人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists当堂达标检测题

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists当堂达标检测题，共8页。试卷主要包含了刷阅读理解，刷7选5等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
体裁:记叙文题材:人物介绍词数：343 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
［安徽合肥2021高二期中联考］Brn n May 27, 1907 in Springdale, Pennsylvania, Rachel Carsn became an avid explrer as well as reader, and tk an interest in writing stries. By the age f 10, she had published her first stry in St. Nichlas. She wuld ften read this magazine, as well as many thers that cncerned with the natural wrld. In 1925, she finished high schl at the tp f her class—a class f 45 students.
Carsn went n t attend the Pennsylvania Cllege fr Wmen, which is knwn as Chatham University nw. This is where she ended up pursuing the sciences, mre precisely, bilgy. She eventually attended Jhns Hpkins University in 1929, cntinuing her studies in zlgy and genetics.
Carsn cmpleted her master's in zlgy in June f 1932, and went t wrk at a lcal radi statin. Here she wrte educatinal bradcasts fr a weekly radi shw called Rmance Under the Waters. This led her t her jb at the U. S. Bureau f Fisheries, and she became just the secnd wman t be emplyed by the bureau.
In 1951, Carsn had her bk The Sea Arund Us published, which explains the cmplexity f the cean t nn-scientists. Carsn wrte the bk with petry and science, and she intended t spark her readers a sense f the fragility f the wrld's ecsystem. The Sea Arund Us made Carsn the vice f public science in America, an internatinally recgnised authrity n the ceans, and established her reputatin as a nature writer f the first rank.
In 1962, Carsn became well-knwn when her mst famus bk Silent Spring was published. This bk described the negative effects f pesticides n the envirnment. Her cncern ver pesticides dates back t the 1940s, but n ne wuld take it seriusly until this bk was finally published. On April 14th, 1964, Carsn passed away due t a heart attack but her wrk n preserving the envirnment has cntinued t this day. Silent Spring was even republished in 1994 with an intrductin frm then vice-president Al Gre.
1. What d we knw abut Carsn’s early life?
A. She was a big fan f St. Nichlas.
B. She wrked part-time at a radi statin.
C. She pursued the sciences in high schl.
D. She mved t Springdale at the age f 10.
2. Accrding t the text, The Sea Arund Us ________.
A.is a science bk fr prfessinals
B. was published after Carsn passed away
C. aimed t raise public envirnmental awareness
D. has made Carsn a fictin writer f internatinal significance
3. What might be Al Gre's attitude twards Silent Spring?
A. Critical.
B. Ambiguus.
C. Sceptical.
D. Apprving.
4. Which wrds can best describe Carsn?
A. Talented and respnsible.
B. Independent but serius.
C. Reliable and curageus.
D. Determined but prud.
B
体裁:说明文 题材:介绍说明 词数：329 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
［辽宁六校 2020 高二联考］NAO, the first rbt able t shw feelings, has been created by a Eurpean research team. When NAO is sad, he lwers his head and lks dwn. When he's happy, he raises his arms fr a hug. Nthing is ut f the rdinary, except that NAO is a rbt.
"We're mdelling the first year f life," says Lla Canamer, a cmputer scientist at the University f Hertfrdshire. " The feelings are shwn thrugh physical gestures and bdy mvements rather than facial r verbal （言语的）expressins."
In the future, says the scientist, rbts are likely t act as cmpanins, prvide supprt fr ld peple, and help peple shp nline. In these situatins, the display f emtins, will be imprtant in making the interactin （相互作用）mre natural and cmfrtable.
NAO has been prgrammed t cpy the emtinal skills f a ne-year-ld child. It can memrise faces, and knws the basic rules f gd and bad. Based n these it can decide hw t react t what is ging n. The actins ging with each feelings are pre-prgrammed, but NAO decides fr itself when t play them.
NAO is als prgrammed t have different persnalities. A mre independent rbt is less likely t call fr help when explring a rm, while a mre fearful rbt will shw distress if it finds smething in the rm that may be harmful.
Canamer's team will take its emtinal prgramming frward int medical applicatins. Part f the prject will lk at ways t use rbts in hspitals t supprt the rles f dctrs, nurses and parents.
Children might find that a small, friendly-lking rbt that can understand their emtinal states makes them less anxius. "We want t explre different rles-the rbts will help the children t understand their treatment and explain what they have t d. We want t help the children t cntrl their anxiety," she says.
1. Accrding t the text, what d we knw abut NAO?
A. It displays different feelings in different situatins.
B. It is able t imitate adults, emtinal displays.
C. It can remember peple's feelings.
D. It learns emtins frm facial expressins.
2. What can we learn frm the text?
A. Scientists wrked n facial and spken expressins t create NAO's emtins.
B. The time when NAO displays feelings has been pre-prgrammed.
C. Emtinal prgramming is used in medicine prductin.
D. Rbts with emtinal skills can help children feel mre cmfrtable.
3. What des the underlined wrd "distress" in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Curage.
B. Anxiety.
C. Anger.
D. Satisfactin.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The relatinship between humans and rbts.
B. The rles that rbts play in different fields.
C. The first rbt able t shw feelings.
D. The lng histry f rbts.
二、刷7选5
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明词数：328 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[河南郑州八校2021高二期中]There have been a lt f cmments recently surrunding 5G，the next generatin f wireless technlgy. 1 ？Hw might it change ur lives？
5G stands fr “the fifth generatin"，meaning the next step in the prgressin f technlgy t replace the current 4G system. Earlier “G” systems were designed t imprve mbile cmmunicatin peratins. Each new technlgy brught majr imprvements in speed and greatly increased netwrk capacity（容量）. 2 . It is expected t permit mre users t d mre things at a faster rate.
