【答案】A【详解】句意：——暴风雪过后，这个小女孩幸运地活了下来。——太神奇了。考查形容词用法以及形容词辨析。alive活着的，形容词；live居住，动词；lives生命，名词复数；lively活泼的。作stay的表语用形容词，排除BC；根据“stay...after the snowstorm”可知是暴风雪之后还活着。故选A。【写作佳句】（2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）The documentary For the Sake of Peace（《为了和平》）brings the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (抗美援朝战争) alive on screen.纪录片《为了和平》将抗美援朝战争鲜活地呈现在银幕上。考点10 see10.… I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road.本句中用了see sb. doing sth.的结构，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看见的动作正在进行。例如：I saw him repairing his bike. 我看见他正在修他的自行车。【拓展】(1) see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调看到了动作的全过程。例如： I saw him repair his bike.我看见他修了他的自行车。(2) 能用do或doing做宾语补足语的词还有：feel; hear; watch; notice等。例如： I often heard him play the piano in his room when I was young.当我小的时候，我经常听见他在房间里弹钢琴。I noticed some birds singing. 我注意到一些鸟在歌唱。【经典练】1．（2022秋·天津河东·八年级校考期中）We plan ________ the traditional Beijing Opera.A．see B．to see C．seeing D．saw【答案】B【详解】句意：我们计划去看传统京剧。考查动词不定式作宾语。plan to do“计划做某事”，固定搭配，动词不定式在此处作宾语。故选B。【写作佳句】（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）While everyone was laughing at the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny.当每个人都在笑漫画页时，我拿起一本，想看看是什么这么好笑。考点11 as soon as possible11. Try to get out as soon as possible.(1) as … as possible 意为“尽可能的……”，as … as 中间加形容词或者副词的原级。例如：I hope my marks would be as high as possible. 我希望我的分数尽可能地高。He picked as many apples as possible in the apple garden. 他在果园摘了尽可能多的苹果。(2) as soon as possible意为“尽快，尽早”，与as soon as one can/could同义。例如： I will tell him as soon as possible. = I will tell him as soon as I can.【经典练】1．Miss Gao asked us to go to the office _________.A．as much as possible B．more quickly than sheC．as soon as possible D．as much as we can【答案】C【详解】句意：高老师让我们尽快去办公室。考查副词和固定用法。此处应该用副词修饰动词，排除A和D；B选项than后应接人称代词宾格her；as soon as possible表示“尽快”。故选C。【写作佳句】In order to send the donations（捐赠物）to the hospital as soon as possible, the drivers hardly stopped to eat or rest during the journey.为了尽快把捐赠物送到医院，司机们在旅途中几乎没有停下来吃饭或休息。  考点12 keep12. …about keeping ourselves safe from fires.本句中用了“keep + 名词 / 代词+ 形容词”的结构，意为“使……保持某种状态”。例如：Keep the door open, please. 请让门开着。【拓展】(1) keep作动词，意思是“保持”，常见的结构为“keep+形容词/动词-ing形式”，意为“使某物保持某种状态”。例如：The cat keeps running after the rat, trying to catch it. 那只猫一直在追赶老鼠，想要抓住它。I need to keep fit. 我需要保持健康。Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。(2) keep sb. doing sth.，表示“让某人一直做某事”。例如：You keep me waiting for half an hour. 你让我等了半个小时。(3) keep的相关短语： keep up with跟上，赶上 keep a shop 开商店 keep an eye on照看【经典练】1．（2022秋·江苏宿迁·八年级统考期末）It was so cold outside, so we had to make a fire ________ warm.A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept【答案】B【详解】句意：外面很冷，所以我们不得不生火来保持温暖。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，我们生火的目的是为了保持温暖，此处to do动词不定式用来表示目的。故选B。【写作佳句】（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）To keep healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.为了保持健康，我们已经习惯饭前洗手和使用公共筷子。考点13 try13. I tried my best to run out too…try one’s best to do sth.是动词短语，意为“努力或尽力去做某事”，相当于try to do sth.。例如：We tried our best to help the people in the village. 我们设法帮助那个村庄的人。They should try their best to finish the work on time. 他们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。【拓展】try one’s best to do sth.表示尽自己最大能力做某事, 强调的是要设法、想法的意思，等同于try to do sth.；try doing sth.表示尝试着做某事，强调尽力去做，尝试去做。例如：He tries to get the apple above the shelf，but fails to reach it.他尽力去够架子上的苹果，但是没够着。After a while, Tom comes in and tries showing his ability. 一会儿后，汤姆进来试着展示他的能力。He tired climbing the tall tree. 他试着爬上了那棵搞的树。I will try my best to do this work. 我将尽力去做这份工作。【经典练】1．