2025年中考英语一轮复习讲义第04讲 阅读理解之说明文（2份，原卷版+解析版）

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1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
2.明确命题规律和提问方式
3.掌握不同题型的解题方法
【考情分析】
阅读理解说明文命题规律
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息：
A. 说明的对象
B. 说明对象的特征
C. 说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法）
【名师解难】
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即wh → what → when → where → hw → why。
1. wh：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4. hw：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-wrd。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
说明文阅读理解的解题技巧
阅读说明类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、从属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。
一、解题技巧
技巧一 快速读题，正确理解题干，定位关键词，带着问题读文章。
技巧二 运用正确的阅读策略，变速阅读文章，学会处理文中的冗余信息。
技巧三 注意特殊语言现象，在含有关键词的句子处标上题号。
技巧四 注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案。
技巧五 合理猜测，推敲生词的含义。
技巧六 符合题目要求，对信息进行必要的加工处理。
二、解题方法
先读懂文章，然后按顺序答题。此方法适合内容较易于理解和记忆的文章。
先读试题再读文章，这样我们可以带着问题有的放矢地阅读文章，迅速选出答案。
先阅读一篇文章，把握中心大意，然后开始答题，对暂时确定不了的答案，可回读文章的有关内容并对其进行分析、推敲后再确定。
对拿不准的答案，可先逐项排除自己有把握的错误选项，再将剩下的答案进行比较、筛选，直到确定最佳答案。
三、注意事项
1. 限时阅读：严格控制做题时间，具体到每一篇文章，通过有意识的训练，达到时间分配上的合理性。
2. 带着问题读：先快速浏览一遍题目，再开始阅读文章，有针对性的阅读会提升速度。
3. 找对应词句：中考阅读理解的答案都会聚焦到文章的词或句子上，在做题时找到相应的原文，并进行勾勒、标注，重点理解，有助于排除疑虑，且方便检查。
4. 重点注意首段、尾段、首句、尾句：中考阅读理解的材料都是有鲜明的中心句的，把握好中心句有助于全篇的理解。中心句通常位于首段、尾段、首句或尾句，需要特别注意。
5. 理解作者意图：切勿将自己的意图强加到文章中，特别是在做主旨大意题时。
【网络构建】
中考英语中的说明文，按照说明对象的不同，通常可分为两种类型：事物性说明文和事理性说明文。
以河南省中考阅读C篇分析来看：
说明文答题技巧
分析2023年各地区说明文类阅读理解，大都考查细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题以及主旨大意题
细节理解题
命题规律：
细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。
命题方式 ：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what.which，wh，hw much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。
2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
2.中频考点：数字计算题；
3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。
解题原则 ：注意句子的逻辑关系，依附原文，杜绝主观臆断。
解题技巧 ：
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
解题原则：对原文中能直接排除的进行筛选，不能直接找到的多处相关信息进行整合转换。
推理判断题
推理判断题是中考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。
错误原因：
1. 主观臆断
2. 缺乏逻辑
3. 过度推理
4. 缺乏常识
隐含推断类题型
锁定关键词：
根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型
解题指导：
浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项
抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；
整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。
观点态度类题型
锁定关键词：
根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），utstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hpefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favr f（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。
解题指导：
认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向
关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点
注意作者或文中人物的措辞
分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；
牢记观点态度的常见词语
写作意图类题型
锁定关键词：
根据题干关键词purpse（目的），intend t（打算），want t tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage t（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。
解题指导：
根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；
根据文体推断写作意图
说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（t intrduce, t explain, t infrm, t make cmparisns...）
词义猜测题
命题规律：
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。
平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
题型和考查角度：
1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
命题方式：
The phrase“...” in the sentence culd be replaced by“ ”.
The wrd “...”in the paragraph refer t“ ”.
What is the meaning f the underlined wrd in the.. paragraph?
Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the phrase“...”?
The wrd“...” mst nearly means“ ”.
The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .
解题技巧 ：
1.定位文中画线处上下文。
2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
选项特征 ：
根据定义推测词义：
有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, r, namely, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put it anther way, which is等。
根据举例推测词义：
有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。
根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：
表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead, similarly, n the cntrary, in cntrast t等。
根据同义词或并列结构推测词义：
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。
根据构词法推测词义：
英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。
根据因果关系推测词义：
因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, fr , s, thus, cnsequently, therefre, hence, due t, result in, result frm, as a result, fr this reasn, accrdingly, , 等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
主旨大意题
命题规律：
主旨大意题即考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。
题型和考查角度：
1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)
2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。
要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
选项特征：
命题方式：
What is the text mainly abut?
What is the best title fr the text?
What can be a suitable title fr the text?
What's the mainly abut?
What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/.. paragraph?
不解题技巧：
说明文：明文的主题句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也有的首尾呼应。
段落大意题
通过结构或暗示概括段落大意
根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式
通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
（一）
（2024·辽宁·统考模拟预测）
Peple are trying t build “green buildings” that are friendly t the envirnment. They might nt seem any different frm cmmn buildings. But let’s take a clser lk.
Stay cl and warm. It takes a lt f energy t light rms. It als takes energy t heat and cl buildings. S green buildings are designed t d all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulatin(隔热材料)inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat utside in summer. This saves energy fr heating and cling. Sme green buildings dn’t need any radiatrs(散热器)r air cnditining at all!
Save the trees. What a building is made frm can als help the planet. T save frests, sme green buildings have bamb flrs instead f wd. Bamb lks like wd, but it’s actually a grass. It grws back 20 times faster than a tree. Anther way t build green is t use recycled materials. That saves the cst and reduces pllutin f prducing smething new.
Make better hme. City planners like green buildings because they save mney and they are healthier fr the peple wh wrk and live inside. But yu dn’t need t build a whle new building. Simple changes like shading windws and planting trees can make any hme greener—and a better Earth hme fr us all.
