人教版八年级英语上册单元速记·巧练Unit3【速记清单】(原卷版+解析)

这是一份人教版八年级英语上册单元速记·巧练Unit3【速记清单】(原卷版+解析)，共56页。
Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.考点1 both意为＂两个；两个都＂[教材原句]　1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.(P17)（1）both意为＂两个；两个都＂，常见用法如下：●作代词，指代上文提到的复数名词或代词。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。●作形容词，修饰复数名词，且名词前可有定冠词、限定词、名词所有格等修饰。Both of them like playing guitar. 他们俩都喜欢弹吉他。Both of them are Chinese. 他俩都是中国人。The prospects both excited and worried me. 这前景使我既激动又忧虑。Both students like English. 两个学生都喜欢英语。【易混辨析】【归纳拓展】（2）better 在此意为＂更好地；较好地＂，是副词well的比较级。 Tom sings very well, but Jim sings better than Tom. 汤姆歌唱得很好，但是吉姆比汤姆唱得更好。【归纳拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）The twin brothers are good at football and ________ of them have a talent for sports.A．neither B．either C．both D．all2．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Jack, when are we going to buy a birthday gift for our grandma, today or tomorrow?— ___________ are OK. I am available.A．All B．Both C．Neither D．None【写作佳句】 （2023·四川自贡·校考一模）Both the crowded traffic and the high living cost. The only reason is the badly polluted air.——既不是拥挤的交通，也不是高昂的生活成本。唯一的原因是严重的空气污染。考点2 loudly为副词，意为＂喧闹地；大声地；响亮地＂[教材原句]　2. And she also sings more loudly than Tara. (P17, 1c)loudly为副词，意为＂喧闹地；大声地；响亮地＂，还常与 ring、knock等动词连用。其反义词为quietly。Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人大声地敲门。【易混辨析】aloud, loud, loudly【经典练】1．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）If I don’t talk ________, my old grandmother can’t hear me.A．quickly B．loudly C．suddenly D．quietly2．（2017·天津·中考真题）We had a football match yesterday. Our fans cheered us on and we felt more. confident.A．slowly . B．loudly . C．nearly . D．carelessly【写作佳句】（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）It is impolite to speak loudly in public.句意：在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。考点3 as...as[教材原句] 3. Are you as friendly as your sister?(P19)as...as的用法：（1）as...as的含义为＂和……一样＂，用于形容词、副词的同级比较。两个as的词性和用法不一样，第一个as是副词，后面接形容词或副词的原级，第二个as为连词。I’m as tall as Nelly. 我和内莉一样高。Tom runs as fast as Sam. 汤姆和萨姆跑得一样快。Lily is not so outgoing as Lucy. 莉莉不如露西外向。【经典练】1．（2023·云南昆明·昆明八中校考模拟预测）You can realize your dream ________ you stick to it and work hard for it.A．as long as B．as true as C．as well as D．as good as【写作佳句】（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）My math teacher lives a(n) active life. She looks as young as she did ten years ago.句意：我的数学老师过着积极的生活。她看起来和十年前一样年轻。考点4 win v. 赢；赢得[教材原句]4. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过你能看出来莉萨真的想赢。（1）tell此处意为＂看出，知道，判断＂，表示此意时常与情态动词can，could和be able to连用。其后若接介词from，表示＂辨别；区别；认出＂。Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能分得出汤姆和他的孪生弟弟吗？（2）win v. 赢；赢得现在分词为winning，过去式和过去分词均为won。Which team won? 哪个队赢了？【易混辨析】They won the game yesterday. 他们昨天赢得了那场比赛。Zhang Yining won a gold medal in the women’s singles. 张怡宁赢得了女子单打金牌。The LA Lakers beat the Rockets. 洛杉矶湖人队打败了火箭队。【一语辨异】（3）though adv. 不过；可是 conj. 虽然；尽管though在句中作副词，意为＂不过；可是；然而＂，常位于句末。It’s hard work. I enjoy it though. 这是件辛苦的工作，但我乐意做。It was quite true though. 可那的确是真的。【归纳拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·吉林·模拟预测）Tom ________ an English competition last year.A．wins B．won C．will win2．（2023·甘肃武威·校考模拟预测）—He is looking forward ________ the match.—So am I. A．win B．won C．winning D．to winning【写作佳句】（2021·四川成都·统考中考真题）As long as we continue to pull together, we’ll keep winning the game.句意：只要我们继续齐心协力，我们就会继续赢得比赛。考点5 talented 有天赋的[教材原句] is talented in music. (P 20. 1a)be talented in指＂在……方面有天赋＂，后接名词或动名词。Mozart was talented in music. 莫扎特有音乐天赋。。You’re very talented in speaking English. 你很有说英语的天赋。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023春·湖北武汉·七年级武汉市卓刀泉中学校考阶段练习）—What do you think of Tara?—I think she is very ________, she is the best singer I’ve ever known.A．busy B．tidy C．talented D．funny2．（2022秋·河北石家庄·八年级校考期中）I’m taller than my sister, but I am as ________ as her.A．talented B．talentC．more talented D．most talented【写作佳句】（2019·江苏盐城·中考真题）You need not only talent but also hard work to become a successful football player.句意：你不仅需要天赋，还需要努力工作才能成为一名足球运动员。考点6 the same as[教材原句] likes to do the same things as me(P20, 1a)＂the same +名词 + as＂意为＂……和……一样＂。　Her hair’s the same color as her mother’s. 她的头发颜色跟她母亲的一样。【知识拓展】【易混辨析】【拓展】The same to you! 表示＂你也一样！＂，是回复对方祝福的常用语。—Happy New Year! 新年快乐！—The same to you! 你也一样！【经典练】1．（2023春·八年级单元测试）Our dreams are ________ theirs. We all hope to live in a peaceful world.A．same to B．the same asC．same as D．the same to2．（2023·全国·八年级假期作业）—Is your dress ________ mine?   —Yes, it is.A．the same big as B．the same size as C．as bigger as D．as same size as【写作佳句】（2019·湖南株洲·中考真题）Every one of us should always breathe the same breath and share the same future as the people.句意“我们每一个人应该与人民共呼吸、共命运”。考点7 makes me laugh(P20, 1a)make sb. do sth.使某人做某事。使役动词make和感官动词see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice 等都接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。She made me stay with her. 她让我和她待在一起。【知识拓展】【巧记口诀】【经典练】1．Tom and Jerry always ________.A．make me to laugh B．makes me laugh C．makes me to happy D．makes I laugh2．（2023·江苏盐城·校考三模）“He often makes me laugh.” The structure of this sentence is “________”.A．S + V + P B．S + V + DO + IO C．S + V + DO + OC D．S+V+IO+DO【写作佳句】（2022·江苏南京·统考中考真题）—Lost in Thailand. I like comedies because they often make me laugh.《泰囧》。我喜欢喜剧，因为它们经常使我发笑。考点8 it作形式主语[教材原句] I’m so shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. (P21, 2b)(1)It is+形容词/名词+(for sb. +) to do sth.，it是形式主语，动词不定式to do sth.是真正的主语。sb.为宾格代词或名词，因为主语太长，为了使句子保持平衡，习惯上把真正的主语放在后面，这样就避免了句子头重脚轻。 It’s not easy to learn a foreign language. 学一门外语是不容易的。(2)＂It is+形容词+ (for sb. +) to do sth.＂相当于＂It’s+形容词+that 从句＂。It’s is better for you to live alone for some time.=It is better that you live alone for some time. 你单独住一段时间更好些。【注意】形容词若表示人的性格与品质，如kind, good, nice, wrong等，for sb. 要改为of sb.。 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。【经典练】1．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考二模）It’s foolish ________ such a mistake.A．for him to make B．of him making C．of him to make【写作佳句】（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）—It’s neither too cold nor too hot all year round in Kunming, making it a perfect place to live in or visit.句意：——昆明一年四季不太冷也不太热，是一个居住或旅游的好地方。考点9 as long as＂只要；既然＂[教材原句] But I think friends are like books — you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. (P21, 2b)as long as＂只要；既然＂，表示条件，意思是＂只要＂，引导条件状语从句。The air ticket to Sydney will be half price as long as you book it three months earlier. 只要你提前三个月预订，飞往悉尼的票价就会减半。I’m sure we are safe as long as we are in his care. 我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我们就可以去。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测）We are sure to realize our goals ________ we keep trying and never give up.A．so that B．even though C．as long as D．no matter how2．（2023·重庆大渡口·统考一模）________ all the Chinese people work hard together, the great China Dream will come true soon.A．As if B．As C．As long as D．As soon as【写作佳句】（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Your son’s dream will come true as long as he studies hard .句意：——只要你儿子努力学习，他的梦想就会实现。考点10 　be similar to与……相像的/类似的[教材原句] My best friend is similar to Larry because she’s less hard-working than me. (P 22, 2d)　be similar to与……相像的/类似的，相当于be like。Your new haircut is similar to mine. 你的新发型和我的相似。Jack is similar to his father in many ways. 杰克在很多方面与他爸爸相似。similar与in连用时，构成be similar in sth.意为＂在某方面相似/相仿＂。Ice fishing, a popular winter sport, is similar in many ways to regular fishing. 冰下捕鱼，一个受欢迎的冬季运动，在许多方面与常规钓鱼是相似的。【易混辨析】be similar to, be similar in (1)be similar to意为＂与……相像的/类似的＂。(2)be similar in意为＂在……方面相似＂。【易混辨析】【经典练】1．（2022·九年级单元测试）My phone is just ________ yours, but not ________.A．similar to; same B．similar as; the sameC．similar to; the same D．similar with; same2．（2012秋·九年级单元测试）Tony’s trousers are ____ his twin brother’s. They have the same colour and size.A．different from B．the same C．similar to D．the same to【写作佳句】（2021秋·八年级课时练习）He is similar to Tom, because they both enjoy playing basketball.句意：他和汤姆很相似，因为他们都喜欢打篮球。考点11 care about 关心；在意Do you care about your future? 你关心自己的未来吗？He doesn’t care about the news. 他对这条新闻并不关心。