2025届高三英语高考复习专题构词法 派生词 课件
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这是一份2025届高三英语高考复习专题构词法 派生词 课件,共33页。PPT课件主要包含了典题在线,语法精讲,巩固提升,Ⅰ单句语法填空,marriage,exposure,beautiful,curiosity,gently,accuracy等内容,欢迎下载使用。
1.In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their __________ (marry) ceremny in 1842.
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意:1844年,他们以1 200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年主持了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;提示词marry意为“结婚” ,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremny意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
2It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the _____________ (develp) f the lcal areas.
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词develpment来作动词benefits的宾语。故填develpment。
3.Many peple in China have limited __________ (expse) t English, which makes it extra hard t learn and practice it.
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意:许多中国人对英语的接触有限,这使得学习和练习英语变得格外困难。根据空格前的形容词limited可知,此处填入名词expsure。故填expsure。
4.With ur study, we think we can nw ____________ (cnfident) cnclude that at least sme dgs can distinguish human facial expressins.
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意:通过我们的研究,我们认为我们现在可以自信地得出结论,至少有些狗可以辨别人类的面部表情。空格处应填副词来修饰动词cnclude,故填cnfidently 。
5.Chinese New Year is a ____________ (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意:中国新年是一个标志着冬季结束和春季开始的庆祝活动。根据句子结构可知,设空处被前面的冠词a限定,作表语,需要用所给词的名词形式。故填celebratin。
6.Branches f Plum Blssms (梅花): The __________ (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins.
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意:梅花枝:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,这是极好的装饰。根据句子结构可知,设空处与lng一起修饰后面的名词“branches”,需用所给词的形容词形式。故填beautiful。
7.Filled with __________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意:心中充满了好奇,这位画家收拾好行囊就出发了。设空处充当with的宾语,所以要用所给词的名词形式。故填curisity。
8.As the small bat mved ________ (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.
[解析] 考查词性转换。句意:当小船顺着江轻轻移动时,群山在水中的无声的倒影使他说不出话来。设空处单词修饰As引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词mved,所以要用其副词形式。故填gently。
9. Histrical __________ (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.
[解析] 考查词性转换。根据语境和设空处前的修饰词Histrical可知,此处应用名词accuracy作主语。
10.It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been ________ (pr) studied.
[解析] 考查词性转换。此处修饰过去分词studied,因此应用副词形式,故答案为prly。
11.Her years f hard wrk have ________ (final) been acknwledged after a custmer nminated (提名) her t be Cheshire’s Wman Of The Year.
[解析] 考查词性转换。本空修饰动词,故应用副词finally。
12.“... We are s prud f her. It’s ___________ (wnder).”
[解析] 考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知,本空在系动词is后作表语,故应用形容词wnderful。
1.In my pinin, when in truble, we shuld seek help frm thse we trust mstly.
______________
mstly→mst
[解析] mstly“主要地”;mst“最”。由句意可知应用mst。
2. Tday I tried cking a simply dish myself.
________________
simply→simple
[解析] 句意:今天我尝试亲自做一道简单的菜。形容词作定语修饰名词dish, simple简单的。
3.I’m surely yu’ll have a gd time.
_____________
surely→sure
[解析] 句意:我确信你会玩得很开心。此处I’m sure (that)+从句是固定句式,故将surely改为sure。
4.I became interesting in playing ftball thanks t a small accident.
______________________
interesting→ interested
[解析] interesting“有趣的”;interested“感兴趣的”。becme interested in“对……感兴趣”。
5.First, I wanted t be a fireman, whse unifrm lked s clly.
[解析] 本句中lked意为“看起来”,为系动词,故应用形容词cl作表语。
clly→cl
6.One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick persn culd feel much better after seeing a dctr.
__________________
amazing→amazed
[解析] be amazed at意为“对……感到惊奇”。
7.What I want is nt just an rdinarily cafe but a very special ne.