As mre peple becme cncerned(担忧的)abut climate change, mre buildings are ging green. Experts are finding new ways t build green buildings. We als need t change ur mind. Let’s take actin nw!
1．Hw des an energy-smart building save energy fr heating and cling?
A．It uses air cnditiners.B．It uses smart radiatrs.
C．It has special thick walls.D．It has fewer rm lights.
2．Bamb is used instead f wd in green buildings because ________
A．it is a recycled materialB．it grws back much faster
C．it can keep the rm warmD．it can save a lt f mney
3．In Paragraph 4, the writer advises us t ________
A．build a whle new green buildingB．pay attentin t climate change
C．make small changes t ur hmeD．use nly gas t ck ur meals
4．Hw is the text rganized?
(①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, …)
A．B．C．D．
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了环保建筑的好处以及呼吁人们赶紧行动起来。
1．细节理解题。根据“An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulatin(隔热材料)inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat utside in summer. This saves energy fr heating and cling.”可知，厚墙内的特殊材料可以用于节省能源，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Bamb lks like wd, but it’s actually a grass. It grws back 20 times faster than a tree.”可知，因为它的生长速度是树的20倍，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“But yu dn’t need t build a whle new building. Simple changes like shading windws and planting trees can make any hme greener—and a better Earth hme fr us all.”可知，对房屋作一些简单的改变，故选C。
4．篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，第一段主要引出话题“环保建筑”；第二段到第四段主要讲述“环保建筑”的好处；最后一段呼吁人们行动起来，故选A。
（2023·河南周口·校考三模）
They’ve been extinct (灭绝) fr mre than 65 millin years. They left n pictures but libraries were filled with bks abut them. Yet, they live n in the imaginatins f peple. Mentin the wrd “dinsaur” t anyne and yu’re sure t have smething t talk abut.
We have knwn abut these strange living things fr mre than 200 years. Their fssil (化石) recrd was first discvered in 1818. The wrd “dinsaur” was created in 1842 by a scientist wh put tw Greek wrds tgether.
What we knw abut dinsaurs cmes nly thrugh the fssil recrd they left behind. We can get an idea f hw they lked by building their skeletns (骨架) with fssilized bnes and teeth. They must have been amazing as they twered high abve the ther living things f their time. We d knw that they lived n land and walked. Sme walked n tw legs. Others preferred fur legs. Sme were fast and thers were quite slw.
We have a pretty gd picture f their size and structure, but nt much else is knwn fr certain. Fr example, what clr were they? Nbdy knws. Did they cry like lins, r were their vices sweet and musical like birds? Again, hw can we knw? The fssil recrd des nt speak.
Keep in mind that what we dn’t knw abut dinsaurs is far greater than what we d knw abut them. As with a lt f researches abut that era, scientists ften have t read between the lines.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
5．Which f the fllwing pictures is the dinsaur?
A．B．C．D．
6．When was the first dinsaur fssil discvered?
A．Almst 200 years ag.B．Over 200 years ag.
C．Mre than 65 millin years ag.D．Almst 200 millin years ag.
7．What are peple sure abut dinsaurs?
A．Clr and actin.B．Size and structure.
C．Sund and language.D．Persnality and feeling.
8．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 4?
A．Different kinds f dinsaurs.B．Several facts abut dinsaurs.
C．The size and structure f dinsaurs.D．Sme unknwn things abut dinsaurs.
9．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．The appearance f dinsaurs
B．The places where dinsaurs lived
C．The reasns why dinsaurs died ut
D．Knwn and unknwn facts abut dinsaurs
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了我们对恐龙的已知和未知。
5．细节理解题。根据“they twered high abve the ther living things f their time”以及常识可知恐龙比那个时代的其他生物都要高，选项C符合。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据“We have knwn abut these strange living things fr mre than 200 years. Their fssil (化石) recrd was first discvered in 1818”可知恐龙化石于1818年首次被发现，即200多年前。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“We have a pretty gd picture f their size and structure”可知我们对它们的大小和结构有一个很好的了解。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。根据“We have a pretty gd picture f their size and structure, but nt much else is knwn fr certain...”以及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了关于恐龙的一些未知。故选D。
9．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了我们对恐龙的已知和未知，以选项D“关于恐龙的已知和未知事实”为标题最合适。故选D。
（2023·福建厦门·厦门外国语学校校考模拟预测）
A special seasn f Vice f China that sptlights（聚焦）n Yue Opera, a natinal intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产), was n Zhejiang TV.
Yue Opera, ne f the five majr Chinese peras (Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping Opera, Yu Opera in the rder f influence), is knwn as “Chinese drama” abrad. Yue pera started in Shaxing, Zhejiang and later became ppular in Shanghai. Xiasheng, Xiadan, Lasheng, Ladan, Xiachu, and Damian are the six majr rles in Yue Opera. Xiasheng are the yung man rles while Xiadan are the yung wman rles. Lasheng and Ladan refers t the lder man and wman rles. Xiachu usually play a fun rle. Damian are mstly treacherus (不忠的).
Wrking with the prvince’s department f culture and turism, Zhejiang TV tries t use the influence f Vice f China, which has wned a great audience (观众) grup in hme and abrad since 10 years ag, t creatively spread traditinal art frms amng yung audience.
The special seasn has kept the frm f Vice f China, inviting fur experienced perfrmers as team leaders t chse their team members. The team leaders have t sit with their back t the stage where the perfrmers wuld perfrm ne after anther. If smene’s singing wins their hearts, they can push a buttn t turn arund the chairs t see the face f the perfrmer.
Yung Yue Opera perfrmers are encuraged t shw the traditinal art creatively. Fr example, they wuld use guitar as the musical instrument in the pera r add mdern singing style int their perfrmance.
10．Accrding t the influence, Yue Opera is the ________ majr Chinese peras.