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023秋·全国·八年级假期作业）I don’t like Jenny at all. She thinks only of herself but never _________ others.A．cares about B．brings out C．waits for D．picks up2．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）Earth Day reminds people to ________ the earth—the home to all the living things.A．dream about B．care about C．hear about D．complain about【写作佳句】（2022秋·辽宁沈阳·九年级统考期末）Parents care about their children’s education more than anything else nowadays.句意：现在父母相比较其他的事情更关注孩子的教育。考点12 laugh v. 笑；发笑He who laughs last laughs longest. 别高兴得太早。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023春·全国·八年级期末）The movie “Mr. Bean” made us a lot last night.A．laugh B．laughed C．to laugh2．（2023春·全国·八年级期中）When she heard the joke, she couldn’t help ______.A．laughing B．to laugh C．crying D．to cry【写作佳句】（2023·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测）As the saying goes, he who laughs last laughs best.句意：俗话说，笑到最后的人笑得最好。考点13 serious adj. 严肃的；稳重的serious用作形容词，用来指人的表情严肃或事情严重，常用短语： be serious about＂对……认真＂。Our math teacher is a serious man. 我们的数学老师是一个严肃的男人。The mistake is not very serious. 这错误不太严重。You should be serious about your job. 你应该认真对待你的工作。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中学校考模拟预测）I think Mr Lin is a little ________, because he never plays jokes on us.A．kind B．clever C．confident D．serious2．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）Nowadays, many old people in China ________ health and run for exercise every morning.A．are angry with B．are serious about C．are good at【写作佳句】（2023·安徽滁州·统考一模）—Food waste has been a serious problem in our school.句意：——食物浪费在我们国家已成为一个严重的问题。考点14 bring out 使显现；使表现出I want to bring out the meaning of the poem. 我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好/最坏的一面展现出来。Please tell me how to bring out the best in me. 请告诉我怎样把我最好的一面展现出来。The party brought out the worst in Bill. 这次宴会使比尔显现出了最丑恶的一面。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—Paul is so shy that she needs ________. However, she doesn’t know how.—You can help her discover her good qualities to be more confident.A．bringing out B．hanging up C．getting out D．breaking up2．（2023·安徽合肥·统考二模）—I really like Mr Zhang, our math teacher. —So do I. He knows how to ________ students’ study interest. A．use up B．pay back C．bring out D．cut down【写作佳句】（2021·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Don’t be upset. Sometimes challenges can bring out the best in us.句意：不要沮丧。有时候挑战能激发出我们最好的一面。考点15 reach for 伸手去拿He reached over for the last cake. 他伸过手来拿最后一块蛋糕。【易混辨析】【经典练】1．（2023·河北石家庄·统考二模）—Do you know the spacewoman Wang Yaping?—Sure. She is called the mother who ________ the stars.A．put away B．reached for C．looked after D．gave out2．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）— As we all know, the spacewoman WangYaping made history — she is China’s first teacher in space.— Yes, and she is also called the mother who ________ the stars.A．looked after B．put away C．gave out D．reached for【写作佳句】（2023·福建福州·福建省福州延安中学校考二模）A true friend is a person who reaches for your hand and touches your heart.句意：一个真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并触动你心灵的人。考点16 share v. 分享；共享；共用；分摊The twins share a room. 这对双胞胎合住一间房间。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中学校考模拟预测）We will be happier if we ________ our happiness with others.A．sell B．share C．start D．separate2．（2023·四川凉山·模拟预测）When the mother heard her baby daughter say her first word, she felt so excited that she made a short video on Tik Tok (抖音) ________ her joy.A．shared B．share C．to share D．sharing【写作佳句】（2021·江苏南通·统考中考真题）—Simon, we can save energy by riding shared bicycles.—That’s true.Moreover , using air conditioners less is also a good way.句意：——Simon，我们可以通过骑共享自行车来节约能源。——那确实。而且，少用空调也是一个好办法。一．语法精讲——形容词、副词的比较级形容词和副词的比较级一、定义比较级用于两者(人或事物)的比较，表示其中一个比另一个＂更……＂或＂较……＂，后面用连词than 连接另一个所比较的人或事物。 二、用法1. 表示两个人或事物作比较时，形容词要用比较级形式，形容词比较级之后常用than引出比较的对象。This pen is longer than that one. 这支钢笔比那支长。New York is bigger than Cambridge. 纽约比剑桥大。2. 表示两者之间的选择，意为＂哪一个更……＂。Who is taller, Lily or Lucy? 莉莉和露西相比，谁更高？三、形容词比较级的变化1. 形容词或副词的比较级的规则变化：【记忆口诀】2. 不规则变化【记忆口诀】三、形容词比较级前的修饰词比较级前可以用much、a little、a lot、even、rather、still、any、a bit、far等词修饰，起强调作用，不可用very、so、quite、too(只能修饰原级)等修饰。Believe me, you really look much better than before. 相信我，你看起来真的比以前好多了。He is a lot taller than me. 他比我高很多。They went there a little later than others. 他们比其他人稍微去晚一点儿。It’s even bigger than an island. 它甚至比一座岛屿都大。He is far stronger than his brother. 他比他哥哥强壮得多。四、形容词、副词比较级的用法1. 最基本句型＂主语 + be(is/am/are) + 形容词比较级 + than + 比较对象＂。than后接人称代词时可以是主格或宾格。than前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。 She is a little more outgoing than me. 她比我性格外向一点。2. 比较级前可以用much、a little、a lot、even、rather、still、any、a bit、far等词修饰，起强调作用，不可用very、so、quite、too(只能修饰原级)等修饰。 It’s cold today, but it is going to be even colder tomorrow. 今天很冷，但明天会更冷。3. 在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 Who do you think is more beautiful, Lucy or Lily? 你认为谁更漂亮，露茜还是莉莉？4. 当两者比较只出现一方，含有of the two/of the twins结构时，比较级前要加the，意为＂两个中比较……的一个＂。 He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的一个。5. ＂get/become + 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级＂是＂变得越来越……＂的意思，and连接同一个形容词的比较级。当表示＂越来越……＂时，形容词为多音节词或一些双音节词，用＂more and more+原级＂结构。 It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。6. ＂the + 形容词比较级…, the + 形容词比较级…＂意为＂越……就越……＂。两个＂比较级＂不要求一定词性相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定。 The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。7. 表示＂比……大(长、多、宽……)几倍＂，用＂…times + 形容词比较级 + than…＂结构。Our classroom is twice larger than yours. 我们的教室比你们的大两倍。8. 表示＂重几斤＂、＂高几厘米＂、＂大几岁＂等，可用＂表示数量的词 + 形容词比较级 + than…＂。Tom is six years older than you. 汤姆比你大六岁。9. 当表达＂……之一＂、＂第几大/小/高/矮……＂时，往往用最高级，而不用比较级。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。10. ＂形容词比较级 + than any other + 单数可数名词＂表示＂……比其他的任何……都……＂，此句型可以换成最高级。 Li Lei is cleverer than any other student in the class.=Li Lei is the cleverest student in the class. 李磊是班上最聪明的学生。11. ＂more+形容词＂与＂less +形容词＂及not so(as)…as的互换。要注意前后比较对象要倒换位置。 Chinese is more important than English.=English is less important than Chinese.=English is not so important as Chinese. 汉语比英语重要。12. 比较级的替代。使用比较级时，前后两个比较项要保持一致。若前一个比较项是不可数名词，则后一个比较项可为替代词 that。若前一个比较项是可数名词复数，则后一个比较项可为替代词those。The weather in Nanjing is warmer than that in Beijing in winter. 在冬天南京的天气比北京暖和。The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two. 一班同学比二班同学学习用功。比较级的使用原则：（1）自身不进行比较，排除自己的方法是使用 any other。He is taller than any other boy in his class. (不能去掉other)他比他班里的其他任何男孩都高。（2）比较的对象必须是同类的人或事物。My name is longer than yours. (不能将yours写成 you)我的名字比你的名字长。【名师点睛】二、谈论人物的个性特征本单元的话题是谈论人物的个性特征，本单元的写作题目与描写人物的个性特征相关。写此类短文时，要抓住所比较的人物的特点，从外貌特征(如tall, short, thin, fat, long/short hair等)、个性特点(如outgoing, funny, friendly, hard-working, smart等)等方面来描述。若要进行人物个性特征的比较，则要写出他们的相同点和不同点，并能够正确使用比较级进行表达。语言要精炼、准确，行文要流畅。一、词汇积累(一)人物对比类短语1. 与……不同 ________________________________2. 与……相像的________________________________3. 和……相同________________________________4. 和……一样高________________________________(二)人物描述类短语1. 在某方面有天赋________________________________2. 擅长于________________________________(三)朋友相处类短语1. 和某人相处得好________________________________2. 真正关心我________________________________3. 分享一切________________________________4. 使我笑________________________________(四)写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级形式1. tall → ____________________ →____________________2. short →____________________ →____________________3. late →____________________ →____________________4. lazy →____________________ →____________________5. funny →____________________ →____________________6. early →____________________ →____________________7. thin →____________________ →____________________8. popular →____________________ →____________________9. good →____________________ →____________________10. bad →____________________ →____________________ 二、句子积累(一)佳句欣赏与模拟1. My best friend Larry is quite different from me.【quite为副词，可以用来修饰形容词，表示程度，意为＂十分＂】我十分擅长英语。________________________________________________________________________2. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.【it’s＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样】取得好成绩对我来说很容易。