（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）I was full, ________ the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.A．and B．but C．so D．or【答案】B【详解】句意：我吃饱了，但冰淇淋看起来太好吃了，我忍不住要尝一尝。考查连词辨析。and而且，表示并列；but但是，表示转折；so所以，表示因果；or或者，表示选择。根据“I was full,”以及“the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.”可知前后句之间表达的是转折关系，因此应用but连接，故选B。【写作佳句】（2020·四川资阳·中考真题）Children should have dreams and try to make them come true.孩子们应该有梦想，并努力让梦想成真。考点14 not....at all14. I could not see anything at all…not…at all意为“根本不，一点也不”，，用于否定句中，加强语气。例如：He doesn’t like meat at all. 他根本不喜欢吃肉。【拓展】Not at all.在口语中经常用到，有以下用法： (1) 用来表示否定（是No的加强说法），表示“一点也不，完全不”。例如： — Are you busy? 你忙吗？ — Not at all. 一点也不忙。 (2) 用于回答感谢，表示“不用谢；不客气”。例如： — Thank you very much. 非常感谢。 — Not at all. 别客气。 (3) 用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话，表示“没什么；哪里，哪里”。例如： — You are very kind. 你真好。 — Not at all. 没什么。 (4) 用于回答道歉，表示“没关系”。例如： — I’m sorry I’m late. 对不起，我迟到了。 — Oh, not at all. Come in, please. 哦，没关系，请进。一．过去进行时过去进行时的概念和用法: （一）定义：过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。结构：was/were +doing (现在分词）否定式：was / were not + doing was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t疑问句：将 was / were 调到主语前，结构为：Was/Were+主语+verb-ing?回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+ was not/wasn’t. were not/weren’t.（三）用法1. 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：【例题精讲】例1. We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。　　      例2. It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。例3. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。【例题精讲】例1. What was she doing at nine o’clock yesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点)例2. When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)【知识梳理2】while\when\as 与过去进行时1. when, while 和 as 这三个词都有“当………时候”的意思。【例题精讲】例1. There were fewer sandstorms when my grandparents were young. 我祖父母年轻时沙尘暴要少些。例2. While Mille was watching TV, her mum was sleeping.米莉在看电视时，妈妈在睡觉。例3. I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning.今天早晨我骑自行车时看到一起交通事故。2. when 和 as 既可以指某一点时间，也可以指某一段时间，其从句谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的，也可以是延续性的；while指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。即：指一段时间时when, while 和as都可用；指一点时间时，只能用when或as，不能用while。【例题精讲】例. 试比较：1. When/As he woke up, it was eight o’clock.(对)2. While he woke up, it was eight o’clock.（错）3. When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her.（错）3.当 while , when 和 as 放在句首时，两个句子应用逗号隔开。【例题精讲】例1. When the teacher came in, we were talking.例2. While the pig was dancing, the rabbit was jumping.例3. As the two men were leaving, a message arrived.写作主题：自然灾害与人身安全一、话题分析本单元的话题是“自然灾害与人身安全”，要求学生能根据相关信息提示简单地介绍一种自然灾害或者人身安全或灾害防范的基本常识，内容包括自然灾害或者突发事件发生的时间、地点、经过和结果、人身安全或灾害防范的各方面注意事项等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点：1. 能用过去进行时描述自然灾害或者突发事件发生的经过；2. 能用when,while,as等连词连接句子；3. 能正确使用标点符号；4. 能正确书写英语句子。二、写作步骤步骤一：确定介绍一种自然灾害或者人身安全或灾害防范的基本常识的内容和顺序。步骤二：列举介绍一种自然灾害或者人身安全或灾害防范的基本常识的句型，多多益善。步骤三：成段成篇，修改完善。三、词汇积累1 wake up 醒来2 crash into 撞上……3 fall from 从……上跌落下来4 mop up 把……拖干净5 wash away 冲走6 catch fire 着火7 feel a slight shake 感到轻微震动8 run out of 从……中跑出9 in all directions 四面八方10 come down 坍塌11 not…at all 一点也不12 a moment of fear 片刻的恐惧13 calm down 冷静下来14 shout for help 呼救15 move away 移开16 find one’s way out 找到出路17 at last 最后，终于18 break down 出故障，坏掉19 because of 因为，由于20 as…as possible 尽可能四、句型积累1 Who will mop up the water if I go home without you? 如果你不跟我回家，谁将拖干水呢？2 There was a heavy storm with thunder and lighting. 有一场暴风雨，电闪雷鸣。3 Lighting hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 闪电击中了一栋教学楼，并引发了火灾。4 I was sleeping when the earthquake started. 地震发生时我正在睡觉。5 Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were failing down.外面，人们四处奔跑，成片的玻璃与砖头纷纷落下。