2025年中考英语一轮复习讲义第04讲 阅读理解之记叙文（2份，原卷版+解析版）

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【复习目标】
1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
2.明确命题规律和提问方式
3.掌握不同题型的解题方法
【考情分析】
阅读理解记叙文命题规律
人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。
1、人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。
2、短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
【名师解难】
中考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。记叙文是中考必考题型，在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。
1、记叙文写作特点
记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。
就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓“一篇之妙，在于落句”。
2、记叙文命题特点
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
【网络构建】
中考英语中的记叙文，往往采用明暗双线的写作手法。命题点往往会在双线的起承转合点设定。
一 记叙文答题技巧
一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。
（1）顺藤摸瓜。
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, wh, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
（2）左顾右盼。
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
（3）刨根问底。
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred frm …?”或是What des the authr imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
（4）拨云见日。
每年的中考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
这时，你不仅需要“左顾右盼”，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。
二 细节理解和推理判断答题技巧
一、细节理解题
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
解题原则：对原文中能直接排除的进行筛选，不能直接找到的多处相关信息进行整合转换。
二、推理判断
推理判断题是中考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
预计2024年中考推理判断题占比5-7题左右。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。
错误原因：
1. 主观臆断
2. 缺乏逻辑
3. 过度推理
4. 缺乏常识
隐含推断类题型
锁定关键词：
根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型
解题指导：
浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项
抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；
整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。
观点态度类题型
锁定关键词：
根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），utstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hpefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favr f（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。
解题指导：
认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向
关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点
注意作者或文中人物的措辞
分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；
牢记观点态度的常见词语
写作意图类题型
锁定关键词：
根据题干关键词purpse（目的），intend t（打算），want t tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage t（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。
解题指导：
根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；
根据文体推断写作意图
记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（t tell a stry, t entertain readers, t share an experience...）
三 词义猜测和主旨大意答题技巧
词义猜测
题型和考查角度：
1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
解题技巧 ：
1.定位文中画线处上下文。
2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
选项特征 ：
一、猜测划线单词意思
根据定义推测词义：
有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, r, namely, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put it anther way, which is等。
根据举例推测词义：
有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。
根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：
表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead, similarly, n the cntrary, in cntrast t等。
根据同义词或并列结构推测词义：
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。
根据构词法推测词义：
英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。
根据因果关系推测词义：
因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, fr , s, therefre, due t, result in, as a result, fr this reasn, , 等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
二、猜测划线代词意思
定关键：返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构。
找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。
再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。
一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事；
it/he/them/they/ne/thse指代上文提到的人或事。
主旨大意题型
题型和考查角度：
1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)
2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。
要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
选项特征：
命题方式：
What is the text mainly abut?
What is the best title fr the text?
What can be a suitable title fr the text?
What's the mainly abut?
What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/.. paragraph?
记叙文：纯记叙文通常没有主题句,需要读者自己领悟,从中归纳提炼;但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论,主旨也就在此;还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历,主旨就在文首。
根据位置确定主题句:
主题句在文首
文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。作者在首段常常亮出观点、表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句,所以要认真阅读文章首句。
主题句在文末
有的主题句放在文章的末尾,先摆出事实细节，最后总结, 从而形成强有力的结论, 要求考生耐心地读完全文。
有时主题句首尾呼应，开篇先提出主题，结尾再次升华主题。
中考记叙文常考标题归纳题型
最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：
① 概括--准确而又简短;
② 针对性--标题外延正好与文章内容相符;
③ 题目--能引发读者的阅读欲望。
三大方法：
① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；
③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
（一）
（2023·浙江·模拟预测）
There was a stry many years ag f a schl teacher—Mrs. Thmpsn. She tld the children n the first day that she lved them all the same. But that was a lie. There in the frnt rw was a little by named Teddy Stddard. He didn’t play well with the ther children and he always needed a bath. She did nt like him.
Then Mrs. Thmpsn gt t knw that Teddy was actually a very gd by befre the death f his mther. Mrs. Thmpsn was ashamed f herself. She felt even wrse when, like all her ther students, Teddy brught her a Christmas present, t. It was his mther’s perfume.