________________________________________________________________________3. Larry is much less hard-working, though.【much/a little/a lot＋比较级】事实上，李明跑步比我快得多。________________________________________________________________________(二)表达个人的择友观1. 在我看来，有相同点是必要的。In my view, it’s ____________________ to be the same.2. 我真的不介意朋友是与我相同或是不同。I don’t ____________________ ____________________ if friends are the same as me or different.3. 我认为朋友就该像书——你不需要很多，只要他们好就行。I think friends ____________________ ____________________ books — you don’t need a lot of them ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ they’re good.(三)写作微技能：比较级的巧用形容词和副词的比较级，能帮助你更具体、生动、形象地描述所要描写的人物，写出评价人物的文章。如：I’m more outgoing than my sister. I work as hard as my sister.你可以根据你的需要，用＂than，as... as＂等更具体、生动地描述人物间的相同点与不同点。1. Lisa唱得比Sam好。Lisa sings ____________________ ____________________ Sam.2. 他和我一样外向。He is ____________________ outgoing ____________________ me.3. Peter学习不如Tom努力。Peter doesn’t work ____________________ hard ____________________ Tom. 三、以读促写根据所给汉语或首字母提示，写出空白处所缺单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。完成后请找出文中的比较级并思考其在文中的用法。My Best Friend and IMy favorite 1 (谚语) is ＂Friends are God’s way of taking care of us.＂ It makes me think about my best friend Linda. We have known each other since we were in 2 (最初的) school. In some ways, we look 3 (相像的), and in some ways, we look different.B 4 of us have black eyes and long black hair, but she is a little taller than I. I’m quiet and 5 (严肃的), so it’s not easy for me to make friends and get on with other 6 (小孩). However, Linda is not as quiet as me. She is 7 (外向的). She is so 8 (有才能的) in telling jokes that she always makes me l 9 . It’s so lucky to have a friend like her. As for study, both of us are 10 (辛勤的) and like to learn everything new. We enjoy studying together. But Linda is better at study and gets better g 11 than I do. She always tries her best to help me as l 12 as I have problems. With her help, I made great progress in my lessons. I’m very thankful for all that she has done for me. I think I 13 (应该) learn from her and try to help others just like her. In our free time, we often talk about and 14 (分享) everything. In f 15 , I think I’m a good listener and always there to listen. 16 (虽然) Linda is quite different from me, I don’t really 17 (在意) if my friends are the same as me or different. I 18 (真正) understand that a life without friendship is like a day without sunshine. Linda is my true friend who reaches my hand and touches my 19 (内心). Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. 一、重点语句play the drums 敲鼓the singing competition 歌咏比赛learn something new 学一些新东西have fun 玩得开心；过得愉快be talented in 在……方面有天赋the same as 和……相同；与……一致care about 关心；在意a good listener 善于倾听的人make friends 交朋友as long as 只要；既然be different from 与……不同；与……有差异bring out 使显现；使表现出get good grades 取得好成绩in fact 确切地说；事实上；实际上break one's arm 摔断了某人的胳膊be similar to 与……相像的、类似的primary school 小学be good with 善于应付……的；对……有办法…………………………………………be good at (doing) sth. 擅长(做)某事help (to) do sth. 帮忙做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事…………………………………………A good friend is like a mirror. 好朋友就像一面镜子。Friends are like books — you don't need a lot of them as long as they're good. 朋友如书，不在多而贵在好。A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 一个真正的朋友是在需要时给你帮助，使你感动。She's always there to listen. 她随时都能够听我倾诉。用法集萃1. the same as...意为“与······相同”。My birthday is the same as Tom’s. 我的生日与汤姆的一样。I have the same school bag as yours. 我有一个和你一样的书包。be different from...意为“和······不一样”，是the same as...的反义词组。Lucy is different from Lily. 露西与莉莉不一样。[拓展] difference 意为“不同；不用之处”，可做可数名词，也可用作不可数名词。例如：There is no difference between the twins. 那对双胞胎长得一模一样。[拓展]be similar to 意为“和······相似” 2. as...as 与……一样； not as/so...as 不如···中间加形容词或副词的原级。He is as tall as Tom. 他跟汤姆一样高。She isn’t as outgoing as her sister. 她不如她的姐姐外向。3. win “赢得，获得”，后面常接战争、比赛、游戏、奖品等。 beat“打败”，后面只能跟竞争的对手。4. as long as“只要……”“既然……”，引导让步状语从句 I’m sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care.我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。as long as “与…一样长/久” The river is as long as that one.这条河与那条河一样长。5. aloud; loud; loudlyloud可用作形容词或副词。作形容词时，意为“响亮的”，可作定语或表语；作副词时，意为“高声地; 响亮地”，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用。如：Don’t make loud noise, please. 请不要大吵大闹。Facts speak louder than eloquence. 事实胜于雄辩。aloud常与动词read连用，强调从不出声到出声，别人能听得见，但声音不一定很大, 没有比较级和最高级形式。如：Don’t read aloud in the library. 在图书馆里不要朗读。loudly为副词，与loud同义，有时可与loud互换使用，但loudly通常指令人讨厌的声音。如：It’s not polite to shout loudly at the old. 冲老人大喊大叫是不礼貌的。重点句子点拨：1.Both Sam and Tom play the drums. 萨姆和汤姆都打鼓。 We both like sports. 我们两个都喜欢运动。They are both tall. 他们两个都高。[总结]：both 表示两者都,both…and…意为“···和···都···”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。[拓展]：① neither …nor…意为“···和···都不；既不···也不···”表示两者都不。连接两个并列的主语时，谓语的单复数形式采用“就近原则”。Neither you nor she is right. 你和她都不对。②either…or…意为“或者···或者····”，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。 Either you or she is wrong. 不是你错了，就是他错了。③not only…but also…意为“不仅···而且···”，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。Not only I but also she likes playing drums. 不仅我喜欢打鼓，而且她也喜欢打鼓。2. The one with short hair. 留着短头发的那个。 点拨： with为介词，意为“具有，带有，有····的”。I want to have a house with a swimming pool. 我想有一栋带有游泳池的房子。[拓展] ①with意为“和···一起”。 He is playing with his friends. 他正和他的朋友一起玩。②with意为“用···”，强调使用具体的工具。Please cut it with a knife. 请用刀把它切开。3.Tina thinks she works harder than me.  点拨：(1) work hard努力工作/学习， hard work艰苦的工作， hard-working adj. 工作努力的，辛勤的 He work hard at English and he is a hard-working student.他努力学习英语，他是一个勤奋的好学生。 (2) she works harder than me作think 的宾语，是宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述语序。 I don’t know what her name is.我不知道她叫什么名字。4. I think a good friend makes me laugh.  点拨：(1) make sb. do sth.使某人做某事      使役动词make /let 和see /hear /watch等感官动词都接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。  My teacher makes me do my homework every day.我老师每天都让我做家庭作业。 (2) laugh v. 笑 & n. 笑；笑声    He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。  We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。    laugh at 嘲笑 Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。5. I’m shy, so it’s not easy for me to make friends. 点拨：(1) It is + adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth. 句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，sb.为名词或代词的宾格形式。   词句中的形容词主要有：easy, hard, difficult, important, interesting等 It’s better for you to live alone for some time.你单独住一段时间更好些。    It is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do sth. 句型中的形容词表示人的性格与品质，主要有：kind, good, nice, wrong等     It is very nice of you to give me such a good present for my birthday.你给我这么好的礼物真是太好了。 (2) make friends交朋友。 典句必背1. I’m more outgoing than my sister. 我比我妹妹更外向。 2. Who’s more hard-working at school? 在学校谁比较勤奋。 3. The most important thing is to learn something and have fun. 最重要的事是学到东西，并过得快乐。 4. Who is smarter, your mother or your father? 你妈妈和你爸爸谁更聪明。Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.考点1 both意为＂两个；两个都＂[教材原句]　1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.(P17)（1）both意为＂两个；两个都＂，常见用法如下：●作代词，指代上文提到的复数名词或代词。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。●作形容词，修饰复数名词，且名词前可有定冠词、限定词、名词所有格等修饰。Both of them like playing guitar. 他们俩都喜欢弹吉他。Both of them are Chinese. 他俩都是中国人。The prospects both excited and worried me. 这前景使我既激动又忧虑。Both students like English. 两个学生都喜欢英语。【易混辨析】【归纳拓展】（2）better 在此意为＂更好地；较好地＂，是副词well的比较级。 Tom sings very well, but Jim sings better than Tom. 汤姆歌唱得很好，但是吉姆比汤姆唱得更好。【归纳拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）The twin brothers are good at football and ________ of them have a talent for sports.A．neither B．either C．both D．all【答案】C【详解】句意：这对双胞胎兄弟擅长足球，他们俩都有体育天赋。考查代词。neither两者都不；either两者中的任何一个；both两者都；all三者及以上全部。此处是指双胞胎兄弟，是指两者，排除D；根据“The twin brothers are good at football and...of them have a talent for sports.”可知，两人都有体育天赋，both of作主语，谓语动词用复数have。故选C。2．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Jack, when are we going to buy a birthday gift for our grandma, today or tomorrow?— ___________ are OK. I am available.A．All B．Both C．Neither D．None【答案】B【详解】句意：——杰克，我们什么时候给奶奶买生日礼物，今天还是明天？——都可以。我有空。考查代词。all全部（三者及以上）；both两者都；neither两者都不；none没有一个（三者及以上）。根据“ today or tomorrow?”