A．1stB．2ndC．3rdD．4th
11．Picture ________ shws the rle f Xiadan.
A．B．C．D．
12．Frm the passage, yu can learn the fllwing abut Yue Opera EXCEPT ________.
A．it has six majr rlesB．it started in Shanghai
C．it is an intangible cultural heritageD．it is knwn as “Chinese drama” abrad
13．The 4th paragraph mainly talks abut ________.
A．why Vice f China is ppularB．what perfrmers d in the shw
C．hw the special seasn runsD．wh the team leaders are
14．The tpic f the passage is abut ________.
A．business & turism B．science & future C．culture & artD．films & music
【答案】10．B 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了越剧是一种中国传统文化艺术。文章详细介绍了它的起源、它的特点、它的发展以及《中国好声音》特别季的运营等。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yue Opera, ne f the five majr Chinese peras (Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping Opera, Yu Opera in the rder f influence)”可知，越剧是中国五大戏曲种类之一（京剧，越剧，黄梅戏，评剧，和豫剧，按影响力排序），可见，越剧是“中国第二大剧种”。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段“Xiasheng are the yung man rles while Xiadan are the yung wman rles.”可知，小旦是年轻女性的角色。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yue pera started in Shaxing, Zhejiang and later became ppular in Shanghai.”可知，越剧起源于浙江绍兴，后来在上海流行起来。所以选项B描述错误。故选B。
13．段落大意题。根据第四段“The special seasn has kept the frm f Vice f China, inviting fur experienced perfrmers as team leaders t chse their team members. ... If smene’s singing wins their hearts, they can push a buttn t turn arund the chairs t see the face f the perfrmer.”可知，《中国好声音》特别季邀请了四位经验丰富的表演者作为团队领导者来选择他们的团队成员。表演者的歌声赢得了他们的心，他们才会转身看到演出者。由此可见，本段是在说中国好声音特别季是怎样运营的。故选C。
14．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文由《中国好声音》特别季引入越剧，进而介绍越剧的起源、特点、角色等。由此推知文章的主题是关于文化和艺术的。故选C。
（2023·山西大同·模拟预测）
Have yu ever wndered what animals are talking abut? With the develpment f AI, we may be able t understand their languages!
In Prfessr Karen Bakker’s new bk, The Sunds f Life: Hw Digital Technlgy Is Bringing Us Clser t the Wrlds f Animals and Plants, she talks abut hw AI is helping us t make an animal versin（版本）.
All arund the animal kingdm（王国）, there are sunds that we can hardly pick up and decipher（破译）. Fr example, elephants talk with each ther using infrasund（次声波）far belw ur human hearing range. Cral（珊瑚）in the cean als sends sund waves t attract baby cral t safer areas t grw. This is surprising as cral desn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed listening equipment int these envirnments t pick up the sunds humans cannt hear.
After the sunds are recrded, AI can study their meaning. Fr example, Israeli researchers used AI t translate bats’ 15,000 calls. They fund that mre than 60 percent were arguments abut fur things: fd, sleep psitins（姿势）, invasin（侵犯）, and unwanted advances（求爱）.
This technlgy can nt nly understand the animals but cmmunicate back t them. Fr example, bees use dances t cmmunicate. A research team in Germany, therefre, put the bee language AI system int a rbt bee. They asked the rbt t create a dance rutine（路线）t tell the bees where the nectar（花蜜）was, Vx reprted.
15．What des Karen Bakker’s new bk mainly talk abut?
A．Why humans shuld prtect animals.
B．Hw AI helps humans t understand animals.
C．When humans can get clser t animals.
16．Hw did elephants talk with each ther?
A．By using infrasund.B．By sending sund waves.C．By waving their big ears.
17．What des the underlined wrd “equipment” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?
A．耳机B．设备C．障碍
18．What can we infer（推断）frm Paragraph 4?
A．Scientists have gt t knw hw bats argue with each ther.
B．Israeli researchers are the first t use AI t translate animals’ languages.
C．Scientists have been able t translate sme animals’ languages with AI technlgy.
19．Hw did scientists tell bees where the nectar was?
A．They trained ther bees t lead them there.
B．They asked a rbt bee t teach them a new language.
C．They made a rbt bee t tell the bees abut the rute by dancing.
【答案】15．B 16．A 17．B 18．C 19．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能技术如何帮助我们理解动物语言。
15．细节理解题。根据“In Prfessr Karen Bakker’s new bk, The Sunds f Life: Hw Digital Technlgy Is Bringing Us Clser t the Wrlds f Animals and Plants, she talks abut hw AI is helping us t make an animal versin”可知，这本书主要谈论了人工智能如何帮助我们制作动物版。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据“elephants talk with each ther using infrasund far belw ur human hearing range”可知，大象使用远低于人类听觉范围的次声波相互交谈。故选A。
17．词义猜测题。根据“Scientists have placed listening equipment int these envirnments t pick up the sunds humans cannt hear.”可知，为了收集人类听不到的声音，需要一些设备，故此处划线部分意为“设备”。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据“After the sunds are recrded, AI can study their meaning...”可知，在声音被记录下来之后，人工智能可以研究它们的含义，由此推知科学家们已经能够用人工智能技术翻译一些动物的语言。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据“A research team in Germany, therefre, put the bee language AI system int a rbt bee. They asked the rbt t create a dance rutine（路线）t tell the bees where the nectar was”可知，他们让机器人创造一个舞蹈程序，告诉蜜蜂花蜜在哪里。故选C。
（2023·吉林白城·校联考模拟预测）
Feeling sweaty(流汗的) frm a summer heat wave? Dn’t wrry. Nt all yur sweat has t g t waste. Researchers frm University f Califrnia have develped a new device(装置) that prduces energy frm the sweat n yur fingertips.