Teddy said, “Mrs. Thmpsn, tday yu smell just like my Mm used t.” After the children left, she cried fr at least an hur. On that very day, she stpped teaching reading, writing and math. Instead, she began t teach children.
Mrs. Thmpsn paid particular attentin t Teddy. The by’s mind seemed t cme alive. The mre she encuraged him, the faster he imprved. By the end f the sixth grade, Teddy had becme ne f the smartest children in the class.
Six years went by befre she gt a nte frm Teddy. He wrte that he had finished high schl, third in his class, and she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whle life. He went t cllege. Mrs. Thmpsn gt tw mre letters frm him with the last ne signed, Thedre F. Stddard, M. D．(医学博士).
The stry desn’t end there. On his wedding day, Dr. Stddard whispered in Mrs. Thmpsn’s ear, “Thank yu, Mrs. Thmpsn, fr believing in me. Yu made me feel imprtant and shwed me that I culd make a difference.”
Mrs. Thmpsn, with tears in her eyes, whispered back, “Teddy, yu have it all wrng. Yu were the ne wh taught me that I culd make a difference. I didn’t knw hw t teach until I met yu.”
1．What did Mrs. Thmpsn d n the first day f schl?
A．She made Teddy feel ashamed.
B．She tld the class smething untrue abut herself.
C．She changed Teddy’s seat t the frnt rw.
D．She asked the children t play with Teddy.
2．What did Mrs. Thmpsn find ut abut Teddy?
A．He ften tld lies.B．He was gd at math.
C．He needed mtherly care.D．He enjyed playing with thers.
3．Why did Mrs. Thmpsn feel even wrse?
A．Because her students didn’t like her.
B．Because Teddy brught her his mther’s perfume as Christmas present.
C．Because she was very ill.
D．Because she culdn’t d well in her teaching.
4．In what way did Mrs. Thmpsn change?
A．She taught fewer schl subjects.
B．She became stricter with her students.
C．She n lnger liked her jb as a teacher.
D．She cared mre abut educating students.
5．Why did Teddy thank Mrs. Thmpsn at his wedding?
A．She had kept in tuch with him.
B．She had given him encuragement.
C．She had sent him Christmas presents.
D．She had taught him hw t judge peple.
（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中学校考模拟预测）
Lve, jy and the warm feeling f getting tgether dn’t cst a thing. But gifts d cst mney. S what shuld a pr family d?
When I was 10, I tld my mther that the nly thing I wanted fr the New Year was a pg stick(弹簧单高跷). Hwever, my mther said it was s expensive that we culdn’t affrd ne.
On a Saturday befre New Year, my family went shpping tgether. While my mther and I were picking ut the gifts, my dad said, “I’ll be back sn-I need t see smething in the tl area.” A mment later, he came back with a lng bx. I remembered wndering if there was a pg stick in it.
When we arrived hme, my dad put the bx in the garage. While my parents were busy with their chres, I quietly walked ut t the garage and fund the bx. I was s excited and I knew as sn as I pened that magical bx, my bright, shiny pg stick wuld appear. N such luck! Inside the bx was a silly ld brm(扫帚).
That New Year mrning, I gt sme gifts like a tiger ty and a saving pt, but I didn’t get the present that I really wanted. Hw upset I felt at that mment thugh I didn’t want my parents t see!
After cleaning up the rm, my dad went t the garage. When he came back, he was carrying a beautiful pg stick. I culdn’t believe it! My parents prbably gt quite a laugh frm the trick they played n me.
Althugh we didn’t have much mney, my parents gave me the mst imprtant gift f all: lts f lve. That was ver 60 years ag and I still think abut thse wnderful memries. They were full f my childhd. I will never frget all the jy my parents brught int my life.
6．What did the writer see in the lng bx when he pened it?
A．Pg stick.B．An ld brm.C．A tiger ty.D．A saving pt.
7．Hw did the writer feel at the time he received the beautiful pg stick?
