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北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）
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这是一份北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分, 共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My 10-year-ld sn Egbert was a picky eater - he nly ate chicken nuggets and ygurt - and unwilling t try new things. Accrding t him, it’s because he has phbias, including heights and the dark. I was hping t find a way t ____1____ him withut using ld sayings like “If yu dn’t try it, yu’ll never knw if yu like it.” S befre ur skiing trip t Ls Angeles, I ___2___ a rule: we wuld say yes t everything, including new fds and experiences.
We said yes frm the beginning f ur trip. At the airprt café, Egbert began by trying new fds like vegetable meatballs. ___3___, he rated it as “nt bad”. The next day in the snwbarding schl, despite the fear f heights, Egbert challenged himself t learn hw t ride a chairlift. After skiing, we were bth cld and wet, and Egbert suggested the utdr ht tub (浴缸). Thugh it wuld be a cmpletely new experience fr us, I ___4___ it tgether with him and the experience prved t be a delight. I felt ___5___ f myself fr trying smething new.
On ur summer hlidays, we cntinued the ___6___ f saying yes. At the cmpetitin in Cdy, Wyming, neither f my sn and I ___7___ when we were invited nt the field t jin in the hrse racing. Thugh we came back withut prizes, we were bth laughing, sweaty and ___8___. I knw it’s a mment we’ll never frget.
Therein lies the ___9___ f saying yes n vacatin: it pushes us ut f ur cmfrt zne, thugh it’s nt always pssible t say yes t everything in ur daily life. Develping a sense f ____10____ helps us live life t the fullest - even if we smetimes wind up cld and wet.
1. A. warn B. award C. rder D. encurage
2. A. brke B. set C. changed D. remembered
3. A. Strangely B. Clearly C. Undubtedly D. Surprisingly
4. A. braved B. adjusted C. missed D. discussed
5. A. afraid B. prud C. nervus D. respectful
6. A. traditin B. lessn C. trend D. celebratin
7. A. cared B. agreed C. panicked D. hesitated
8. A. puzzled B. tuched C. excited D. disappinted
9. A. risk B. beauty C. cst D. duty
10. A. devtin B. identity C. adventure D. happiness
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了鼓励儿子尝试新事物，在一次滑雪旅行中制定了一个“对一切说‘是’”的规则，并通过亲身体验来激励儿子克服恐惧和尝试新事物的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望能找到一个方法来鼓励他，而不是使用像“如果你不尝试，你永远不会知道你是否会喜欢它”这样的老话。A. warn警告；B. award奖励；C. rder命令；D. encurage鼓励。根据上文“My 10-year-ld sn Egbert was a picky eater - he nly ate chicken nuggets and ygurt - and unwilling t try new things. (我的10岁儿子Egbert是个挑食者——他只吃鸡块和酸奶——而且不愿意尝试新事物。)”可知，作者希望找到一种方法来激励儿子尝试新事物。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在我们去洛杉矶滑雪之前，我设定了一个规则：我们会对一切说“是”，包括新食物和新体验。A. brke打破；B. set设定；C. changed改变；D. remembered记住。根据下文“a rule: we wuld say yes t everything”可知，作者设定了一个规则。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他评价说“还不错”。A. Strangely奇怪地；B. Clearly清楚地；C. Undubtedly毫无疑问地；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据下文“he rated it as “nt bad””可知，挑剔的儿子尝试新食物后的反应令人吃惊。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这将是我们完全新的体验，但我还是和他一起尝试了，并且这次经历证明是非常愉快的。A. braved勇敢地面对；B. adjusted调整；C. missed错过；D. discussed讨论。根据下文“the experience prved t be a delight.”可知，作者和儿子勇敢地面对尝试新事物。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为自己尝试新事物感到自豪。A. afraid害怕的；B. prud自豪的；C. nervus紧张的；D. respectful尊敬的。根据下文“f myself fr trying smething new.”可知，作者对自己尝试新事物感到自豪，be prud f“因……而自豪”。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的暑假中，我们继续坚持说“是”的传统。A. traditin传统；B. lessn教训；C. trend趋势；D. celebratin庆祝。根据上文“We said yes frm the beginning f ur trip.”可知，作者和儿子把说“是”变成一种传统。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在怀俄明州科迪的比赛场上，当被邀请加入骑马比赛时，我和儿子都没有犹豫。A. cared关心；B. agreed同意；C. panicked惊慌；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文“we cntinued the ______f saying yes”可知，作者和儿子继续尝试新事物，没有犹豫就接受了骑马比赛的邀请。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们没有赢得奖品，但我们都在笑，满身大汗，非常兴奋。A. puzzled困惑的；B. tuched感动的；C. excited兴奋的；D. disappinted失望的。根据上文“we were bth laughing, sweaty”可知，他们玩得很开心，感觉很兴奋。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是在度假时说“是”的美丽之处：它将我们推出舒适区，尽管并不是总能对日常生活中一切都说“是”。A. risk冒险；B. beauty美好；C. cst成本；D. duty职责。根据下文“it pushes us ut f ur cmfrt zne, thugh it’s nt always pssible t say yes t everything in ur daily life.”可知，这里指的是说“是”的美好之处。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养一种冒险精神有助于我们充分体验生活——即使有时我们会又冷又湿。A. devtin奉献；B. identity身份；C. adventure冒险；D. happiness幸福。结合全文，文章主要讲作者鼓励儿子尝试新事物，培养他敢于冒险的精神。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The Chinese delegatin (代表团) cncluded the 2024 Paris Olympics with a remarkable achievement f 40 gld medals. 404 athletes ____11____ participated in 232 events acrss 30 sprts wn a ttal f 91 medals. This represents a ____12____ (significance) breakthrugh — Chinese athletes have demnstrated huge ptential in sprts where we have been late starters, while hlding the leading psitin in events such as diving and table tennis. The Paris Olympics prvided a glbal platfrm fr China ____13____ (shw) its sprtsmanship, cnfidence and penness.
【答案】11. wh 12. significant 13. t shw
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国代表团在2024年巴黎奥运会上的优异表现和成就。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：404名运动员参加了30个大项中的232个小项比赛，共获得了91枚奖牌。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词athletes。先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词wh引导该从句。故填wh。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这代表了一个重要的突破——中国运动员在我们起步较晚的项目中展现了巨大的潜力，同时在跳水和乒乓球等项目中保持领先地位。空处需要形容词修饰后面的名词作定语。significance的形容词形式为significant“重要的”。故填significant。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：巴黎奥运会为中国提供了一个向世界展示其体育精神、自信和开放的全球平台。prvide a platfrm fr sb. t d sth.“为某人提供做某事的平台”，不定式作后置定语。故填t shw。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Recently, I attended a high schl reunin. As I walked int the rm, a rush f emtins vercame me. Faces that I hadn’t seen in years ____14____ (smile) back at me. Memries f carefree days in ur yuth flded back. We recalled the classes, the sprts events and the tricks. ____15____ that wnderful evening, we talked abut ur dreams we had at that time and ____16____ life had unflded since. We recnnected with ld friends, ____17____ (realize) that the bnds f high schl still held strng.
【答案】14. were smiling 15. On 16. hw 17. realizing
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加高中同学聚会时回忆起青春岁月，与老友重聚的情景。
【14题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：多年未见的面孔对我微笑。根据As I walked int the rm可知，空处描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，句子主语Faces为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were smiling。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：在那个美好的晚上，我们谈论了当时的梦想以及自那以后生活是如何展开的。表示具体某一天的晚上，应用介词n，位于句首首字母大写。故填On。
【16题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意同上。空处引导宾语从句，应用连接副词hw“如何，怎样”表达“生活是如何展开”，在宾语从句中作状语。故填hw。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们与老朋友重新建立了联系，意识到高中的纽带依然坚固。空处在句中作非谓语，动词realize与句子主语We构成主动关系，故用现在分词的形式作状语。故填realizing。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Nw hundreds f Baidu’s Apll G rbtaxis are perating n the streets f Wuhan, Hubei prvince. These vehicles, ____18____(equip) with Baidu’s latest technlgy t keep safe, have becme ppular. Peple are attracted by the cmpetitive price ffers and gd service. And new jb ____19____(pprtunity) will cme with the rising demand fr rbtaxis, such as cleaning and repairing. Hwever, rbtaxis have als raised peple’s cncerns. Thus, mre effrts____20____(require) t enhance self-driving testing and related technlgy.
【答案】18. equipped 19. pprtunities 20. are required
【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，数百辆百度的Apll G机器人出租车在湖北武汉的街道上运行，这些车辆受到了广泛欢迎，但是它们的出现也引起了人们的担忧。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些装备了百度最新的安全技术的车辆已经变得很受欢迎。句子的谓语为have becme，空为非谓语作状语，vehicles与equip构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。故填equipped。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：新的工作机会将随着对机器人出租车（如清洁和修理）需求的增加而出现。pprtunity为可数名词，空处作主语，用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填pprtunities。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：因此，需要更多的努力来加强自动驾驶测试和相关技术。空处作谓语，effrts与require构成逻辑上的被动关系，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为复数。故填are required。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Disinfrmatin, which is false infrmatin spread n purpse, has becme a cause f cncern recently. In respnse t this rising glbal threat, the United Natins Infrmatin Centre (UNIC) Canberra and its partners will be rganizing a tw-day cnference, DISINFO PACIFIC, n Nvember 11 and 12, 2024.
The cnference will fcus n strategies fr preventing and reducing disinfrmatin, as well as applying best practices t address this glbal challenge. It aims t prvide a frum (论坛) fr jurnalists, scial media experts, educatrs, researchers, plicy-makers and cmmunicatins prfessinals, frm within and utside the UN.
Currently, we are in search f scial media vlunteers t prvide nline assistance fr this cnference.
Requirements:
· Outstanding ral and written cmmunicatin skills
· Prfessinal graphic (绘图的) design experience
· Prir invlvement in designing dcument layuts
· In-depth familiarity with graphic design apps
· Wrking knwledge f the English language
Nte: A degree in graphic design r a related field is cnsidered a plus.