6 A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑海里闪过片刻的恐惧，但我告诉自己要冷静，因为自己还活着。7 Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. 幸运的是，有足够的空间来容我移动。8 …I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me. 当我正在尽力寻找出路时，我突然听到楼上有嘈杂声。五、写作训练1．每个人的生命只有一次，一定要珍爱自己的生命。该怎样保护自己?请根据以下提示，以"How to protect ourselves"为标题写一篇发言稿.参考词汇：safety, traffic rules, hurt oneself, without permission, self-protection, stay away from. . , be careful, be in danger, keep calm, call. . for help要求∶1）语言表达准确，短文连贯、通顺。2）短文应包括表格中所有内容，可适当发挥，不要逐句翻译。3）词数80左右。文章开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。How to protect ourselvesDear friends, Everyone has only one life, so we should treasure our lives. But how can we protect ourselves? Here are some suggestions. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________In a word, we should try our best to protect ourselves and value our lives. That's all. Thank you!1．【参考范文】How to protect ourselvesDear friends,Everyone has only one life, so we should treasure our lives. But how can we protect ourselves? Here are some suggestions.First, safety is very important for everyone. So we should obey the traffic rules when we go out. As for food, we should eat healthier food and less junk food. We should make sure not to hurt ourselves when we exercise. By the way, even though it's getting hotter and hotter these days, we mustn't swim in the river without permission.Secondly, self-protection is one of the key skills. We should be careful when we make friends and try our best to stay away from dangerous people. But if we are in danger, we should keep calm first. Then call the police on 110 or ask the teachers or parents for help.In a word, we should try our best to protect ourselves and value our lives.That's all. Thank you!【解析】这是提纲类命题性英文写作。在写作时要使用题目中说过的材料进行书写，文章的内容要围绕题目进行的书写。文章的内容要包含题目所给的所有的信息。在书写时，文章中句子的时态使用一般现在时和第一人称，文章的层次要清楚，逻辑关系要合理。文章的语句要通顺，文章中不要出现任何语法和拼写错误。【点评】这篇英文书写写出了保护自己的几个建议。文章中使用了常用的句式结构。例如倒装句式 Here are some suggestions. ；even though引导的让步状语从句 even though it's getting hotter and hotter these days, we mustn't swim in the river without permission. 含有when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句和if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句。 We should be careful when we make friends and try our best to stay away from dangerous people. But if we are in danger, we should keep calm first. 常用的短语：obey the traffic rules ;go out ; As for ; junk food ; make sure ; By the way ; even though ; one of the key skills ; be careful ; in danger ; try our best to do; stay away from ; In a word 等。文章句式结构简单，容易理解。Unit 8 Natural disasters一．重点词组赏析Unit8核心话题自然灾害重点词汇up,earthquake,coach,flood,village,storm,shake,loud,fear,while,heart,beat,mind,since,still,alive,dark,shout,daylight,asleep,after,direction, nervous,safe,rule,railway,bum,daughter,board,headache,countryside 重点短语1．natural disasters 自然灾害2．thousands of people 成千上万的人3．crash into 撞上4．wash away 冲走5. a heavy storm with thunder and lightning 一场雷电交加的大风暴6．feel a slight shake 感觉到轻微的震动7．in all directions 四面八方8．come down 崩塌，坍塌9．not．．．at all 一点也不10．find one’s way out 找到出路11．scream in fear 恐惧地尖叫12．run out of 从······中跑出来13．be trapped 被困住了14. hear some noise above me听到我上面有些噪音15．move away 移走16．on the side of the road 在路边17．as．．．as possible 尽可能······18. cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel用湿毛巾捂住你的嘴巴和鼻子19. stay low to the ground贴近地面20. follow traffic rules遵守交通规则21. keep your hand in cold water把你的手放在冷水里22．fall over 摔倒重点句型1. Who will mop up the water if I go home without you?2. Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire.3. I was sleeping when the earthquake started. 