A．Excited.B．Upset.C．Unbelievable.D．Scared.
8．What des the underlined wrd “They” refer t accrding t the passage?
A．The writer’s parents.B．The pg sticks.
C．Sme nice gifts.D．The wnderful memries.
9．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．The writer can always get what he wants frm his parents.
B．His parents gave the writer enugh lve althugh he was brn in pr.
C．The writer is abut 60 years ld nw.
D．The writer felt disappinted with his parents.
10．What des the writer want t tell us frm the passage?
A．Parents shuld satisfy all their children’s needs.
B．Kids shuldn’t ask parents fr any gifts.
C．It’s gd t play sme tricks n each ther smetimes.
D．The mst expensive gift may nt cst much mney but full f lve.
（2023·陕西西安·西安市铁一中学校考模拟预测）
Jiang Danni is a 24-year-ld vlunteer frm East China. She has vlunteered in schls in Lebann and cuntries in Africa. And her vides abut her experience have caught many peple’s attentin.
After graduating frm university in 2020, Danni chse t wrk in Africa fr a year and then tk a trip t seven cuntries. A primary schl in Uganda stpped her. She had a peaceful time getting t knw the children at the schl. She taught children in Grades One t Fur. Danni set up different kinds f classes fr her students, including Chinese language learning, and crafts(手工艺). Danni als tried t care fr the students. While staying at a schl in Tanzania, she usually went t the twn which was far away frm schl t buy delicius fd fr the kids.
In 2022, Danni arrived in Lebann in Asia and became a vlunteer teacher at a schl. This time she taught arts and crafts t her students. She included sme interesting activities in her teaching such as paper cutting and the making f paper ice cream in class. Her students all wrked hard and enjyed the creative activities.
▲ Everytime Danni arrived at the schl, they wuld run t give her a hug r small gifts such as candy. And after schl, they wuld invited her t their hmes.
“I enjyed spending beautiful mments with them. Their smiling faces gave me energy and encuraged me t find meaning in vlunteer wrk in different places,” Danni said. She has decided t further develp her dream t help thers as a lifetime career(终身事业).
11．Where did Danni d vlunteer wrk at first?
A．In Africa.
B．In America.
C．In Asia.
D．In Eurpe.
12．What did Danni teach in the schl in Lebann?
①Chinese. ②Cking. ③Crafts. ④Arts.
A．①②
B．②③
C．①④
D．③④
13．Which f the fllwing can be put in ▲ ?
A．Danni enjyed helping thers.
B．The children there were pr but happy.
C．Danni gt n really well with the children.
D．The smiles n the children’s faces mved Danni.
（2023·吉林长春·校联考模拟预测）
Life has a way f shaping us. Life can make yu dubt yur purpse. These are thughts that I have had in my mind fr many years. Petry (诗) prepares me fr my purpse. My purpse is petry.
In my jurney twards purpse, petry is my safety net. I started writing pems at the age f 5. By 13, I had written quite a lt f pems. Petry was my escape (解脱) frm being bullied (欺凌) by my classmates. They bullied me because f the way I lked. This bullying gave me lw cnfidence. Petry was my way t be seen, be heard and be knwn.
At each imprtant mment in my life, I wrte petry. In difficult times, I wrte petry. It helped me get away frm the pain. Hwever, writing petry culdn’t supprt me. S I turned t teaching instead.
While living in China, my jb was an English teacher. The tw Chinese teachers I wrked with gave me advice n hw t teach the students English. The students’ needs f studying decided what I needed t d in the classrm. With challenging situatins like this, I cntinued writing petry. I wrte dwn my feelings. I accepted a new me, I learned t think psitively (积极地). My relatinship with petry grew ver time. Petry stayed in my spirit deeply.
There is nthing stpping yu. The nly persn standing in yur way is yurself. Yu have the pwer. Keep ging. Keep believing. Remember that yur hard wrk is nt in vain. G fr it! Yur purpse is waiting fr yu!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
14．When did the writer start writing pems?