Respnsibilities:
· Develping a cmprehensive scial media release plan
· Assisting in chsing the right types f media and updating cnference infrmatin n a daily basis
· Wrking tgether with ur cmmunicatins team t create scial media activities accrding t agreed requirements
· Develping a series f scial media resurces nce the final cncept is agreed upn, with a particular fcus n a yuth (university level) student audience
Jin us nw as a scial media vlunteer and help build a future with less disinfrmatin. Yu will als have the pprtunity t build cnnectins with the UNIC Canberra and its partners and learn abut the ways in which scial media cmmunicatin can supprt the prmtin f a cnference centering n disinfrmatin.
Find ut mre at
21. Accrding t the passage, vlunteers shuld .
A. hld a degree in graphic design
B. be able t develp graphic design apps
C. have a great cmmunicative cmpetence
D. be as fluent in English as native speakers
22. If selected, vlunteers will .
A. release a UNIC wrk plan B. help design scial media activities
C. evaluate the final cncept D. prvide weekly media updates
23. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T prmte a cnference. B. T seek nline vlunteers.
C. T highlight a glbal threat. D. T intrduce an rganizatin.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国信息中心堪培拉分部组织的DISINFO PACIFIC会议，招募社交媒体志愿者的要求和职责。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Requirements:部分“Outstanding ral and written cmmunicatin skills(出色的口头和书面沟通技巧)”可知，志愿者应具备良好的沟通能力。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Respnsibilities:部分“Wrking tgether with ur cmmunicatins team t create scial media activities accrding t agreed requirements(与我们的通讯团队合作，根据商定的要求创建社交媒体活动)”可知，志愿者将会帮助设计社交媒体活动。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。结合全文及文章第三段“Currently, we are in search f scial media vlunteers t prvide nline assistance fr this cnference.(目前，我们正在寻找社交媒体志愿者，为此次会议提供在线支持)”可知，本篇文章的主要目的是为DISINFO PACIFIC会议招募在线志愿者。故选B。
B
I’m walking arund the huse with a severe limp (跛行) and actively secnd-guessing every decisin I’ ve ever made. That can nly mean ne thing: I just ran my ne race fr the year.
The 7-mile race is in my hmetwn in Illinis, and I’ ve been ding it almst every year since I was a 12-year-ld by. I reached my peak abut 15 years ag and have been perfrming prly ever since.
Why d I keep ging if I n lnger enjy it and am getting wrse every year? Traditin, mstly. Besides, I dn’t dislike the whle race, just the running part. I like seeing all the running club members I’ ve knwn since childhd, and I lve the free beer afterward. Running is just a minr blck n the way t the gd stuff.
That day, I was accmpanied t the race by a grup f three extremely in-shape peple. We all live in the same Indianaplis suburb. These guys bike and run cuntless miles, ften in the same day. One has dne dzens f Spartan Races, which require the player t crawl thrugh mud, flip tires and thrw spears. Anther is training fr a triathln (三项全能运动). In additin t being faster than me n ft, in the water and n wheels, he can als utlift me.
I didn’t hld much hpe fr the race— n ne puts less pressure n me than me. Between miles 4 and 5, I felt s gd that I wndered why I nly d this nce a year. Then I hit mile 6, and my bdy warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left, at which pint my legs decided they were dne. Determinatin and a can-d attitude are n match fr gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slwly made my way t the finishing line.
Still, I can hnestly say I gave everything I had. My slw, pldding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a victry that prves I gave it my all. I dn’t need a huge cup t hnr my heric perfrmance. My aching knee is enugh f a suvenir.
A day later, even as my entire bdy tells me I’m an idit, I can’t help but feel that the race was a success. I’ve decided t keep ding this race as lng as my legs can supprt me.
24. The authr ran the race because .
A. he wanted t keep the ld custmB. he wanted t cmpete with friends
C. he intended t build up his bdyD. he enjyed lng-distance running
25. Why did the authr mentin the in-shape peple?
A. T give his reasn fr lw self-expectatin.
B. T shw his envy f their athletic abilities.
C. T emphasize his strng will t win the race.
D. T express his cnfidence in finishing the race.
26. What d we knw abut the authr during the race?
A. He struggled frm beginning t end.
B. He brke his leg at the finishing line.
C. He experienced pressure frm himself.
D. He pushed himself t the limits t make it.
27. Hw did the authr feel after the race?
A. Surprised.B. Satisfied.C. Regretful.D. Grateful.
【答案】24. A 25. A 26. D 27. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己坚持参加每年在家乡举办的7英里赛跑的经历，尽管跑步过程艰难且成绩不佳，但因传统、赛后社交及免费啤酒等因素，他依然视其为一种乐趣并决定继续参加。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Why d I keep ging if I n lnger enjy it and am getting wrse every year? Traditin, mstly.( 如果我不再喜欢它，而且成绩一年比一年差，我为什么还要继续下去呢？主要是，传统。)”可知，作者参加比赛是因为他想保持旧习俗。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“These guys bike and run cuntless miles, ften in the same day. One has dne dzens f Spartan Races, which require the player t crawl thrugh mud, flip tires and thrw spears. Anther is training fr a triathln (三项全能运动). In additin t being faster than me n ft, in the water and n wheels, he can als utlift me.( 这些人日复一日地骑行和跑步，里程数多达数百公里。其中一人已经完成了数十场斯巴达勇士赛，这些比赛要求参赛者穿越泥潭，翻转轮胎和投掷长矛。还有一个人正在为一场铁人三项赛做准备。除了在陆地、水域和骑行方面比我跑得快，他还能比我举得更重。)”可知，作者描述了这些人与他的不同之处，比如他们骑行和跑步的距离更长，参加过斯巴达比赛，训练铁人三项等，这些都表明他们比作者更有运动能力。因此，作者提到这些人是为了给自己的低期望找到合理的解释。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Then I hit mile 6, and my bdy warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left, at which pint my legs decided they were dne.(当我跑到6英里时，我的身体发出了警告。我逼着自己，直到我还剩一英里，这时我的腿觉得不行了。)”以及“Determinatin and a can-d attitude are n match fr gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slwly made my way t the finishing line.(决心和“我能行”的态度战胜不了重力和距离。我筋疲力尽，慢慢地向终点线走去。)”可知，作者拼尽全力完成比赛，直到最后一英里腿已经无法再跑下去，因此可以得知作者在比赛中竭尽全力。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“My slw, pldding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a victry that prves I gave it my all. I dn’t need a huge cup t hnr my heric perfrmance. My aching knee is enugh f a suvenir.( 我缓慢、步履艰难的完赛实际上是一场胜利，证明了我付出了我的一切。我不需要一个巨大的杯子来纪念我的英雄事迹。我疼痛的膝盖足以作为纪念。)”可知，尽管作者身体疼痛，但作者仍然认为比赛是成功的，因为他已经竭尽全力，故推断作者在比赛结束后是十分满意的。故选B。
C
A species can be termed temprarily “lst” after nt being sighted fr a decade, but researchers still hpe t find it again eventually. In 2023, that hpe led t the rediscvery f Attenbrugh’s echidna, unseen fr half a century. Inspired, Thmas Evans and his team have created a database f 856 lst and 424 rediscvered species.
The database keeps grwing faster than explrers can keep up with, despite increasingly advanced technlgies fr tracing unseen creatures reaching an expertise level. The study indicates many rediscvered species appear t fllw a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals r birds tending t live near humans and in mre-develped cuntries. Thus, Evans says if an animal is up t snuff but cntinues t be ut f researchers’ sight after lng searches, it’s prbably gne frever. On the cntrary, animals that dn’t exhibit the pattern fr easy rediscvery are very much alive ut there. “Because they are generally difficult t cme acrss and are therefre met with less explratry attentin, in mst cases, small, unattractive species are mre likely t be seemingly extinct but still alive,” Evans says.
Evans hpes such details will help cnservatinists like Christina Biggs, wh has been drawing upn a list f 25 “mst wanted” species fr Texas-based charity Re: wild since 2017. “Currenuly, Re: wild is finalizing its 2024 search lists, using the study’s results. We have t make hard decisins n where t put ur mney, and Evans’s research helps t direct us,” says Biggs.
But is it always in a lst species’ best interest t be fund? After a rediscvery, it can take mnths t secure an area frm hunters r turists. “In publicizing smething yu’ve rediscvered, yu’re publicizing a fd surce fr hunters,” says bilgist James Kemptn. Biggs ntes, hwever, rediscveries ften strengthen prtectin effrts. When a species is rediscvered, prtected areas will be made pssible. Biggs adds that fr sme hard- t-find species, researchers culd use Evans’s study t decide if a creature is likely still alive — and then draw brad prtected areas arund its general regin, where ther endangered species als live, rather than send pssibly fruitless explrers t the area t prve the animal’s existence.
Beynd the scientific gains, searching fr lst species plays a crucial rle in understanding and prtecting ur wrld. Once, the Yngsu Sapari cmmunity used Attenbrugh’s echidnas as a peace tl t settle arguments. “If brthers fught, they had t find an Attenbrugh’s echidna, a slutin that is increasingly difficult,” Biggs says. “S, everything is cnnected. Every species behaves in an ecsystem and fulfills a purpse.”
28. What des the underlined phrase “is up t snuff” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Fits the prfile. B. Adapts well.
C. Breaks the habit. D. Grws mature.
29. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Technlgy has reduced the number f missing species.