4. A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm downsinceIwas still alive.5.Luckily,there was just enough space for me to move.6. My dad's car broke down because of the cold weather.7.When/While/As Millie was watching TV. Andy came into the room. 8. We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires,floods,earthquakes and traffic accidents.9. First,you should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes. 10. I was doing my homework in the class-room when Mr. Wu came in and told us to go home early.语法过去进行时写作自然灾害与人身安全安全对每个人都很重要交通：外出时遵守交通规则食品:吃健康食物，少吃垃圾食品活动:进行体育锻炼时，不要弄伤自己不私自下河游泳自我保护是重要技能之一交友需谨慎远离危险之人遇到危险要保持冷静然后要及时报警或向老师、家长求助尽可能避免受伤害保证自己的安全natural disasters自然灾害be all wet全湿了wake up醒来mop up the water把水拖干净crash into a tree撞到树上wash away冲走start a big fire引起一场大火catch fire着火be asleep睡着scream in fear恐惧的尖叫in all directions四面八方pieces of glass and bricks玻璃块和砖块come down崩塌feel nervous感觉紧张不安的a moment of fear一阵恐惧calm down平静下来be still alive仍然活着be trapped被困住的find one’s way out找到出路keep sb safe保持某人安全soon after…在…之后不久a terrible snowstorm一场可怕的暴风雪break down（车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉fall over跌倒get out as soon as possible尽早逃出去cover one’s month with a wet towel用一块湿毛巾盖住嘴巴protect oneself from thick smoke保护自己免受浓烟（的伤害）follow the traffic rules遵守交通规则traffic accidents交通事故burn one’s hand(s)烧/ 烫伤某人的手nearly fall over 差一点摔跤hear the wind blowing听到风在吹see many people waiting there 看到许多人正在那里等候because of the heavy snow由于这场大雪clear the snow from the streets把雪从街上清除掉二、重点句型赏析1.I was sleeping when it started to rain. 当开始下雨时，我正在睡觉。2.Soon the real noise came, like bombs under the ground. 很快，像地下的炸弹一样的声音传来。3.Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 外面，碎玻璃和碎砖纷纷掉落下来，人们四处逃散。4.I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was near me. 我什么也看不见，也不知道是否有人在我附近。5.I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. 我感到紧张，我的心跳得很快。6.A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑中掠过一阵恐惧，但我告诉我自己要镇定下来，既然我仍然活着。7.I started to pull myself slowly through the dark. 我开始在黑暗中慢慢地向前移动身体。8.As I was trying to find my way out. I suddenly heard some noise above me. 当我尝试着找到出路，我突然听到了上面的噪声。9.Timmy was sleeping/asleep when the earthquake started. 当地震开始的时候蒂姆在睡觉。10.My dad’s car broke down because of the cold weather. 由于糟糕的天气我爸爸的汽车出故障了。11.Stay low to the ground.贴着地面。12.The snow kept falling around us. 雪不停地在我们周围落下。13.I was doing my homework in the classroom when Mr. Wu came in and told us to go home early. 当吴老师进来告诉我们早点回家时，我正在教室里做家庭作业。14.We lost our umbrella in the wind and I nearly fell over. 我们在风中丢了雨伞，我差点儿摔倒。15.Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind.突然，一阵大风从后面刮来。【重点语法】1 过去进行时的结构及用法过去进行时态表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作行为。过去进行时与一般过去时一样，也常和表示过去的时间状语连用。含义：①过去某个时间正在发生的动作例：He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。②过去某段时间正在发生的动作    例：I was staying here from March to May last year. 去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。标志词： at nine last night/  at that time= then/at this time yesterday  /或有when the teacher came in/  while he was reading等；昨天下午3点到5点 from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. yesterday昨天这时 at this time/moment yesterday昨天整个早上/下午 the whole morning/afternoon yesterday那时 at that time/moment结构：肯定结构：主语+was/were + doing+其他否定结构：主语+was/were + not + doing+其他一般疑问句结构：Was/Were+主语+doing+其他？答语：Yes，主语+was/were,/ No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+ was/were+主语+ doing+其他？2 过去进行时中when，while和as的用法当两个比较长的动作发生时，我们可以在两个从句中用过去进行时，以‘while’连接。当一个比较长的动作正在进行时，有其他动作同事发生，我们可用‘when’，‘while’或‘as’将两个动作连接起来。When可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，而while只能和延续性动词连用。 When从句的动作可以在主句动作之前，之后和同时发生 While从句的动作必须是和主句同时发生，此时也可用when/as。当两个延续性动词同事发生时，两个句子都使用过去进行时，并用while连接。