可知是指两者，结合“I am available.”可知今天和明天都可以，应用both，故选B。【写作佳句】 （2023·四川自贡·校考一模）Both the crowded traffic and the high living cost. The only reason is the badly polluted air.——既不是拥挤的交通，也不是高昂的生活成本。唯一的原因是严重的空气污染。考点2 loudly为副词，意为＂喧闹地；大声地；响亮地＂[教材原句]　2. And she also sings more loudly than Tara. (P17, 1c)loudly为副词，意为＂喧闹地；大声地；响亮地＂，还常与 ring、knock等动词连用。其反义词为quietly。Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人大声地敲门。【易混辨析】aloud, loud, loudly【经典练】1．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）If I don’t talk ________, my old grandmother can’t hear me.A．quickly B．loudly C．suddenly D．quietly【答案】B【详解】句意：如果我不大声说话，我的老祖母就听不见我说话。考查副词辨析。quickly快速地；loudly大声地；suddenly突然地；quietly安静地。根据“my old grandmother can’t hear me.”可知为了老祖母听见，要大声说话。故选B。2．（2017·天津·中考真题）We had a football match yesterday. Our fans cheered us on and we felt more. confident.A．slowly . B．loudly . C．nearly . D．carelessly【答案】B【详解】句意：昨天我们进行了一场足球赛，我们的粉丝们为我们大声地加油，我们感到更加有信心。考查副词的辨析。A. slowly 慢慢地；B. loudly 大声地；C. nearly几乎，差不多；D. carelessly无忧无虑地；粗心大意地;草率地。结合句意和语境可知选B。【写作佳句】（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）It is impolite to speak loudly in public.句意：在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。考点3 as...as[教材原句] 3. Are you as friendly as your sister?(P19)as...as的用法：（1）as...as的含义为＂和……一样＂，用于形容词、副词的同级比较。两个as的词性和用法不一样，第一个as是副词，后面接形容词或副词的原级，第二个as为连词。I’m as tall as Nelly. 我和内莉一样高。Tom runs as fast as Sam. 汤姆和萨姆跑得一样快。Lily is not so outgoing as Lucy. 莉莉不如露西外向。【经典练】1．（2023·云南昆明·昆明八中校考模拟预测）You can realize your dream ________ you stick to it and work hard for it.A．as long as B．as true as C．as well as D．as good as【答案】A【详解】句意：只要你坚持并为之努力，你就能实现你的梦想。考查连词。as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；as true as和……一样真实；as well as和，以及；as good as和……一样好。根据空后“you stick to it and work hard for it.”可知，坚持并为之努力是实现梦想的前提。用引导条件状语从句的连词as long as，故选A。【写作佳句】（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）My math teacher lives a(n) active life. She looks as young as she did ten years ago.句意：我的数学老师过着积极的生活。她看起来和十年前一样年轻。考点4 win v. 赢；赢得[教材原句]4. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过你能看出来莉萨真的想赢。（1）tell此处意为＂看出，知道，判断＂，表示此意时常与情态动词can，could和be able to连用。其后若接介词from，表示＂辨别；区别；认出＂。Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能分得出汤姆和他的孪生弟弟吗？（2）win v. 赢；赢得现在分词为winning，过去式和过去分词均为won。Which team won? 哪个队赢了？【易混辨析】They won the game yesterday. 他们昨天赢得了那场比赛。Zhang Yining won a gold medal in the women’s singles. 张怡宁赢得了女子单打金牌。The LA Lakers beat the Rockets. 洛杉矶湖人队打败了火箭队。【一语辨异】（3）though adv. 不过；可是 conj. 虽然；尽管though在句中作副词，意为＂不过；可是；然而＂，常位于句末。It’s hard work. I enjoy it though. 这是件辛苦的工作，但我乐意做。It was quite true though. 可那的确是真的。【归纳拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·吉林·模拟预测）Tom ________ an English competition last year.A．wins B．won C．will win【答案】B【详解】句意：汤姆去年赢了一场英语比赛。考查时态。根据“last year”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，won为动词过去式。故选B。2．（2023·甘肃武威·校考模拟预测）—He is looking forward ________ the match.—So am I. A．win B．won C．winning D．to winning【答案】D【详解】句意：——他期待着赢得比赛。 ——我也是。 考查非谓语动词。这里为look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，因此用to winning。故选D。【写作佳句】（2021·四川成都·统考中考真题）As long as we continue to pull together, we’ll keep winning the game.句意：只要我们继续齐心协力，我们就会继续赢得比赛。考点5 talented 有天赋的[教材原句] is talented in music. (P 20. 1a)be talented in指＂在……方面有天赋＂，后接名词或动名词。Mozart was talented in music. 莫扎特有音乐天赋。。You’re very talented in speaking English. 你很有说英语的天赋。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023春·湖北武汉·七年级武汉市卓刀泉中学校考阶段练习）—What do you think of Tara?—I think she is very ________, she is the best singer I’ve ever known.A．busy B．tidy C．talented D．funny【答案】C【详解】句意：——你觉得塔拉怎么样？——我认为她很有天赋，她是我认识的最好的歌手。考查形容词辨析。busy忙碌的；tidy整洁的；talented有天赋的；funny有趣的。根据“She is the best singer I’ve ever known.”可知对方觉得塔拉很有天赋。故选C。2．（2022秋·河北石家庄·八年级校考期中）I’m taller than my sister, but I am as ________ as her.A．talented B．talentC．more talented D．most talented【答案】A【详解】句意：我比我姐姐高，但我和她一样有才华。考查形容词原级比较。talented有才能的，形容词；talent才能，名词；more talented更有才能的，形容词比较级；most talented最有才能的，形容词最高级。根据题干可知，原级比较as...as“和……一样，be动词后接形容词，空处用形容词原级。故选A。【写作佳句】（2019·江苏盐城·中考真题）You need not only talent but also hard work to become a successful football player.句意：你不仅需要天赋，还需要努力工作才能成为一名足球运动员。考点6 the same as[教材原句] likes to do the same things as me(P20, 1a)＂the same +名词 + as＂意为＂……和……一样＂。　Her hair’s the same color as her mother’s. 她的头发颜色跟她母亲的一样。【知识拓展】【易混辨析】【拓展】The same to you! 表示＂你也一样！＂，是回复对方祝福的常用语。—Happy New Year! 新年快乐！—The same to you! 你也一样！【经典练】1．（2023春·八年级单元测试）Our dreams are ________ theirs. We all hope to live in a peaceful world.A．same to B．the same asC．same as D．the same to【答案】B【详解】句意：我们的梦想和他们的一样。我们都希望住在和平的世界。考查短语辨析。same前要加the，排除AC。the same as“和……一样”；the same to“对……一样”。根据“We all hope to live in a peaceful world.”可知是有一样的梦想。故选B。2．（2023·全国·八年级假期作业）—Is your dress ________ mine?   —Yes, it is.A．the same big as B．the same size as C．as bigger as D．as same size as【答案】B【详解】句意：——你的衣服和我的一样大吗？——是的，它是。考查原级比较。as ... as“和……一样”，中间用形容词或副词原级，排除选项CD；the same ... as“和……一样”，中间用名词。big“大的”，为形容词；size“尺寸”，为名词。故选B。【写作佳句】（2019·湖南株洲·中考真题）Every one of us should always breathe the same breath and share the same future as the people.句意“我们每一个人应该与人民共呼吸、共命运”。考点7 makes me laugh(P20, 1a)make sb. do sth.使某人做某事。使役动词make和感官动词see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice 等都接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。She made me stay with her. 她让我和她待在一起。【知识拓展】【巧记口诀】【经典练】1．Tom and Jerry always ________.A．make me to laugh B．makes me laugh C．makes me to happy D．makes I laugh【答案】B【详解】句意：《猫和老鼠》总是让我发笑。考查主谓一致和动词短语。本句主语是一部动画，所以谓语动词用三单形式，排除A；make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，为固定短语，动词make后加宾格代词me。故选B。2．（2023·江苏盐城·校考三模）“He often makes me laugh.” The structure of this sentence is “________”.A．S + V + P B．S + V + DO + IO C．S + V + DO + OC D．S+V+IO+DO【答案】C【详解】句意：“他经常让我发笑。”这句话的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”。考查句子结构。He“他”，作主语；makes“使，让”，作谓语；me“我”，作宾语；laugh“笑”，作宾补，对宾语“我”补充说明，所以句子结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”。故选C。【写作佳句】（2022·江苏南京·统考中考真题）—Lost in Thailand. I like comedies because they often make me laugh.《泰囧》。我喜欢喜剧，因为它们经常使我发笑。考点8 it作形式主语[教材原句] I’m so shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. (P21, 2b)(1)It is+形容词/名词+(for sb. +) to do sth.，it是形式主语，动词不定式to do sth.是真正的主语。sb.为宾格代词或名词，因为主语太长，为了使句子保持平衡，习惯上把真正的主语放在后面，这样就避免了句子头重脚轻。 It’s not easy to learn a foreign language. 学一门外语是不容易的。(2)＂It is+形容词+ (for sb. +) to do sth.＂相当于＂It’s+形容词+that 从句＂。It’s is better for you to live alone for some time.=It is better that you live alone for some time. 你单独住一段时间更好些。【注意】形容词若表示人的性格与品质，如kind, good, nice, wrong等，for sb. 要改为of sb.。 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。【经典练】1．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考二模）It’s foolish ________ such a mistake.A．for him to make B．of him making C．of him to make【答案】C【详解】句意：他犯这样的错误真是愚蠢。考查固定句式。foolish是形容人很愚蠢，用It’s adj. of sb. to do sth.表示“某人做某事是……的”，是固定句式。故选C。【写作佳句】（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）—It’s neither too cold nor too hot all year round in Kunming, making it a perfect place to live in or visit.句意：——昆明一年四季不太冷也不太热，是一个居住或旅游的好地方。考点9 as long as＂只要；既然＂[教材原句] But I think friends are like books — you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. (P21, 2b)as long as＂只要；既然＂，表示条件，意思是＂只要＂，引导条件状语从句。The air ticket to Sydney will be half price as long as you book it three months earlier. 只要你提前三个月预订，飞往悉尼的票价就会减半。I’m sure we are safe as long as we are in his care. 我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我们就可以去。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测）We are sure to realize our goals ________ we keep trying and never give up.A．so that B．even though C．as long as D．no matter how【答案】C【详解】句意：只要我们不断努力，永不放弃，我们就一定能实现我们的目标。考查连词辨析。so that以便于；even though即使；as long as只要；no matter how无论怎样。“we keep trying and never give up”是“We are sure to realize our goals”的肯定条件，用as long as引导条件状语从句，故选C。2．（2023·重庆大渡口·统考一模）________ all the Chinese people work hard together, the great China Dream will come true soon.A．As if B．As C．As long as D．As soon as【答案】C【详解】句意：只要全体中国人民共同努力，伟大的中国梦很快就会实现。考查条件状语从句。As if好像；As当……时；As long as只要；As soon as一……就……。根据“…all the Chinese people work hard together, the great China Dream will come true soon.”