A．At the age f 5.B．At the age f 13.
C．When she was bullied by her classmate.D．When she was in China.
15．Why did the writer say petry is her safety net?
A．Because it was a way fr her t make friends.
B．Because it made her ppular arund her classmate.
C．Because it gave her a sense f achievement.
D．Because it helped her get away frm the pain.
16．Which is the right rder f the fllwing things?
①The writer started writing pems.
②The writer wrked in China as an English teacher.
③The writer’s relatinship with petry grew ver time.
④The writer was bullied and she wrte lts f pems t escape.
A．①③②④B．②④③①C．①④②③D．②①③④
17．What des the underlined wrd “in vain” mean?
A．imprtantB．necessaryC．helplessD．successful
18．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Failure is the mther f success.
B．A strng will can help us achieve ur purpse.
C．Wrk hard t dig up the depths f yur spirit.
D．Be brave and say n if being treated unfairly.
（2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测）
What can yu achieve in five days? Learn a dance? Read a bk? Or g n a rad trip? What abut winning fur gld medals? Yu may think it is impssible, but a teenage girl has dne just that!
Last Octber, at the 2022 ISSF Wrld Champinships in Cair, Egypt, Pang Yuqian wn fur gld medals in the 50-meter rifle (步枪) events in five days. It was her first internatinal cmpetitin, but Pang, an 18-year-ld high schl student frm Sichuan, made quite a debut (首次亮相).
It is widely knwn that a lt f things are required f a player in shting sprts, and ne f them is cncentratin. “She is little, thin and quiet, but she will put all her attentin n the rifle as lng as she hlds it in her hands.” Pang’s cach said. What’s mre, she is strict with herself and ften asks her cach fr advice even thugh she is a natural fr the sprt. Befre winning the fur medals, she practiced really hard. Nw, thanks t years f training, Pang is already a wrld-class shter.
After winning the fur gld medals, Pang kept telling her parents t keep a lw prfile (保持低调) and asked them nt t pst anything abut her r her achievements n WeChat Mments, but her mm didn’t listen. She shared the stry f her daughter nline anyway, but wh can blame (责怪) her? After all, nt everyne can achieve in a lifetime what Pang has already achieved as a teenager.
Pang sht fr the mn and gt it. What a great rle mdel t us! Cme n, everyne, let’s make big plans and dream big dreams. Even if we miss the mn, we’ll still land amng the stars!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
19．What des the writer think f winning fur gld medals in five days?
A．Nrmal.B．Unbelievable.C．Easy.D．Interesting.
20．Which is the right rder f the fllwing facts?
①Pang practiced hard befre the cmpetitin.
②Pang wn fur gld medals in the 50-meter rifle events.
③Pang tld her parents nt t pst anything abut her n the Internet.
④Pang’s mm shared Pang’s achievements nline.
A．②①③④B．①②③④C．①②④③D．②①④③
21．What des the underlined wrd “cncentratin” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?
A．毅力B．坚持C．专注D．活力
22．Why did Pang’s mm want t share Pang’s stry with thers?
A．Because she wanted t shw ff.
B．Because she was prud f her daughter and wanted t share her happiness.
C．Because she wanted her daughter t becme better.
D．Because she wanted thers t praise her daughter.
23．Which is the best title f the passage?
A．An Imprtant Shting Experience.B．Fur Gld Medals.
C．A Debut in an Internatinal Cmpetitin.D．She Sht the Mn.
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中学校联考模拟预测）
Life is like a jurney. Nne f us can predict the destinatin (终点) f this jurney. During this jurney, we will enjy beautiful scenery and encunter bad weather with thunderstrms. Peple have different experiences, but in this jurney, we all have t face all kinds f situatins. N matter what we experience, we shuld have a dream and hld it until the end f ur jurney.
We can’t set ur gals t high, which will nly make us have n time t enjy urselves alng the way. Every day, we have t mve frward in a hurry, just like climbing cuntless muntains. When we climb a muntain, there are many higher muntains waiting fr us t climb. That way, we are likely t give up ur dreams, because it seems impssible fr us t reach the peak. We shuld start frm wn reality and enjy the beauty f life. We shuld nt nly live fr ur gals, but als live fr urselves.