B. Publicizing rediscvery secures the future f lst species.
C. Larger animals face a higher extinctin risk than smaller nes.
D. Animals neighbring humans receive mre attentin in searches.
30. What might Christina Biggs agree with?
A. The number f echidnas will increase after its rediscvery.
B. Explratry missins matter mre than habitat preservatin.
C. Extinct species cme with bth eclgical and cultural lsses.
D. Thmas Evans has instructed Re: wild t identify the 25 species.
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员如何通过创建数据库来追踪和重新发现“失联”物种，并讨论了重新发现物种对保护工作的影响以及公众宣传的双刃剑效应。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前“The study indicates many rediscvered species appear t fllw a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals r birds tending t live near humans and in mre-develped cuntries.(研究表明，许多重新发现的物种表现出相似的趋势：它们通常是生活在人类附近的大型、吸引人的哺乳动物或鸟类，且多生活在较发达国家)”及划线词后“but cntinues t be ut f researchers’ sight after lng searches, it’s prbably gne frever.(但在长时间搜索后仍然不见踪影，那么它可能已经永远消失了)”可知，如果一个动物符合重新被发现的标准，即体型大、有吸引力、生活在人类附近或更发达的国家，但在长时间的搜寻后仍未被找到，那么它可能已经永远消失了。故划线词“is up t snuff”与A项“符合标准”意义相近。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The study indicates many rediscvered species appear t fllw a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals r birds tending t live near humans and in mre-develped cuntries. Thus, Evans says if an animal is up t snuff but cntinues t be ut f researchers’ sight after lng searches, it’s prbably gne frever. On the cntrary, animals that dn’t exhibit the pattern fr easy rediscvery are very much alive ut there. “Because they are generally difficult t cme acrss and are therefre met with less explratry attentin, in mst cases, small, unattractive species are mre likely t be seemingly extinct but still alive,” Evans says.(研究表明，许多重新发现的物种表现出相似的趋势：它们通常是生活在人类附近的大型、吸引人的哺乳动物或鸟类，且多生活在较发达国家。因此，埃文斯说，如果一种动物符合标准，但在长时间搜索后仍然不见踪影，那么它可能已经永远消失了。相反，不符合容易重新发现模式的动物很可能仍然活着。“因为它们通常难以遇见，因此得到的探索关注较少，大多数情况下，小型、不吸引人的物种看起来已经灭绝，但实际上仍然活着，”埃文斯说)”可知，人类相邻的动物由于更容易被注意到和重新发现，因此它们受到的关注更多。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beynd the scientific gains, searching fr lst species plays a crucial rle in understanding and prtecting ur wrld. Once, the Yngsu Sapari cmmunity used Attenbrugh’s echidnas as a peace tl t settle arguments. “If brthers fught, they had t find an Attenbrugh’s echidna, a slutin that is increasingly difficult,” Biggs says. “S, everything is cnnected. Every species behaves in an ecsystem and fulfills a purpse.(除了科学上的收获，寻找失联物种在理解和保护我们的世界中发挥着关键作用。曾经，Yngsu Sapari社区使用爱登堡针鼹作为一种和平工具来解决争端。“如果兄弟们争吵，他们必须找到一只爱登堡针鼹，但这种情况越来越难，”比格斯说。“所以，一切都是相互关联的。每个物种在生态系统中都有其行为和作用)”可知，比格斯会同意的观点是：灭绝的物种不仅带来生态上的损失，还有文化上的损失。故选C。
D
Over the summer, the neurscientist Christ f Kch accepted defeat n his 25-year bet with the philspher David Chalmers, a lst wager that the science f cnsciusness wuld be all wrapped up by nw. Despite decades f research, there’s little sign f shared understanding n cnsciusness, with several cmpeting theries still being debated.
In my new bk entitled Why? I take head-n the questin f why it’s s hard t make prgress n cnsciusness. The cre difficulty is that cnsciusness cannt be easily bserved. Yu can’t lk inside smene’s brain and see their feelings and experiences. Science des deal with things that can’t be bserved, such as fundamental particles (粒子), quantum wave functins (量子波函数), and maybe even ther universes. But cnsciusness pses an imprtant difference: in all f these ther cases, we therize abut things we can’t bserve in rder t explain what we can bserve. Uniquely with cnsciusness, the thing we are trying t explain cannt be publicly bserved.
Hw then can we investigate cnsciusness? I argue that we can accunt fr the evlutin f cnsciusness nly if we reject reductinism (简化论) abut it. Mst cnsciusness researchers emply a reductinist view f the universe, where physics is running the shw. Thus, insfar as there are sme future pssibilities left pen by the arrangements f particles in ur brains, they are settled by nthing mre than the randm chanciness implicit (含蓄的) in quantum mechanics.
Sme challenges have emerged lately t this reductinist mdel. The neurscientist Kevin Mitchell argues that the free will f cnscius rganisms plays a rle in determining what will happen in the brain, ver and abve what is settled by the laws f physics. Evlutin ffers ne f the strngest challenges. Natural selectin nly cares abut behavir, as it’s nly behavir that matters fr survival. Rapid prgress in AI and rbtics has made it clear, hwever, that extremely cmplex behaviur can exist in a system that entirely lacks cnscius experience. Fr any adaptive behaviur assciated with cnsciusness, there culd be a nncnscius mechanism that inspires the same behaviur. Given this, it is a deep mystery why cnsciusness evlved at all. But suppse the emergence f bilgical cnsciusness brings int existence radically new frms f behavir, ver and abve what physics alne culd prduce. Perhaps rganisms that have cnscius awareness f the wrld arund them, and thereby freely respnd based n that awareness, behave very differently than mere mechanisms. Cnsequently, they survive much better. With these assumptins, we can make sense f natural selectin’s preference fr cnscius rganisms.
As a philspher, in Why? ,I develp a radical frm — the view that cnsciusness ges right dwn t the fundamental building blcks f reality — aimed at addressing the philsphical challenges f cnsciusness, as well as prviding a framewrk fr scientists t make prgress n the scientific issues. It is a pincer mvement (钳形运动) f science and philsphy that will, ultimately, crack the mystery f cnsciusness.
31. What can we learn abut cnsciusness frm this passage?
A. Cnsciusness evlves frm behavir.
B. Scientists therize cnsciusness t bserve it.
C. Cnsciusness lacks bservable phenmena t study.
D. Quantum wave functins help explain cnsciusness.
32. As fr Kevin Mitchell’s argument, the authr is .
A. supprtive.B. disapprving.C. neutral.D. uncertain.
33. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Physicists’ researches reject reductinism.
B. Brain wrks independently f the physics principles.
C. The nature f cnsciusness requires further investigatin.
D. Natural selectin prves reductinist views f cnsciusness.
34. What is the best title f the passage?
A. A Debate ver the Nature f Cnsciusness.
B. Cnsciusness and Behavir: A Philsphical Perspective.
C. The Rle f Natural Selectin in Cnsciusness Develpment.
D. Beynd Reductinism: Explring the Evlutin f Cnsciusness.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍当前意识研究领域面临的困境、挑战和新的探索方向，提出超越简化论来解释意识进化的新方向。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The cre difficulty is that cnsciusness cannt be easily bserved. Yu can’t lk inside smene’s brain and see their feelings and experiences.（核心困难在于意识不容易被观察。你无法看到某人的大脑内部，无法看到他们的情感和体验。）”可知，意识在人脑内部，不易被观察，因此选项C“意识缺乏可观察的现象用以研究”符合题意。故选C项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The neurscientist Kevin Mitchell argues that the free will f cnscius rganisms plays a rle in determining what will happen in the brain, ver and abve what is settled by the laws f physics.（神经科学家Kevin Mitchell认为，有意识生物体的自由意志在决定大脑中将发生什么方面起着作用，这超出了物理定律所决定的范围。）”以及接下来的内容“Given this, it is a deep mystery why cnsciusness evlved at all. But suppse the emergence f bilgical cnsciusness brings int existence radically new frms f behavir, ver and abve what physics alne culd prduce.（鉴于此，意识为何会进化仍然是一个深奥的谜团。但假设生物意识出现却带来了物理定律单独作用之外的全新行为模式。）”，可以看出作者对于Kevin Mitchell的观点是支持的。因此，选项A“支持的”符合题意。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章整体内容，特别是第一段“Despite decades f research, there’s little sign f shared understanding n cnsciusness, with several cmpeting theries still being debated.（尽管经历了几十年的研究，但对意识的理解几乎没有达成共识的迹象，几个相互对立的理论仍在争论中。）”和最后一段“It is a pincer mvement (钳形运动) f science and philsphy that will, ultimately, crack the mystery f cnsciusness.（科学和哲学的钳形运动，最终将揭开意识的神秘面纱。）”可知，从文中可推断出的是选项C的“意识的本质需进一步研究”。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第四段“Hw then can we investigate cnsciusness? I argue that we can accunt fr the evlutin f cnsciusness nly if we reject reductinism (简化论) abut it. （那么我们如何研究意识呢？我认为，只有当我们拒绝关于意识的简化论时，我们才能解释意识的进化。）”可知，文章主要讨论了关于意识的研究和进化，特别是反对简化论的观点，并提出了一个关于意识进化的新框架。因此，最合适本文的标题应是选项D的“超越简化论：探索意识的进化”。故选D项。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cnsidering they are the wrld’s mst numerus areas f water, it is surprising that pnds are prly understd. There are millins — pssibly billins — f them. ____35____
This neglect might nt have mattered if it were nt fr increasing evidence that pnds are extremely imprtant habitats fr wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive cmmunities with varied rare and endangered species. Acrss many landscapes, they are being shwn t supprt far greater variatin f species than rivers and streams. ____36____ It allws them t have a wider range f cnditins cmpared with rivers and streams where flwing water tends t hmgenise (同质化) water chemistry.
S why have we failed t ntice such a vital part f the natural wrld? A key reasn appears t be what freshwater scientist Jhn Dwning has called “a saliency errr”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if smething is small, it can’t be all that imprtant. ____37____ We dn’t realise that these waters have a deeply ancient rigin and have existed n Earth as lng as there has been land and water.
These misunderstandings within freshwater science have had a big impact n ur ability t prtect their wildlife. In Eurpe, fr example, the Water Framewrk Directive mstly excludes any bdies f water smaller than 50 hectares.