The device is called a bifuel cell(生物燃料细胞). Frm the utside, it lks like a simple piece f film cnnected t electrdes(电极). S hw des the device wrk? When yu stick the bifuel cell t yur finger, it takes in sweat. The enzymes(酶) n the electrdes then help t prduce electricity.
Besides using the sweat, the device als prduces small amunts f energy when it is pressed, s daily activities like typing, texting, r playing the pian are all gd ways t prduce electricity.
Sme peple may think it queer t chse fingertips as the surce f sweat, but in fact, they are the sweatiest part f the bdy. Each finger prduces between 100 and 1,000 times mre sweat than mst ther areas.
The device is the mst effective n-bdy energy prducer. Befre it is invented, mst pwer prducing wearable devices require wearers t perfrm exercise r depend n ther surces, such as sunlight r large changes in temperature. But the new device uses a system t prduce electricity frm sweat in yur fingertips, even if yu are sleeping r sitting cmpletely quietly. One f the researchers Lu Yin said, “Unlike ther sweat-pwered wearables, this ne requires n exercise, n physical input frm the wearer in rder t be useful. This wrk is a step frward t making wearables mre practical and cnvenient.
It’s als quite cmfrtable t wear the device. The size f the device is abut 1 cm2. “Yu can cmfrtably wear it fr a lng perid f time,” said Yin.
Hwever, at the mment, the device can nly stre up a little bit pwer. And it wuld take abut three weeks f cnstant(不断的) wear t pwer a smart phne, but the researchers hpe t increase its pwer in the future.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
20．The bifuel cell can ________.
A．prtect fingertips B．cause a heat waveC．make use f sweatD．develp new devices
21．What des the underlined wrd “queer” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Strange.B．Unsafe.C．Dirty.D．Traditinal.
22．Wearing the bifuel cell, wh can make the bifuel cell wrk?
①Edward has a gd sleep in his bed.
②Vetty sends a text message t her mm.
③Nick plays basketball with his classmates.
④Lily dried the sweat n her hands with a fan.
A．②③④B．①③④C．①②④D．①②③
23．What is the advantage f the bifuel cell?
A．It can influence the temperature greatly.
B．It can pwer a smart phne in a day.
C．It makes yu cmfrtable when yu are in pain.
D．It wrks fr nearly 24 hurs a day when yu wear it.
24．What’s the best title fr the passage?
A．The Histry f the Bifuel CellB．A Traditinal Technlgy—the Bifuel Cell
C．A New Technlgy—the Bifuel CellD．The Inventr f the Bifuel Cell
【答案】20．C 21．A 22．D 23．D 24．C
【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了新科技生物燃料电池。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段“When yu stick the bifuel cell t yur finger, it takes in sweat.”可知，当你把生物燃料电池粘在手指上时，它会吸收汗液；根据“Besides using the sweat, the device als prduces small amunts f energy when it is pressed”可知，除了使用汗液，该设备在按压时也会产生少量能量。由此推知生物燃料电池可以利用汗水，故选C。
21．词义猜测题。根据“chse fingertips as the surce f sweat”和“but in fact, they are the sweatiest part f the bdy.”可知，人们普遍认为指尖的汗水比较少，所以利用指尖的汗水作为来源对人们来说是很奇怪的，故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段“s daily activities like typing, texting, r playing the pian are all gd ways t generate electricity”可知，打字、发短信或弹钢琴等日常活动都是发电的好方法；根据“even if yu are sleeping r sitting cmpletely stul.”可知，即使你在睡觉或坐着时完全僵硬，也能通过指尖的汗水产生电力。由此推断，人们日常睡觉（对应①）、发信息（对应②）还有运动（对应③）都会让生物燃料电池运转，故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Yu can cmfrtably wear it fr a lng perid f time”可知，当你戴着它的时候，它几乎一天24小时都在工作。故选D。
24．最佳标题题。根据本文介绍了一种新型的生物燃料电池。所以最好的标题是“一种新技术——生物燃料电池”。故选C。
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）
Whenever we hear the name Lenard da Vinci, mst f us prbably think f his famus paintings the Mna Lisa and The Last Supper. But d yu knw that he als did well in many ther areas utside f art?
Lenard da Vinci was cnsidered t be ne f the mst talented and the cleverest peple f all time. He left behind many ntebks full f creative ideas and inventins. They were als full f different subjects that he was studying. He spelt wrds backwards（朝反方向）and revered（使……反转）each letter. S his ntes culd nly be read thrugh the use f a mirrr. This “mirrr writing” might have helped prtect his ideas frm getting stlen by thers.
In his ntebks, there were designs fr flying machines. It wasn’t until abut 400 years later that peple learned hw t use machines t fly. Lenard da Vinci drew pictures and designs f war machines, musical instruments and many ther things as well.
Besides, he was als interested in the human bdy. He studied the human bdy a lt. He described different parts f the bdy in his ntebks. One f his mst famus drawings, the Vitruvian Man, imagines a man with perfect prprtins（比例）. Lenard da Vinci als studied the bdies f hrses, cws, frgs, mnkeys and ther animals.
Lenard da Vinci believed that science and art were clsely cnnected. In his pinin, the study f science and nature helped shape his wrk as an artist. D yu agree with him?
25．Which design f the fllwing didn’t Lenard da Vinci draw accrding t the passage?
A．War machines.B．Flying machines.C．Reversing mirrrs.D．Musical instruments.
26．The underlined wrd “They” in Paragraph 2 refers t ________.
A．Lenard da Vinci’s ntebksB．Lenard da Vinci’s paintings
C．Lenard da Vinci5s ideasD．Lenard da Vinci’s designs
27．Which f the fllwing was Lenard da Vinci’s idea ?
A．Science and his artwrks weren’t clsely cnnected.
B．Learning science helped him make better wrks f art.
C．All artists shuld learn t make scientific inventins.
D．The study f nature culdn’t imprve his wrk as an artist.
