2025高考英语 一轮话题复习 话题25　科技发展与信息技术创新，信息安全（课件+练习）

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The Big Thinkers Series frm New Scientist events features fur nline talks，cvering a wide range f tpics by wrld－class scientist speakers and experts.If yu are curius abut yur planet r yur universe，then this series is yur place t hear the latest research.Save ￡20 ff the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket t all fur talks in the Big Thinkers Series (available n demand) r purchase single tickets fr just ￡13 per lecture (available by early bking).
Reality＋：Frm the Matrix t the Metaverse with David ChalmersIn this talk，philspher David Chalmers argues that Metaverse－style virtual wrlds experienced thrugh headsets are als genuine and meaningful realities and we can live a meaningful life in VR.What We dn’t Knw Abut Gravity with Claudia de RhamWe are all familiar with the cncept f gravity.In this talk，Prfessr Claudia de Rham will explre hw much we actually knw abut gravity and hw much mre there is left t uncver.
A Brief Histry f Timekeeping with Chad OrzelFrm Stnehenge t atmic clcks，here is the 5，000－year histry f hw science is used t mark time.Chad Orzel，the internatinally bestselling authr f Hw t Teach Quantum Physics t Yur Dg，ffers us a witty jurney thrugh scientific thery and quirky (离奇的) histrical detail.Physics at the End f the Universe with Katie MackThe Big Bang thery tells the stry f the beginning f the universe fr the last 13.8 billin years.But hw des the stry end? Jin astrnmer Katie Mack as she shares what mdern astrphysics(天体物理学) tells us abut the final fate f the universe.【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍《新科学家》举办的大思想家系列活动的四场在线讲座。
1.Hw much des a series ticket cst?
A.￡13. B.￡20. C.￡30. D.￡32.解析 数字计算题。根据第二段“Save ￡20 ff the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket t all fur purchase single tickets fr just ￡13 per lecture”可知，单场的票价是13英镑，购买一个系列可以节约20英镑，因此买一个系列的票价为：4×13－20＝32(英镑)。
2.What will Chad Orzel lecture in?
A.The genuine secrets f histry f time final fate f the universe.解析 细节理解题。根据A Brief Histry f Timekeeping with Chad Orzel部分的“Frm Stnehenge t atmic clcks，here is the 5，000－year histry f hw science is used t mark scientific thery and quirky histrical detail.”可知，Chad Orzel的讲座是关于时间标记的历史。
3.What d the fur talks have in cmmn?
A.They are all aimed at science are all cncerned with will all be given by bestselling will all be given by excellent physicians.解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“If yu are curius abut yur planet r yur universe，then this series is yur place t hear the latest research.”可知，这四个讲座的共同之处是它们都是针对科学爱好者的。
(2024·湖北沙市中学模拟预测)Mst f us spend ur lives surrunded by screens，which ffer us cnvenience as well as cnnectin and an cean f infrmatin.But since it’s easy t feel pressured t keep up with every ntificatin，technlgy may feel mre like a burden than a blessing.Thus，the idea f “digital detx” is becming increasingly inviting.
The phrase “digital detx” describes getting rid f TV，phnes，cmputers and ther frms f technlgy that cntrl ur lives fr a perid f time.Sme experts advcate cmpletely aviding unnecessary screen time fr 30 years.Others suggest using an app that will limit the amunt f time ne can spend n certain websites.A third ptin is lgging ut in evenings r n weekends.Others simply turn their phnes ff at scheduled times.Sme even pay high prices t take vacatins in places where they can unplug frm their digital rutine.
Why might yu want t take a digital detx? Perhaps yu find that yu are spending lnger than yu intend n certain apps r that they distract yu frm mre imprtant things.Perhaps scial media is depressing because yu cmpare yurself t thers r yu fear missing ut n things that ther peple are enjying.Cnstant negative news can als give rise t a lt f stress.Technlgy can als have physical effects.Many peple experience back r neck pain as a result f bending ver screens.The blue light cming frm mst screens can als affect peple’s sleep by preventing prductin f melatnin (褪黑激素).
Giving up all screens may nt be realistic，but strategic breaks frm technlgy may be gd fr yur bdy，mind，emtins and relatinships.It is high time that yu picked a time t turn ff yur devices and fcus n really imprtant things.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字脱瘾”，以及数字产品给我们带来的影响。
4.Why des the authr say “technlgy may feel mre like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1?
A.T cnfirm a cncept.B.T present a explain a rule.D.T make a predictin.解析 写作意图题。根据第一段中“Mst f us spend ur lives surrunded by keep up with every ntificatin”可知，科技带来了便利，但人们也会容易感到有压力，所以作者说“技术可能更像是一种负担，而不是一种祝福”是为了呈现问题，引出话题“数字脱瘾”。
5.What des the underlined wrd “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Recver. D.Suffer.解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The phrase ‘digital detx’ describes getting rid f ur lives fr a perid f time.”可知，“数字脱瘾”是指摆脱电视、电话等数字生活，所以此处unplug frm their digital rutine是指摆脱数字生活，unplug是“摆脱，脱离”的意思。
6.Which culd be the reasn fr ne t start “digital detx”？
A.Apps selectin f missing imprtant t false frm scial cmparisn.解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Perhaps scial media is ther peple are enjying.”可知，一个人可能开始“数字脱瘾”的原因是把自己和别人比较，也就是来自社会比较的压力。
7.What is the purpse f the text?