____38____ Last year, the Ramsar Cnventin, an internatinal agreement, intrduced a reslutin n small wetlands, including pnds, giving crucial recgnitin t them. And the Eurpean Unin-funded PONDERFUL prject is gathering data n Eurpe’s pnds. Hwever, there remains much t d. As the effects f climate change deepen, plants and animals will increasingly need t mve acrss the landscape t survive. ____39____ They are easy t make and they clnize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt ver shrt timescales.
A. Viewpints are changing, frtunately, t the benefit f pnds.
B. This bidiversity seems t be partly due t the small size f pnds.
C. A study shws they make up much f the glbal water envirnment.
D. Yet fr a century r s, scientists have paid them very little attentin.
E. We can create pnds in cnsiderable numbers as ne f the few habitats.
F. There is increasing evidence f the imprtance f pnds fr bidiversity.
G. Mst f us als devalued pnds because we regard them as artificial habitats.
【答案】35. D 36. B 37. G 38. A 39. E
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了池塘在生物多样性中的重要性及其长期以来被忽视的原因。
【35题详解】
上文“Cnsidering they are the wrld’s mst numerus areas f water, it is surprising that pnds are prly understd. There are millins — pssibly billins — f them.(考虑到池塘是世界上数量最多的水域，令人惊讶的是，人们对池塘知之甚少。池塘有数百万甚至数十亿个)”讲述了池塘的数量非常多，但人们对它们了解不多，下文“This neglect might nt have mattered if it were nt fr increasing evidence that pnds are extremely imprtant habitats fr wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive cmmunities with varied rare and endangered species.(如果不是因为越来越多的证据表明池塘是极其重要的野生动物栖息地，这种忽视可能无关紧要)”表明科学家经常忽视池塘的重要性，D项“然而，大约一个世纪以来，科学家们很少关注它们。”承上启下，paid them very little attentin与下文This neglect相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。
【36题详解】
上文“Acrss many landscapes, they are being shwn t supprt far greater variatin f species than rivers and streams.(在许多景观中，它们被证明支持的物种变异远大于河流和溪流)”表明池塘对生物多样性的重要性，下文“It allws them t have a wider range f cnditins cmpared with rivers and streams where flwing water tends t hmgenise water chemistry.(这使得它们能够拥有比河流和溪流更广泛的变化条件，因为在河流和溪流中，流动的水往往会使得水质化学变得同质化)”解释了池塘能够支持多样性的原因。B项“这种生物多样性部分归因于池塘的小尺寸。”说明了池塘的小尺寸是其生物多样性的一个重要原因，承上启下，下文的It指代the small size f pnds，符合语境。故选B项。
【37题详解】
上文“S why have we failed t ntice such a vital part f the natural wrld? A key reasn appears t be what freshwater scientist Jhn Dwning has called “a saliency errr”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if smething is small, it can’t be all that imprtant.(那么，为什么我们未能注意到自然世界如此重要的一部分呢？一个关键原因似乎是淡水科学家约翰·唐宁所说的“显著性错误”：人类自然地假设，如果某物很小，就不会那么重要)”讲述了人们忽视池塘的原因，下文“We dn’t realise that these waters have a deeply ancient rigin and have existed n Earth as lng as there has been land and water.(我们没有意识到这些水域有着悠久的历史，自地球上有了陆地和水以来就一直存在)”进一步解释了人们对池塘的误解，G项“我们大多数人也因为认为池塘是人工栖息地而低估了它们的价值。”提到了人们低估池塘价值的另一个原因，与上文是并列关系，且引出下文，符合语境。故选G项。
【38题详解】
下文“Last year, the Ramsar Cnventin, an internatinal agreement, intrduced a reslutin n small wetlands, including pnds, giving crucial recgnitin t them. And the Eurpean Unin-funded PONDERFUL prject is gathering data n Eurpe’s pnds.(去年，国际湿地公约引入了一项关于小湿地(包括池塘)的决议，给予它们至关重要的认可。欧盟资助的PONDERFUL项目正在收集有关欧洲池塘的数据)”讲述了国际上对池塘的认识和支持，A项“幸运的是，人们的观点正在向对池塘有益的方向改变。”概述人们对池塘的看法正在改变，下文是具体的措施，符合语境。故选A项。
【39题详解】
上文“Hwever, there remains much t d. As the effects f climate change deepen, plants and animals will increasingly need t mve acrss the landscape t survive.(然而，还有很多工作要做。随着气候变化的影响加深，植物和动物将越来越需要在景观中移动以生存)”表明建造池塘的必要性，下文“They are easy t make and they clnize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt ver shrt timescales.(池塘很容易建造，且迅速被生物占据，这可以帮助淡水物种在短时间内适应)”讲述了池塘在应对气候变化中的作用。E项“我们可以建造大量的池塘，作为为数不多的栖息地之一。”说明了池塘作为一种栖息地的潜力，承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
We all lve t criticize, but unfrtunately, we als hate being criticized. We freely pst and cmment n thers, but feel annyed at the way thers assess us, bth nline and in persn. The wrld seems unlikely t change anytime sn. Frtunately, thugh, each f us can change hw we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback — even when it is negative.
Criticism is defined as judgment f the merits (优点) and faults f smething r smene in written r spken frm. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what cncerns us here. What annys us is criticism f the negative variety, even when well-intentined — s-called cnstructive criticism, which means t prvide guidance s we can imprve. Wrst f all is destructive criticism, which aims t cause hurt r damage.
The culture f criticism isn’t ging away. The nly way t flurish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is t adpt new habits f getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is t assume that criticism, even when it seems persnal, is nt actually abut yu persnally. When we receive criticism, we make it persnal in tw ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Secnd, we tend t cnsider the criticism a judgment n ur natural abilities, rather than n ur perfrmance. Interestingly, even amng yung children, research shws that viewing criticism as a judgment n ne’s abilities can lead t lwer self-wrth, lwer psitive md, and less persistence at tasks.
If taking criticism is particularly hard fr yu, yu are nt alne. Hwever, taking criticism badly is mre embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we d the wrk t learn t accept negative feedback, we will be much better ff.
40. What will be the results f changing the way we give and take criticism?
_______________________________________________________________________________
41. What is the difference between cnstructive and destructive criticism?
_______________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Children wh receive criticism have lwer self-wrth because they take criticism as a judgment n their perfrmance.
_______________________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) wuld yu gain frm learning t accept negative feedback? (In abut 40 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. We will be less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback— even when it is negative.
41. Cnstructive criticism means t prvide guidance s we can imprve, while destructive criticism aims t cause hurt r damage.
42. Children wh receive criticism have lwer self-wrth because they take criticism as a judgment n their perfrmance.
They take criticism as a judgment n their abilities.
43. Learning t accept negative feedback can help us resist anger mre easily and criticize mre crrectly. In additin, accepting negative feedback can help us put ur shrtcmings in perspective, crrect ur mistakes and imprve urselves.
【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，说明了批评对我们的影响及我们应如何正确地对待批评。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Frtunately, thugh, each f us can change hw we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback— even when it is negative.(幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变我们给予和接受批评的方式，这将使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈)”可知，改变我们给予和接受批评的方式会使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈。故答案为We will be less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback — even when it is negative.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“What annys us is criticism f the negative variety, even when well-intentined — s-called cnstructive criticism, which means t prvide guidance s we can imprve. Wrst f all is destructive criticism, which aims t cause hurt r damage.(让我们烦恼的是负面的批评，即使是善意的所谓建设性的批评，也意味着提供指导，让我们提高。最糟糕的是破坏性的批评，它的目的是造成伤害或破坏)”可知，建设性的批评是指提供指导，使我们能够改进，而破坏性的批评旨在造成伤害或损害。故答案为Cnstructive criticism means t prvide guidance s we can imprve, while destructive criticism aims t cause hurt r damage.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“Secnd, we tend t cnsider the criticism a judgment n ur natural abilities, rather than n ur perfrmance. Interestingly, even amng yung children, research shws that viewing criticism as a judgment n ne’s abilities can lead t lwer self-wrth, lwer psitive md, and less persistence at tasks.(第二，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们天生能力的判断，而不是对我们的表现的判断。有趣的是，研究表明，即使是在年幼的孩子中，将批评视为对一个人能力的判断，也会导致自我价值降低、积极情绪降低、任务坚持度降低)”可推知，接受批评的孩子自我价值较低，因为他们把批评当成对自己能力的评判，而不是表现得判断。故答案为Children wh receive criticism have lwer self-wrth because they take criticism as a judgment n their perfrmance./They take criticism as a judgment n their abilities.
【43题详解】
开放性试题。根据文章最后一段“If we d the wrk t learn t accept negative feedback, we will be much better ff.(如果我们努力学习接受负面反馈，我们就会变得更好)”可知，学习接受负面反馈能帮助我们更容易抵制愤怒，同时更正确地进行批评。此外，接受负面反馈还能帮助我们正确地看待自己的不足，纠正错误并提高自己。故答案为Learning t accept negative feedback can help us resist anger mre easily and criticize mre crrectly. In additin, accepting negative feedback can help us put ur shrtcmings in perspective, crrect ur mistakes and imprve urselves.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim在社交媒体上看到了含有流行语“Beijing, city r nt city, ah?”的短视频。这些短视频生动展现了北京的独特活力。Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 介绍北京的活力；
2. 简要说明理由。
注意：1. 词数100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词: 有活力的 vibrant
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Jim,
I’ve als nticed that vides using the catchphrase “Beijing, city r nt city, ah?” have gne viral n scial media, and I’d like t share mre abut hw vibrant Beijing is.
I think Nanluguxiang perfectly embdies the vitality f Beijing. As yu strll thrugh its narrw alleys, yu’ll be greeted by a wide variety f cafés, bkstres, bars and butique shps, each prviding its wn lively atmsphere. The buzz f cnversatin, the smell f freshly brewed cffee, and the laughter frm peple enjying their time ut make Nanluguxiang a ppular destinatin fr bth lcals and visitrs.
This hutng is nt just a place t shp r dine, it’s a vibrant cmmunity where peple immerse themselves in the rich cultural heritage f Beijing.
Cme experience it!