Learn t lve. During the jurney f life, we are nt alne. There are many peple with us, family, friends, teachers and s n. They give us lve and care and we shuld lve and respect them, including strangers. Be nice t thers, and the wrld will be nice t us.
Treat the jurney f life calmly and patiently, wait fr the flwers t blm and fall, and enjy the cluds. The beauty f peace f mind is even mre fascinating. A calm heart is like a clear blue sky withut dark cluds, like a pl f clear water withut any pllutin, and like the light n green leaves, giving us hpe and curage.
All in all, we shuld cherish everyne, everything and every scenery we see. Life is t shrt. Be kind t yurself, live in the present and let life shw its beauty, because we nly have ne life. Please feel the scenery alng the way with yur heart!
24．Accrding t paragraph 1, what can yu infer?
A．Everyne can knw what the end f their life is like.
B．Either bad things r gd things, yu will experience in yur life.
C．Yu may stick t yur dream till yu die.
D．Thunderstrms here refers t gd situatins.
25．Why can’t we set ur gal t high?
A．Bccause high gals are t easy.
B．Because high gals are hard t set.
C．Because high gals make us climb cuntless muntains.
D．Because high gals are s difficult t achieve that we wuld give them up.
26．During ur jurney f life, whm shuld we lve and respect?
A．Parents.B．Strangers.
C．Friends.D．All f the abve.
27．Which f the fllwing shws the structure (结构) f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
28．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Be calm and patientB．Enjy ur jurney f life
C．Lve everyne arund usD．Never give up ur dreams
（一）（2023·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）
Ray was a naughty(淘气的) student. But he was smart and hard-wrking. And he never lst a race r a chess game. He always came first in schl. He was s pleased with himself that he wuld always refuse t help thers.
“Ray, are yu able t g t the market and buy sme eggs?” asked his mther. Ray gave an excuse and refused, “Srry, Mm. I wuld be busy with my hmewrk.”
Jack, ne f Ray’s friends, wanted his help and asked, “Please help me slve this math prblem.” “Yu must use yur brain and slve it yurself.” replied the arrgant(傲慢的) Ray. Only ne thing was imprtant t Ray. His precius(珍贵的) pen! He cnsidered it as his lucky pen. But ne day Ray lst the pen.
Wrried Ray lked everywhere fr the pen, but culdn’t find it. Helplessly, he went t his mther fr help, “Mm, I lst my lucky pen! Please help me find it. I have a test tmrrw.”
His mther ignred(不理睬) his request and said, “I’m srry. I’m ging ut with Aunty Christme.”
With tears rlling dwn his eyes. Ray asked his friend fr help, “I have lst my lucky pen. I cannt finish the test withut it. Please help me find it!” “I’m srry, Ray. I have t revise fr tmrrw’s test. I dn’t have time t waste.” Jack replied.
Ray sat at his desk, crying his eyes ut, when his mther walked in t give his lucky pen t him. “I fund it under the sfa in the drawing rm.” said his mther.
“Many thanks. Mm!” said Ray. And thus, Ray learnt his lessn.
After that day, Ray helped everyne when pssible fr him.
35．T Ray’s mther and Jack, Ray was ________.
A．perfectB．unhelpfulC．carelessD．warm-hearted
36．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Ray?
A．He tld lies t his mther.B．He refused his friend’s help.
C．He helped his friend with math.D．He needed help t find his pen.
37．Hw did Ray learn his lessn?
A．By taking a test.B．By helping thers.
C．By sharing kindness.D．By experiencing wrries.
38．What can we learn frm the Passage?
A．Asking fr help necessary.B．Helping thers brings happiness.
C．Helping thers is t help urselves.D．Lking fr excuses fr urselves useless.