可知前句是后句的条件，应用As long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。故选C。【写作佳句】（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Your son’s dream will come true as long as he studies hard .句意：——只要你儿子努力学习，他的梦想就会实现。考点10 　be similar to与……相像的/类似的[教材原句] My best friend is similar to Larry because she’s less hard-working than me. (P 22, 2d)　be similar to与……相像的/类似的，相当于be like。Your new haircut is similar to mine. 你的新发型和我的相似。Jack is similar to his father in many ways. 杰克在很多方面与他爸爸相似。similar与in连用时，构成be similar in sth.意为＂在某方面相似/相仿＂。Ice fishing, a popular winter sport, is similar in many ways to regular fishing. 冰下捕鱼，一个受欢迎的冬季运动，在许多方面与常规钓鱼是相似的。【易混辨析】be similar to, be similar in (1)be similar to意为＂与……相像的/类似的＂。(2)be similar in意为＂在……方面相似＂。【易混辨析】【经典练】1．（2022·九年级单元测试）My phone is just ________ yours, but not ________.A．similar to; same B．similar as; the sameC．similar to; the same D．similar with; same【答案】C【详解】句意：我的手机和你的很像，但又不一样。考查短语辨析。be similar to“与……相似”；the same“相同”，same前面必须有the。故选C。2．（2012秋·九年级单元测试）Tony’s trousers are ____ his twin brother’s. They have the same colour and size.A．different from B．the same C．similar to D．the same to【答案】C【详解】本题主要考查短语辨析，根据题意可知，托尼的裤子和他双胞胎哥哥的一样，different from不同；the same as和...一样；be similar to相似，故选C【写作佳句】（2021秋·八年级课时练习）He is similar to Tom, because they both enjoy playing basketball.句意：他和汤姆很相似，因为他们都喜欢打篮球。考点11 care about 关心；在意Do you care about your future? 你关心自己的未来吗？He doesn’t care about the news. 他对这条新闻并不关心。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023秋·全国·八年级假期作业）I don’t like Jenny at all. She thinks only of herself but never _________ others.A．cares about B．brings out C．waits for D．picks up【答案】A【详解】句意：我一点也不喜欢珍妮。她只想自己，从不为别人着想。考查动词词组。cares about关心；brings out出版，生产；waits for等待；picks up捡起。根据“She thinks only of herself but never...others.”可知，她只顾自己不关心别人。故选A。2．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）Earth Day reminds people to ________ the earth—the home to all the living things.A．dream about B．care about C．hear about D．complain about【答案】B【详解】句意：地球日提醒人们要关心地球——所有生物的家园。考查动词短语。dream about梦想；care about关心；hear about听说；complain about抱怨。根据“Earth Day reminds people to...the earth”可知，此处表达地球日提醒人们要关心地球，故选B。【写作佳句】（2022秋·辽宁沈阳·九年级统考期末）Parents care about their children’s education more than anything else nowadays.句意：现在父母相比较其他的事情更关注孩子的教育。考点12 laugh v. 笑；发笑He who laughs last laughs longest. 别高兴得太早。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023春·全国·八年级期末）The movie “Mr. Bean” made us a lot last night.A．laugh B．laughed C．to laugh【答案】A【详解】句意：昨晚的电影《憨豆先生》让我们笑声连连。考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”。故选A。2．（2023春·全国·八年级期中）When she heard the joke, she couldn’t help ______.A．laughing B．to laugh C．crying D．to cry【答案】A【详解】句意：当她听到这个笑话时，忍不住笑了。考查动词短语。laughing笑，发笑（动名词）；to laugh笑，发笑（动词不定式）；crying哭（动名词）；to cry（动词不定式）。表达“禁不住做某事”用短语can’t help doing sth.。根据“When she heard the joke”可知，她听到的是笑话，所以忍不住笑。故选A。【写作佳句】（2023·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测）As the saying goes, he who laughs last laughs best.句意：俗话说，笑到最后的人笑得最好。考点13 serious adj. 严肃的；稳重的serious用作形容词，用来指人的表情严肃或事情严重，常用短语： be serious about＂对……认真＂。Our math teacher is a serious man. 我们的数学老师是一个严肃的男人。The mistake is not very serious. 这错误不太严重。You should be serious about your job. 你应该认真对待你的工作。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中学校考模拟预测）I think Mr Lin is a little ________, because he never plays jokes on us.A．kind B．clever C．confident D．serious【答案】D【详解】句意：我觉得林老师有点严肃，因为他从来不跟我们开玩笑。考查形容词辨析。kind和蔼的，仁慈的；clever聪明的；confident自信的；serious严肃的。根据“because he never plays jokes on us”可知他是个严肃的人。故选D。2．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）Nowadays, many old people in China ________ health and run for exercise every morning.A．are angry with B．are serious about C．are good at【答案】B【详解】句意：如今，中国许多老年人认真对待健康每天早上跑步锻炼身体。考查形容词短语。are angry with对……生气；are serious about对……认真；严肃对待……；are good at擅长。根据“run for exercise every morning”（每天早晨跑步锻炼）可知，此处应指认真对待健康。故选B。【写作佳句】（2023·安徽滁州·统考一模）—Food waste has been a serious problem in our school.句意：——食物浪费在我们国家已成为一个严重的问题。考点14 bring out 使显现；使表现出I want to bring out the meaning of the poem. 我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好/最坏的一面展现出来。Please tell me how to bring out the best in me. 请告诉我怎样把我最好的一面展现出来。The party brought out the worst in Bill. 这次宴会使比尔显现出了最丑恶的一面。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—Paul is so shy that she needs ________. However, she doesn’t know how.—You can help her discover her good qualities to be more confident.A．bringing out B．hanging up C．getting out D．breaking up【答案】A【详解】句意：——保罗太害羞了，她需要更自信些才好。然而，她不知道怎么做。——你可以帮助她发现她的优点，让她更加自信。考查动词短语。bringing out使显现、使表现出；hanging up悬挂；getting out退出；breaking up分手、破裂。根据“You can help her discover his good qualities to be more confident.”可知此处填“bringing out”符合语境，指的是她需要更自信些。故选A。2．（2023·安徽合肥·统考二模）—I really like Mr Zhang, our math teacher. —So do I. He knows how to ________ students’ study interest. A．use up B．pay back C．bring out D．cut down【答案】C【详解】句意：——我真的很喜欢我们的数学老师张先生。——我也是。他知道如何激发学生的学习兴趣。考查动词短语。use up用完；pay back偿还；bring out激发；cut down消减、减少。根据“He knows how to…students’ study interest.”可知，空处填“激发”符合语境，指的是激发学生的学习兴趣。故选C。【写作佳句】（2021·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Don’t be upset. Sometimes challenges can bring out the best in us.句意：不要沮丧。有时候挑战能激发出我们最好的一面。考点15 reach for 伸手去拿He reached over for the last cake. 他伸过手来拿最后一块蛋糕。【易混辨析】【经典练】1．（2023·河北石家庄·统考二模）—Do you know the spacewoman Wang Yaping?—Sure. She is called the mother who ________ the stars.A．put away B．reached for C．looked after D．gave out【答案】B【详解】句意：——你知道女宇航员王亚平吗？——当然。她被称为“伸手摘星星”的母亲。考查动词短语辨析。put away收起；reached for伸手去拿；looked after照顾；gave out分发。根据“She is called the mother who…the stars”可知，王亚平被称为“伸手去摘星星”的母亲，故选B。2．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）— As we all know, the spacewoman WangYaping made history — she is China’s first teacher in space.— Yes, and she is also called the mother who ________ the stars.A．looked after B．put away C．gave out D．reached for【答案】D【详解】句意：——众所周知，女航天员王亚平创造了历史——她是中国第一位太空教师。 ——是的，她也被称为伸手能触及到星星的母亲。考查动词词组辨析。looked after照顾；put away收好；gave out分发；reached for伸手能触及到。根据“spacewoman”可知在太空伸手能触及到星星。故选D。【写作佳句】（2023·福建福州·福建省福州延安中学校考二模）A true friend is a person who reaches for your hand and touches your heart.句意：一个真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并触动你心灵的人。考点16 share v. 分享；共享；共用；分摊The twins share a room. 这对双胞胎合住一间房间。【知识拓展】【经典练】1．（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中学校考模拟预测）We will be happier if we ________ our happiness with others.A．sell B．share C．start D．separate【答案】B【详解】句意：如果我们与他人分享我们的快乐，我们会更快乐。考查动词辨析。sell卖；share分享；start开始；separate分开。根据“our happiness with others.”可知是指和别人分享自己的快乐，故选B。2．（2023·四川凉山·模拟预测）When the mother heard her baby daughter say her first word, she felt so excited that she made a short video on Tik Tok (抖音) ________ her joy.A．shared B．share C．to share D．sharing【答案】C【详解】句意：当这位母亲听到她的小女儿说出她的第一个词时，她感到如此兴奋以至于她在抖音上做了一个简短的视频，来分享她的喜悦。考查非谓语动词。shared分享，过去式；share动词原形；to share动词不定式；sharing现在分词或动名词。根据“made a short video on Tik Tok (抖音)...her joy”可知，制作抖音短视频的目的是分享喜悦。故选C。【写作佳句】（2021·江苏南通·统考中考真题）—Simon, we can save energy by riding shared bicycles.—That’s true.Moreover , using air conditioners less is also a good way.句意：——Simon，我们可以通过骑共享自行车来节约能源。——那确实。而且，少用空调也是一个好办法。一．语法精讲——形容词、副词的比较级形容词和副词的比较级一、定义比较级用于两者(人或事物)的比较，表示其中一个比另一个＂更……＂或＂较……＂，后面用连词than 连接另一个所比较的人或事物。 二、用法1. 表示两个人或事物作比较时，形容词要用比较级形式，形容词比较级之后常用than引出比较的对象。This pen is longer than that one. 这支钢笔比那支长。New York is bigger than Cambridge. 纽约比剑桥大。2. 表示两者之间的选择，意为＂哪一个更……＂。Who is taller, Lily or Lucy? 莉莉和露西相比，谁更高？三、形容词比较级的变化1. 形容词或副词的比较级的规则变化：【记忆口诀】2. 不规则变化【记忆口诀】三、形容词比较级前的修饰词比较级前可以用much、a little、a lot、even、rather、still、any、a bit、far等词修饰，起强调作用，不可用very、so、quite、too(只能修饰原级)等修饰。Believe me, you really look much better than before. 相信我，你看起来真的比以前好多了。He is a lot taller than me. 他比我高很多。They went there a little later than others. 他们比其他人稍微去晚一点儿。It’s even bigger than an island. 它甚至比一座岛屿都大。He is far stronger than his brother. 他比他哥哥强壮得多。四、形容词、副词比较级的用法1. 最基本句型＂主语 + be(is/am/are) + 形容词比较级 + than + 比较对象＂。than后接人称代词时可以是主格或宾格。than前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。 She is a little more outgoing than me. 她比我性格外向一点。2. 