Yurs,
Li Hua
第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My 10-year-ld sn Egbert was a picky eater - he nly ate chicken nuggets and ygurt - and unwilling t try new things. Accrding t him, it’s because he has phbias, including heights and the dark. I was hping t find a way t ____1____ him withut using ld sayings like “If yu dn’t try it, yu’ll never knw if yu like it.” S befre ur skiing trip t Ls Angeles, I ___2___ a rule: we wuld say yes t everything, including new fds and experiences.
We said yes frm the beginning f ur trip. At the airprt café, Egbert began by trying new fds like vegetable meatballs. ___3___, he rated it as “nt bad”. The next day in the snwbarding schl, despite the fear f heights, Egbert challenged himself t learn hw t ride a chairlift. After skiing, we were bth cld and wet, and Egbert suggested the utdr ht tub (浴缸). Thugh it wuld be a cmpletely new experience fr us, I ___4___ it tgether with him and the experience prved t be a delight. I felt ___5___ f myself fr trying smething new.
On ur summer hlidays, we cntinued the ___6___ f saying yes. At the cmpetitin in Cdy, Wyming, neither f my sn and I ___7___ when we were invited nt the field t jin in the hrse racing. Thugh we came back withut prizes, we were bth laughing, sweaty and ___8___. I knw it’s a mment we’ll never frget.
Therein lies the ___9___ f saying yes n vacatin: it pushes us ut f ur cmfrt zne, thugh it’s nt always pssible t say yes t everything in ur daily life. Develping a sense f ____10____ helps us live life t the fullest - even if we smetimes wind up cld and wet.
1. A. warn B. award C. rder D. encurage
2. A. brke B. set C. changed D. remembered
3. A. Strangely B. Clearly C. Undubtedly D. Surprisingly
4. A. braved B. adjusted C. missed D. discussed
5. A. afraid B. prud C. nervus D. respectful
6. A. traditin B. lessn C. trend D. celebratin
7. A. cared B. agreed C. panicked D. hesitated
8. A. puzzled B. tuched C. excited D. disappinted
9. A. risk B. beauty C. cst D. duty
10. A. devtin B. identity C. adventure D. happiness
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了鼓励儿子尝试新事物，在一次滑雪旅行中制定了一个“对一切说‘是’”的规则，并通过亲身体验来激励儿子克服恐惧和尝试新事物的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望能找到一个方法来鼓励他，而不是使用像“如果你不尝试，你永远不会知道你是否会喜欢它”这样的老话。A. warn警告；B. award奖励；C. rder命令；D. encurage鼓励。根据上文“My 10-year-ld sn Egbert was a picky eater - he nly ate chicken nuggets and ygurt - and unwilling t try new things. (我的10岁儿子Egbert是个挑食者——他只吃鸡块和酸奶——而且不愿意尝试新事物。)”可知，作者希望找到一种方法来激励儿子尝试新事物。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在我们去洛杉矶滑雪之前，我设定了一个规则：我们会对一切说“是”，包括新食物和新体验。A. brke打破；B. set设定；C. changed改变；D. remembered记住。根据下文“a rule: we wuld say yes t everything”可知，作者设定了一个规则。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他评价说“还不错”。A. Strangely奇怪地；B. Clearly清楚地；C. Undubtedly毫无疑问地；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据下文“he rated it as “nt bad””可知，挑剔的儿子尝试新食物后的反应令人吃惊。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这将是我们完全新的体验，但我还是和他一起尝试了，并且这次经历证明是非常愉快的。A. braved勇敢地面对；B. adjusted调整；C. missed错过；D. discussed讨论。根据下文“the experience prved t be a delight.”可知，作者和儿子勇敢地面对尝试新事物。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为自己尝试新事物感到自豪。A. afraid害怕的；B. prud自豪的；C. nervus紧张的；D. respectful尊敬的。根据下文“f myself fr trying smething new.”可知，作者对自己尝试新事物感到自豪，be prud f“因……而自豪”。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的暑假中，我们继续坚持说“是”的传统。A. traditin传统；B. lessn教训；C. trend趋势；D. celebratin庆祝。根据上文“We said yes frm the beginning f ur trip.”可知，作者和儿子把说“是”变成一种传统。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在怀俄明州科迪的比赛场上，当被邀请加入骑马比赛时，我和儿子都没有犹豫。A. cared关心；B. agreed同意；C. panicked惊慌；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文“we cntinued the ______f saying yes”可知，作者和儿子继续尝试新事物，没有犹豫就接受了骑马比赛的邀请。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们没有赢得奖品，但我们都在笑，满身大汗，非常兴奋。A. puzzled困惑的；B. tuched感动的；C. excited兴奋的；D. disappinted失望的。根据上文“we were bth laughing, sweaty”可知，他们玩得很开心，感觉很兴奋。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是在度假时说“是”的美丽之处：它将我们推出舒适区，尽管并不是总能对日常生活中一切都说“是”。A. risk冒险；B. beauty美好；C. cst成本；D. duty职责。根据下文“it pushes us ut f ur cmfrt zne, thugh it’s nt always pssible t say yes t everything in ur daily life.”可知，这里指的是说“是”的美好之处。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养一种冒险精神有助于我们充分体验生活——即使有时我们会又冷又湿。A. devtin奉献；B. identity身份；C. adventure冒险；D. happiness幸福。结合全文，文章主要讲作者鼓励儿子尝试新事物，培养他敢于冒险的精神。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The Chinese delegatin (代表团) cncluded the 2024 Paris Olympics with a remarkable achievement f 40 gld medals. 404 athletes ____11____ participated in 232 events acrss 30 sprts wn a ttal f 91 medals. This represents a ____12____ (significance) breakthrugh — Chinese athletes have demnstrated huge ptential in sprts where we have been late starters, while hlding the leading psitin in events such as diving and table tennis. The Paris Olympics prvided a glbal platfrm fr China ____13____ (shw) its sprtsmanship, cnfidence and penness.
【答案】11. wh 12. significant 13. t shw
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国代表团在2024年巴黎奥运会上的优异表现和成就。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：404名运动员参加了30个大项中的232个小项比赛，共获得了91枚奖牌。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词athletes。先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词wh引导该从句。故填wh。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这代表了一个重要的突破——中国运动员在我们起步较晚的项目中展现了巨大的潜力，同时在跳水和乒乓球等项目中保持领先地位。空处需要形容词修饰后面的名词作定语。significance的形容词形式为significant“重要的”。故填significant。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：巴黎奥运会为中国提供了一个向世界展示其体育精神、自信和开放的全球平台。prvide a platfrm fr sb. t d sth.“为某人提供做某事的平台”，不定式作后置定语。故填t shw。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Recently, I attended a high schl reunin. As I walked int the rm, a rush f emtins vercame me. Faces that I hadn’t seen in years ____14____ (smile) back at me. Memries f carefree days in ur yuth flded back. We recalled the classes, the sprts events and the tricks. ____15____ that wnderful evening, we talked abut ur dreams we had at that time and ____16____ life had unflded since. We recnnected with ld friends, ____17____ (realize) that the bnds f high schl still held strng.
【答案】14. were smiling 15. On 16. hw 17. realizing
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加高中同学聚会时回忆起青春岁月，与老友重聚的情景。
【14题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：多年未见的面孔对我微笑。根据As I walked int the rm可知，空处描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，句子主语Faces为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were smiling。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：在那个美好的晚上，我们谈论了当时的梦想以及自那以后生活是如何展开的。表示具体某一天的晚上，应用介词n，位于句首首字母大写。故填On。
【16题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意同上。空处引导宾语从句，应用连接副词hw“如何，怎样”表达“生活是如何展开”，在宾语从句中作状语。故填hw。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们与老朋友重新建立了联系，意识到高中的纽带依然坚固。空处在句中作非谓语，动词realize与句子主语We构成主动关系，故用现在分词的形式作状语。故填realizing。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Nw hundreds f Baidu’s Apll G rbtaxis are perating n the streets f Wuhan, Hubei prvince. These vehicles, ____18____(equip) with Baidu’s latest technlgy t keep safe, have becme ppular. Peple are attracted by the cmpetitive price ffers and gd service. And new jb ____19____(pprtunity) will cme with the rising demand fr rbtaxis, such as cleaning and repairing. Hwever, rbtaxis have als raised peple’s cncerns. Thus, mre effrts____20____(require) t enhance self-driving testing and related technlgy.
【答案】18. equipped 19. pprtunities 20. are required
【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，数百辆百度的Apll G机器人出租车在湖北武汉的街道上运行，这些车辆受到了广泛欢迎，但是它们的出现也引起了人们的担忧。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些装备了百度最新的安全技术的车辆已经变得很受欢迎。句子的谓语为have becme，空为非谓语作状语，vehicles与equip构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。故填equipped。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：新的工作机会将随着对机器人出租车（如清洁和修理）需求的增加而出现。pprtunity为可数名词，空处作主语，用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填pprtunities。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：因此，需要更多的努力来加强自动驾驶测试和相关技术。空处作谓语，effrts与require构成逻辑上的被动关系，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为复数。故填are required。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Disinfrmatin, which is false infrmatin spread n purpse, has becme a cause f cncern recently. In respnse t this rising glbal threat, the United Natins Infrmatin Centre (UNIC) Canberra and its partners will be rganizing a tw-day cnference, DISINFO PACIFIC, n Nvember 11 and 12, 2024.
The cnference will fcus n strategies fr preventing and reducing disinfrmatin, as well as applying best practices t address this glbal challenge. It aims t prvide a frum (论坛) fr jurnalists, scial media experts, educatrs, researchers, plicy-makers and cmmunicatins prfessinals, frm within and utside the UN.
Currently, we are in search f scial media vlunteers t prvide nline assistance fr this cnference.
Requirements:
· Outstanding ral and written cmmunicatin skills
· Prfessinal graphic (绘图的) design experience
· Prir invlvement in designing dcument layuts
· In-depth familiarity with graphic design apps
· Wrking knwledge f the English language
Nte: A degree in graphic design r a related field is cnsidered a plus.