28．Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
29．What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A．T let us knw mre abut the Mna Lisa and The Last Supper.
B．T shw us sme f Lenard da Vinci’s flying machines.
C．T let us knw mre abut Lenard da Vinci.
D．T let us help find Lenard da Vinci’s special ntebks.
【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了达·芬奇在艺术之外的其他领域也有卓越的表现。
25．细节理解题。根据“In his ntebks, there were designs fr flying machines.”和“Lenard da Vinci drew pictures and designs f war machines, musical instruments and many ther things as well.”可知，达·芬奇画过飞行器、战争机器、乐器等设计。没有提到画过翻转的镜子的设计。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。根据“He left behind many ntebks full f creative ideas and inventins. They were als full f different subjects that he was studying.”可知，他留下了许多充满创意和发明的笔记本。它们也充满了他正在研究的不同物品。因此代词they指代“达·芬奇笔记本”。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“In his pinin, the study f science and nature helped shape his wrk as an artist.”可知，在他看来，对科学和自然的研究有助于他塑造艺术作品。故选B。
28．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出话题，介绍达·芬奇在艺术之外的许多其他领域也有卓越的表现；第二至四段介绍了达·芬奇留下了许多充满创意和发明的笔记本；第五段介绍达·芬奇对科学和艺术的关系的看法。因此选项B的篇章结构图符合本文内容。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据“But d yu knw that he als did well in many ther areas utside f art?”可知，本文主要介绍了达·芬奇在艺术之外的其他领域也有卓越的表现。因此本文的写作目的是让我们更了解达·芬奇。故选C。
（2023·安徽·统考模拟预测）
①Nwadays children mstly receive hngba nline thanks t the mbile payment apps such as Alipay and WeChat, which made the central bank t create a new kind f mney fr nline business. That’s hw the digital renminbi came int being. The digital trade has increased the types f payment tls. Yet the use f the digital renminbi faces sme challenges.
②First, with payment apps like Alipay and WeChat,a cmplete ecsystem (生态系统) has been set up fr activities such as shpping, traveling, giving hngba and making payments. S in a shrt time, the “digital renminbi wallet” can hardly shake it.
③Secnd, payments thrugh the digital renminbi are put directly int digital accunts and trades can be cmpleted thrugh an electrnic machine, which may cause users t wrry abut the safety f their mney, especially when a user lses the mbile phne.
④Third, the public is nt attracted (吸引) t the digital renminbi because it has n appreciatin value. While peple have interest in bank depsit (存款), n interest is ffered n digital renminbi depsits.
⑤In fact, the first idea f the digital renminbi was t make trades easier fr buyers and sellers with the help f the Internet and mbile apps. And as a tl that can meet the needs f the public in many fields, it is likely t be widely used in the future.
30．What des “it” refer t?
A．The central bank.B．The safety f mney.
C．The cmplete payment ecsystem.D．The newly-made electrnic machine.
31．What des the writer think f the future f the digital renminbi?
A．Wrrying and dubtful.B．Impssible t get develped.
C．Challengeable but hpeful.D．Nt mentined in the passage.
32．What is the structure f the passage?
A．B．C．D．
【答案】30．C 31．C 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字人名币所面临的挑战。
30．词句猜测题。根据“a cmplete ecsystem (生态系统) has been set up fr activities such as shpping, traveling, giving hngba and making payments. S in a shrt time, the “digital renminbi wallet” can hardly shake it.”可知，这里指一个完整的生态系统已经为购物、旅游、发红包和支付等活动建立起来。所以短时间内，“数字人民币钱包”很难撼动它，因此it指代上文的“完整的生态系统”。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据“Yet the use f the digital renminbi faces sme challenges.”和“And as a tl that can meet the needs f the public in many fields, it is likely t be widely used in the future.”可知，作者认为数字人名币既面临着一些挑战，但仍然未来可期。故选C。
32．篇章结构题。根据“Yet the use f the digital renminbi faces sme challenges.”可知，文章第一段点题；根据“First...”、“Secnd...”以及“Third...”可知，第二、三、四段分别描述数字人名币面临的挑战；最后一段根据“In fact, is likely t be widely used in the future.”可知，是对整篇文章进行总结，因此整个文章的结构为“总分总”。故选B。
（2023·安徽·统考模拟预测）
Mre yung Chinese peple like prducts with Chinese traditinal elements (元素).
Every mnth，Zhang Lingling hlds a party with her friends. They wear hanfu and sing sngs with music frm traditinal instruments. In additin, the 23-year-ld girl develped a mbile game that features (以……为特) a martial arts (武术) wrld full f traditinal cultures.
________ A reprt by Chinese shrt-vide platfrm Bilibili in February shws that ver 177 millin f the users lved vides featuring traditinal culture. Lking fr the reasn behind it，Ji Fangfang, a prfessr with the Chinese Academy f Scial Sciences, said: “They want t tell the wrld wh they are and t express their specialties.”
While sme prefer carrying n traditinal Chinese culture, thers are mixing it with mdern things. Pp culture designer Yu Yang is ne f them. When he made prducts featuring the ancient Gd f Frtune, the gd wre fashinable Chinese shes and a cap, and had a micrphne in his hand. “Pp culture is a cmmn language. I hpe mre peple will accept and lve my wrk and knw Chinese culture thrugh my art pieces,” he said in an interview with China Daily.
33．What are the activities Zhang Lingling d at the party with her friends?
A．They wear hanfu and sing sngs.B．They play martial arts.
C．They watch shrt-vides frm Bilibili.D．They play a mbile game tgether.
34．Which f the fllwing sentence can be put in _______?
A．Hanfu is a kind f dress wrn by ancient Han peple.
B．She always lses herself in singing thse ancient pems.
C．Like Zhang, there are many yung peple with lve fr traditinal Chinese culture.
D．Ppular mdern culture is the best way fr yung peple t shw their persnalities.