A.T recmmend healthy call fr reducing the use f digital give instructins n starting digital present different attitudes t digital prducts.解析 写作意图题。根据最后一段中“Giving up all screens may nt be turn ff yur devices and fcus n really imprtant things.”可知，作者认为是关掉你的设备专注于重要的事情的时候了，可以推测出文章的目的是呼吁减少使用数码设备。
It was just a typical mrning f an rdinary wrkday.I was at the 1 ，n my way t the lab where I was a pstdctral fellw.But smething began t 2 inside me as I watched the peple arund me—headphnes hanging frm their ears， 3 cast dwn，unsmiling faces.They lked unhappy.And I realized that I was ne f them.Suddenly，I culd n lnger 4 with my wrk life and bked a ne－way ticket t fly hme.Over the years，I had grwn mre 5 due t the pressure f finishing my wh culd have been partners became cmpetitrs I disliked and the effect f this cmpetitin was exactly the 6 f what I had hped fr.I began t feel lnely and 7 .I became less and less prductive in my scientific wrk.I 8 my breaking pint that day at the bus stp.I had t end this.I emailed my prfessrs，explaining that I had put the 9 first and myself secnd fr t lng.
Shrtly after I gt back hme，I started t receive sme emails frm my wrkmates—I guessed they expected me t jin them again sn.After a few 10 asking hw I was，in the emails many expressed their stress f academic life.Vulnerable researchers were 11 their heads ut f their shells (壳)，seeking help.It ccurred t me that we all 12 smetimes，and ur vulnerability (脆弱) seemed s much alike that I 13 myself frm all that had bthered me fr days.Actually it can be a 14 game，instead f ne where ne side gains while the ther side lses.Wrking with thers and asking fr help desn’t make my cntributins 15 ：it means we can all succeed.【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在等公交车去实验室的时候，发现周围的人行色匆匆，并不快乐，意识到自己太长时间把自己的职业放在了第一位，而忽视了自身的快乐。作者认为：与他人合作并寻求帮助并不会让自己的贡献变得不重要；这意味着我们都可以成功。
shp B.bkstreC.supermarket D.bus stp解析 A.cafe shp咖啡店；B.bkstre书店；C.supermarket超市；D.bus stp公交车站。根据下文“n my way t the lab”可知，作者要去实验室，在公交站等公交车。 B.tackleC.settle D.disappear解析 A.awaken觉醒；B.tackle处理；解决；C.settle安排；D.disappear消失。根据下文“I realized that I was ne f them”可知，当作者看到别人戴着耳机眼睛低垂不苟言笑的时候，觉醒到自己也是其中之一。
B.eyesC.neck D.arms解析 A.nse鼻子；B.eyes眼睛；C.neck脖子；D.arms胳膊。根据下文“They lked unhappy”可知，作者在说面部表情，所以应该是眼睛低垂。 B.cntinueC.cmbine D.exchange解析 A.g去；B.cntinue继续；C.cmbine联合；D.exchange交换。根据下文“bked a ne－way ticket t fly hme.”可知，作者产生了厌倦之心，不愿意再继续工作生活。
B.academicC.cmpetitive D.psitive解析 A.mature成熟的；B.academic学术的；C.cmpetitive有竞争力的；D.psitive积极的。根据下文“due t the pressure f finishing my Ph.D”可知，作者有完成博士学位的压力，所以变得更加爱竞争。 B.alternativeC.case D.ppsite解析 A.utput产量；B.alternative可供选择的事物；C.case情况；例子；D.ppsite相反的东西。根据上文“Thse wh culd have been partners became cmpetitrs I disliked”可知，竞争的结果不是作者希望的，是与作者的希望相反的。
B.lstC.pure D.guilty解析 A.inspired受启发的；B.lst迷失的；C.pure纯洁的；D.guilty内疚的。根据上文“Thse wh culd have been partners became cmpetitrs I disliked”以及“I began t feel lnely”可知，作者因失去了不想失去的东西而感到孤独，分析四个选项，B项“lst(迷失的)”含义与句子表达的含义一致。 B.markedC.hit D.set解析 A.sptted看见；B.marked标记；C.hit击打；碰触；D.set放置。根据下文“my breaking pint”可知，在公交车站，作者的坏情绪达到了极限，分析四个选项，hit the breaking pint为固定短语，含义为：达到了崩溃的极限。
B.adaptatinC.cmprehensin D.ccupatin解析 A.evaluatin评估；B.adaptatin适应；C.cmprehensin理解；D.ccupatin职业。根据上文“I had t end this”以及下文“myself secnd fr t lng”可知，作者向教授解释自己把职业放在第一位的时间太长了。 B.linesC.calls D.accunts解析 A.jkes笑话；B.lines行；C.calls电话；D.accunts账户。根据上文“Shrtly after I gt back hme，I started t receive sme emails frm my wrkmates”可知，作者在看别人写给他的信。