Respnsibilities:
· Develping a cmprehensive scial media release plan
· Assisting in chsing the right types f media and updating cnference infrmatin n a daily basis
· Wrking tgether with ur cmmunicatins team t create scial media activities accrding t agreed requirements
· Develping a series f scial media resurces nce the final cncept is agreed upn, with a particular fcus n a yuth (university level) student audience
Jin us nw as a scial media vlunteer and help build a future with less disinfrmatin. Yu will als have the pprtunity t build cnnectins with the UNIC Canberra and its partners and learn abut the ways in which scial media cmmunicatin can supprt the prmtin f a cnference centering n disinfrmatin.
Find ut mre at
21. Accrding t the passage, vlunteers shuld .
A. hld a degree in graphic design
B. be able t develp graphic design apps
C. have a great cmmunicative cmpetence
D. be as fluent in English as native speakers
22. If selected, vlunteers will .
A. release a UNIC wrk plan B. help design scial media activities
C. evaluate the final cncept D. prvide weekly media updates
23. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T prmte a cnference. B. T seek nline vlunteers.
C. T highlight a glbal threat. D. T intrduce an rganizatin.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国信息中心堪培拉分部组织的DISINFO PACIFIC会议，招募社交媒体志愿者的要求和职责。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Requirements:部分“Outstanding ral and written cmmunicatin skills(出色的口头和书面沟通技巧)”可知，志愿者应具备良好的沟通能力。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Respnsibilities:部分“Wrking tgether with ur cmmunicatins team t create scial media activities accrding t agreed requirements(与我们的通讯团队合作，根据商定的要求创建社交媒体活动)”可知，志愿者将会帮助设计社交媒体活动。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。结合全文及文章第三段“Currently, we are in search f scial media vlunteers t prvide nline assistance fr this cnference.(目前，我们正在寻找社交媒体志愿者，为此次会议提供在线支持)”可知，本篇文章的主要目的是为DISINFO PACIFIC会议招募在线志愿者。故选B。
B
I’m walking arund the huse with a severe limp (跛行) and actively secnd-guessing every decisin I’ ve ever made. That can nly mean ne thing: I just ran my ne race fr the year.
The 7-mile race is in my hmetwn in Illinis, and I’ ve been ding it almst every year since I was a 12-year-ld by. I reached my peak abut 15 years ag and have been perfrming prly ever since.
Why d I keep ging if I n lnger enjy it and am getting wrse every year? Traditin, mstly. Besides, I dn’t dislike the whle race, just the running part. I like seeing all the running club members I’ ve knwn since childhd, and I lve the free beer afterward. Running is just a minr blck n the way t the gd stuff.
That day, I was accmpanied t the race by a grup f three extremely in-shape peple. We all live in the same Indianaplis suburb. These guys bike and run cuntless miles, ften in the same day. One has dne dzens f Spartan Races, which require the player t crawl thrugh mud, flip tires and thrw spears. Anther is training fr a triathln (三项全能运动). In additin t being faster than me n ft, in the water and n wheels, he can als utlift me.
I didn’t hld much hpe fr the race— n ne puts less pressure n me than me. Between miles 4 and 5, I felt s gd that I wndered why I nly d this nce a year. Then I hit mile 6, and my bdy warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left, at which pint my legs decided they were dne. Determinatin and a can-d attitude are n match fr gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slwly made my way t the finishing line.
Still, I can hnestly say I gave everything I had. My slw, pldding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a victry that prves I gave it my all. I dn’t need a huge cup t hnr my heric perfrmance. My aching knee is enugh f a suvenir.
A day later, even as my entire bdy tells me I’m an idit, I can’t help but feel that the race was a success. I’ve decided t keep ding this race as lng as my legs can supprt me.
24. The authr ran the race because .
A. he wanted t keep the ld custmB. he wanted t cmpete with friends
C. he intended t build up his bdyD. he enjyed lng-distance running
25. Why did the authr mentin the in-shape peple?
A. T give his reasn fr lw self-expectatin.
B. T shw his envy f their athletic abilities.
C. T emphasize his strng will t win the race.
D. T express his cnfidence in finishing the race.
26. What d we knw abut the authr during the race?
A. He struggled frm beginning t end.
B. He brke his leg at the finishing line.
C. He experienced pressure frm himself.
D. He pushed himself t the limits t make it.
27. Hw did the authr feel after the race?
A. Surprised.B. Satisfied.C. Regretful.D. Grateful.
【答案】24. A 25. A 26. D 27. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己坚持参加每年在家乡举办的7英里赛跑的经历，尽管跑步过程艰难且成绩不佳，但因传统、赛后社交及免费啤酒等因素，他依然视其为一种乐趣并决定继续参加。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Why d I keep ging if I n lnger enjy it and am getting wrse every year? Traditin, mstly.( 如果我不再喜欢它，而且成绩一年比一年差，我为什么还要继续下去呢？主要是，传统。)”可知，作者参加比赛是因为他想保持旧习俗。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“These guys bike and run cuntless miles, ften in the same day. One has dne dzens f Spartan Races, which require the player t crawl thrugh mud, flip tires and thrw spears. Anther is training fr a triathln (三项全能运动). In additin t being faster than me n ft, in the water and n wheels, he can als utlift me.( 这些人日复一日地骑行和跑步，里程数多达数百公里。其中一人已经完成了数十场斯巴达勇士赛，这些比赛要求参赛者穿越泥潭，翻转轮胎和投掷长矛。还有一个人正在为一场铁人三项赛做准备。除了在陆地、水域和骑行方面比我跑得快，他还能比我举得更重。)”可知，作者描述了这些人与他的不同之处，比如他们骑行和跑步的距离更长，参加过斯巴达比赛，训练铁人三项等，这些都表明他们比作者更有运动能力。因此，作者提到这些人是为了给自己的低期望找到合理的解释。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Then I hit mile 6, and my bdy warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left, at which pint my legs decided they were dne.(当我跑到6英里时，我的身体发出了警告。我逼着自己，直到我还剩一英里，这时我的腿觉得不行了。)”以及“Determinatin and a can-d attitude are n match fr gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slwly made my way t the finishing line.(决心和“我能行”的态度战胜不了重力和距离。我筋疲力尽，慢慢地向终点线走去。)”可知，作者拼尽全力完成比赛，直到最后一英里腿已经无法再跑下去，因此可以得知作者在比赛中竭尽全力。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“My slw, pldding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a victry that prves I gave it my all. I dn’t need a huge cup t hnr my heric perfrmance. My aching knee is enugh f a suvenir.( 我缓慢、步履艰难的完赛实际上是一场胜利，证明了我付出了我的一切。我不需要一个巨大的杯子来纪念我的英雄事迹。我疼痛的膝盖足以作为纪念。)”可知，尽管作者身体疼痛，但作者仍然认为比赛是成功的，因为他已经竭尽全力，故推断作者在比赛结束后是十分满意的。故选B。
C
A species can be termed temprarily “lst” after nt being sighted fr a decade, but researchers still hpe t find it again eventually. In 2023, that hpe led t the rediscvery f Attenbrugh’s echidna, unseen fr half a century. Inspired, Thmas Evans and his team have created a database f 856 lst and 424 rediscvered species.
The database keeps grwing faster than explrers can keep up with, despite increasingly advanced technlgies fr tracing unseen creatures reaching an expertise level. The study indicates many rediscvered species appear t fllw a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals r birds tending t live near humans and in mre-develped cuntries. Thus, Evans says if an animal is up t snuff but cntinues t be ut f researchers’ sight after lng searches, it’s prbably gne frever. On the cntrary, animals that dn’t exhibit the pattern fr easy rediscvery are very much alive ut there. “Because they are generally difficult t cme acrss and are therefre met with less explratry attentin, in mst cases, small, unattractive species are mre likely t be seemingly extinct but still alive,” Evans says.
Evans hpes such details will help cnservatinists like Christina Biggs, wh has been drawing upn a list f 25 “mst wanted” species fr Texas-based charity Re: wild since 2017. “Currenuly, Re: wild is finalizing its 2024 search lists, using the study’s results. We have t make hard decisins n where t put ur mney, and Evans’s research helps t direct us,” says Biggs.
But is it always in a lst species’ best interest t be fund? After a rediscvery, it can take mnths t secure an area frm hunters r turists. “In publicizing smething yu’ve rediscvered, yu’re publicizing a fd surce fr hunters,” says bilgist James Kemptn. Biggs ntes, hwever, rediscveries ften strengthen prtectin effrts. When a species is rediscvered, prtected areas will be made pssible. Biggs adds that fr sme hard- t-find species, researchers culd use Evans’s study t decide if a creature is likely still alive — and then draw brad prtected areas arund its general regin, where ther endangered species als live, rather than send pssibly fruitless explrers t the area t prve the animal’s existence.
Beynd the scientific gains, searching fr lst species plays a crucial rle in understanding and prtecting ur wrld. Once, the Yngsu Sapari cmmunity used Attenbrugh’s echidnas as a peace tl t settle arguments. “If brthers fught, they had t find an Attenbrugh’s echidna, a slutin that is increasingly difficult,” Biggs says. “S, everything is cnnected. Every species behaves in an ecsystem and fulfills a purpse.”
28. What des the underlined phrase “is up t snuff” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Fits the prfile. B. Adapts well.
C. Breaks the habit. D. Grws mature.
29. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Technlgy has reduced the number f missing species.