35．What des the prduct Gd f Frtune by Yu Yang stand fr?
A．Pp Chinese culture.B．Traditinal Chinese culture.
C．Mixture f eastern and western cultures.D．Mixture f traditinal and mdern cultures.
36．What des Yu Yang hpe fr the future?
A．Accepting mre interviews.B．Ppularity f Chinese culture.
C．Designing mre Chinese shes.D．Develping mre mbile games.
【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，说明了中国传统元素在年轻人中越来越受欢迎的趋势。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“They wear hanfu and sing sngs with music frm traditinal instruments. ”可知，他们在派对上穿汉服唱歌。故选A。
34．主旨大意题。根据第三段空后内容可知，此段主要描述越来越多的年轻人如张玲玲一般热爱具有传统文化的东西，因此此处需要一个过渡句，从个例过渡到大众的句子，选项C“如张一般，有很多年轻人热爱中国传统文化”最符合语境。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据第四段“thers are mixing it with mdern things. Pp culture designer Yu Yang is ne f them.”可知，有些人在把传统文化和现代文化融合在一起，例如流行文化设计师于洋，因此于洋的作品代表的是现代和传统文化的结合。故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“I hpe mre peple will accept and lve my wrk and knw Chinese culture thrugh my art pieces,”可知，于洋希望越来越多的人能通过他的作品了解到中国传统文化。故选B。
（一）
（2023·浙江湖州·统考中考真题）
Scientists believe the Earth is 4.6 billin years ld. Hwever, the muntains, valleys (山谷), hills, rivers, deserts and frests we see tday are much yunger than that. Fr example, Munt Qmlangma is abut 60 millin years ld and the Amazn rainfrest is nly 10 millin years ld. The yungest sea in the wrld is the Baltic Sea, at abut 15000 years ld.
The Earth is always changing because f vlcanes (火山), earthquakes and f curse, wind and rain. Sme f these changes are very slw and thers are quick. Water and ice can make very great changes t the planet. Fr example, glaciers rivers f ice can cut thrugh muntains and make lakes and deep valleys. Many vlcanes are under the ceans and smetimes they becme new islands. This is happening in the Suth Pacific, near Tnga.
It’s nrmal fr ur planet t change, but at the mment, scientists think it’s changing faster than usual. Sme deserts are grwing and many frests are getting smaller. The weather is getting wetter in sme places and drier in thers, and there are mre big strms. Accrding t the research, the sea level will cntinue t rise in the next hundred years. As a result, many cities will pssibly be cvered by water and much f the mst prductive farming areas will be lst. Sme island cuntries are likely t disappear n the map f the wrld.
These changes will bring great harm t the planet. Hwever, they can be beneficial t sme peple. Fr example, as the Arctic is getting warmer, sme peple in Greenland nw wn businesses and sell vegetables they grw n their land. That wasn’t pssible in the far nrth 50 years ag. Farmers in Greenland like the warm weather and hpe it will cntinue.
1．Hw des the writer describe the changes f the Earth in Paragraph 2?
A．By using sayings.B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stries.D．By listing numbers.
2．Frm Paragraph 3, we can mainly learn abut ________.
A．the age f the EarthB．prblems fr the planet
C．the life f the farmersD．influences n the muntains
3．The underlined wrd “beneficial” in Paragraph 4 is the clsest in meaning t “________”.
A．harmfulB．nrmalC．helpfulD．uncmfrtable
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了地球因为各种原因总是在变化，详细地介绍了这些变化的好处和坏处。
1．推理判断题。根据“Fr example, glaciers rivers f ice can cut thrugh muntains and make lakes and deep valleys…”可知，通过举例子的方式来描述地球的变化，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“The weather is getting wetter in sme places and drier in thers, and there are mre big strms…As a result, many cities will pssibly be cvered by water and much f the mst prductive farming areas will be lst. Sme island cuntries are likely t disappear n the map f the wrld”可知，第三段主要介绍了这些变化所带来的问题，故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据“These changes will bring great harm t the planet.”以及“Hwever, they can be beneficial t sme peple.”可知，这些变化会带来危害，Hwever表示转折，划线句子应说也可以带来好处，也就是给一些朋友带来帮助，故选C。
（2023·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）
China has made a system f laws t prtect the envirnment. It has helped build beautiful China, accrding t a wrk reprt.
The system includes the Envirnmental Prtectin Law and a lt f laws in sme ther areas, such as the Yangtze River Prtectin Law, the Yellw River Prtectin Law, the Black Sil (土壤) Prtectin Law, the law n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and s n. These envirnmental prtectin laws assist with beautiful China.
China prtects and imprves the envirnment in which peple live. It has made great effrts t prevent and cntrl pllutin. Over the past five years, the air quality (质量) has stayed at the gd level n 86.5 percent f the days in cities. The cuntry has als made prgress in preventing and cntrlling sil pllutin and cntinued t prtect frests, rivers, lakes and s n. What’s mre, China has managed t make laws t prtect wild animals and plants, prvide hmes fr many animals and teach the public t help them. Animals are friends f humans, and prtecting animals is als t prtect the hme f humans.
A gd envirnment is imprtant t humans. Withut the fresh air r clean water, we can’t live n the earth. The Chinese gvernment has taken actin t prtect bth. the envirnment and urselves.
4．There are at least ________ laws in Paragraph 2.
A．5B．6C．7D．8
5．The underlined wrd “assist” in Paragraph 2 is similar t ________.
A．partB．agreeC．helpD．deal
6．Accrding t Paragraph 3, we have dne smething t prtect the animals, including ________.
①prviding hmes fr many animals
②giving animals mre fd
③teaching the public t help animals
④making laws t prtect wild animals and plants
A．①②③B．①③④C．①②④D．②③④
7．Over the past five years, the air quality in cities has generally stayed at the ________ level.