比较级前可以用much、a little、a lot、even、rather、still、any、a bit、far等词修饰，起强调作用，不可用very、so、quite、too(只能修饰原级)等修饰。 It’s cold today, but it is going to be even colder tomorrow. 今天很冷，但明天会更冷。3. 在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 Who do you think is more beautiful, Lucy or Lily? 你认为谁更漂亮，露茜还是莉莉？4. 当两者比较只出现一方，含有of the two/of the twins结构时，比较级前要加the，意为＂两个中比较……的一个＂。 He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的一个。5. ＂get/become + 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级＂是＂变得越来越……＂的意思，and连接同一个形容词的比较级。当表示＂越来越……＂时，形容词为多音节词或一些双音节词，用＂more and more+原级＂结构。 It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。6. ＂the + 形容词比较级…, the + 形容词比较级…＂意为＂越……就越……＂。两个＂比较级＂不要求一定词性相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定。 The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。7. 表示＂比……大(长、多、宽……)几倍＂，用＂…times + 形容词比较级 + than…＂结构。Our classroom is twice larger than yours. 我们的教室比你们的大两倍。8. 表示＂重几斤＂、＂高几厘米＂、＂大几岁＂等，可用＂表示数量的词 + 形容词比较级 + than…＂。Tom is six years older than you. 汤姆比你大六岁。9. 当表达＂……之一＂、＂第几大/小/高/矮……＂时，往往用最高级，而不用比较级。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。10. ＂形容词比较级 + than any other + 单数可数名词＂表示＂……比其他的任何……都……＂，此句型可以换成最高级。 Li Lei is cleverer than any other student in the class.=Li Lei is the cleverest student in the class. 李磊是班上最聪明的学生。11. ＂more+形容词＂与＂less +形容词＂及not so(as)…as的互换。要注意前后比较对象要倒换位置。 Chinese is more important than English.=English is less important than Chinese.=English is not so important as Chinese. 汉语比英语重要。12. 比较级的替代。使用比较级时，前后两个比较项要保持一致。若前一个比较项是不可数名词，则后一个比较项可为替代词 that。若前一个比较项是可数名词复数，则后一个比较项可为替代词those。The weather in Nanjing is warmer than that in Beijing in winter. 在冬天南京的天气比北京暖和。The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two. 一班同学比二班同学学习用功。比较级的使用原则：（1）自身不进行比较，排除自己的方法是使用 any other。He is taller than any other boy in his class. (不能去掉other)他比他班里的其他任何男孩都高。（2）比较的对象必须是同类的人或事物。My name is longer than yours. (不能将yours写成 you)我的名字比你的名字长。【名师点睛】二、谈论人物的个性特征本单元的话题是谈论人物的个性特征，本单元的写作题目与描写人物的个性特征相关。写此类短文时，要抓住所比较的人物的特点，从外貌特征(如tall, short, thin, fat, long/short hair等)、个性特点(如outgoing, funny, friendly, hard-working, smart等)等方面来描述。若要进行人物个性特征的比较，则要写出他们的相同点和不同点，并能够正确使用比较级进行表达。语言要精炼、准确，行文要流畅。一、词汇积累(一)人物对比类短语1. 与……不同 ________________________________2. 与……相像的________________________________3. 和……相同________________________________4. 和……一样高________________________________(二)人物描述类短语1. 在某方面有天赋________________________________2. 擅长于________________________________(三)朋友相处类短语1. 和某人相处得好________________________________2. 真正关心我________________________________3. 分享一切________________________________4. 使我笑________________________________(四)写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级形式1. tall → ____________________ →____________________2. short →____________________ →____________________3. late →____________________ →____________________4. lazy →____________________ →____________________5. funny →____________________ →____________________6. early →____________________ →____________________7. thin →____________________ →____________________8. popular →____________________ →____________________9. good →____________________ →____________________10. bad →____________________ →____________________ 二、句子积累(一)佳句欣赏与模拟1. My best friend Larry is quite different from me.【quite为副词，可以用来修饰形容词，表示程度，意为＂十分＂】我十分擅长英语。________________________________________________________________________2. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.【it’s＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样】取得好成绩对我来说很容易。________________________________________________________________________3. Larry is much less hard-working, though.【much/a little/a lot＋比较级】事实上，李明跑步比我快得多。________________________________________________________________________(二)表达个人的择友观1. 在我看来，有相同点是必要的。In my view, it’s ____________________ to be the same.2. 我真的不介意朋友是与我相同或是不同。I don’t ____________________ ____________________ if friends are the same as me or different.3. 我认为朋友就该像书——你不需要很多，只要他们好就行。I think friends ____________________ ____________________ books — you don’t need a lot of them ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ they’re good.(三)写作微技能：比较级的巧用形容词和副词的比较级，能帮助你更具体、生动、形象地描述所要描写的人物，写出评价人物的文章。如：I’m more outgoing than my sister. I work as hard as my sister.你可以根据你的需要，用＂than，as... as＂等更具体、生动地描述人物间的相同点与不同点。1. Lisa唱得比Sam好。Lisa sings ____________________ ____________________ Sam.2. 他和我一样外向。He is ____________________ outgoing ____________________ me.3. Peter学习不如Tom努力。Peter doesn’t work ____________________ hard ____________________ Tom. 三、以读促写根据所给汉语或首字母提示，写出空白处所缺单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。完成后请找出文中的比较级并思考其在文中的用法。My Best Friend and IMy favorite 1 (谚语) is ＂Friends are God’s way of taking care of us.＂ It makes me think about my best friend Linda. We have known each other since we were in 2 (最初的) school. In some ways, we look 3 (相像的), and in some ways, we look different.B 4 of us have black eyes and long black hair, but she is a little taller than I. I’m quiet and 5 (严肃的), so it’s not easy for me to make friends and get on with other 6 (小孩). However, Linda is not as quiet as me. She is 7 (外向的). She is so 8 (有才能的) in telling jokes that she always makes me l 9 . It’s so lucky to have a friend like her. As for study, both of us are 10 (辛勤的) and like to learn everything new. We enjoy studying together. But Linda is better at study and gets better g 11 than I do. She always tries her best to help me as l 12 as I have problems. With her help, I made great progress in my lessons. I’m very thankful for all that she has done for me. I think I 13 (应该) learn from her and try to help others just like her. In our free time, we often talk about and 14 (分享) everything. In f 15 , I think I’m a good listener and always there to listen. 16 (虽然) Linda is quite different from me, I don’t really 17 (在意) if my friends are the same as me or different. I 18 (真正) understand that a life without friendship is like a day without sunshine. Linda is my true friend who reaches my hand and touches my 19 (内心). 【参考答案】Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. 一、重点语句play the drums 敲鼓the singing competition 歌咏比赛learn something new 学一些新东西have fun 玩得开心；过得愉快be talented in 在……方面有天赋the same as 和……相同；与……一致care about 关心；在意a good listener 善于倾听的人make friends 交朋友as long as 只要；既然be different from 与……不同；与……有差异bring out 使显现；使表现出get good grades 取得好成绩in fact 确切地说；事实上；实际上break one's arm 摔断了某人的胳膊be similar to 与……相像的、类似的primary school 小学be good with 善于应付……的；对……有办法…………………………………………be good at (doing) sth. 擅长(做)某事help (to) do sth. 帮忙做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事…………………………………………A good friend is like a mirror. 好朋友就像一面镜子。Friends are like books — you don't need a lot of them as long as they're good. 朋友如书，不在多而贵在好。A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 一个真正的朋友是在需要时给你帮助，使你感动。She's always there to listen. 她随时都能够听我倾诉。用法集萃1. the same as...意为“与······相同”。My birthday is the same as Tom’s. 我的生日与汤姆的一样。I have the same school bag as yours. 我有一个和你一样的书包。be different from...意为“和······不一样”，是the same as...的反义词组。Lucy is different from Lily. 露西与莉莉不一样。[拓展] difference 意为“不同；不用之处”，可做可数名词，也可用作不可数名词。例如：There is no difference between the twins. 那对双胞胎长得一模一样。[拓展]be similar to 意为“和······相似” 2. as...as 与……一样； not as/so...as 不如···中间加形容词或副词的原级。He is as tall as Tom. 他跟汤姆一样高。She isn’t as outgoing as her sister. 她不如她的姐姐外向。3. win “赢得，获得”，后面常接战争、比赛、游戏、奖品等。 beat“打败”，后面只能跟竞争的对手。4. as long as“只要……”“既然……”，引导让步状语从句 I’m sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care.我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。as long as “与…一样长/久” The river is as long as that one.这条河与那条河一样长。5. aloud; loud; loudlyloud可用作形容词或副词。作形容词时，意为“响亮的”，可作定语或表语；作副词时，意为“高声地; 响亮地”，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用。如：Don’t make loud noise, please. 请不要大吵大闹。Facts speak louder than eloquence. 事实胜于雄辩。aloud常与动词read连用，强调从不出声到出声，别人能听得见，但声音不一定很大, 没有比较级和最高级形式。如：Don’t read aloud in the library. 在图书馆里不要朗读。loudly为副词，与loud同义，有时可与loud互换使用，但loudly通常指令人讨厌的声音。如：It’s not polite to shout loudly at the old. 冲老人大喊大叫是不礼貌的。重点句子点拨：1.Both Sam and Tom play the drums. 萨姆和汤姆都打鼓。 We both like sports. 我们两个都喜欢运动。They are both tall. 他们两个都高。[总结]：both 表示两者都,both…and…意为“···和···都···”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。