（二）（2023·江苏）
Katie was waiting fr Gulliver’s calls. Instead, she just heard sparrws making nise in the bushes. “Maybe Gulliver missed the harbur.” Dad said. After breakfast, Katie tk her camera t the harbur. All the clurful bats made pretty pictures, but nt the ne she wanted mst.
Katie waved t Ernest, her uncle’s neighbur, n the bathuse. The gull’s name, Gulliver, was given by him. The gull’s size and his single leg made the bird itself different. But Ernest tld Katie what Gulliver did that first summer Katie and her dad came caught everyne’s attentin. Yung Katie lay in her strller (婴儿车) n the flating dck (码头) when Uncle Ralph and Dad were repairing bats nearby. The waves frm the passing bat made Katie’s strller shake strngly. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Gulliver made the ludest cry. Dad and uncle rushed t Katie and stpped the strller frm falling int the water. They kept a clse eye at Katie after that. Anther summer Katie was three years ld, she liked t tuch everything. But Dad didn’t watch her every minute when she tried t catch small ducks arund r fish frm water. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” The gull’s cry brught Dad back in time. He stpped Katie as she tried t fllw the small ducks running twards water. Several summers passed, and Gulliver cntinued t call ut as Katie tried new things.
This summer Katie did the usual by-the-sea things she’d learned t d. One day, she rwed a bat ut but was trapped n a rck by a strm. As she lked up and tried t catch the last warmth f the sunshine thrugh dark cluds, she saw a single white feather. A gull feather? She searched the sky fr an answer. Putting her arms arund knees, she clsed eyes t hld in the tears (眼泪). “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Katie sat up. “Katie! Katie!” Sn, Dad and Uncle Ralph appeared. “Hw lucky! We heard Gulliver as we came arund the rcks,” Uncle Ralph said, “At least… it sunded like him. Strange, he was nwhere in sight.” Katie remembered the feather. “I thught I heard him, t.”
—Adapted frm the stry by Gillian Richardsn
39．Katie tk a camera t the harbur in rder t take a picture f ________.
A．GulliverB．ErnestC．sparrwsD．bats
40．What’s the right rder f the fllwing events abut Katie?
①She was trapped n a rck by a strm.
②She lay in her strller n the flating dck.
③She fllwed the small ducks running twards water.
A．①②③B．①③②C．②③①D．②①③
41．Which f the fllwing can shw the change f Katie’s feelings in Paragraph 3?
A．sad—peaceful—excitedB．sad—excited—nervus
C．helpless—hpeful—thankfulD．helpless—thankful—nervus
42．What’s the best title fr the stry?
A．Katie and GulliverB．Katie’s Hlidays
C．Katie and DadD．Katie’s Tears
（三）（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）
Like mst parents, mine spent much time advising me t take part in activities utside schl. Hwever, they never frced me, and I never fund anything I was interested in. Then ne day a friend at schl tld me abut a lcal dance grup and asked if I wanted t g with her. S after schl we went t talk t the dance teacher. She explained everything t us and we bth decided t jin.
My parents were really pleased t hear I’d finally chsen dancing. They think if yu develp an interest in ding smething yurself, it will be easier t succeed.
I’ve nw been attending the dancing classes fr 3 years and I really enjy it. We are rganized int age grups, and at 16 I’m nw in the ldest class. There are classes f swing dance, ballet (芭蕾舞), street dance and flk dance. I practice street dance and I’m quite gd at it. I als help ut leading sme f the yunger children.
We als take part in events like lcal and even natinal dance shws, and relatives turn up t see their children perfrm. My parents are prud f me as they tell me all the time.
Nw I’ll be t ld t cntinue dancing with the grup. Hwever, I have already made plans t cntinue with them. The dance schl has becme very successful and is pening new classes. The directr has asked if I’d like t be ne f the grup leaders and f curse I said “yes”!
— By Julie, 16
43．Wh made Julie decide t jin the lcal dance grup?
A．Her parents.B．Her teacher.C．Her friend.D．Herself.
44．Accrding t Julie’s parents, what is mre imprtant t be successful?
A．Interest.B．Hard wrk.C．Curage.D．Pride.
45．When did Julie attend the dancing classes?