A．badB．terribleC．prD．gd
8．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．A system f laws has been made t prtect sil arund China.
B．The cuntry has made prgress in preventing river pllutin.
C．China prtects and imprves the envirnment in which peple live.
D．China has taken actin t prtect the envirnment and humans.
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国已采取了很多行动保护环境和人类。
4．细节理解题。根据“The system includes the Envirnmental Prtectin Law and a lt f laws in sme ther areas, such as the Yangtze River Prtectin Law, the Yellw River Prtectin Law, the Black Sil (土壤) Prtectin Law, the law n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and s n”可知该体系包括《环境保护法》和其他一些领域的许多法律，如《长江保护法》、《黄河保护法》、《黑土保护法》、《青藏高原法》等。故选A。
5．词义猜测题。根据“These envirnmental prtectin laws assist with beautiful China.”可知这些环境保护法有助于建设美丽的中国，故此处划线部分和help意义相近。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据“China has managed t make laws t prtect wild animals and plants, prvide hmes fr many animals and teach the public t help them”可知中国还制定了保护野生动植物的法律，为许多动物提供了家园，并教导公众帮助它们。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“Over the past five years, the air quality (质量) has stayed at the gd level”可知在过去的五年里，空气质量一直保持在良好水平。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。根据“The Chinese gvernment has taken actin t prtect bth. the envirnment and urselves.”以及本文内容可知本文主要介绍了中国已采取了很多行动保护环境和人类。故选D。
（2023·湖南娄底·统考中考真题）
Nwadays, it seems that we cannt live withut technlgy. We learn, wrk and relax by using phnes, cmputers, iPads, AI rbts and s n. Nw, let’s see what’s ging n in Julie’s life.
Julie usually wakes up at the ring f a mbile phne. Then, she eats her breakfast t a vide n the phne. When she gets t her cmpany, she deals with the business n the cmputer. And she ften dwnlads（下载）and stres things that she needs n her iPad. When she needs smething, she can just turn n the iPad and search fr it. She carries the iPad wherever she is n business because it’s light. When she is at hme in the evening, she smetimes uses ChatGPT, a smart AI chat rbt, t write her prjects. She nly needs t type in sme key wrds and then she can get sme ideas in a secnd. It can make her use less time t d mre things. In the late evening, she always falls asleep at the sft music frm Xiadu.
Julie lives with technlgy, and s d we. Hwever, technlgy brings us sme prblems at the same time. Staring at screens t much is bad fr ur eyes. Many f us are near-sighted（近视的）r have ther eye prblems. AI is making sme f us unwilling t think and explre n ur wn. We may cpy ideas frm AI rbts. We may even like chatting in the virtual（虚拟的）wrld better because f s many chat rbts.
S, I think that technlgy is a duble-sided swrd（双刃剑）. We shuld use technlgy crrectly and wisely t make ur life easy, clrful and cnvenient.
9．What des Julie prbably d?
A．She is a student.B．She is a writer.C．She is a manager.
10．What des Julie carry when she is n business?
A．A cmputer.B．An iPad.C．An AI rbt.
11．Hw des the writer develp Paragraph 2?
A．By giving examples.B．By prviding reasns.C．By expressing pinins.
12．What can we infer（推断）frm the passage?
A．ChatGPT is a smart AI chat rbt.
B．AI rbts will take the place f us ne day.
C．Peple may cmmunicate less with each ther in real life.
13．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．Hw Des Julie Spend Her Day?
B．Hw Des Technlgy Help Us?
C．Hw Des Technlgy Influence Our Life?
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学技术对我们生活的影响。
9．推理判断题。根据“When she gets t her cmpany”可知在公司上班的可能是一个经理。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据“She carries the iPad wherever she is n business”可知她出差时随身携带iPad。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据“Julie usually wakes up at the ring f a mbile phne...”可知第二段通过Julie的事例讲述了科技对生活的影响。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据“We may even like chatting in the virtual（虚拟的）wrld better”可知可能更喜欢在虚拟世界聊天，所以在现实生活中，人们之间的交流可能会减少。故选C。
13．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了科学技术对我们生活的影响，选项C“科技如何影响我们的生活”为标题最合适。故选C。
（2023·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）
Chinese researchers reached the tp f Qmlangma n May 4, 2022. They set up the wrld’s highest autmatic(自动的) weather statin at an altitude(海拔) f 8,830 meters. This helps them t study the influences f climate change n the envirnment.
It is the highest autmatic weather statin in the wrld nw. It has taken the place f the statin sitting at an altitude f 8,430 meters n the suth side f the muntain, which is the secnd highest nw. This allws Chinese scientists t directly cllect data(数据) fr the first time frm the tp f the wrld’s highest muntain.
Cllecting and studying data frm Qmlangma is nt easy. But the data will give valuable infrmatin abut the cnditin f lcal glaciers(冰川) and muntain snw. It will als help scientists study and understand the glbal mnsn(季风) system, s experts can make prper decisins abut climate change.
Ya Tandng, a famus expert, said Chinese scientists had set up eight weather statins frm 5,200 t 8,830 meters abve sea level. Half f the statins were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters. “Alng with strng gvernment supprt and hard wrk by scientists, China has becme a glbal frnt-runner in fields such as climate change.” Ya said.
14．What is the altitude f the highest autmatic weather statin?
A．5,200 meters.B．7,000 meters.
C．8,430 meters.D．8,830 meters.
15．What des the underlined wrd “It” refer t(指代) in Paragraph 3?
A．Reaching the tp f Qmlangma.B．The influences f climate change.
C．The data frm Qmlangma.D．The highest autmatic weather statin.
16．Hw many weather statins were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters?
A．Tw.B．Fur.C．Six.D．Eight.
17．Which statement(陈述) is NOT right accrding t the passage?
A．Chinese scientists can directly cllect data frm the tp f Qmlangma nw.