[拓展]：① neither …nor…意为“···和···都不；既不···也不···”表示两者都不。连接两个并列的主语时，谓语的单复数形式采用“就近原则”。Neither you nor she is right. 你和她都不对。②either…or…意为“或者···或者····”，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。 Either you or she is wrong. 不是你错了，就是他错了。③not only…but also…意为“不仅···而且···”，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。Not only I but also she likes playing drums. 不仅我喜欢打鼓，而且她也喜欢打鼓。2. The one with short hair. 留着短头发的那个。 点拨： with为介词，意为“具有，带有，有····的”。I want to have a house with a swimming pool. 我想有一栋带有游泳池的房子。[拓展] ①with意为“和···一起”。 He is playing with his friends. 他正和他的朋友一起玩。②with意为“用···”，强调使用具体的工具。Please cut it with a knife. 请用刀把它切开。3.Tina thinks she works harder than me.  点拨：(1) work hard努力工作/学习， hard work艰苦的工作， hard-working adj. 工作努力的，辛勤的 He work hard at English and he is a hard-working student.他努力学习英语，他是一个勤奋的好学生。 (2) she works harder than me作think 的宾语，是宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述语序。 I don’t know what her name is.我不知道她叫什么名字。4. I think a good friend makes me laugh.  点拨：(1) make sb. do sth.使某人做某事      使役动词make /let 和see /hear /watch等感官动词都接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。  My teacher makes me do my homework every day.我老师每天都让我做家庭作业。 (2) laugh v. 笑 & n. 笑；笑声    He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。  We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。    laugh at 嘲笑 Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。5. I’m shy, so it’s not easy for me to make friends. 点拨：(1) It is + adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth. 句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，sb.为名词或代词的宾格形式。   词句中的形容词主要有：easy, hard, difficult, important, interesting等 It’s better for you to live alone for some time.你单独住一段时间更好些。    It is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do sth. 句型中的形容词表示人的性格与品质，主要有：kind, good, nice, wrong等     It is very nice of you to give me such a good present for my birthday.你给我这么好的礼物真是太好了。 (2) make friends交朋友。 典句必背1. I’m more outgoing than my sister. 我比我妹妹更外向。 2. Who’s more hard-working at school? 在学校谁比较勤奋。 3. The most important thing is to learn something and have fun. 最重要的事是学到东西，并过得快乐。 4. Who is smarter, your mother or your father? 你妈妈和你爸爸谁更聪明。Unit1核心话题从外貌特征、个性特点等方面来描述人物重点词汇 competition, mirror ,kid, grade,saying ,hand, heart, fact,arm, information,laugh ,win care,laugh, reach, touch,break,share , should,outgoing ,better, hard-working ,fantastic talented,serious,necessary,loud,similar,primary,better,loudly,quietly .etc重点短语care about ,as long as,be different from , bring out,the same as , in fact ,be similar to both…and ,get up , as…as , be good at , be talented in ,have fun,primary school 重点句型1. I’m more outgoing than my sister.2. Tara works as hard as Tina.3. Who’s more hard-working at school?4. Tina thinks she works harder than me.5. A good friend makes me laugh.6. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.7. My best friend is similar to Larry.语法形容词和副词的比较级写作如何描写人物的个性特征以运用比较级表达不同特征both用于两者，表示＂两者都＂作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式Both plans are good. 两个计划都很好。all用于三者或三者以上，表示＂都＂作主语，笼统地表示所有人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；笼统地表示所有事物或现象时，谓语动词通常用单数形式All teachers like to go there. 所有的老师都喜欢去那儿。both...and... ……和……两者都连接名词Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。连接代词Both she and I are good at English. 我和她都擅长英语。both...and...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。而either... or...意为＂或者……或者……＂ ，neither ...nor...意为＂……和……都不；既不……也不……＂，not only...but also...意为＂不仅……而且……＂，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循＂就近原则＂。 Both he and his sister are doctors. 他和他姐姐都是医生。Either you or he is wrong. 不是你错了，就是他错了。better 还可作形容词good 的比较级，意为＂更好的＂。The picture is very good, but that one is better. 这张图片很好，但是那张更好。aloud副词，强调出声，但声音不一定很大，常与read, think等连用，aloud修饰call，cry等动词时，可作＂高声地＂解。Please read the text aloud. 请大声读这篇课文。The boy called aloud for help. 这个男孩高声求救。loud形容词，意为＂响亮的，大声的＂，作副词时意为＂大声，高声＂，侧重给人的感觉，常放在speak, shout, laugh, talk等词后。Speak loud while answering the teacher’s question. 回答老师的问题时声音要大。The boy always laughs in a loud voice in public. 那个男孩总是在公共场合大声地笑。loudly副词，意为＂大声地，响亮地＂，多含有噪音或喧扰声的意味，放在所修饰的动词前后都可。 The students sang very loudly. 学生们大声地唱歌。They all shouted loudly. 他们都大声地喊叫。win过去式won意为＂赢，获胜＂，通常接game，war，match，prize等之类的名词作宾语，即win sth.。 beat过去式beat意为＂打败；赢＂，后跟表示与之比赛、战斗的人或代表群体的名词，即beat sb.。 We beat them and won the game. 我们打败他们赢得了比赛。though也可用作连词，表示＂虽然；尽管＂，相当于although。在英语中，although或though不能与but连用，但可与yet连用。Though/Although I failed, I shall try again. 虽然我失败了，我还是要再次尝试。 Though/Although she is ill, yet she still keeps studying. 虽然她生病了，但她仍然坚持学习。(1) 同义词gifted adj. 有天赋的She is a gifted violinist. 她是位有天赋的小提琴手。(2) talent n. 天赋；才，人才have a talent for＝have a gift for 有……天赋The woman has a talent/gift for cooking. 这个女人有烹饪的天赋。He is a great talent. 他是个了不起的人才。(1)the same as和……相同，反义词组为be different from(和……不同)。Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。 (2)the same to意为＂对……来说是一样的，对……没有什么不同＂，后面常接表示人的名词或代词。the same 前面可用 quite 修饰，但不能用 very 修饰。It’s the same to Mike. 这对迈克来说是一样的。The two paintings are quite the same. 这两幅画完全一样。be the same as 和……一样 两词组后都可跟名词、代词或名词性物主代词。 My hairstyle is the same as hers.我的发型和她的发型一样。 be different from 与……不同 两个词组在使用时，前后都应是同类事物。 My hobbies are different from Lucy’s.我的爱好与露西的不同。 (1)make sb./sth. +形容词，表示＂使某人(感到)……；使某物……＂，此时形容词作宾语补足语。此类形容词有happy、sad、pleased、angry、relaxed、scared、comfortable、sick、worried、easy等。The news makes me happy. 这个消息让我很高兴。(2)make sb. + 名词，表示＂使某人成为……＂，名词作宾语补足语。We make him captain. 我们选他当队长。(3)make sb. + 过去分词，表示＂使某人……被＂，动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，有被动含义，翻译成主动语态形式，sb.可以是反身代词。She spoke aloud to make herself heard. 她大声说话，以使别人能听到她。(4)make sb./sth. do表示＂使某人/某物做……＂，不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。注意在被动语态中不定式符号to不能省略。She made me wait for a long time. 她让我等了很长时间。Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk. 我每天不得不吃一个鸡蛋，喝一些牛奶。(5) 常见的后接省略to的不定式作宾补的使役动词let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事Let me have a try. 让我试一试。have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事He had me give him a hand. 他让我帮他个忙。使役动词三兄弟，let、have和make，宾补只用do形式，to do见了则回避。（1）用于as...as句型中，表示＂像……一样长＂。 My arms are as long as yours. 我的胳膊和你的一样长。（2）表示时间，意思是＂达……之久＂。 You can keep the book as long as you like. 这本书你想借多久就借多久。similar形容词，意为＂相似的；类似的＂，可作定语和表语。 My best friend and I have similar hobbies. 我和我最好的朋友有相似的爱好。same形容词，意为＂相同的；同样的＂，前面要加定冠词the。They have the same age. 他们的年龄相同。（1）care作动词的常用词组还有：care for 喜欢；照料He cared for her more than she realized. 她不知道他是多么在乎她。（2）care作名词的常用词组：take care 小心；当心；保重take care of 照顾；照料（相当于look after)Take care not to make mistakes. 当心别犯错。Goodbye, and take care! 再见，多保重！He is old enough to take care of himself. 他足够大，能照顾自己了。（1）laugh at 嘲笑Don’t laugh at others. 别嘲笑他人。（2）laugh作名词时，意为＂笑声＂，是可数名词。We had a good laugh about his joke. 我们觉得他的笑话很好笑。seriously用作副词，意为＂严肃地；认真地；严重地＂。His mother is seriously ill. 他妈妈病得很重。bring out有＂拿出，带出，出版，生产＂之意。Please bring out your camera and take some pictures. 请拿出你的相机并且照一些照片。The company is bringing out a new sports car. 这个公司正在生产一种新型跑车。reach＋地点I reached Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。 get to＋地点I got to Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。arrive in＋大地点at＋小地点I arrived in Beijing last night. 我昨晚到达北京。I arrived at Beijing Airport last night. 我昨晚到达北京机场。share...with sb. 与某人分享……My best friend shares her happiness and sadness with me. 我最好的朋友与我分享她的快乐与悲伤。构成方式例词规则变化单音节和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er，-estsmall→smaller→smallesthard→harder→hardest以不发音的字母e结尾的词，加-r，-stlarge→larger→largestwide→wider→widest以两个辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig→bigger→biggestthin→thinner→thinnest以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er，-estugly→uglier→ugliestearly→earlier→earliest少数以er或ow结尾的双音节词，词尾加-er，-estnarrow→narrower→narrowestclever→cleverer→cleverest多音节其他双音节词和多音节词及分词形容词，在词前加more，mostimportant→more important→most important easily→more easily→most easily比较级规则变化口诀两者之间做比较，尾巴-er少不了；一般词尾加-er，有e词尾只加-r；单一辅音单音节，双写词尾加-er；辅音加y很重要，去y变i加-er；双多音节字太长，前加more比它强。不规则变化bad/badly→worse→worst；much/many→more→most；good/well→better→best；far→farther/further→farthest/furthest；old→older/elder→oldest /eldest；little→less→least【易错警示】1. farther/farthest和further/furthest的区别：二者表示距离时，往往可互换，但是用于引申义，表示程度时，只能使用后者。