____________________
rdinarily→rdinary
[解析] cafe为名词,故此处应用形容词修饰,故把rdinarily改为rdinary。
考点1 名词与其他词类的词形转化
1.动词变名词的后缀(1)-al表示人、物、行为(特殊:去e+-al)apprve赞成→apprval赞成survive幸存→survival幸存arrive到达→arrival 到达refuse拒绝→refusal拒绝prpse提议→prpsal提议;建议(2)-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为appear出现→appearance出现;外貌
perfrm表演→perfrmance表演exist存在→existence存在prefer较喜欢→preference偏爱refer参考;查阅→reference参考;查阅depend依靠→dependence依赖;依靠*guide指引→guidance引导;指导(3)-in/-tin/-atin表示状态或行为direct指挥;指导→directin方向;指导expect期待→expectatin期待;期望*explain解释→explanatin解释invite邀请→invitatin邀请;请柬
slve解决→slutin解决cmpete竞争→cmpetitin比赛;竞争prnunce发音→prnunciatin发音describe描述→descriptin描写repeat重复→repetitin重复(4)-s(s)in表示行为或状态discuss讨论→discussin讨论admit承认→admissin承认;准许加入*decide决定→decisin决定(5)-ing具有……(特征)的hear听→hearing听力;听觉
listen听→listening听;听力*begin开始→beginning开始部分(6)-ment表示行为、结果等achieve达到;完成→achievement成就develp发展→develpment 发展*argue争论→argument争论;论据(7)-ure/-ture表示行为或状态fail失败→failure失败press压;挤→pressure压力mix混合→mixture混合物*expse暴露→expsure 面临;暴露
(8)-y表示……的动作(或过程)recver恢复→recvery恢复;痊愈discver发现→discvery发现*其他常见变化:chse选择→chice选择vary相异→variety多样化;品种tend倾向→tendency趋向;趋势grw生长→grwth生长marry结婚→marriage婚姻carry搬→carriage客车厢;运输pack收拾(行李)→package包;盒
pst邮寄→pstage邮资;邮费stre贮存→strage贮存respnd 回应→respnse响应
2.形容词变名词的后缀(1)-age表示性质、状态shrt短的→shrtage不足;短缺(2)-cy表示性质、状态fluent流利的→fluency流利;流畅accurate准确的→accuracy准确(性)private私有的→privacy隐私efficient效率高的→efficiency效率
(3)-dm表示地位、状况等free自由的→freedm自由wise明智的→wisdm智慧(4)-ness表示性质、状态dark黑的→darkness黑暗weak虚弱的→weakness虚弱kind友好的→kindness善良cld寒冷的→cldness冷淡;冷漠aware知道的;意识到的→awareness知道;意识(5)-th表示结果、过程、性质、状态warm温暖的→warmth温暖
true真的→truth真相*deep深的→depth深(度)strng强壮的→strength力量lng长的→length长度wide宽的→width宽度(6)-y/-ity表示性质或状态difficult困难的→difficulty困难hnest诚实的→hnesty诚实*safe安全的→safety安全cruel残忍的→cruelty残忍respnsible负责的→respnsibility责任
(7)-ent变为-ence,-ant变为-ancedifferent不同的→difference不同(之处)silent沉默的;不说话的→silence寂静patient有耐心的→patience耐心absent缺席的→absence缺席present出席的→presence出席cnfident自信的→cnfidence信心cnvenient方便的→cnvenience便利imprtant重要的→imprtance重要(性)
考点2 形容词、副词后缀
1.名词或动词转化为形容词的规律
2.区分-ed 形容词与-ing 形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点:第一,看语境表示的是“令人……的”(-ing),还是“感到……的”(-ed);第二,看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing),还是感受(-ed)。具体如下:(1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰事物,表示事物的性质或特征,常意为“令人……的”;修饰人时,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。The stry is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。(故事本身有趣)The man is very interesting.这个人很有趣。(人本身或人的性格有趣)
(2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受,常意为“感到……的”,强调人自身的情感波动;修饰事物时,则多修饰smile(微笑)、feeling(感觉)、appearance(外貌)、cry(哭)、face(面部表情)、vice(声音)、md(情绪)、lk(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。He had a pleased smile n his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(a pleased smile意为“满意的微笑”,指某人因感到满意而露出的微笑)He tld me the news in a very excited vice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。(a very excited vice意为“很激动的声音”,指某人因感到激动而发出的声音)
3.形容词转化为副词的规律
1.This gives the paintings deeper __________ (mean) and mre elegance.
2.The girl then plants a kiss n the grass in a heart-warming shw f __________ (affect).
3.My ____________ (apply) was successful and I spent an enjyable mnth learning film-making.
4.Grassland is destryed withut mercy s that dust strms cme int being affecting ________ (distance) cities.
5.I really needed snw, because it was gd fr my __________ (recver).
6.I was suppsed t arrive at the airprt n time. ______________ (frtunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.
Unfrtunately
7.Peple certainly have a variety f reasns fr ging back t schl but ne imprtant thing t knw is, n knwledge is _________ (use).
8.There are s many different labels n fd nwadays. They are nt nly ___________ (cnfuse) but als misleading.
9.The ld peple there were talkative and they tld us their __________ (persn) stries cheerfully.
10.After sme time, when bth f yu have renewed yur ____________ (cnfident) in each ther, g back t the time when yu nearly fell apart.
1.Disappinting as I felt at the shabby campus and the prly-equipped classrm, I fund the teachers patient.
___________________________
Disappinting→Disappinted
2.Similar, peple prefer mvies that reflect their md.
Similar→Similarly
3.She is determined t carry n with her educate.
___________________
educate→educatin
4.I have read lts f inspired stries f kindness.
inspired→inspiring
5.In rder t make myself understd, I tld him hw t g there as clear as pssible.
clear→clearly
6.First, we must be friendly and kindly.
kindly→kind
7.I’m lking frward t yur kind reply at yur earliest cnvenient.
________________________
cnvenient→cnvenience
8.Even clsest friends have quarrels, s dn’t take it t serius.
serius→seriusly
9.In a danger part f the sea ff the cast f New Zealand, they learnt t lk fr a dlphin.
danger→dangerus
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