B．It is hard t cllect and study data frm Qmlangma.
C．The secnd highest weather statin is n the nrth side f the muntain.
D．China has made great achievements in fields such as climate change.
18．In which part f a newspaper can we find the passage?
A．Science.B．Sprts.C．Travel.D．Health.
【答案】14．D 15．C 16．B 17．C 18．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了在珠穆朗玛峰顶部设立的世界最高的自动气象站的情况。
14．细节理解题。根据“They set up the wrld’s highest autmatic(自动的) weather statin at an altitude(海拔) f 8,830 meters.”可知，他们在海拔8830米的地方建立了世界上最高的自动气象站。故选D。
15．代词指代题。根据“But the data will give valuable infrmatin abut the cnditin f lcal glaciers(冰川) and muntain snw. It will als help scientists study and understand the glbal mnsn(季风) system, s experts can make prper decisins abut climate change.”可知，这些数据将提供有关当地冰川和高山积雪状况的宝贵信息。它还将帮助科学家研究和了解全球季风系统，这样专家们就可以对气候变化做出正确的决定。此处It指的是“这些数据”，故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据“Ya Tandng, a famus expert, said Chinese scientists had set up eight weather statins frm 5,200 t 8,830 meters abve sea level. Half f the statins were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters.”可知，中国科学家已经在海拔5200米到8830米的地方建立了8个气象站，一半的观测站建立在海拔7000米以上的地方，所以是有4个气象站超过7000米。故选B。
17．推理判断题。根据“It is the highest autmatic weather statin in the wrld nw. It has taken the place f the statin sitting at an altitude f 8,430 meters n the suth side f the muntain, which is the secnd highest nw.”可知，它是目前世界上海拔最高的自动气象站，它取代了位于珠峰南侧海拔8430米的气象站，这是目前海拔第二高的气象站。选项C“第二高的气象站在山的北侧”表述错误，故选C。
18．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了在珠穆朗玛峰顶部设立的世界最高的自动气象站的情况，推测可能在科学版块看到这篇文章，故选A。
（2023·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）
A team f Chinese scientists and climbers reached the tp f Qmlangma at abut 12:30 p.m. n Tuesday, May 23. It’s the secnd time since last year fr the science expeditin (考察) team t reach the tp.
The team was made up f 13 Chinese scientists and climbers. They set ff at a height f 8,300 metres fr the tp at abut 3 a.m. After mre than 8 hurs f hard climbing, they arrived at the 8,830-metre weather statin.
After fixing steel rpes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and directin sensrs (传感器), they finished imprving the wrld’s highest autmated(自动化的) weather statin, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year. Besides, they cllected ice-snw samples n the tp fr further research.
The weather statin recrds temperatures, wind speeds and ther key data fr studying climate change. Climate scientists have fund that glbal warming has had a large influence n the glacier number n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原).
Over the last fifty years, the temperature n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen abut 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecsystem(生态系统) f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding f the influence f climate change, and help scientists and the gvernment make prper decisins.
Since the mid-20th century, China has sent different research expeditin teams t Qmlangma. But because f limited resurces and technlgies, many key scientific questins are still unanswered, such as whether glbal warming can melt the ice at the tp f Qmlangma, and hw ecsystem can change as height increases t extremity.
19．Hw many times has the Chinese science expeditin team reached the tp since last year?
A．Once.B．Twice.C．Three times.D．Fur times.
20．Which paragraph best describes the picture belw?
A．Paragraph 1.B．Paragraph 2.C．Paragraph 3.D．Paragraph 4.
21．What des Paragraph 5 mainly talk abut?
A．The way f scientists studying climate change.
B．The effrt f gvernment t slve climate change.
C．The influence f climate change n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
D．The imprtance f studying ecsystem f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
22．What can we knw frm the passage?
A．The team set f fat a height f 8,830 metres fr the tp at abut 3 a.m.
B．The team cllected rck samples n the tp fr further research.
C．China has setup the wrld's highest autmated weather statin s far.
D．All the key scientific questins have been answered up t nw.
【答案】19．B 20．B 21．D 22．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国科学家利用气象站去研究珠穆朗玛峰的气候变化情况以及全球变暖对青藏高原的影响。
19．细节理解题。根据“ It’s the secnd time since last year fr the science expeditin (考察) team t reach the tp.”可知，自去年以来，中国科学考察队登顶了两次，故选B。
20．推理判断题题。根据图片的展示可知，图片展示的是科学家和登山者到达气象站的情况，与第二段表达的内容一致，故选B。
21．段落大意题。根据“Over the last fifty years, the temperature n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen abut 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecsystem(生态系统) f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding f the influence f climate change, and help scientists and the gvernment make prper decisins.”可知，本段主要是介绍研究青藏高原的生态系统的重要性，故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据“After fixing steel rpes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and directin sensrs (传感器), they finished imprving the wrld’s highest autmated(自动化的) weather statin, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year.”可知，到目前为止，中国已经建立了世界上最高的自动化气象站。故选C。
目录
一
复习目标
掌握目标及备考方向
二
考情分析
中考阅读理解说明文考情分析
三
阅读说明文的考向
细节理解题
推理判断题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
5.提升必考题型归纳
四
真题感悟
中考阅读说明文经典考题精选
正确选项特征
将选项代入原文，上下文逻辑通顺。
含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。
干扰项特征
与划线部分词形相似
考查熟词生义时，含有常规词义的往往不正确
3.选项中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般为错误选项。
正确选项特征
涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩
语言精练，若是标题类，则应当醒目且语言具有概括性和针对性。
干扰项特征
过于笼统
范围太大，超出文章内容。
以偏概全
只是文章的某一部分或者某一个细节，或是某一个段落的要点或者部分。
主观臆断
与文章内容无关，只是涉及个别单词或按现实生活生搬硬套。