B. Publicizing rediscvery secures the future f lst species.
C. Larger animals face a higher extinctin risk than smaller nes.
D. Animals neighbring humans receive mre attentin in searches.
30. What might Christina Biggs agree with?
A. The number f echidnas will increase after its rediscvery.
B. Explratry missins matter mre than habitat preservatin.
C. Extinct species cme with bth eclgical and cultural lsses.
D. Thmas Evans has instructed Re: wild t identify the 25 species.
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员如何通过创建数据库来追踪和重新发现“失联”物种，并讨论了重新发现物种对保护工作的影响以及公众宣传的双刃剑效应。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前“The study indicates many rediscvered species appear t fllw a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals r birds tending t live near humans and in mre-develped cuntries.(研究表明，许多重新发现的物种表现出相似的趋势：它们通常是生活在人类附近的大型、吸引人的哺乳动物或鸟类，且多生活在较发达国家)”及划线词后“but cntinues t be ut f researchers’ sight after lng searches, it’s prbably gne frever.(但在长时间搜索后仍然不见踪影，那么它可能已经永远消失了)”可知，如果一个动物符合重新被发现的标准，即体型大、有吸引力、生活在人类附近或更发达的国家，但在长时间的搜寻后仍未被找到，那么它可能已经永远消失了。故划线词“is up t snuff”与A项“符合标准”意义相近。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The study indicates many rediscvered species appear t fllw a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals r birds tending t live near humans and in mre-develped cuntries. Thus, Evans says if an animal is up t snuff but cntinues t be ut f researchers’ sight after lng searches, it’s prbably gne frever. On the cntrary, animals that dn’t exhibit the pattern fr easy rediscvery are very much alive ut there. “Because they are generally difficult t cme acrss and are therefre met with less explratry attentin, in mst cases, small, unattractive species are mre likely t be seemingly extinct but still alive,” Evans says.(研究表明，许多重新发现的物种表现出相似的趋势：它们通常是生活在人类附近的大型、吸引人的哺乳动物或鸟类，且多生活在较发达国家。因此，埃文斯说，如果一种动物符合标准，但在长时间搜索后仍然不见踪影，那么它可能已经永远消失了。相反，不符合容易重新发现模式的动物很可能仍然活着。“因为它们通常难以遇见，因此得到的探索关注较少，大多数情况下，小型、不吸引人的物种看起来已经灭绝，但实际上仍然活着，”埃文斯说)”可知，人类相邻的动物由于更容易被注意到和重新发现，因此它们受到的关注更多。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beynd the scientific gains, searching fr lst species plays a crucial rle in understanding and prtecting ur wrld. Once, the Yngsu Sapari cmmunity used Attenbrugh’s echidnas as a peace tl t settle arguments. “If brthers fught, they had t find an Attenbrugh’s echidna, a slutin that is increasingly difficult,” Biggs says. “S, everything is cnnected. Every species behaves in an ecsystem and fulfills a purpse.(除了科学上的收获，寻找失联物种在理解和保护我们的世界中发挥着关键作用。曾经，Yngsu Sapari社区使用爱登堡针鼹作为一种和平工具来解决争端。“如果兄弟们争吵，他们必须找到一只爱登堡针鼹，但这种情况越来越难，”比格斯说。“所以，一切都是相互关联的。每个物种在生态系统中都有其行为和作用)”可知，比格斯会同意的观点是：灭绝的物种不仅带来生态上的损失，还有文化上的损失。故选C。
D
Over the summer, the neurscientist Christ f Kch accepted defeat n his 25-year bet with the philspher David Chalmers, a lst wager that the science f cnsciusness wuld be all wrapped up by nw. Despite decades f research, there’s little sign f shared understanding n cnsciusness, with several cmpeting theries still being debated.
In my new bk entitled Why? I take head-n the questin f why it’s s hard t make prgress n cnsciusness. The cre difficulty is that cnsciusness cannt be easily bserved. Yu can’t lk inside smene’s brain and see their feelings and experiences. Science des deal with things that can’t be bserved, such as fundamental particles (粒子), quantum wave functins (量子波函数), and maybe even ther universes. But cnsciusness pses an imprtant difference: in all f these ther cases, we therize abut things we can’t bserve in rder t explain what we can bserve. Uniquely with cnsciusness, the thing we are trying t explain cannt be publicly bserved.
Hw then can we investigate cnsciusness? I argue that we can accunt fr the evlutin f cnsciusness nly if we reject reductinism (简化论) abut it. Mst cnsciusness researchers emply a reductinist view f the universe, where physics is running the shw. Thus, insfar as there are sme future pssibilities left pen by the arrangements f particles in ur brains, they are settled by nthing mre than the randm chanciness implicit (含蓄的) in quantum mechanics.
Sme challenges have emerged lately t this reductinist mdel. The neurscientist Kevin Mitchell argues that the free will f cnscius rganisms plays a rle in determining what will happen in the brain, ver and abve what is settled by the laws f physics. Evlutin ffers ne f the strngest challenges. Natural selectin nly cares abut behavir, as it’s nly behavir that matters fr survival. Rapid prgress in AI and rbtics has made it clear, hwever, that extremely cmplex behaviur can exist in a system that entirely lacks cnscius experience. Fr any adaptive behaviur assciated with cnsciusness, there culd be a nncnscius mechanism that inspires the same behaviur. Given this, it is a deep mystery why cnsciusness evlved at all. But suppse the emergence f bilgical cnsciusness brings int existence radically new frms f behavir, ver and abve what physics alne culd prduce. Perhaps rganisms that have cnscius awareness f the wrld arund them, and thereby freely respnd based n that awareness, behave very differently than mere mechanisms. Cnsequently, they survive much better. With these assumptins, we can make sense f natural selectin’s preference fr cnscius rganisms.
As a philspher, in Why? ,I develp a radical frm — the view that cnsciusness ges right dwn t the fundamental building blcks f reality — aimed at addressing the philsphical challenges f cnsciusness, as well as prviding a framewrk fr scientists t make prgress n the scientific issues. It is a pincer mvement (钳形运动) f science and philsphy that will, ultimately, crack the mystery f cnsciusness.
31. What can we learn abut cnsciusness frm this passage?
A. Cnsciusness evlves frm behavir.
B. Scientists therize cnsciusness t bserve it.
C. Cnsciusness lacks bservable phenmena t study.
D. Quantum wave functins help explain cnsciusness.
32. As fr Kevin Mitchell’s argument, the authr is .
A. supprtive.B. disapprving.C. neutral.D. uncertain.
33. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Physicists’ researches reject reductinism.
B. Brain wrks independently f the physics principles.
C. The nature f cnsciusness requires further investigatin.
D. Natural selectin prves reductinist views f cnsciusness.
34. What is the best title f the passage?
A. A Debate ver the Nature f Cnsciusness.
B. Cnsciusness and Behavir: A Philsphical Perspective.
C. The Rle f Natural Selectin in Cnsciusness Develpment.
D. Beynd Reductinism: Explring the Evlutin f Cnsciusness.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍当前意识研究领域面临的困境、挑战和新的探索方向，提出超越简化论来解释意识进化的新方向。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The cre difficulty is that cnsciusness cannt be easily bserved. Yu can’t lk inside smene’s brain and see their feelings and experiences.（核心困难在于意识不容易被观察。你无法看到某人的大脑内部，无法看到他们的情感和体验。）”可知，意识在人脑内部，不易被观察，因此选项C“意识缺乏可观察的现象用以研究”符合题意。故选C项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The neurscientist Kevin Mitchell argues that the free will f cnscius rganisms plays a rle in determining what will happen in the brain, ver and abve what is settled by the laws f physics.（神经科学家Kevin Mitchell认为，有意识生物体的自由意志在决定大脑中将发生什么方面起着作用，这超出了物理定律所决定的范围。）”以及接下来的内容“Given this, it is a deep mystery why cnsciusness evlved at all. But suppse the emergence f bilgical cnsciusness brings int existence radically new frms f behavir, ver and abve what physics alne culd prduce.（鉴于此，意识为何会进化仍然是一个深奥的谜团。但假设生物意识出现却带来了物理定律单独作用之外的全新行为模式。）”，可以看出作者对于Kevin Mitchell的观点是支持的。因此，选项A“支持的”符合题意。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章整体内容，特别是第一段“Despite decades f research, there’s little sign f shared understanding n cnsciusness, with several cmpeting theries still being debated.（尽管经历了几十年的研究，但对意识的理解几乎没有达成共识的迹象，几个相互对立的理论仍在争论中。）”和最后一段“It is a pincer mvement (钳形运动) f science and philsphy that will, ultimately, crack the mystery f cnsciusness.（科学和哲学的钳形运动，最终将揭开意识的神秘面纱。）”可知，从文中可推断出的是选项C的“意识的本质需进一步研究”。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第四段“Hw then can we investigate cnsciusness? I argue that we can accunt fr the evlutin f cnsciusness nly if we reject reductinism (简化论) abut it. （那么我们如何研究意识呢？我认为，只有当我们拒绝关于意识的简化论时，我们才能解释意识的进化。）”可知，文章主要讨论了关于意识的研究和进化，特别是反对简化论的观点，并提出了一个关于意识进化的新框架。因此，最合适本文的标题应是选项D的“超越简化论：探索意识的进化”。故选D项。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cnsidering they are the wrld’s mst numerus areas f water, it is surprising that pnds are prly understd. There are millins — pssibly billins — f them. ____35____
This neglect might nt have mattered if it were nt fr increasing evidence that pnds are extremely imprtant habitats fr wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive cmmunities with varied rare and endangered species. Acrss many landscapes, they are being shwn t supprt far greater variatin f species than rivers and streams. ____36____ It allws them t have a wider range f cnditins cmpared with rivers and streams where flwing water tends t hmgenise (同质化) water chemistry.
S why have we failed t ntice such a vital part f the natural wrld? A key reasn appears t be what freshwater scientist Jhn Dwning has called “a saliency errr”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if smething is small, it can’t be all that imprtant. ____37____ We dn’t realise that these waters have a deeply ancient rigin and have existed n Earth as lng as there has been land and water.
These misunderstandings within freshwater science have had a big impact n ur ability t prtect their wildlife. In Eurpe, fr example, the Water Framewrk Directive mstly excludes any bdies f water smaller than 50 hectares.