A．1 year ag.B．2 years ag.C．3 years ag.D．4 years ag.
46．What kind f dance is Julie gd at?
A．Swing dance.B．Ballet.C．Street dance.D．Flk dance.
47．Hw des Julie feel abut her future develpment?
A．Unhappy.B．Clear.C．Scared.D．Wrried.
（四）（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）
I have an 11-year-ld sn named Peter. I knew that playing sprts wuld be gd t ur sn. He wuld get sme exercise, learn abut teamwrk and learn sme physical skills. We cntinually encuraged him t have a try, but after a while it was clear that he didn’t like team sprts, and there was nthing we culd d t change it.
We decided nt t push him t take part in sprts, even thugh mst f his friends did sprts. As time went by, we gradually realized that we had made the right decisin. Dn’t misunderstand (误解) me. I have nthing against sprts. Nw my sn isn’t interested in sprts, but I’m nt pushing him t d sprts. Here are the reasns:
I want him t knw I accept him uncnditinally. I dn’t even want Peter t feel that I will lve him nly if he behaves in a certain way r takes part in sme activities. Whether he succeeds r fails, he will always be my sn, and that will never change.
I want him t frm his wn path (道路) in life. His path desn’t have t be the same as mine. In fact, we bth have similar interests in several areas like music, cmputers and Star Wars, but we’re als different in many ways. Peter needs t be free t g his wn path.
I want him t knw that I dn’t judge (判断) my wrth by his achievements. Every father will feel prud f his sn if he can make great achievements. S mst parents always push them s hard. Smetimes we have seen urselves indirectly thrugh ur wn sns. Their achievements remind us f ur wnderful days in the past. We must make sure we dn’t want t make up fr (弥补) ur wn regrets by pushing ur sns t climb higher and g further than we did.
48．The advantages f ding sprts dn’t include ________.
A．getting sme exerciseB．getting sme exam skills
C．learning abut teamwrkD．learning sme physical skills
49．What was the writer’s final decisin?
A．Our sn must master a kind f sprt.
B．He shuld d the same thing as his friends.
C．We didn’t push him t d sprts he disliked.
D．We wuld push him t find what he was gd at.
50．What des the underlined wrd “uncnditinally” mean?
A．慎重地B．无条件地C．不耐烦地D．犹豫地
51．Hw many reasns des the father give fr nt pushing his sn t take part in sprts?
A．Tw.B．Three.C．Fur.D．Five.
52．Which sentence can best describe the father in this passage?
A．He is a wise and pen-minded father.
B．He desn’t care abut his sn’s future.
C．He is brave and knws when t give up.
D．He is rich enugh t supprt the whle family.
（五）（2023·浙江衢州·统考中考真题）
Tm always lived fr grades. He was always interested in bks and ideas. Why shuld he care abut peple? They nly made fun f him. They were jealus (妒忌的) because he was s smart, r s he thught. It seemed that Tm knew everything — except ne thing. He didn’t knw hw t get alng with ther peple.
He made his parents believe that schl was a waste f time, s he began hme schling with special teachers. He dreamed f being the yungest persn t enter university, and he sent letters t famus prfessrs (教授) t see if it was pssible.
One day, the drbell rang. When Tm pened the dr, there was his idl—Prfessr Rsen. Tm was s excited that he culd hardly speak. The tw talked fr a lng time, exchanging ideas. The prfessr was surprised at what this yung by knew. “Tm, tell me abut yur friends. What d yu d fr fun?” the prfessr wanted t knw.
There was silence as Tm realised that he didn’t really have any friends. “Well, I dn’t have time fr all that. I’m t busy with my studies,” he said.
“That’s a prblem, Tm. Yu have t learn that the wrld is nt just filled with ideas. It’s filled with peple. And yu have t remember t be what yu are … a by. Bys need t have fun.”
The prfessr talked a bit mre and then said, “I have t g, but I have a test fr yu. In this bx, there are three things. I want yu t learn hw t use them. It is nt very simple and yu’ll need anther persn t help yu. Experiment and learn hw t use them, and I’ll be back in a week t see hw yu’re ding. Then, I’ll have anther test fr yu.”