Hwever, technlgy experts say there is a majr way that 5G is different frm the earlier systems. 3 . It will affect many mre devices and industries than ther “G” versins.
5G will help fuel future “smart cities" by cnnecting sensr netwrks.5G is als expected t cnnect self-driving cars and supprt new technlgies invlving virtual reality（虚拟现实）. Higher 5G speeds culd als permit dctrs t cmmnly perfrm remte medical peratins. Factries and businesses culd use 5G technlgy t increase autmatin and imprve the cllectin f infrmatin.
4 . The increased data flw acrss 5G netwrks wuld give Internet attackers a lt mre pssibilities t steal and misuse data. In additin, the wider use f a 5G wireless netwrk means any breakdwn f the system wuld have mre widespread and severe results. Such difficulties culd affect public safety. 5 , r a netwrk breakdwn culd cause self-driving vehicles t crash.
A. Why is 5G s ppular
B. What is this technlgy
C. Every cin has tw sides
D. The new 5G system prmises mre f the same
E. It will mve beynd mbile netwrk technlgy
F.A breakdwn f 5G netwrks may cause ecnmic lsses
G.A failure during a dctr's remte peratin culd lead t death
答案解析
刷阅读理解
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名作家蕾切尔·卡逊的生平。
1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的By the age f 10，she had published her first stry in wuld ften read this magazine，as well as many thers that cncerned with the natural wrld.可知，蕾切尔·卡逊很早就是《圣尼古拉杂志》的狂热粉丝。故选A项。
2.C推理判断题。由题干中的The Sea Arund Us可快速定位到第四段的内容。根据句子 Carsn wrte the bk with petry and science，and she intended t spark her readers a sense f the fragility f the wrld's ecsystem.可以推测出，蕾切尔·卡逊写这本书的目的是提高民众的环境保护意识。故选C项。
3.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Silent Spring was even republished in 1994 with an intrductin frm then vice-president Al Gre.可以推测出，当时的副总统艾伯特·戈尔对《寂静的春天》这本书的态度是非常认可和支持的。故选D项。
4.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的she became just the secnd wman t be emplyed by the bureau 可知蕾切尔·卡逊很有才华；根据第五段中的 Her cncern ver pesticides dates back t the1940s和but her wrk n preserving the envirnment has cntinued t this day可知，蕾切尔·卡逊很有责任心。故选A项。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由一个欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够通过动作表达感情的机器人NAO，该团队希望能将它的情感程序应用到医学领域。
1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的When NAO is sad，he lwers his head and lks dwn.When he's happy，he raises his arms fr a hug.可知，当NAO生气时，它会低下头，当它开心时，它会伸出手要求拥抱，这说明NAO能在不同情况下表达不同的情绪。故选A项。
2.D细节理解题。根据第六段中的Children might find that a small，friendly-lking rbt that can understand their emtinal states makes them less anxius.可知，如果孩子们有一个小小的、友好的又能够理解他们情感状态的机器人陪着的话，他们可能就不会那么焦虑了，也就是说具有情感技能的机器人可以帮助孩子们感觉更放松。故选D项。
3.B词义猜测题。前面提到一个更独立的机器人在探索房间时很少寻求帮助，是独立完成任务的。句中的while表示对比，由此可以判断，后面是说一个胆怯的机器人如果在房间里发现可能有害的东西时会表现出焦虑（的情绪）。故选B项。
4.C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句NAO，the first rbt able t shw feelings，has been created by a Eurpean research team.和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了由一个欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够表达感情的机器人NAO。故选C项。
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文为说明文，介绍了5G技术及其优点，同时也介绍了5G技术存在的安全风险。
1.B分析文章结构可知，本文属于“总一分”结构，文章主要就第一段的两个问题展开，根据第二段中的5G stands fr“the fifth generatin"，meaning the next step in the prgressin f technlgy t replace the current 4G system.可知，第一个问题是关于5G技术的概念，故选B项。
2.D根据前一句Each new technlgy brught majr imprvements in speed and greatly increased netwrk capacity.可知，每一项新的通信技术都会提升速度，扩大网络容量，本句介绍新技术的作用，D选项指出了5G会带来更多的东西，其中的f the same与前一句呼应，符合语境，故选D项。
3.E根据后一句It will affect many mre devices and industries than ther “G” versins.可知，与其他四代的通信相比，5G会影响更多的设备和产业，E选项指出它的发展将超过手机网络技术，后一句进一步说明该句，符合语境，故选E项。
4.C根据后文The increased data flw acrss 5G netwrks wuld give Internet attackers a lt mre pssibilities t steal and misuse data.可知，本段主要讲述5G技术可能存在的风险，故选C项。
5.G根据后面的r a netwrk breakdwn culd cause self-driving vehicles t crash可知，网络故障可能会导致自动驾驶汽车出车祸，故此处介绍的是5G技术对公共安全可能造成的不利影响，G选项指出一个医生远程手术过程中的故障可能造成死亡，与空后内容相呼应，符合语境，故选G项。