____38____ Last year, the Ramsar Cnventin, an internatinal agreement, intrduced a reslutin n small wetlands, including pnds, giving crucial recgnitin t them. And the Eurpean Unin-funded PONDERFUL prject is gathering data n Eurpe’s pnds. Hwever, there remains much t d. As the effects f climate change deepen, plants and animals will increasingly need t mve acrss the landscape t survive. ____39____ They are easy t make and they clnize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt ver shrt timescales.
A. Viewpints are changing, frtunately, t the benefit f pnds.
B. This bidiversity seems t be partly due t the small size f pnds.
C. A study shws they make up much f the glbal water envirnment.
D. Yet fr a century r s, scientists have paid them very little attentin.
E. We can create pnds in cnsiderable numbers as ne f the few habitats.
F. There is increasing evidence f the imprtance f pnds fr bidiversity.
G. Mst f us als devalued pnds because we regard them as artificial habitats.
【答案】35. D 36. B 37. G 38. A 39. E
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了池塘在生物多样性中的重要性及其长期以来被忽视的原因。
【35题详解】
上文“Cnsidering they are the wrld’s mst numerus areas f water, it is surprising that pnds are prly understd. There are millins — pssibly billins — f them.(考虑到池塘是世界上数量最多的水域，令人惊讶的是，人们对池塘知之甚少。池塘有数百万甚至数十亿个)”讲述了池塘的数量非常多，但人们对它们了解不多，下文“This neglect might nt have mattered if it were nt fr increasing evidence that pnds are extremely imprtant habitats fr wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive cmmunities with varied rare and endangered species.(如果不是因为越来越多的证据表明池塘是极其重要的野生动物栖息地，这种忽视可能无关紧要)”表明科学家经常忽视池塘的重要性，D项“然而，大约一个世纪以来，科学家们很少关注它们。”承上启下，paid them very little attentin与下文This neglect相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。
【36题详解】
上文“Acrss many landscapes, they are being shwn t supprt far greater variatin f species than rivers and streams.(在许多景观中，它们被证明支持的物种变异远大于河流和溪流)”表明池塘对生物多样性的重要性，下文“It allws them t have a wider range f cnditins cmpared with rivers and streams where flwing water tends t hmgenise water chemistry.(这使得它们能够拥有比河流和溪流更广泛的变化条件，因为在河流和溪流中，流动的水往往会使得水质化学变得同质化)”解释了池塘能够支持多样性的原因。B项“这种生物多样性部分归因于池塘的小尺寸。”说明了池塘的小尺寸是其生物多样性的一个重要原因，承上启下，下文的It指代the small size f pnds，符合语境。故选B项。
【37题详解】
上文“S why have we failed t ntice such a vital part f the natural wrld? A key reasn appears t be what freshwater scientist Jhn Dwning has called “a saliency errr”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if smething is small, it can’t be all that imprtant.(那么，为什么我们未能注意到自然世界如此重要的一部分呢？一个关键原因似乎是淡水科学家约翰·唐宁所说的“显著性错误”：人类自然地假设，如果某物很小，就不会那么重要)”讲述了人们忽视池塘的原因，下文“We dn’t realise that these waters have a deeply ancient rigin and have existed n Earth as lng as there has been land and water.(我们没有意识到这些水域有着悠久的历史，自地球上有了陆地和水以来就一直存在)”进一步解释了人们对池塘的误解，G项“我们大多数人也因为认为池塘是人工栖息地而低估了它们的价值。”提到了人们低估池塘价值的另一个原因，与上文是并列关系，且引出下文，符合语境。故选G项。
【38题详解】
下文“Last year, the Ramsar Cnventin, an internatinal agreement, intrduced a reslutin n small wetlands, including pnds, giving crucial recgnitin t them. And the Eurpean Unin-funded PONDERFUL prject is gathering data n Eurpe’s pnds.(去年，国际湿地公约引入了一项关于小湿地(包括池塘)的决议，给予它们至关重要的认可。欧盟资助的PONDERFUL项目正在收集有关欧洲池塘的数据)”讲述了国际上对池塘的认识和支持，A项“幸运的是，人们的观点正在向对池塘有益的方向改变。”概述人们对池塘的看法正在改变，下文是具体的措施，符合语境。故选A项。
【39题详解】
上文“Hwever, there remains much t d. As the effects f climate change deepen, plants and animals will increasingly need t mve acrss the landscape t survive.(然而，还有很多工作要做。随着气候变化的影响加深，植物和动物将越来越需要在景观中移动以生存)”表明建造池塘的必要性，下文“They are easy t make and they clnize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt ver shrt timescales.(池塘很容易建造，且迅速被生物占据，这可以帮助淡水物种在短时间内适应)”讲述了池塘在应对气候变化中的作用。E项“我们可以建造大量的池塘，作为为数不多的栖息地之一。”说明了池塘作为一种栖息地的潜力，承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
We all lve t criticize, but unfrtunately, we als hate being criticized. We freely pst and cmment n thers, but feel annyed at the way thers assess us, bth nline and in persn. The wrld seems unlikely t change anytime sn. Frtunately, thugh, each f us can change hw we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback — even when it is negative.
Criticism is defined as judgment f the merits (优点) and faults f smething r smene in written r spken frm. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what cncerns us here. What annys us is criticism f the negative variety, even when well-intentined — s-called cnstructive criticism, which means t prvide guidance s we can imprve. Wrst f all is destructive criticism, which aims t cause hurt r damage.
The culture f criticism isn’t ging away. The nly way t flurish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is t adpt new habits f getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is t assume that criticism, even when it seems persnal, is nt actually abut yu persnally. When we receive criticism, we make it persnal in tw ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Secnd, we tend t cnsider the criticism a judgment n ur natural abilities, rather than n ur perfrmance. Interestingly, even amng yung children, research shws that viewing criticism as a judgment n ne’s abilities can lead t lwer self-wrth, lwer psitive md, and less persistence at tasks.
If taking criticism is particularly hard fr yu, yu are nt alne. Hwever, taking criticism badly is mre embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we d the wrk t learn t accept negative feedback, we will be much better ff.
40. What will be the results f changing the way we give and take criticism?
_______________________________________________________________________________
41. What is the difference between cnstructive and destructive criticism?
_______________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Children wh receive criticism have lwer self-wrth because they take criticism as a judgment n their perfrmance.
_______________________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) wuld yu gain frm learning t accept negative feedback? (In abut 40 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. We will be less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback— even when it is negative.
41. Cnstructive criticism means t prvide guidance s we can imprve, while destructive criticism aims t cause hurt r damage.
42. Children wh receive criticism have lwer self-wrth because they take criticism as a judgment n their perfrmance.
They take criticism as a judgment n their abilities.
43. Learning t accept negative feedback can help us resist anger mre easily and criticize mre crrectly. In additin, accepting negative feedback can help us put ur shrtcmings in perspective, crrect ur mistakes and imprve urselves.
【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，说明了批评对我们的影响及我们应如何正确地对待批评。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Frtunately, thugh, each f us can change hw we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback— even when it is negative.(幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变我们给予和接受批评的方式，这将使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈)”可知，改变我们给予和接受批评的方式会使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈。故答案为We will be less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback — even when it is negative.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“What annys us is criticism f the negative variety, even when well-intentined — s-called cnstructive criticism, which means t prvide guidance s we can imprve. Wrst f all is destructive criticism, which aims t cause hurt r damage.(让我们烦恼的是负面的批评，即使是善意的所谓建设性的批评，也意味着提供指导，让我们提高。最糟糕的是破坏性的批评，它的目的是造成伤害或破坏)”可知，建设性的批评是指提供指导，使我们能够改进，而破坏性的批评旨在造成伤害或损害。故答案为Cnstructive criticism means t prvide guidance s we can imprve, while destructive criticism aims t cause hurt r damage.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“Secnd, we tend t cnsider the criticism a judgment n ur natural abilities, rather than n ur perfrmance. Interestingly, even amng yung children, research shws that viewing criticism as a judgment n ne’s abilities can lead t lwer self-wrth, lwer psitive md, and less persistence at tasks.(第二，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们天生能力的判断，而不是对我们的表现的判断。有趣的是，研究表明，即使是在年幼的孩子中，将批评视为对一个人能力的判断，也会导致自我价值降低、积极情绪降低、任务坚持度降低)”可推知，接受批评的孩子自我价值较低，因为他们把批评当成对自己能力的评判，而不是表现得判断。故答案为Children wh receive criticism have lwer self-wrth because they take criticism as a judgment n their perfrmance./They take criticism as a judgment n their abilities.
【43题详解】
开放性试题。根据文章最后一段“If we d the wrk t learn t accept negative feedback, we will be much better ff.(如果我们努力学习接受负面反馈，我们就会变得更好)”可知，学习接受负面反馈能帮助我们更容易抵制愤怒，同时更正确地进行批评。此外，接受负面反馈还能帮助我们正确地看待自己的不足，纠正错误并提高自己。故答案为Learning t accept negative feedback can help us resist anger mre easily and criticize mre crrectly. In additin, accepting negative feedback can help us put ur shrtcmings in perspective, crrect ur mistakes and imprve urselves.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim在社交媒体上看到了含有流行语“Beijing, city r nt city, ah?”的短视频。这些短视频生动展现了北京的独特活力。Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 介绍北京的活力；
2. 简要说明理由。
注意：1. 词数100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词: 有活力的 vibrant
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Jim,
I’ve als nticed that vides using the catchphrase “Beijing, city r nt city, ah?” have gne viral n scial media, and I’d like t share mre abut hw vibrant Beijing is.
I think Nanluguxiang perfectly embdies the vitality f Beijing. As yu strll thrugh its narrw alleys, yu’ll be greeted by a wide variety f cafés, bkstres, bars and butique shps, each prviding its wn lively atmsphere. The buzz f cnversatin, the smell f freshly brewed cffee, and the laughter frm peple enjying their time ut make Nanluguxiang a ppular destinatin fr bth lcals and visitrs.
This hutng is nt just a place t shp r dine, it’s a vibrant cmmunity where peple immerse themselves in the rich cultural heritage f Beijing.
Cme experience it!
Yurs,
Li Hua
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