The prfessr left and Tm pened the bx. Inside were tw baseball glves and a ball. He tried n a glve and picked up the ball, lking at the ther glve with a bright smile …
53．What des the underlined wrd “it” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Writing letters.B．Attending university early.
C．Studying at hme.D．Visiting famus prfessrs.
54．What d Prfessr Rsen’s wrds mean in Paragraph 5?
A．It’s gd fr Tm t share new ideas with his teachers.
B．It’s imprtant fr Tm t remember what he’s learnt.
C．It’s necessary fr Tm t realise what his prblem is.
D．It’s helpful fr Tm t knw the differences amng peple.
55．Why did Prfessr Rsen set the first test fr Tm accrding t the text?
A．T imprve Tm’s testing skills.
B．T check Tm’s language level.
C．T stp Tm frm being silent.
D．T encurage Tm t make friends.
56．What will Tm prbably d next accrding t the text?
A．Wrk much harder n his studies.
B．Give the bx back t the prfessr.
C．G ut t play baseball with smene.
D．Ask fr mre infrmatin by letter.
（六）（2023·山东日照·中考真题）
Once there was a manager wh had a team f arund 40 hardwrking members. Everything seemed perfect except fr ne thing: the grup has a hard time cmmunicating and sharing infrmatin with each ther.
Then ne day, the manager had an idea. He decided t take his grup n a team uting and persnally prepared games f 3 runds.
During the first rund, the manager tld everyne t blw a balln and write their names withut ppping （弄破） it. And sn the team members did it successfully.
After that, the leader tld them t wait utside fr the next rund. When they were asked t enter the rm again, the members saw many mre ballns withut names all arund the rm.
The manager tld his team t search fr the balln that belngs t them. The first three persns t bring him the balln will win, while thse wh pp the balln will be ut f the game.
15 minutes had already passed and nt a single ne was able t identify（确认）his balln, and that’s why the manager decided t g n t the third rund instead. Fr the third rund, the manager tld his yung grup t pick any ballns frm the rm and give it t the persn whse name was n it.
Within a cuple f minutes, everyne had his balln with his wn name. The manager went n t tell his members hw they were nt able t search fr their ballns in the secnd rund because everyne was fixing t much attentin n his wn target. Hwever, in just a shrt time, they were able t d the third rund because f the pwer f teamwrk and sharing with each ther.
57．What were the team asked t d in the first rund?
A．T share their infrmatin.
B．T identity their wn ballns.
C．T give the ballns 10 the manager.
D．T blw the ballns and write their names.
58．Why did the team fail in the secnd rund?
A．Sme f them ppped the ballns.
B．Each fcused n his wn balln.
C．Only three f them fund the ballns.
D．Nne f the ballns had names n them.
59．What des the underlined wrd “target” mean?
A．interestB．galC．directinD．chice
60．What’s the manager’s purpse in preparing the games?
A．T find ut the mst talented members.
B．T free the team frm the stress in their wrk.
C．T remind the team f the imprtance f teamwrk.
D．T encurage the team members t wrk harder.
目录
一
复习目标
掌握目标及备考方向
二
考情分析
中考阅读理解记叙文文考情分析
三
阅读应用文的考向
细节理解题
推理判断题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
5.提升必考题型归纳
四
真题感悟
中考阅读记叙文文经典考题精选
正确选项特征
将选项代入原文，上下文逻辑通顺。
含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。
干扰项特征
与划线部分词形相似
考查熟词生义时，含有常规词义的往往不正确
3.选项中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般为错误选项。
正确选项特征
涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩
语言精练，若是标题类，则应当醒目且语言具有概括性和针对性。
干扰项特征
过于笼统
范围太大，超出文章内容。
以偏概全
只是文章的某一部分或者某一个细节，或是某一个段落的要点或者部分。
主观臆断
与文章内容无关，只是涉及个别单词或按现实生活生搬硬套。