He can throw much farther/further than you. 他可以比你扔得远得多。His suggestion is that Kate should be sent abroad for further education. 他的建议是凯特被派往国外进修。2. older/oldest和elder/eldest的区别：前者用于人或者物，可作定语和表语，可与than连用，而后者主要用于家人之间，表明长幼关系，往往用于人，不用于物，而且只作定语不作表语，也不与than连用。I’m two years older than him. 我比他大两岁。His elder brother works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥在一家服装厂工作。不规则名词变化记忆口诀合二为一共三对，坏病两多和两好；一分为二有两个，一是远来二是老；还有一词含双义，只记少来不记小。（对应的词为：bad/ill，many/much，good/well，far，old，little）1. 两者进行比较，表示＂一方比另一方更……＂时用2. 两者进行比较，表示＂一方与另一方一样……＂时用3. 两者进行比较，问＂其中哪一个更……＂时用Unit1核心话题从外貌特征、个性特点等方面来描述人物重点词汇 competition, mirror ,kid, grade,saying ,hand, heart, fact,arm, information,laugh ,win care,laugh, reach, touch,break,share , should,outgoing ,better, hard-working ,fantastic talented,serious,necessary,loud,similar,primary,better,loudly,quietly .etc重点短语care about ,as long as,be different from , bring out,the same as , in fact ,be similar to both…and ,get up , as…as , be good at , be talented in ,have fun,primary school 重点句型1. I’m more outgoing than my sister.2. Tara works as hard as Tina.3. Who’s more hard-working at school?4. Tina thinks she works harder than me.5. A good friend makes me laugh.6. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.7. My best friend is similar to Larry.语法形容词和副词的比较级写作如何描写人物的个性特征以运用比较级表达不同特征both用于两者，表示＂两者都＂作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式Both plans are good. 两个计划都很好。all用于三者或三者以上，表示＂都＂作主语，笼统地表示所有人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；笼统地表示所有事物或现象时，谓语动词通常用单数形式All teachers like to go there. 所有的老师都喜欢去那儿。both...and... ……和……两者都连接名词Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。连接代词Both she and I are good at English. 我和她都擅长英语。both...and...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。而either... or...意为＂或者……或者……＂ ，neither ...nor...意为＂……和……都不；既不……也不……＂，not only...but also...意为＂不仅……而且……＂，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循＂就近原则＂。 Both he and his sister are doctors. 他和他姐姐都是医生。Either you or he is wrong. 不是你错了，就是他错了。better 还可作形容词good 的比较级，意为＂更好的＂。The picture is very good, but that one is better. 这张图片很好，但是那张更好。aloud副词，强调出声，但声音不一定很大，常与read, think等连用，aloud修饰call，cry等动词时，可作＂高声地＂解。Please read the text aloud. 请大声读这篇课文。The boy called aloud for help. 这个男孩高声求救。loud形容词，意为＂响亮的，大声的＂，作副词时意为＂大声，高声＂，侧重给人的感觉，常放在speak, shout, laugh, talk等词后。Speak loud while answering the teacher’s question. 回答老师的问题时声音要大。The boy always laughs in a loud voice in public. 那个男孩总是在公共场合大声地笑。loudly副词，意为＂大声地，响亮地＂，多含有噪音或喧扰声的意味，放在所修饰的动词前后都可。 The students sang very loudly. 学生们大声地唱歌。They all shouted loudly. 他们都大声地喊叫。win过去式won意为＂赢，获胜＂，通常接game，war，match，prize等之类的名词作宾语，即win sth.。 beat过去式beat意为＂打败；赢＂，后跟表示与之比赛、战斗的人或代表群体的名词，即beat sb.。 We beat them and won the game. 我们打败他们赢得了比赛。though也可用作连词，表示＂虽然；尽管＂，相当于although。在英语中，although或though不能与but连用，但可与yet连用。Though/Although I failed, I shall try again. 虽然我失败了，我还是要再次尝试。 Though/Although she is ill, yet she still keeps studying. 虽然她生病了，但她仍然坚持学习。(1) 同义词gifted adj. 有天赋的She is a gifted violinist. 她是位有天赋的小提琴手。(2) talent n. 天赋；才，人才have a talent for＝have a gift for 有……天赋The woman has a talent/gift for cooking. 这个女人有烹饪的天赋。He is a great talent. 他是个了不起的人才。(1)the same as和……相同，反义词组为be different from(和……不同)。Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。 (2)the same to意为＂对……来说是一样的，对……没有什么不同＂，后面常接表示人的名词或代词。the same 前面可用 quite 修饰，但不能用 very 修饰。It’s the same to Mike. 这对迈克来说是一样的。The two paintings are quite the same. 这两幅画完全一样。be the same as 和……一样 两词组后都可跟名词、代词或名词性物主代词。 My hairstyle is the same as hers.我的发型和她的发型一样。 be different from 与……不同 两个词组在使用时，前后都应是同类事物。 My hobbies are different from Lucy’s.我的爱好与露西的不同。 (1)make sb./sth. +形容词，表示＂使某人(感到)……；使某物……＂，此时形容词作宾语补足语。此类形容词有happy、sad、pleased、angry、relaxed、scared、comfortable、sick、worried、easy等。The news makes me happy. 这个消息让我很高兴。(2)make sb. + 名词，表示＂使某人成为……＂，名词作宾语补足语。We make him captain. 我们选他当队长。(3)make sb. + 过去分词，表示＂使某人……被＂，动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，有被动含义，翻译成主动语态形式，sb.可以是反身代词。She spoke aloud to make herself heard. 她大声说话，以使别人能听到她。(4)make sb./sth. do表示＂使某人/某物做……＂，不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。注意在被动语态中不定式符号to不能省略。She made me wait for a long time. 她让我等了很长时间。Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk. 我每天不得不吃一个鸡蛋，喝一些牛奶。(5) 常见的后接省略to的不定式作宾补的使役动词let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事Let me have a try. 让我试一试。have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事He had me give him a hand. 他让我帮他个忙。使役动词三兄弟，let、have和make，宾补只用do形式，to do见了则回避。（1）用于as...as句型中，表示＂像……一样长＂。 My arms are as long as yours. 我的胳膊和你的一样长。（2）表示时间，意思是＂达……之久＂。 You can keep the book as long as you like. 这本书你想借多久就借多久。similar形容词，意为＂相似的；类似的＂，可作定语和表语。 My best friend and I have similar hobbies. 我和我最好的朋友有相似的爱好。same形容词，意为＂相同的；同样的＂，前面要加定冠词the。They have the same age. 他们的年龄相同。（1）care作动词的常用词组还有：care for 喜欢；照料He cared for her more than she realized. 她不知道他是多么在乎她。（2）care作名词的常用词组：take care 小心；当心；保重take care of 照顾；照料（相当于look after)Take care not to make mistakes. 当心别犯错。Goodbye, and take care! 再见，多保重！He is old enough to take care of himself. 他足够大，能照顾自己了。（1）laugh at 嘲笑Don’t laugh at others. 别嘲笑他人。（2）laugh作名词时，意为＂笑声＂，是可数名词。We had a good laugh about his joke. 我们觉得他的笑话很好笑。seriously用作副词，意为＂严肃地；认真地；严重地＂。His mother is seriously ill. 他妈妈病得很重。bring out有＂拿出，带出，出版，生产＂之意。Please bring out your camera and take some pictures. 请拿出你的相机并且照一些照片。The company is bringing out a new sports car. 这个公司正在生产一种新型跑车。reach＋地点I reached Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。 get to＋地点I got to Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。arrive in＋大地点at＋小地点I arrived in Beijing last night. 我昨晚到达北京。I arrived at Beijing Airport last night. 我昨晚到达北京机场。share...with sb. 与某人分享……My best friend shares her happiness and sadness with me. 我最好的朋友与我分享她的快乐与悲伤。构成方式例词规则变化单音节和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er，-estsmall→smaller→smallesthard→harder→hardest以不发音的字母e结尾的词，加-r，-stlarge→larger→largestwide→wider→widest以两个辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig→bigger→biggestthin→thinner→thinnest以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er，-estugly→uglier→ugliestearly→earlier→earliest少数以er或ow结尾的双音节词，词尾加-er，-estnarrow→narrower→narrowestclever→cleverer→cleverest多音节其他双音节词和多音节词及分词形容词，在词前加more，mostimportant→more important→most important easily→more easily→most easily比较级规则变化口诀两者之间做比较，尾巴-er少不了；一般词尾加-er，有e词尾只加-r；单一辅音单音节，双写词尾加-er；辅音加y很重要，去y变i加-er；双多音节字太长，前加more比它强。不规则变化bad/badly→worse→worst；much/many→more→most；good/well→better→best；far→farther/further→farthest/furthest；old→older/elder→oldest /eldest；little→less→least【易错警示】1. farther/farthest和further/furthest的区别：二者表示距离时，往往可互换，但是用于引申义，表示程度时，只能使用后者。He can throw much farther/further than you. 他可以比你扔得远得多。His suggestion is that Kate should be sent abroad for further education. 他的建议是凯特被派往国外进修。2. older/oldest和elder/eldest的区别：前者用于人或者物，可作定语和表语，可与than连用，而后者主要用于家人之间，表明长幼关系，往往用于人，不用于物，而且只作定语不作表语，也不与than连用。I’m two years older than him. 我比他大两岁。His elder brother works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥在一家服装厂工作。不规则名词变化记忆口诀合二为一共三对，坏病两多和两好；一分为二有两个，一是远来二是老；还有一词含双义，只记少来不记小。（对应的词为：bad/ill，many/much，good/well，far，old，little）1. 两者进行比较，表示＂一方比另一方更……＂时用2. 两者进行比较，表示＂一方与另一方一样……＂时用3. 两者进行比较，问＂其中哪一个更……＂时用一、词汇积累(一)人物对比类短语1. be different from 2.be similar to 3.the same as 4.as tall as(二)人物描述类短语1.be talented in 2.be good at(三)朋友相处类短语1. be good with sb. 2.truly care about me 3.share everything 4. make me laugh(四)写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级形式1.taller；tallest 2. shorter；shortest 3.later；latest 4.lazier；laziest　5.funnier；funniest 6.earlier；earliest 7.thinner；thinnest 8. more popular；most popular 9. better；best 10.worse；worst二、句子积累(一)佳句欣赏与模拟1. I am quite good at English.　2. It’s easy for me to get good grades.3. In fact, Li Ming runs much/a lot faster than me.(二)表达个人的择友观1.necessary 2.really care 3.are like；as long as(三)写作微技能：比较级的巧用1.better than 2.as；as 3.as；as三、以读促写1. saying 2. primary 3. similar 4. Both 5. serious6. kids/children 7. outgoing 8. talented 9. laugh 　　10. hard-working11. grades　　　12. long 　　　　　13. should 14. share 15. fact16. Though/Although 17. care 18. really 19. heart