B.standingC.bringing D.figuring解析 A.sticking伸出；B.standing站；C.bringing带来；D.figuring弄明白。根据下文“their heads ut f their shells”可知，此处作者使用比喻的手法，把脆弱的研究人员比喻成乌龟，从壳子里面伸出头寻求帮助。 B.urgeC.suffer D.hesitate解析 A.chke噎住；B.urge敦促；C.suffer遭受痛苦；D.hesitate犹豫；根据下文“ur vulnerability seemed s much”可知，作者感受到了每个人都有遭受痛苦的时候。
B.bannedC.freed D.prevented解析 A.discuraged使……灰心；B.banned禁止；C.freed解脱；D.prevented预防。根据下文“frm all that had bthered me”可知，作者把自己从几天来困扰自己的一切中解脱出来。 B.nn-cntrversialC.s-called D.win-win解析 A.brand-new崭新的；B.nn-cntrversial不会引起争议的；C.s-called所谓的；D.win-win双赢的。根据下文“instead f ne where ne side gains while the ther side lses”可推理出，这是一场双赢的游戏。
B.imprperC.irregular D.illgical解析 A.unimprtant不重要的；B.imprper不合适的；C.irregular不规则的；D.illgical不合逻辑的。根据下文“it means we can all succeed”可知，作者认为与他人合作并寻求帮助意味着我们都可以成功，并不会让我的贡献变得不重要。
(2024·山东省潍坊市高三二模)Dctrs in the Jhns Hpkins University Schl f Medicine have fllwed the meal－time habits f mre than 500 peple fr six years，1. (find) weight change is mst affected by the size and 2. (frequent) f meals rather than the interval (间隔) frm first t last meal.It challenges the ppular trend f intermittent fasting (禁食) 3. a useful weight lss strategy.Intermittent fasting，als referred t as time－restricted feeding，is a dietary strategy where all meals 4. (cnsume) during a shrt windw f time each day.These windws can extend frm 6 t 10 hurs，resulting in a persn essentially fasting fr up t 18 hurs each day.
The idea reveals 5. is n link between the time f a persn’s eating windw each day and weight changes.“Based n ther studies that have cme ut，including 6. (we)，we are starting t think timing f meals mst likely desn’t prduce 7. instant impact n weight lss，” said dctr Bennett.“What des matter，hwever，is the ttal number f medium and large meals a persn eats ver the day.” It suggests simply eating smaller meals，less frequently，is 8. ultimately leads t weight lss.All f this desn’t mean intermittent fasting strategies wn’t help.But what des seem increasingly clear is that the weight lss benefits ccasinally 9. (see) with these eating strategies may be primarily driven by a reduced calric intake.It desn’t mean yu can simply eat all yu want in a shrt windw each day and still expect 10. (lse) weight.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究。研究表明，影响体重变化的最大因素是饮食的量和频率，而不是从第一顿饮食到最后一顿饮食的间隔时间，该研究发现挑战了间歇性禁食作为一种有用的减肥策略的流行趋势。1.finding [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子成分完整，空处用非谓语动词形式，find是句中have fllwed the meal－time habits...自然发生的结果，应用find的现在分词形式finding，作结果状语。故填finding。]2.frequency [考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处和size并列，作介词by的宾语，应用frequent的名词形式frequency，表示“(发生的)频率”，是不可数名词。故填frequency。]
3.as [考查介词。结合常识可知，间歇性禁食常被当作一种有用的减肥策略，空处应用介词as，表示“当作”。故填as。]4.are cnsumed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：间歇性禁食，也被称为限时进食，是一种饮食策略，每天在短时间内食用所有食物。句子在解释间歇性禁食的内涵，是一般性的事实，应用一般现在时，where引导的同位语从句与主句时态保持一致，空处作从句的谓语，和主语all meals之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are cnsumed。]5.there [考查there be句型。分析句子可知，reveals后面接了省略了that的宾语从句，从句中表示两者之间没有关联，应用there be句型，空处填there。故填there。]
6.urs [考查代词。分析句子可知，空处作介词including的宾语，表示“我们的研究”，应用名词性物主代词。故填urs。]7.an [考查冠词。空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一种”，应用不定冠词，且instant的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。]8.what [考查名词性从句。suggests后接了省略了that的宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，空处需引导名词性从句作is的表语，表语从句中缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what。故填what。]
9.seen [考查非谓语动词。that引导的表语从句中主要成分完整，空处作benefits的后置定语，且see和benefits之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用see的过去分词形式seen。故填seen。]10.t lse [考查非谓语动词。此处用了固定短语expect t d sth，表示“期待做……”，空处需用不定式的形式t lse作expect的宾语。故填t lse。]